SOCIAL AND CULTURAL UPRISINGS Brahmo Samaj Movement Founder – Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828. Established Atmiya Sabha in 1814. Sati Pratha, Casteism and advocated widow marriage were criticized. Established Vedanta college both in western and Indian and physical sciences also offered. He was a Linguist. Lots of languages known, including Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, English, French, Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Opposed Sanskrit system of education. Important leaders- Devendranath Tagore and Keshab Chandra Sen. In 1865, Tagore dismissed Keshab. Keshab started Sangat Sabha, Prarthana Samaj and Brahmo Samaj of India. Founder of Prarthana Sabha – Justice M.G. Ranade. Precepts of Jesus – Book written by Raja Ram Mohan Roy. Arya Samaj Founder – Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875. Sayings – ‗Go back to Vedas‘ and ‗India for the Indians‘. His book ‗Satyarth Prakash‘ is a commentary on Veda and he also wrote Veda Bhashya Bhumika and Veda Bhashya. A large number of educational institutions were established. E.g. Gurukulas, DAV school etc. Started Suddhi Movement – to convert non-Hindus to Hinduism. He is known as Luther of Hinduism. In 1866, started Dayanand Anglo Vedic College. Started newspaper, ‗Aryaprakash‘. Ramakrishna Mission Shri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (1834 – 1886), born in village Kumarpukur in the Hoogly village of Bengal. His early name ‗Shuddirama Gadhadhar Chatterjee‘. Vivekananda (1861 – 1903) was the most famous disciple of Ramakrishna. Founder of Ramakrishna Mission – Swami Vivekananda (Narendra Dutta as his earlier name) in 1897. Attended Parliament of Religions in Chicago on 11th September, 1893. In 1900, he was invited to the Congress. In 1899, the mission was shifted to Belur. Started two papers as - Prabudha Barat in English and Udbodhana. Also called as ‗Patriot Saint of India‘ and ‗Cyclonic Hindu‘. In 1898, Sister Nivedita, an Irish lady was initiated to Brahmacharya by Vivekananda. Theosophical Society Founded by Madame Blavatsky and Col. H.S. Olcott in New York in 1875. Shifted his headquarters to Adayar near Madras in 1882. His philosophy was inspired by the Upanishads. Dr. Annie Besant, came to India in 1893. In 1898, she started Central Hindu School at Benaras. Later it became Benaras Hindu University under Madan Mohan Malavya in 1916. First woman President of INC in 1917. Started Home Rule League in 1916 with Dadabhai Naoroji as its President. Young Bengal Movement Founder – Henry Vivian Derozio, teacher in Calcutta Hindu College. Derozians are his followers. They attacked old traditions and decadent customs. In 1828, Academic Association was initiated. Supported women‘s education and their rights. Deva Samaj Founder - Shiv Narayan Agnihotri at Lahore in 1887. Religion - Deva Shastra, Teaching – Devadharma.