Departament De Filologia Anglesa I Alemanya

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Departament De Filologia Anglesa I Alemanya DEPARTAMENT DE FILOLOGIA ANGLESA I ALEMANYA PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA UNA EDICIÓN CRÍTICA EN FORMATO DIGITAL DE SHAKESPEARE: TITUS ANDRONICUS COMO EJEMPLO. JOSE FRANCISCO SAIZ MOLINA UNIVERSITAT DE VALÈNCIA Servei de Publicacions 2010 Aquesta Tesi Doctoral va ser presentada a València el dia 6 de juliol de 2010 davant un tribunal format per: - Dr. Miguel Ángel Conejero Tomás Dionís-Bayer - Dr. Cándido Pérez Gállego - Dra. Pilar Ezpeleta Piorno - Dra. Laura Monrós Gaspar - Dr. Juan Vicente Martínez Luciano Va ser dirigida per: Dr. Vicente Forés López ©Copyright: Servei de Publicacions Jose Francisco Saiz Molina Dipòsit legal: V-3433-2011 I.S.B.N.: 978-84-370-7980-6 Edita: Universitat de València Servei de Publicacions C/ Arts Gràfiques, 13 baix 46010 València Spain Telèfon:(0034)963864115 PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA UNA EDICIÓN CRÍTICA EN FORMATO DIGITAL DE Shakespeare: Titus Andronicus COMO EJEMPLO TESIS DOCTORAL Departamento de Filología Inglesa y Alemana Facultad de Filología, Traducción y Comunicación Presentada por: JOSÉ SAIZ MOLINA Dirigida por: DR.VICENTE FORÉS LÓPEZ Valencia, Mayo 2010 Copyright °c 2010, José Saiz Molina Valencia PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA UNA EDICIÓN CRÍTICA EN FORMATO DIGITAL DE Shakespeare: Titus Andronicus COMO EJEMPLO por José Saiz Molina Tesis Doctoral Presentada en el Departamento de Filología Inglesa de la Facultad de Filología, Traducción y Comunicación como parte de los requerimientos para la obtención del título de Doctor en Filología Universidad de Valencia Mayo 2010 iv El Dr. Vicente Forés López, como director del trabajo de investigación realizado por el doctorando Don José Saiz Molina, certifica que el presente documento es la versión última y definitiva de la tesis titulada: Propuesta metodológica para una edición crítica en formato digital de Shakespeare: Titus Andronicus como ejemplo. Dr. Vicente Forés López: José Saiz Molina: A Vicente Forés, siever modular. AMa Carmen y Álvaro, con todo mi cariño. viii Agradecimientos Quisiera aprovechar esta oportunidad para expresar mi más sincero agradecimien- to a todos los que a lo largo de estos años me han ayudado en la elaboración del pre- sente trabajo de investigación. En primer y destacadísimo lugar mencionaremos la excelente labor que ha realiza- do el Dr. Vicente Forés López, tanto en mí formación como investigador literario como en la dirección de la presente tesis doctoral, porque sin su gran predisposición para trabajar en equipo junto con su asesoramiento constante, disponibilidad permanente, pasión por Shakespeare y por el fenómeno teatral, gran conocimiento de la problemática y metodología editorial en el medio impreso y digital, críticas constructivas y grandes dosis de paciencia, este proyecto sería un cúmulo de datos caóticos y una serie de ideas inconexas e incompletas. Por lo que respecta a la parte más técnica y aplicada de nuestra investigación, he- mos de agradecer a Bernardo Magraner Yañez la ayuda durante la revisión del dise- ño de la nueva base de datos con MySQL y a Sergio Navarro Fajardo por el asesora- miento y ayuda constante con los diversos sistemas operativos, las tecnologías LAMP, los RMDBS, los servidores web y por sugerirnos la utilización del entorno de edición LATEX para la confección y conversión a diversos formatos del presente documento. También queremos destacar la colaboración desinteresada de todo el equipo de Aula Virtual del Servicio de Informática de la Universidad de Valencia, aunque des- tacaremos la labor individual realizada por Darío Roig y Agustín López durante la supervisión y corrección de algunos scripts en la fase de conexión con la plataforma de teleformación dotLRN-UVEG que se emplea en la parte aplicada de nuestro proyecto. En el apartado documental queremos destacar la gran labor de Margarita Lozano por localizar, gestionar y enviarnos el material directamente desde Oxford, la profe- sionalidad y ayuda desinteresada que siempre nos presta Victoria Buitrago en la bi- ix blioteca de Humanidades, las sugerencias e intercambio de inquietudes teatrales de la Dra. Francisca Ferrer Gimeno y las aportaciones sobre la (re-)escritura del texto shakes- peariano en el contexto alemán contemporáneo por parte de la Dra. Ana Rosa Calero Valera. No quisiera concluir esta apartado sin mencionar a Meredith House. Primer nativo anglo-parlante que supo despertar y motivar mi curiosidad por conocer y estudiar aca- démicamente y en profundidad la lengua (y literatura) de Shakespeare, que me ayudó durante el inicio de esta fascinante aventura académica y por brindarme y mantener su amistad incluso desde la distancia. Finalmente, y del modo más entrañable y especial posible, a la gran persona y mejor mujer que es mi esposa Ma Carmen y a mi hijo Álvaro. Personas de las que recibo a diario el mayor apoyo, paciencia, cariño y comprensión incondicional y a las que les tengo que agradecer infinidad de cosas que, aunque sin más palabras, estoy seguro que ellos sabrán valorar, apreciar, entender y agradecer. JOSÉ SAIZ MOLINA Universidad de Valencia 23 de abril de 2010 x Resumen La edición crítica de textos en formato digital esta planteando a la comunidad filológica una serie de nuevos retos gracias a la aplicación de las Nuevas Tecnologías y al uso de las novedosas y recientes posibilidades de difusión desde el entorno de Internet. Nuevas Tecnologías que van a permitir a la comunidad filológica, en general, experi- mentar con las diversas formas de editar, traducir, anotar, analizar e incluso de presen- tar editorialmente un texto y que, a corto o medio plazo, pensamos que nos servirán para analizar y exponer con mucho más detalle las problemáticas propias que se deri- van de la aplicación directa de estas tecnologías en una serie de estudios literarios de diversa índole. La presente tesis doctoral propone este tipo de experimentación técno-literaria en el campo de los estudios dramáticos. Experimentación en la que nuestro referente princi- pal en todo momento serán los Complete Works_Obra Completa del poeta y dramaturgo inglés William Shakespeare y en la que emplearemos la obra Titus Andronicus, en sus variantes in-Quarto de 1594 e in-Folio de 1623, para formalizar una nueva propuesta editorial en formato digital del texto dramático. Propuesta que, obviamente, contemplará y se enmarcará en una tradición editorial previa y que intentará extraer, plantear y exponer algunas de las múltiples peculiarida- des y problemáticas propias que se derivan de la aplicación directa de estas tecnologías a los estudios shakespearianos. En nuestro caso, la elección de este autor teatral y de esta obra en particular está justificada por una serie de trabajos previos que sobre esta materia venimos realizando con el Dr. Vicente Forés López desde 1999. Trabajos donde se continúan las principales líneas de investigación en materia editorial y computacional que él mismo fusiona y promueve desde el seno del Instituto Shakespeare de la Universidad de Valencia y que son, en todo momento, la base principal de esta propuesta metodológica. xi Por lo que respecta a dicha propuesta metodológica, de naturaleza modular e inte- gradora, hemos de decir que intenta hacer converger lo teatral, lo filológico, lo compu- tacional y la retroacción que se produce entre estas en un único espacio. Espacio que, gracias a estos nuevos entornos digitales, actualmente se puede con- ceptualizar en forma de Ciberespacio y que en su vertiente teórica empleará el modelo de las Self-regulating Open Hierachic Order (SOHO), o infraestructuras holónicas, que propone el novelista británico de orígen húngaro Arthur Koestler entre 1975 y 1979 en su trilogía de libros The Ghost in the Machine, The Act of Creation y Janus: A Summing Up. Concepto que, en nuestra opinión, puede resultar muy fructífero a la hora de abor- dar el fenómeno teatral en general ya que supera la clásica dicotomía entre los enfoques reduccionista y holístico típicos de las disciplinas científicas contemporáneas y que se peculiariza por la identificación de un elemento denominado holon (parte|todo). Por lo que respecta a la variante más filológica de nuestro trabajo, y al ser Titus Andronicus una de las obras menos estudiadas del canon shakespeariano, una parte importante de nuestro estudio se ha centrado en analizar con detalle la transmisión documental de dicha obra en sus diversos formatos, versiones, lenguajes y/o medios. Recorrido hermenéutico que se inicia con las primeras ediciones impresas en formato in-Quarto (1594) e in-Folio (1623), que concluye con las novedosas propuestas multi- mediales, hiper-mediales y/o docuversales en red de principios del siglo XXI y que nos servirá para mostrar la evolución multi-dimensional del texto shakespeariano en sus diversas artes. Trabajo este que, adicionalmente, permite completar una primera aproximación monográfica completa a esta obra en nuestro país si se combina con los estudios pre- vios realizados en materia traductológica por el propio Vicente Forés, en materia inter- textual por Antonio M. Martín Rodriguez y en materia de recepción crítica por Marta Cerezo Moreno. Por lo que respecta a la variante computacional del mismo, y teniendo en cuenta los diversos aspectos teóricos y/o filológicos anteriores, presentamos un primer prototipo de Holonic Variorum Edition. Término que emplearemos a lo largo del presente estudio para denominar a la im- plementación práctica en forma de entorno-plataforma editorial que hemos desarrolla- do exclusivamente gracias a las actuales tecnologías LAMP y en el que proponemos y xii planteamos una nueva forma de editar, traducir, anotar y presentar el texto dramático en estos nuevos entornos digitales. De hecho, desde este nuevo Editorial Modular System_Sistema Modular Editorial pre- sentamos una primera aproximación multi-dimensional a la obra Titus Andronicus del siguiente modo: en formato multilingüe (inglés, castellano, catalán), en su variante for- mal (in-Quarto e in-Folio) y/o documental (versiones en JPG, TXT, PDF, HTML, etc); de manera lineal (o convencional) y desde nuevas perspectivas tabulares (ej. concordan- cias y buscadores); e integrada en otros entornos y/o plataformas digitales del tipo Web 2.0 (ej.
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