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Study of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Cloudy Atmosphere : Air/Droplet Partitioning of VOC Miao Wang

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Study of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Cloudy Atmosphere : Air/Droplet Partitioning of VOC Miao Wang Study of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the cloudy atmosphere : air/droplet partitioning of VOC Miao Wang To cite this version: Miao Wang. Study of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the cloudy atmosphere : air/droplet partitioning of VOC. Earth Sciences. Université Clermont Auvergne, 2019. English. NNT : 2019CLFAC080. tel-02864762 HAL Id: tel-02864762 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02864762 Submitted on 11 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE CLERMONT AUVERGNE DOCTORAL SCHOOL OF FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES PhD Thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of University Clermont Auvergne Specialty : Physics-Chemistry of the Atmosphere and Climate Submitted and presented by « WANG Miao » Graduate of the Master Physics and Chemistry for the Environment Study of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the cloudy atmosphere : air/droplet partitioning of VOC To be defended the 16th of December 2019 Jury member of the committee: Huret Nathalie President Leriche Maud Reviewer Sauvage Stéphane Reviewer Mailhot Gilles Examiner Beekmann Matthias Examiner Colomb Aurélie Invited Borbon Agnès Co-supervisor Deguillaume Laurent Supervisor UNIVERSITE CLERMONT AUVERGNE ECOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES FONDAMENTALES THESE présentée pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR D’UNIVERSITE CLERMONT AUVERGNE Spécialité : Physique-chimie de l’atmosphère et climat Par « WANG Miao » Diplômée du Master Physique et Chimie pour l’Environnement Etude des Composés Organiques Volatils (COV) dans l’atmosphère nuageuse au sommet du puy de Dôme : partition air/goutte des COV et impact sur la chimie atmosphérique Soutenance prévue publiquement le 16 Décembre 2019 devant le jury : Huret Nathalie Président Leriche Maud Rapporteur Sauvage Stéphane Rapporteur Mailhot Gilles Examinateur Beekmann Matthias Examinateur Colomb Aurélie Invitée Borbon Agnès Co-directrice de thèse Deguillaume Laurent Directeur de thèse Table of contents Table of contents .................................................................................................................. 1 Table of figures ..................................................................................................................... 4 Table of tables .................................................................................................................... 12 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER I Atmospheric VOC: sources & multiphasic transformations ...................................... 18 General physical and chemical properties of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) ............. 19 Definition ................................................................................................................. 19 Chemical VOC diversity ............................................................................................. 20 Sources of VOC into the atmosphere ................................................................................ 23 Natural emissions ..................................................................................................... 24 I.2.1.1 Plant emissions ................................................................................................. 24 I.2.1.2 Soil emissions ................................................................................................... 25 I.2.1.3 Ocean emissions ............................................................................................... 26 I.2.1.4 Variability of natural emissions from terrestrial ecosystems .............................. 27 Anthropogenic emissions ......................................................................................... 31 I.2.2.1 Biomass burning ............................................................................................... 31 I.2.2.2 Other anthropogenic emissions ........................................................................ 33 I.2.2.3 Temporal and spatial variability of anthropogenic emissions............................. 36 VOC transformations in the atmosphere .......................................................................... 39 VOC chemical transformations: lifetime estimation .................................................. 39 • I.3.1.1 Hydroxyl radicals HO ........................................................................................ 40 • I.3.1.2 Nitrate radicals NO3 ......................................................................................... 40 I.3.1.3 Ozone O3 .......................................................................................................... 41 VOC reactivity ........................................................................................................... 43 I.3.2.1 VOC oxidation ................................................................................................... 43 I.3.2.2 VOC oxidation by ozonolysis ............................................................................. 44 I.3.2.3 VOC photolysis.................................................................................................. 46 I.3.2.4 Comparison of VOC oxidation mechanisms ....................................................... 47 Transfer from the gas phase to the particulate phase ....................................................... 48 Gas to particle partitioning theory ............................................................................ 48 SOA precursors ......................................................................................................... 49 Parameters influencing SOA formation ..................................................................... 49 Global SOA production estimates ............................................................................. 51 Transfer to the aqueous phase ......................................................................................... 53 Henry's Law equilibrium ........................................................................................... 54 Mass transfer: a kinetical process ............................................................................. 59 Evaluation of gas/liquid partitioning ......................................................................... 63 Transformations in the aqueous phase ............................................................................. 65 Abiotic transformations ............................................................................................ 65 Biotic transformations .............................................................................................. 66 1 Objectives of the thesis: effect of clouds on the atmospheric VOC budget? ...................... 67 CHAPTER II Analytical developments for quantification of multiphasic VOC/OVOC in cloud .. 70 Framework of the analytical developments .................................................................. 71 Which target compounds? ........................................................................................ 71 Which expertise at LaMP? ........................................................................................ 73 Derivatization techniques for OVOC measurement by GC-MS ................................... 75 Design of the analytical set-up for VOC/OVOC measurement in gas and cloud phases .. ................................................................................................................................. 78 Identification and separation of the derivatized OVOC ................................................ 79 Preparation of the derivatized standards .................................................................. 79 Identification and separation of carbonyl compounds .............................................. 80 Identification and separation of alcohols and carboxylic acids .................................. 83 Analysis of carbonyls in the gas phase .......................................................................... 87 Preamble .................................................................................................................. 87 Sorbent coating and derivatization ........................................................................... 88 Humidity influence ................................................................................................... 89 Derivatization efficiency: liquid derivatization versus on sorbent tube derivatization 90 Linearity of the method ............................................................................................ 91 Time of storage ........................................................................................................ 92 The breakthrough volume (BV) ................................................................................. 93 II.3.7.1 Preliminary tests for ambient air ....................................................................... 93 II.3.7.2 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) sorbent
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