Examining Potential Tourism Impacts of World Heritage Status: An Analysis of Fort Ancient, Ohio

A thesis submitted to the

Graduate School

of the University of Cincinnati

in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of

Master of Community Planning

in the School of Planning

of the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning

by

Zachary William Moore

April 2015

B.A. Wright State University, 2013

Committee Chair: Carla Chifos, PhD, AICP Moore 1

ABSTRACT

The subject of tourism, manifesting at varying scales ranging from local to global, has been a topic of much discussion and research among both academic and professional circles.

Tourists who visit places which possess a special cultural, historic or natural value, referred to as heritage tourists, seek a unique, immersive and authentic experience. This type of experience can come into conflict with the homogenization and commercialization that often accompanies tourism development, and in the worst cases can lead to deterioration of heritage. This issue can also be exacerbated by a significant increase in visitation following a site’s designation as World

Heritage, a prestigious brand which promotes cultural and natural heritage sites worldwide. This thesis analyzes and critiques projected economic and development impacts in Warren County,

Ohio, resulting from the inscription of Fort Ancient, a Hopewell Native American hilltop enclosure, as a World Heritage site. The methodological framework comprises three parts: (1) an economic impact analysis, using IMPLAN; (2) build-out scenario production; and (3) build-out scenario visualization, using GIS. Predicted development outcomes, encompassing hotel/motel, restaurant, retail, and arts/entertainment sectors, are examined and discussed in conjunction with development patterns observed near three existing U.S. World Heritage Sites.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to my thesis committee,

Dr. Carla Chifos and John Hancock, for their dedication in helping me to develop this project.

Special thanks to Elizabeth Bartley, for providing valuable support and encouragement throughout the process. I would also like to acknowledge Stan Williams, for initially inspiring me to pursue this topic and his continued assistance, as well as my parents for their unwavering love and support.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 – Introduction 7 Tourism 7 Heritage 9 Heritage Tourism 11 Sustainable Development 12 Sustainable Development 13 Fort Ancient Site Characteristics and Context 17 Research Premise 22

Chapter 2 – Literature Review 24 Tourists 24 Experience and Authenticity 25 Market Segmentation and Typologies 26 Behaviors of Cultural Heritage Tourists 29 Impact Analysis & IMPLAN 30

Chapter 3 – Methodology 33 Overview 33 Comparative Approach 33 Questions and Objectives 35 Part 1: Economic Impact Analysis 36 Part 2: Build-Out Scenario Production 38 Part 3: Build-Out Scenario Visualization 38

Chapter 4 – Part 1: Economic Impact Analysis 41 Model Parameters 41 Visitation Projections 42 Tourist Typologies 44 Direct Spending Estimates 46 Projected Overall Impacts 48 Projected Additional Employment by Sector 50 Projected Tax Impacts 51

Chapter 5 – Part 2: Build-Out Scenario Production 53 Scenario Parameters 53 Scenario Assumptions 55 Scenario Production Results 55

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Chapter 6 – Part 3: Build-Out Scenario Visualization 58 Commercial Clusters 58 Visualization Procedure and Interpretation 62 Scenario Ranking 66 Interchange Exhaustive Scenario 67 I-71 Proximity Scenario 70 Interchange/Corridor Split Scenario 73 Fort Ancient Proximity Scenario 76 Interchange Priority Scenario 79 Even Dispersion Scenario 82 CBD Priority Scenario 85 CBD Exhaustive Scenario 88

Chapter 7 – Conclusion 91 Heritage Tourism Communities 91 Case Study: Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site 92 Case Study: Chaco Culture National Historical Park 94 Case Study: Mesa Verde National Park 96 Expanding Heritage Tourists’ Experience of Warren County 98

Appendix 101

References 181

LIST OF FIGURES, MAPS, AND TABLES

Figures Figure 1.1: Fort Ancient Site Diagram 17 Figure 1.2: 3D Model of Fort Ancient 19 Figure 6.1: Cartogram Example 63 Figure 7.1: Location of the Cahokia Mounds 93 Figure 7.2: Cahokia Site Vicinity 94 Figure 7.3: Four Corners Tourism Region 95 Figure 7.4: Cliff Palace 96 Figure 7.5: Downtown Durango 97

Maps Map 1.1: Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks Site Network 19 Map 1.2: Fort Ancient Location in Warren County 20 Map 1.3: Fort Ancient Local Aerial 23 Moore 6

Map 6.1: Commercial Clusters 60 Map 6.2: Clusters by Name 61 Map 6.3: Clusters by Category 62 Map 6.4: Interchange Exhaustive Scenario 68 Map 6.5: I-71 Proximity Scenario 71 Map 6.6: Interchange/Corridor Split Scenario 74 Map 6.7: Fort Ancient Proximity Scenario 77 Map 6.8: Interchange Priority Scenario 80 Map 6.9: Even Dispersion Scenario 83 Map 6.10: CBD Priority Scenario 86 Map 6.11: CBD Exhaustive Scenario 89

Tables Table 1.1: The Criteria for Location 15 Table 1.2: World Heritage Sites in the U.S.A. 16 Table 1.3: U.S. Tentative List 20 Table 3.1: Methodology Workflow Matrix 40 Table 4.1: Tourism Sectoring Scheme 43 Table 4.2: The Eight Impact Models 46 Table 4.3: Daily Tourist Spending Estimates 46 Table 4.4: Direct Spending Estimates for High Estimate Models 47 Table 4.5: Direct Spending Estimates for Low Estimate Models 48 Table 4.6: Maximum and Minimum Overall Impacts 49 Table 4.7: Additional Employment by Tourism Sector 51 Table 4.8: Projected Tax Impacts 52 Table 5.1: Build-Out Scenario Parameters 54 Table 5.2: New Development Areas by Scenario 56 Table 5.3: Detailed Build-Out Scenario Production Results for Models HE-3 and LE-2 57 Table 6.1: Base Scenario Results by Category 64 Table 6.2: Base Scenario Results by Cluster 65 Table 6.3: Interchange Exhaustive Scenario by Cluster 69 Table 6.4: I-71 Proximity Scenario by Cluster 72 Table 6.5: Interchange/Corridor Split Scenario by Cluster 75 Table 6.6: Fort Ancient Proximity Scenario by Cluster 78 Table 6.7: Interchange Priority Scenario by Cluster 81 Table 6.8: Even Dispersion Scenario by Cluster 84 Table 6.9: CBD Priority Scenario by Cluster 87 Table 6.10: CBD Exhaustive Scenario by Cluster 90

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CHAPTER ONE:

INTRODUCTION

Tourism

The subject of tourism, manifesting at varying scales ranging from local to global, has been a topic of much discussion and research among both academic and professional circles.

Tourism and the impacts of the travel industry can obviously have tremendous implications on the economic, physical, and social well-being of individual communities, places, and regions. It is also well-understood that the processes involved with marketing and/or appealing to tourists can be leveraged to enhance economic development, and in turn result in very visible benefits.

Over the last decade, the tourism industry has become “a global economic powerhouse,” mainly fueled by a growth in the number of international tourists from countries such as Brazil,

India, Russia, and China, all places which are experiencing a dramatic expansion of a “strong global middle class” (Fuller 2013). According to the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC), the “combined direct and indirect impact [of tourism] on the world economy…in 2012 was

US$1.2 trillion; 260 million jobs; US$70 billion in investment and US$1.2 trillion in exports”

(Fuller 2013). Altogether during this year, the economic activity spurred by the tourism industry represented 9% of the total world economy, 5% of total economic investment, and 5% of total exports, all while accounting for 1 in 11 of all jobs globally (Fuller 2013). Not only does tourism already represent a sizeable piece of the global economic puzzle, but it is also projected to continue growing into the future. It is predicted that “travel and tourism’s contribution to the world’s GDP [Gross Domestic Product] over the next 10 years is set to grow by 4.4% on average each year and to outpace the growth of the wider economy and other industries such as retail and Moore 8 public services” (Fuller 2013). This trend is being driven by factors such as “cheaper air travel, increased disposable income and leisure time” (Kaminski, Benson, & Arnold, 2014, p. 3).

The United States is increasingly becoming aware of the growing global market for international tourism. On March 4, 2010, President Obama signed the Travel Promotion Act of

2009, which created a non-profit public-private organization/partnership called Brand USA; originally referred to as a “Corporation for Travel Promotion,” the purpose of the organization is

“to generate increased international visitation to the United States and to grow its share of the global travel market” (Brand USA, 2014, p. 2). The ultimate goal is to “enhance the image” of the country among global travelers, as well as grow the national economy by bringing in

“millions of new international visitors who spend billions of dollars…creating tens of thousands of new American jobs” (Brand USA, n.d.). The creation of Brand USA, accompanied with additional studies and research conducted by academics and practitioners, indicates an increased awareness of the importance of global tourism on a national scale.

The tourism industry can be divided into various subcategories based on the purpose or intended reasons for travel. For example, differing types of tourism can include ecotourism, agritourism, geotourism, and religious tourism. This thesis will focus on the subject of cultural heritage tourism, sometimes simplified as heritage tourism. According to the U.S. Department of

Commerce, in 2004 more than 10.6 million international visitors came to the United States to experience “cultural and heritage tourism activities,” and spent on average around three weeks inside the country (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2005, p. 3). There are several ways to promote this particular kind of tourism in the U.S. One designation commonly utilized is the

National Park Service’s “Natural Heritage Area (NHA)” designation, which defines “places where natural, cultural, and historic resources combine to form a cohesive, nationally important Moore 9 landscape” (National Park Service 2014). Another example that has a global reach is the “World

Heritage Site” designation by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization (UNESCO), developed in 1972 as a way to conserve properties around the world which possess “outstanding universal value” to humanity (UNESCO World Heritage Centre,

2014, p. 5-13). In the case of both of these designations, but particularly UNESCO World

Heritage sites, the potential for increased national and international attention, and consequently increased visitation by tourists, can pose significant challenges for local communities in which such important cultural sites or landscapes exist.

The onset of a large amount of additional tourists is known to have profound implications on the condition of a community; these implications can serve as either positive or negative consequences impacting a given region economically, socially, and physically. It is also clear from the literature that cultural heritage tourists have particular expectations for the type of experience they are seeking during their visits. The mission of this thesis is to create an assessment framework applicable to communities faced with an increased influx of heritage tourists. This research framework assesses both economic and physical outcomes of tourism impacts so that appropriate responses may be administered to ensure that future development practices are tailored to embrace cultural heritage and the expectations of heritage tourists. The framework is applied to Fort Ancient, a Hopewell Native American earthworks site located in

Washington Township, Warren County, Ohio.

Heritage

The concept of heritage as it is employed within the term cultural heritage tourism is particularly important to this research. Although the terms ‘culture’ and ‘tourism’ are at least Moore 10 commonly understood in at a broad sense, when combined with the word ‘heritage’ the discourse is known to vary depending on the perspective lens through which the concept is viewed, whether the perspective is “academic, public, scientific, official, governmental, legal

[or]…individual” (Kaminski et al., 2014, p. 4). Therefore, it is necessary to clearly articulate the meanings associated with heritage.

According to UNESCO, heritage is recognized as “something that has been inherited from the past and which can be passed on to future generations” (Kaminski et al., 2014, p. 5).

Expressed another way, heritage describes the relationship between a society and its past.

Theorists on this subject have offered some criticisms and subsequently suggestions for an accepted definition. For example, Fairclough (2005) asserts that heritage does not simply encompass only those things which are passed on to future generations, but also those things that the current generation has inherited that may not be passed on (Kaminski et al., 2014, p. 5).

Nuryanti (2009) also agrees that “heritage in its broader meaning is generally associated with the word inheritance…[and serves] as a carrier of historical values from the past…[as well] as part of the cultural tradition of a society (p. 1). The ideas of ‘identity’ and ‘belonging’ also have strong associations with the concept (UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, & IUCN, 2013, p. 12).

Ashworth (2009) condenses these ideas to the single statement that heritage is about “the significance of the past to the present” (Kaminski et al., 2014, p. 5). As an example, Taos Pueblo, a World Heritage Site located in northern New Mexico, is recognized as the oldest continuously inhabited community in the United States. The pueblo, made of adobe, has been preserved and utilized since it was constructed sometime between 1000 and 1450 A.D., making it a living example of cultural heritage being passed down from generation to generation. As a sovereign Moore 11 nation, the people living in Taos Pueblo cherish their ancient traditions which fly in the face of advancement and modernization (“Taos Pueblo” 2014).

As can be seen in Taos Pueblo and elsewhere around the world, the significance of heritage is increasing among various societies, with heightened awareness assumed to be a reaction to globalization forces that facilitate “increasing speed of modernization and the scale of change in society” (UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, & IUCN, 2013, p. 12). Not only is awareness on the rise, but the scope of what types of features can contribute to or be defined as heritage is also expanding. Over the last fifty to sixty years, heritage has gradually broadened from site-specific features, such as individual monuments, buildings, structures, or fortifications, to entire landscapes; the reason for this is due to the “general recognition that the whole environment has been affected by its interaction with humanity and is therefore capable of being recognized as heritage” (UNESCO et al., 2013, p. 12). As a result, not only can the previously mentioned examples be regarded as heritage, but now also archaeological sites, cultural landscapes and routes, and even entire cities can now also be considered heritage (UNESCO et al., 2013, p. 12).

Heritage Tourism

With an understanding of the concept of heritage as it pervades throughout human history and society, heritage tourism simply refers to the desire of travelers to experience destinations that possess a special cultural, historic or natural value, sometimes in regard to a specific group of people. The National Trust for Historic Preservation more accurately defines heritage tourism as “traveling to experience the places, artifacts and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past” (National Trust for Historic Preservation 2014a). Moore 12

While communities which provide and market cultural heritage tourism experiences witness many of the general impacts affecting the overall tourism industry at large, “the differentiator…is that the [heritage] assets are essentially a non-renewable resource. If damaged, these resources cannot simply be replaced” (Kaminski et al., 2014, p. 4). Preserving vital heritage resources is not only important to maintaining cultural integrity in these communities, but is also important in maintaining “the perceived quality of a destination’s cultural offering,” which is a key determinant in where heritage tourists choose to visit (Kaminski et al., 2014, p. 3).

The loss of resources has potential to become a struggle for communities, as tourism tends to represent a dynamic “form of modern consciousness” where modernity may come into conflict with the exhibition of traditions (Nuryanti, 2009, p. 1). Ultimately though, it is possible for a healthy relationship to be established between tourism and built heritage, where heritage serves as the “locus” of tourism, thereby providing unique opportunities to experience the past via tourists’ “intellect and imagination” (Nuryanti, 2009, p. 2). The Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development (OECD) has distinguished a paradigm shift associated with the visitor experience, suggesting that “travel tastes” are moving away from less sophisticated sightseeing dominated by tangible sites/buildings to lifeseeing dominated by intangible cultural traits such as “arts, languages, music, festivals and pageants” (Kaminski et al., 2014, p. 10). It is important for heritage communities to understand this shift, and take appropriate measures to ensure a quality tourism experience which offers more than just a preserved site or structure.

Sustainable Development

As a subject of research and practice, heritage tourism fits within the broad, global- reaching sustainable development paradigm. A commonly cited definition for sustainable Moore 13 development is “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (World Commission on Environment and

Development 1987, p. 41). Three dimensions/elements generally define the scope of sustainable development: (1) environmental protection, (2) economic growth, and (3) social equity

(UNESCO et al., 2013, 19). Heritage relates in two ways: (1) it can be “considered as an end in itself,” as an environmental and/or cultural resource “that should be protected and transmitted to future generations to guarantee their development,” and (2) it can be instrumental in contributing to all three dimensions of sustainable development (UNESCO et al., 2013, p. 20).

World Heritage

The most widespread and well-known way in which heritage is identified, promoted, and protected across the globe continues to be the World Heritage List, administered by the United

Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). As an international organization made up of 190 nations, UNESCO “seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity” (UNESCO et al., 2013, p. 29; UNESCO World Heritage Centre,

2014, p. 3).

In 1972, UNESCO adopted the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World

Cultural and Natural Heritage, which established the idea that the management of heritage shared by all of humanity was as much an international responsibility as it was a national responsibility (UNESCO et al., 2013, p. 29). The Convention identified two distinct types of heritage: cultural and natural; a World Heritage site can now be inscribed as either, or a combination of the two (known as a mixed site) (UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2014, p. 3). Moore 14

In addition, the Convention laid a foundation for the World Heritage process, describing the duties of the individual State members (referred to as ‘States Parties’), the requirements of the

World Heritage Committee (which meets once annually, usually in June or July), and defining the use of the World Heritage Fund, among other things (UNESCO World Heritage Centre,

2014, p. 9). UNESCO further refined the application of the Convention with the Operational

Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention, first adopted in 1977 and revised most recently in 2012 (UNESCO et al., 2013, p. 30).

To designate a specific site, place or landscape as a World Heritage Site (WHS), the State

Party of origin must first place it on UNESCO’s Tentative List, which acts as an inventory for potential sites. The State Party is then responsible for submitting a nomination file that is as exhaustive as possible regarding the details of the particular site considered for inscription

(UNESCO World Heritage Centre, 2014, p. 13). This document must include a thorough justification on why the site satisfies the requirement for “Outstanding Universal Value” (often abbreviated OUV), a concept that was most recently refined in the 2005 Operational Guidelines as “cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity”

(UNESCO et al., 2013, p. 34-35). Essentially, the nomination must prove that the site’s heritage stretches beyond the borders of the country of origin. As required by UNESCO for every new

WHS, OUV consists of three important pillars: (1) the property must meet one or more World

Heritage Criteria (see Table 1.1), (2) the property must meet the conditions of integrity and authenticity if relevant, and (3) the property must meet the requirements for protection and management (UNESCO et al., 2013, p. 35).

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Table 1.1 – The Criteria for Selection (must satisfy at least one) Source: UNESCO I Represent a masterpiece of human creative genius Exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural II area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town- planning or landscape design Bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization III which is living or which has disappeared Be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or IV landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history Be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is V representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change Be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with VI beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance Contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic VII importance Be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth’s history, including the record VIII of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features Be outstanding examples representing significant ongoing ecological and biological IX processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals Contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of X biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of Outstanding Universal Value from the point of view of science or observation

Once the nomination document is completed and fulfills these requirements, it is sent to at least one reviewing body before being sent to the Committee for a decision. The International

Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) reviews cultural site applications, and the

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) reviews natural site applications

(UNESCO et al., 2013, p. 30-31). Following review, the resulting documents are sent to the

Committee to consider for inscription. The Committee can take one of three actions: (1) Accept the application and inscribe the site as a WHS, (2) Deter the decision pending additional information from States Parties, or (3) Reject the application (UNESCO World Heritage Centre,

2014, p. 13). Moore 16

The number of World Heritage Sites (WHS) across the globe is growing year by year.

Currently the total number of WHS is 1007, including 779 cultural, 197 natural, and 31 mixed

sites. The United States is home to 22 of the 1007, split between 9 cultural sites, 12 natural sites,

and 1 mixed site (UNESCO, n.d.). The first WHS inscribed in the U.S. was Mesa Verde National

Park, a concentration of Pueblo Indian dwellings in Colorado (UNESCO 2014a). The most

recently inscribed U.S. WHS is the Monumental Earthworks of Poverty Point, located in

Louisiana. Table 1.2 presents an entire list of U.S. Sites as of October 2014.

Table 1.2 – World Heritage Sites in the U.S.A. Source: UNESCO Year Site Name State Site Type Inscribed Mesa Verde National Park CO Cultural 1978 Yellowstone National Park ID, MT, WY Natural 1978 Everglades National Park FL Natural 1979 Grand Canyon National Park AZ Natural 1979 Independence Hall PA Cultural 1979 Kluane/Wrangell-St. Elias/Glacier Bay/Tatshenshini-Alsek AK Natural 1979 Redwood National and State Parks CA Natural 1980 Mammoth Cave National Park KY Natural 1981 Olympic National Park WA Natural 1981 Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site IL Cultural 1982 Great Smoky Mountains National Park NC, TN Natural 1983 La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site - Cultural 1983 in Puerto Rico Statue of Liberty NY Cultural 1984 Yosemite National Park CA Natural 1984 Chaco Culture NM Cultural 1987 Hawaii Volcanoes National Park HI Natural 1987 Monticello and the University of Virginia in Charlottesville VA Cultural 1987 Taos Pueblo NM Cultural 1992 Carlsbad Caverns National Park NM Natural 1995 Waterton Glacier International Peace Park MT Natural 1995 Papahanaumokuakea HI Mixed 2010 Monumental Earthworks of Poverty Point LA Cultural 2014 Moore 17

Fort Ancient Site Characteristics and Context

This research focuses on predicting economic and physical impacts to Warren County’s landscape due to the prospect of the Fort Ancient earthworks becoming a World Heritage Site in the near future. Fort Ancient is a well-preserved hilltop enclosure which features 18,000 feet of earthen walls, 67 gateways, 131 ponds, and 123 acres of enclosed space; the fort was constructed by the Hopewell Native Americans, sometime between 100 BC and 400 AD, and served as a regional ceremonial center for the culture alive at the time (Ancient Ohio Trail and National

Endowment for the Humanities 2014). Located on a bluff east of the Little Miami River, Fort

Ancient is approximately 30 miles from Cincinnati, 25 miles from Dayton, and 70 miles from

Columbus (see Map 1.1). The site is also located approximately 6 miles from the county seat of

Lebanon, and 4 miles from the nearby Village of Morrow (see Map 1.2). Access is provided by

Interstate 71 to the north as well as State Route 350, which runs across the northern portion of the site (see Map 1.3).

Figure 1.1 – Fort Ancient Site Diagram

Source: EarthworksConservancy.org

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The history of the site is significant and inspires wonder, mainly because the Hopewell

Culture built it as a non-residential ceremonial gathering space and relied only on simple tools, such as “digging sticks and hoes made of shell or animal shoulder blades” to re-engineer the landscape by flattening the earth’s surface, filling in ravines, constructing massive earthen walls

(varying in height between 4 and 25 feet), and even forming perfect shapes with precise geometries. The site is divided between the North Fort, the South Fort, and the Middle Fort, all of which are connected (Morgan, 1950, p. 15). One of the most interesting features is the square formed by four “limestone-covered mounds” located in the North Fort area; each side is 512 feet exactly, and,

“Their original limestone coverings had been heavily burned: it was oxidized, red, and crumbly; and the fossils in it had turned white. Huge fires had been set atop these stone- surfaced mounds, obviously for some dramatic, ritual purpose. This perfectly-defined, fire-demarcated square space seems to have been kept absolutely clean and free of buildings, suggesting it was sacred. Trees would have been cleared to allow clear views from the western stone mound to the three, key astronomical alignments, through the gateways and out to the northeastern horizon” (Ancient Ohio Trail and National Endowment for the Humanities 2014).

Two Native American cultures, the Hopewell culture (100 BC to 400 AD) and the Fort Ancient culture (1000 AD to 1650 AD) had settled in and around Fort Ancient. The first survey of the landscape by a European American was performed in 1820 by Caleb Atwater. Several additional surveys and publications followed, until 1890 when Warren K. Moorehead published excavation results that ultimately inspired the Cincinnati Society of Natural History to encourage the State of Ohio to purchase the property for the purpose of its preservation. A bill was passed in 1891 which authorized the purchase of 180 acres; over the next century more land would be acquired, eventually totaling 680 acres in 1950 (Morgan, 1950, p. 28-31). Today, the land is owned by the

Ohio History Connection (formerly the Ohio Historical Society) and totals 766 acres (UNESCO

2014b). In 2009, “the Dayton Society of Natural History (DSNH), parent organization of the Moore 19

Data Source: Map 1.1 – Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks Site Network Warren County GIS & Census TIGER-Line Files

(1): Fort Ancient (4): Mound City Group (7): Octagon Earthworks (2): Seip Earthworks (5): Hopeton Earthworks (8): Great Circle Earthworks (3): Hopewell Mound Group (6): High Bank Earthworks (9): Wright Earthworks

Figure 1.2 – 3D Model of Fort Ancient

Source: UC CERHAS

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Map 1.2 – Fort Ancient Location in Warren County

Data Source: Warren County GIS & Census TIGER-Line Files

Table 1.3 – U.S. Tentative List (as of October 2014) Source: UNESCO

Site State Site Type Civil Rights Movement Sites AL Cultural Dayton Aviation Sites OH Cultural Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary - Natural Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings AZ, CA, IL, NY, OK, PA, WI Cultural Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks OH Cultural Mount Vernon VA Cultural Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge GA Natural Petrified Forest National Park AZ Natural San Antonio Franciscan Missions TX Cultural Serpent Mound OH Cultural Thomas Jefferson Buildings VA Cultural White Sands National Monument NM Natural Moore 21

Boonshoft Museum of Discovery and SunWatch Indian Village/Archaeological Park, assumed management of the day-to-day operations at the Fort Ancient State Memorial” (Dayton Society of Natural History at Fort Ancient 2013).

Fort Ancient is currently on the WHS Tentative List (see Table 1.3 for the current U.S.

Tentative List), and shares its nomination with other Hopewellian earthwork sites in Ohio, including five sites in Ross County and three sites in Licking County. Together, these nine sites comprise one nomination entitled the Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks (UNESCO 2014b). A nomination committee made up of various stakeholders was formed to help facilitate the process of preparing the nomination document to be submitted to ICOMOS, and eventually UNESCO.

This committee includes the following members: Hopewell Culture National Historical Park

(NPS), the Ohio History Connection, the Ohio State University Newark Earthworks Center,

DSNH, and the University of Cincinnati’s Center for the Electronic Reconstruction of Historical and Archaeological Sites (CERHAS). Preparation of the nomination document, which will include expert analysis and management plans, is currently an ongoing process and involves a

“working group of archeologists, anthropologists, architects, cultural landscape historians, museum and park administrators, and Native Americans” (Ohio History Connection 2014). An official decision has not yet been made on which of the ten selection criteria (see Table 1.1) Fort

Ancient’s application will satisfy, although the UNESCO webpage currently cites that criteria III and VI are applicable (UNESCO 2014b). The most recent draft document from February 2013 provides explanation and justification for criteria I, III, and IV (Ruby and Lepper 2013).

With the prospect of World Heritage status close on the horizon for Fort Ancient, based on past studies it is expected that visitation will increase and hence an economic impact will be generated. The overall goal of this thesis is to uncover how the economic outputs of this Moore 22 designation will translate into physical outcomes, and of these physical outcomes which is the most desirable for the target audience of heritage tourists.

Research Premise

This thesis tested a research framework observing the economic and physical impacts of additional tourists. In this study of Fort Ancient, the county in which the site is located served as the unit of analysis. The framework encompassed three phases and was driven by three fundamental research questions.

The first question considered is: how can a detailed picture of the economic impacts of additional tourists be created? To answer this question for Fort Ancient and Warren County, an economic impact assessment involving an input-output matrix was undertaken to determine the multipliers and resulting intensity of potential impacts, based on both high and low estimated expectations of increased visitation to Fort Ancient.

Once the economic indicators are reviewed and analyzed, the next two questions deal with the physical ‘development’ outcomes of the potential economic changes. In other words, how can such economic impacts be translated into predicted changes in growth and/or redevelopment and how will the predicted economic changes be represented as physical changes on the ground, taking into account the existing regulatory environment? For these tasks, economic changes were allocated to particular locations in the county, as could occur based on existing planning regulations and development circumstances. The National Trust for Historic

Preservation has hinted at possible regulatory mechanisms that should be considered for preserving heritage, including “local zoning ordinances, preservation ordinances, and city, county, or even regional land use plans” (National Trust for Historic Preservation 2014b). The Moore 23 allocation of economic changes to ‘suitable’ areas can be best be described as a visualization of the ‘build-out’ imposed by an increased level of tourists.

The final component of this thesis offers a comparison and draws connections between the resulting physical outcome of increased visitation, and the preferences and desires of heritage tourists as exemplified at other current U.S. World Heritage Sites. The key question asked here is: What can be gleaned by drawing connections and disconnections between the predicted physical changes and the type of environment found desirable by heritage tourists? After conducting this procedure, the resulting information is then critiqued, incorporating potential positive directions to take based on past heritage examples at other U.S. World Heritage Sites.

Map 1.3 – Fort Ancient Local Aerial

Data Source: Warren County GIS & Census TIGER-Line Files

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CHAPTER TWO:

LITERATURE REVIEW

Tourists

Understanding the motivations, desires, interests, and characteristics of tourists is essential in studying the effects of tourism and the driving forces behind it. The study of tourism, according to Wearing, Stevenson, and Young (2010), can be divided into two distinct approaches or categories (p. 20). One large category of research deals with the business aspects of tourism, focusing on subjects such as management, marketing, policy, and economic impacts; another category examines tourism through sociological, cultural and geographic lenses. While both approaches are relevant to creating a sustainable tourism economy, Wearing, Stevenson, and

Young (2010) argue that putting social and cultural implications first will ultimately lead to greater insights and a less rigid view of tourists as simply consumers (p. 22).

Several seminal works have influenced the study of tourism as well as how to define who tourists are in terms of their characteristics and behaviors. Erik Cohen (1972) believed that tourism is “a manifestation of people’s desire to visit other places in order to experience the cultural, social and environmental differences that exist in the world” (Wearing, Stevenson, and

Young 2010, p. 23). For Cohen, four types of tourists abound – organized mass tourists, individualized mass tourists, explorers, and drifters. The main distinction between these types is environmental preference, whether it be for the ‘environmental bubbles’ enjoyed by the masses or a more unfamiliar host culture for the adventurous to immerse themselves (p. 23). Cohen

(1979) would later expand on tourist types based on experiences sought, proposing five modes of tourists (recreational, diversionary, experiential, experimental, and existential) placed along an Moore 25 experiential continuum with pleasure at one end and meaningfulness at the other (p. 24). In later works he recognized the ability of tourists to shift along his proposed continuum, prompting

Wearing, Stevenson, and Young (2010) to suggest tourist types be instead directed toward practices and experiences as opposed to individuals themselves (p. 25). His achievements would lay the groundwork for future development of tourist typologies useful for economic marketing, measurement, and forecasts. Dean MacCannell (1973, 1976), another seminal author to tourism studies, viewed the tourist as “something of a pilgrim who travels in order to experience and witness the authenticity of the places and cultures of the visited Other” (Wearing, Stevenson, and

Young 2010, p. 129). MacCannell helped inform future sociological study on the nature of authenticity experienced while traveling to new places and experiencing new cultures. The subject of authenticity continues to play a pivotal role in tourism motivations and experience.

Experience and Authenticity

Tourism, and especially cultural tourism, is often portrayed as a pursuit of authenticity or a quest for encountering the ‘real thing’ (Wearing, Stevenson, and Young 2010, p. 27). A discussion of authenticity has become especially relevant in a postmodern context, as researchers such as Buhallis (2001) stress that many emerging tourism forms “are the antithesis of commercial, mainstream mass tourism” characteristic of globalization (p. 31). Even MacCannell

(1973, 1989) alleged that actual authenticity could no longer be encountered in a modern society, because locals and the tourism industry end up creating what he called ‘staged authenticity’ (p.

30). This view affirmed that visitors looking to experience the reality of authentic places would probably not penetrate past a certain point, with the tourism industry providing a specialized package of experiences and opportunities standing in for the truly authentic. Moore 26

Another interesting view is presented by Wang (1999, 2000), who classifies authenticity as either objective, constructed, or existential, where the first two are related to objects and the last is related to activities (Wearing, Stevenson, and Young 2010, p. 29). Wang saw toured objects as less relevant in the grand picture of the tourism experience, instead seeing activities as really the driving force behind a personalized narrative constructed subjectively from an

‘existential authenticity’ (p. 29).

Summing up views on authenticity, Wearing, Stevenson, and Young (2010) make the case that cultural tourists should now be recognized as individuals focused on existential authenticity and seeking to participate, experience, and learn, rather than simply sightsee and consume (p. 32-33).

Market Segmentation and Typologies

Although Wearing, Stevenson, and Young (2010) contend that tourist typologies are far too simple in their functionalist assumptions about time and activity (p. 22-23), many researchers have become dedicated to researching and developing typologies in order to understand the reasons and associations behind common tourist groups (Nyaupane and Andereck 2009;

Stylianou-Lambert 2011; De Simone 2012). By creating tourist typologies, researchers can gain a better understanding of market segmentation – that is, how different groups within the tourist market are described in terms of their needs and behaviors.

Galí-Espelt (2012) mentions a disconnect between academics interested in studying the relationship between tourists and cultural consumption, and the minimal data collection undertaken by administrations and/or institutions managing cultural sites or facilities (p. 45). In the case of many cultural or heritage sites, counting the number of total visitors does not reveal Moore 27 any information about how many are cultural tourists nor does it reveal visitors’ attitudes about their experiences. Galí-Espelt (2011) attempts to create a common model “to allow organizations that manage cultural institutions…to determine the different ways tourists approach cultural attractions, thereby establishing ‘degrees of culturedness’, that is, to classify cultural tourists into subgroups according to whether their attitude demonstrates a high, medium or low level of interest in culture” (p. 46). The theoretical model proposed comprises four quadrants defined by two variables: length of stay (long or short), and number of cultural activities (few or many) (p.

53). Though it is recognized that additional variables such as intensity of experience would make for a more complete proposal, the author acknowledges that this type of information is more subjective and thus more difficult to obtain systematically through either a questionnaire or direct observation (p. 56).

Nyaupane and Andereck (2009) follow a similar premise to Galí-Espelt (2012) by adopting an activity-based segmentation approach in studying cultural heritage tourism attractions in Arizona. The purpose of their research was to expand applicable typologies to cultural heritage tourists by attempting to uncover the most influential activities which lead them to a cultural heritage venue (p. 18). Through their analysis they found that these tourists could be separated into tangible and intangible groups, where tangible heritage tourists possessed greater interest in entertainment and fun and intangible heritage tourists were more interested in learning about history and culture (p. 24). Overall, Nyaupane and Andereck (2009) identify the importance of market segmentation “to determine meaningful group differences in order to develop target markets, [because] the more well defined a market the better the ability of tourism marketers and managers to direct appealing promotional messages to markets and develop products and services to meet visitors’ needs” (p. 25). Moore 28

Huh, Uysal and McCleary (2006) also agree on the importance of market segmentation as a powerful tool for understanding what is important to tourists. Exploring segmentation of cultural heritage tourists served as one of three components to their study of the Virginia Historic

Triangle comprising the settlements of Williamsburg, Jamestown, and Yorktown (p. 86). Two additional components investigated were expectations for certain heritage attributes and the level of satisfaction with final experienced heritage attributes (p. 83). The researchers administered a questionnaire and conducted “cluster analysis, discriminant analysis, and Chi-square test to help understand the nature of the cultural/heritage tourism market and identify the characteristics of each segment” (p. 97). Their results revealed that Cultural/Heritage Attraction has the greatest effect on overall satisfaction of the experience, in comparison to General Tour Attraction,

Shopping Attraction, and Information Factors (p. 97).

Using Hong Kong cultural attractions as a case study, McKercher (2002) proposed a model which segmented “the cultural tourism market according to two dimensions: (i) the importance of cultural motives in the decision to visit a destination and (ii) depth of experience”

(p. 29). From the Hong Kong data, McKercher (2002) identified five different cultural tourist types: the purposeful cultural tourist, the sightseeing cultural tourist, the casual cultural tourist, the incidental cultural tourist, and the serendipitous cultural tourist (p. 32-33). Purposeful and serendipitous tourists have the deepest and most meaningful experiences, while the remaining tourist types tend to have shallower experiences (p. 37). In addition, both sightseeing and purpose tourists seek out cultural destinations the most intentionally, while other types such as serendipitous tourists have lesser intention about visiting cultural attractions and may be driven by factors such as convenience or wide geographic scope of travel (p. 37). Moore 29

Pulido-Fernandez and Sanchez-Rivero (2010) pinpoint specific segmentation criteria that can be used to create unique tourist typologies; they separate criteria into socio-demographic, geographic, behavioral, and psychographic categories (Pulido-Fernández and Sánchez-Rivero

2010, p. 114). Demographic variables, such as gender, age, income and education can play a role in defining specific groups of tourists. Behavioral variables can include activities, habits (such as length of stay), and typical expenditures (how much money is spent and where). Psychographic variables can describe motivations, lifestyles, and the level of satisfaction of particular tourist groups (p. 114).

Research approaches to developing typologies and market segmentation for tourists are often aimed toward discovering typical patterns or behaviors. The next section discusses some of the common patterns found by studying cultural tourists.

Behaviors of Cultural Heritage Tourists

Silberberg (1995) initially identified some common characteristics of cultural tourists visiting the United States and Canada; the common cultural tourist “earns more money and spends more money while on vacation; spends more time in an area while on vacation; is more likely to stay at hotels or motels; is far more likely to shop; is more highly educated than the general public; includes more women than men…; [and] tends to be in older age categories” (p.

363). Nyaupane, White and Budruk (2006) would later confirm some of the same trends, indicating through their study of Native American heritage sites in Arizona that “culture-focused tourists” did in fact spend a greater amount of time at sites and “engaged more frequently in on- site activities focused on the cultural heritage of the area” (p. 95). Moore 30

Martin, Bridges and Valliere (2004) set out to profile cultural heritage visitors to the State of Vermont as compared to noncultural heritage tourists (p. 131). In their study, visitors were questioned about primary motivations for visiting Vermont, trip expenditures, and other details about their experience (p. 131). They found no significant socio-demographic differences between the two groups, with the exception of age; cultural heritage tourists were on average five years older than other visitors (p. 131). Other findings include the fact that cultural heritage tourists were more likely to be part of a tour group or be traveling with family members, that they spent much longer in Vermont overall (6.69 nights versus 3.35 nights), that they spent more money overall ($644 versus $340), and that their visits were much more influenced by magazine and newspaper articles than noncultural visitors (p. 132-133).

Impact Analysis & IMPLAN

IMPLAN (Impact analysis for PLANning) software is often used in academic studies to demonstrate the economic impacts of tourists on a local economy (Bonn and Harrington 2008;

Cela, Knowles-Lankford, and Lankford 2007, 2009). The Minnesota IMPLAN Group (MIG) identifies tourist impact studies as one possible purpose for using their IMPLAN software (Day

2014, p. 10). IMPLAN conducts economic impact analyses over a one-year horizon, and “is widely accepted by many organizations (public and private)…, and is not cost prohibitive”

(Bonn and Harrington 2008, p. 787).

The purpose of an impact study is to measure cumulative effects within a defined geographic region (such as a city, county, or state) resulting from spending in a specific economic sector or set of sectors (Day 2014, p. 4). Impact analysis is commonly referred to as input-output (I-O) analysis and was developed by Dr. Wassily Leontief, who began his work in Moore 31 the 1920s and received a Nobel Prize in 1973. An analysis of this type effectively traces economic impacts through backward linkages in industry sectors along a supply chain, revealing all indirect and induced effects until all initial direct spending is completely removed by leakage

(p. 14).

IMPLAN is the modern-day version of I-O accounts within a computer program, and

“examines the movements of products and services between industries, households and governments to create a detailed mathematical description of an economy. Once the economy is described, the resulting accounts are available for economic manipulation” (p. 16). IMPLAN data sets are constructed on an annual basis by MIG Inc. from multiple data sources, mostly from

Federal agencies such as the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S. Bureau of Economic

Analysis (BEA), and the U.S. Census Bureau (p. 13-14). The data helps form models of economies at geographic levels ranging from a macro national level down to a micro ZIP Code level (p. 9). The software can perform sophisticated calculations in minutes, such calculations that would normally take an expert economist a week or longer to accomplish (p. 7).

IMPLAN uses Type I, Induced (Type II), and Social Accounting Matrix (SAM)

Multipliers to calculate the effects of direct spending on all other economic sectors in a local economy. Type I Multipliers are derived from an economic framework that treats households as an industry (exogenous), and is used to calculate the direct and indirect effects; Type II

Multipliers are derived from a framework which is closed to households (endogenous) and is used to calculate induced effects (vom Hofe and Wang 2010, p. 229). In addition, SAM

Multipliers are “derived from a social accounting matrix which includes industries, factors of production, and institutions” (p. 229). Essentially, multipliers describe inter-industry Moore 32 relationships and are used to calculate the effects production in one sector will have in another sector.

IMPLAN splits direct, indirect, and induced impact results into four additional (but not exclusive) categories: employment (measured as including both full-time and part-time), labor income (includes employee compensation and proprietor income), value added (also referred to as the gross regional product or GRP), and output (the value of production, equal to value added plus intermediate expenditures for industrial commodities) (Day 2014, p. 61). These categories of information provide a complete picture of economic changes experienced as the result of a direct impact in spending, also referred to as a change in final demand.

According to MIG Inc., an ideal tourism impact analysis would be informed by “surveys of actual tourist spending…used to determine exactly what tourists purchase, how long they stay in the region, and what local activities they participate in during their stay” (Day 2014, p. 10).

Local residents’ spending for tourism activities is usually not included in an impact analysis, and the analysis only deals with purchases made inside the boundary of a defined study area (p. 10).

Moore 33

CHAPTER THREE:

METHODOLOGY

Overview

This thesis tests a quantitative research framework and then qualitatively assesses the results of the framework. The purpose of the research is twofold: (1) to provide a detailed picture of future impacts based on current projections for increased visitation, and (2) to discuss the implications these impacts will have as it relates to the cultural tourism experience. A matrix of the methodology workflow is provided in Table 3.1.

Comparative Approach

An academic research study from the Journal of Heritage Tourism, conducted by Çela et al. (2009) on the Silos and Smokestacks National Heritage Area (SSNHA) in northeast Iowa, most closely resembles the methods and aims of this thesis. Therefore, a comparative approach was undertaken which influenced the methodological structure for the study of Fort Ancient in

Warren County, Ohio.

Çela et al. (2009) analyzed the spending patterns and economic impacts of heritage tourists to SSNHA through a year-long visitor survey and an economic input-output (I-O) model conducted through IMPLAN software (p. 247). One of 27 congressionally-designated National

Heritage Areas, SSNHA is themed on the development of rural heritage tourism and covers a vast region of 20,000 square miles and 37 counties (p. 247). The authors retrieved data from 616 surveys to 47 heritage partner sites in order to examine visitors’ spending habits in a variety of sectors, including lodging, restaurants, groceries, transportation, admissions, and shopping (p. Moore 34

249). They then ran an I-O model for 547,773 identified non-resident visitors to SSNHA, with an estimated $62 million in direct economic impacts based on the spending patterns uncovered by the survey (p. 251). In addition, comparisons were drawn between total non-resident visitors and total non-resident heritage visitors (e.g. those who said in the survey their primary purpose was specifically to visit a heritage site) (p. 253). Overall, the study found that “heritage visitors to the

SSNHA, particularly, had a total impact of $42 million and created 803 jobs. Most of the money was spent in services and retail trade sectors” (p. 254).

The methodology for the Fort Ancient study was designed based on the methods employed by Çela et al. (2009). A similar approach was undertaken to determine the economic impacts of additional tourist spending in the hotel/lodging, restaurant, retail, industrial sectors, using IMPLAN software. However, unlike Çela et al. (2009), this study analyzes future projections rather than past economic patterns. This study also provides additional physical development analyses not found in the comparative study. In addition, sufficient data on spending habits does not exist for the heritage tourists who will visit Fort Ancient and other destinations in Warren County; therefore, projected spending habits are accounted for utilizing a different approach. However, both studies share the common goal of informing “private decision-making and public policy…[which requires] that executives, officials, employees and their dependents understand the contribution that tourists make to the local economy, both through those businesses directly serving the tourists and those that supply these businesses”

(Çela, Lankford, and Knowles-Lankford 2009, p. 245). In other words, creating an understanding of tourists’ expenditure patterns is necessary to guide strategic planning efforts and help formulate plans which will ultimately influence physical and cultural development in the community. Moore 35

Questions and Objectives

The first purpose of the research, to provide a detailed account of tourism impacts, constituted the quantitative portion of the research framework. Three critical questions drive the analysis presented in this stage: (1) How can a community create a detailed picture of the economic impacts of additional tourists?, (2) How can such economic impacts be translated into predicted changes in growth and/or redevelopment?, and (3) How will the predicted economic changes be represented as physical changes on the ground, taking into account the existing regulatory environment? The first question is answered through an economic I-O impact analysis conducted in IMPLAN, and is referred to as Part 1. The second question is answered through calculations using figures and data derived from the IMPLAN model, the U.S. Census

Bureau, and the Warren County Auditor, and referred to as Part 2. The third question is answered by using a Geographic Information System (GIS) to interpret the spatial structure of existing commercial areas in the County and anticipate possible patterns of development within those areas, and referred to as Part 3. Together, explanation and discussion of Parts 1, 2, and 3 constitute the components of Chapters 4, 5, and 6, respectively. The remaining sections of this

Chapter encapsulate a summary of the methodology structure in each of three Parts of the research framework.

The second purpose of this thesis is to follow up on the tabulated and visualized results from the research framework (Parts 1-3) by discussing the implications of these impacts as they relate to the cultural tourism experience, discussions which can be found in Chapter 7 of this thesis. The question asked in this stage was: What can be gleaned by drawing connections and disconnections between predicted physical changes and the type of environment most desirable for heritage tourists? To answer this question, three miniature case studies were conducted on Moore 36 three U.S. World Heritage Sites: Cahokia Mounds (IL), Mesa Verde National Park (CO), and

Chaco Culture National Park (NM). Cahokia is most directly relatable to Fort Ancient, while

Mesa Verde and Chaco are both Native American sites in fairly remote areas. All three sites have carried the World Heritage designation since 1987; therefore, it can be assumed that whatever physical impacts have taken place due to the designation have had sufficient time to manifest in the local landscapes. Key observations are drawn from each case study, mainly focusing on each site’s relationship to the nearest developed area (which may include hotels, restaurants, tourist activities, and other accommodations), as well as the character of the developed area. Data and observations are then compared between sites, as well as against the current situation of Fort

Ancient in Ohio. This analysis was predicated on the idea that these three World Heritage Sites serve as a precedent for what could happen around the future Fort Ancient World Heritage Site.

In turn, the analysis should help inform local stakeholders whether the existing U.S. WHS precedent should be followed in Warren County.

Part 1: Economic Impact Analysis

The first objective of Part 1 is to determine the estimated number of additional visitors to

Fort Ancient following WHS inscription. This study relies on estimates from a report by the

BaxStarr Consulting Group, which predicts additional visitation to all Hopewell Ceremonial

Earthworks sites based on past WHS visitation data, particularly for the Cahokia Mounds site in

Illinois (BaxStarr Consulting Group 2013, p. 1). According to the study, all nine sites listed on the nomination currently experience approximately 100,000 aggregated visitors per year, and this number could possibly grow to a number close to 300,000 per year after inscription (p. 14). As mentioned in the previous section, Cahokia is the best existing precedent for predicting visitation Moore 37 changes at the Fort Ancient site. According to BaxStarr, the initial visitor impact to Cahokia following inscription was approximately twenty-fold, increasing from 30,000 to somewhere between 500,000 and 600,000 (BaxStarr Consulting Group 2013, p. 6). These numbers have since fallen and tapered off to a ten-fold increase relative to pre-WHS status visitation, with approximately 300,000 visitors per year (p. 6). The model conducted in Part 1 assumes that the same patterns of visitor increase experienced at Cahokia will apply to all nomination sites. Two types of models were conducted; the High Estimate Model represented the highest possible increase in visitation to Fort Ancient (a twenty-fold increase, or 520,000 annually), while the

Low Estimate Model represented the lowest possible increase in visitation (a ten-fold increase, or

260,000 annually). Both models still represent significant changes to Fort Ancient, as the number of visitors to the site currently ranges from 25,000 to 26,000 per year according to site caretaker

Jack Blosser.

The second objective of Part 1 is to calculate the total amount of money spent by the additional visitors in the local economy. Because a detailed account of spending patterns was not available, a variable approach is undertaken to determine suitable ranges (high to low) of expenditures for purchases including hotels/lodging, restaurants, retail, and entertainment/arts establishments, as well as days spent inside the County. This approach allows results to be more flexible in terms of the perceived spending patterns for future heritage tourists. Overall, a total of

8 different model combinations are assembled; employment projections from these models are then incorporated into Part 2.

The third and final objective of Part 1 entails running the resulting dollar amounts from the previous step through the IMPLAN system to uncover the resulting direct, indirect, and induced effects produced. Total effects are given across affected economic sectors for additional Moore 38 employment, labor income, value added, and output generated by the additional tourist spending.

Tax impacts from the additional output are also tabulated. Detailed results are shown in the body of the thesis for the highest possible impact (Model HE-3) and the lowest possible impact

(Model LE-2), while all other supplementary results are provided in an appendix.

Part 2: Build-Out Scenario Production

In Part 2, employee-to-establishment ratios are computed and used to determine the number of additional establishments created by the additional tourist demand from Part 1. The first objective is to determine the average number of employees per type of establishment (hotel, restaurant, retail store, and entertainment/arts related business) in Warren County, using data provided by the IMPLAN software and the U.S. Census Bureau. Once these numbers are calculated, the second objective is to divide the number of additional jobs created in each sector by the average number of employees per establishment – resulting in a total estimate of new establishments. Data from the Warren County Auditor was then used to determine average establishment sizes (in acres) for each type, numbers which were then multiplied by the estimated numbers of new establishments to reach an overall estimated acreage total for new development in the County. This resulting value, referred to as the new development area, is used to construct development scenarios in Part 3.

Part 3: Build-Out Scenario Visualization

The mission of Part 3 of the research framework is to visualize suitable land for each type of development in proximity to Fort Ancient, and allocate each model’s amount of new development area to a map of Warren County. Suitable land was determined by status quo Moore 39 regulations explicit in zoning codes applying to various areas throughout the County (including the Warren County Zoning Code, which applies to 5 of the 11 townships, as well as other municipal and township zoning codes), as well as property classification by the County Auditor for existing commercial land uses. Dissolving commercial land uses (comprising existing developed areas, including planned-unit developments) with commercially-zoned land (from multiple jurisdictions) produced notable patterns and discernable clusters of commercial use.

Each cluster was then separated into four different types based on its character as a center of commercial activity: (1) Area clusters, (2) Central Business District (CBD) clusters, (3) Corridor clusters, and (4) Interchange clusters.

After distinguishing the boundary, name, and type for all 35 identified clusters, cartograms were produced to visualize different scenarios of how new development could take shape within the County. A cartogram is a kind of mapping analysis where “statistical information is shown in diagrammatic form,” with the most common examples being population size and GDP (Oxford Dictionaries 2015). Overall, a total of 8 different cartogram scenarios were produced, including: (1) the CBD Exhaustive Scenario, where all new development occurs within CBD clusters; (2) the CBD Priority Scenario, where seventy percent of all new development occurs within CBD clusters; (3) the Even Dispersion Scenario, where new development is dispersed equally among the four cluster types; (4) the Interchange Exhaustive

Scenario, where all new development occurs in Interchange clusters; (5) the Interchange Priority

Scenario, where seventy percent of all new development occurs within Interchange clusters; (6) the Interchange/Corridor Split Scenario, where new development is split evenly between

Interchange clusters and Corridor clusters; (7) the I-71 Proximity Scenario, where all new development is distributed evenly among all clusters within 1 mile of Interstate 71; and (8) the Moore 40

Fort Ancient Proximity Scenario, where all new development is distributed evenly among all clusters within 5 miles of Fort Ancient.

Table 3.1 – Methodology Workflow Matrix

RESEARCH STAGE Input Output Assumptions

Direct, Indirect, and H.E. Model: 520,000 Induced Effects visitors annually (Employment, Income, L.E. Model: 260,000 Value Added, Output) visitors annually IMPLAN 2012 Dataset

Part 1: for Warren County Projected Additional 60% are avid visitors Economic Impact Employment for 4 20% are day-trippers Estimated Direct Analysis Sectors 20% are local residents Spending Impacts (Hotel, Restaurant, Retail, Entertainment) High and low daily estimates on spending Tax Impacts patterns for each sector

Employment by Establishment Type All projected additional (from IMPLAN 2012 employment will be Dataset) distributed to new Projected Additional businesses Establishment Total Development Area by Part 2: (from 2012 County Sector Establishments in each Business Patterns) (8 Models) of the 4 sectors will Build-Out Scenario maintain the same Production Projected Additional New Development average size, despite Employment for 4 Area their location Sectors (8 Models) All new development Average Establishment occurs within Size in Acres Warren County (from County Auditor)

New Development New (re)development is Development Area by Area constrained to occur Cluster (8 Models) within the boundaries of (8 Scenarios) the clusters; clusters do Part 3: Calculated Cluster not expand Build-Out Scenario Scale Factor and Areas Visualization (35 total clusters) Scale Size Scenario results are not (8 Scenarios) specific to the given (used to produce Scenario Parameters sector of new cartograms) (8 Scenarios) establishments Moore 41

CHAPTER FOUR:

PART 1 – ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS

Model Parameters

The first stage of the research framework consists of an economic I-O impact analysis, a type of planning analysis which was described in detail in the Methodology chapter. In setting a foundation for the analysis, decisions first had to be made about what would constitute the study area (encompassing Fort Ancient) and which economic sectors would be affected by visitor changes.

The latest data for IMPLAN was obtained from MIG Inc., for Warren County in the year

2012. Unfortunately, additional datasets could not be obtained for any neighboring counties

(such as nearby Clinton County to the east). Still, it is expected that effects of the designation will not be closed to the borders of Warren County, but also affect the economies of surrounding counties and communities. However, for the analysis in this thesis, all models assumed that economic and development impacts will be contained only to areas within Warren County.

Future studies could certainly include additional geographic datasets to further enhance the realism of the model.

The next part of the process involves the selection of specific economic sectors which would receive industry changes, or boosts, as the result of increased visitation. Industry change is just one type of analysis that IMPLAN can perform, though it is probably the most common and is also the same kind of analysis utilized by Çela et al. (2009). IMPLAN software uses a sectoring scheme which differs from the standard 2-digit or 3-digit North American Industry

Classification System (NAICS); instead, the software uses the IMPLAN 440 classification Moore 42 scheme. However, the software enables users to aggregate IMPLAN 440 sectors as custom sectors, which if done correctly can conform to the NAICS structure. The analysis for Fort

Ancient assumed that tourists coming into the County would be spending their money locally on hotels/motels, at restaurants (and other food-related services), at retail shops and stores, and at arts/entertainment/recreation-related businesses. These four categories of businesses are hereafter referred to as the four affected tourism sectors. Two of these sectors, hotels/motels and restaurants, were represented by 440 sectors which directly corresponded with a NAICS classification. On the other hand, retail shops and entertainment businesses did not have one-to- one correspondence with NAICS codes, nor did each of these simply comprise one IMPLAN

440 code. Therefore, multiple sector codes were aggregated to form new custom sectors which would best represent these two industry sectors. The sectoring scheme established for the four tourism sectors can be seen in Table 4.1, which includes corresponding 3-digit NAICS codes.

Different industry changes were assigned to each of the four affected tourism sectors, depending on the model’s assumptions about visitation projections and tourist typologies. These two topics are the focus of the next two sections.

Visitation Projections

Expected increases in visitation served as a significant component to building a foundation for the impact analysis. The analysis relied on estimates produced by the BaxStarr

Consulting Group, which were based on past trends observed at the Cahokia Mounds World

Heritage Site in Illinois. The consultant predicted an initial twenty-fold increase in visitors for all

Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks sites, which would then stabilize at around a ten-fold increase

(BaxStarr Consulting Group 2013, p. 6). Since current visitation to Fort Ancient is around 26,000 Moore 43 annually, this translated into a high estimate of 520,000 annually and a low estimate of 260,000 annually following World Heritage inscription. The former estimate drove a High Estimate

Model, while the latter estimate drove a Low Estimate Model. Both the High Estimate and Low

Estimate Models will be referred to as model types throughout this thesis. Though there were only two types of models, a total of eight different impact models (four for each type) were constructed when accounting for tourist travel behaviors and spending patterns, as discussed in the next section.

Table 4.1 – Tourism Sectoring Scheme IMPLAN NAICS TOURISM SECTOR IMPLAN 440 Sector Name 440 Sector Sector Scenic and sightseeing transportation and 338 487 support activities for transportation 402 Performing arts companies 711 403 Spectator sports companies 711 Promoters of performing arts and sports and 404 711 agents for public figures 405 Independent artists, writers, and performers 711 Arts & Entertainment 406 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks 712 407 Fitness and recreational sports centers 713 408 Bowling centers 713 Amusement Parks, arcades, and gambling 409 713 industries 410 Other amusement and recreation industries 713 Hotels/Motels 411 Hotels and motels, including casino hotels 721 Restaurants 413 Food services and drinking places 722 324 Retail Stores – Food and beverage 445 326 Retail Stores – Gasoline stations 447 Retail Stores – Clothing and clothing 327 448 Accessories Retail Shops Retail Stores – Sporting goods, hobby, book, 328 451 and music 329 Retail Stores – General merchandise 452 330 Retail Stores – Miscellaneous 453

Moore 44

Tourist Typologies

As was discussed in Chapter 2, different tourist typologies are characterized by different behaviors and spending patterns, particularly when cultural heritage destinations are involved.

Therefore, the impact analysis model needed to take into account what kinds of tourists Fort

Ancient is predicted to encounter, and what their supposed behaviors will be when they arrive.

The BaxStarr report indicated that out of the total projected visitation following WHS inscription, 10 percent would be foreign visitors, 50 percent would be domestic cultural heritage visitors, 20 percent would be “day trippers or business travelers” who are passing through the area, and the remaining 20 percent would be local residents or students who may or may not have already been aware of Fort Ancient’s existence prior to the WHS designation (BaxStarr

Consulting Group 2013, p. 14). For the impact analysis, three different tourist typologies were assembled from these percentage estimates. These typologies include (1) avid visitors, which comprise both foreign visitors and domestic cultural heritage visitors and thus make up a 60 percent share of future visitors; (2) day-trippers, which are the 20 percent as mentioned above, and (3) locals, which are the remaining 20 percent and do not produce an additional economic impact to the County, even though they may visit Fort Ancient after the site is designated. Avid visitors are assumed to be those most interested in the fullest-possible experience when visiting

Fort Ancient; these are the individuals who will tend to stay longer, participate in more activities, and purchase more services while in Warren County. It is also assumed that the avid visitor will want to visit all nine Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks sites in Ohio (see Map 1.1 on page 15) to fulfill their experience of Hopewell culture archaeology; therefore, it is predicted that these visitors will want to spend at least one night in Warren County, but no more than two nights, so that the rest of the journey may be completed. This prediction further splits the model types, Moore 45 resulting in eight distinct models which are listed in Table 4.2 on the following page. On the other hand, day-trippers are those who may make a special trip to see the site and possibly spend money on a meal before or after, but will not necessarily be interested in other complimentary entertainment activities, shopping at retail stores for souvenirs, etc., or staying overnight in a hotel or motel.

Tourist spending behaviors also influence resulting industry changes and further differentiate each of the eight models from one another. In following a sensible approach to tourism projections, both high and low spending estimates were devised to create a suitable range of possible outcomes. Google, Expedia, and TripAdvisor searches revealed average hotel prices between $80 and $120 per night for two guests. A cheaper meal in the County can cost around $10 per person, while a more expensive meal out can cost around $25 per person.

Spending on retail can vary by individual, and can also certainly vary depending on the need

(e.g. a tank of gas, a t-shirt, a travel book, etc., all at varying prices); it is supposed that the maximum per person on retail is $50 and the minimum is $25. Spending amount estimates on

Arts & Entertainment activities were pulled from a report by Americans for the Arts, which revealed that non-local visitors will spend $39.96 per event and local visitors will spend $17.42 per event (Americans for the Arts, n.d., p. 1). These amounts were rounded off to $40 per person maximum and $20 per person minimum, respectively.

Table 4.3 displays both high spending and low spending combinations, which are daily per visitor, except for the hotel spending (where the amount is shared between two guests).

Combined information from Tables 4.2 and 4.3 helped to produce the total direct spending estimates by tourist sector for each of the eight models. The insertion of these direct spending estimates into the IMPLAN system, and the resulting impacts, are the focus of the next sections. Moore 46

Table 4.2 – The Eight Impact Models

Avid Daily MODEL Total Avid Day- Model Visitor Tourist TYPE Visitors Visitors Trippers Days Spending

HE-1 520,000 312,000 104,000 1 High High HE-2 520,000 312,000 104,000 1 Low Estimate HE-3 520,000 312,000 104,000 2 High HE-4 520,000 312,000 104,000 2 Low LE-1 260,000 156,000 52,000 1 High

Low LE-2 260,000 156,000 52,000 1 Low Estimate LE-3 260,000 156,000 52,000 2 High LE-4 260,000 156,000 52,000 2 Low

Table 4.3 – Daily Tourist Spending Estimates

High Daily Spending Low Daily Spending TOURISM SECTOR per Tourist per Tourist

Arts & Entertainment $40 $20 Hotels/Motels $120* $80* Restaurants (Avid Visitors) $75** $30** Restaurants (Day-Trippers) $25 $10 Retail Shops $50 $25

*Cost for two tourist guests **Combined cost of three meals

Direct Spending Estimates

The final step before running events in the IMPLAN system was to calculate total direct spending estimates by tourist sector and typology. These values were derived from the eight models by multiplying the appropriate number of visitors in the given typology by the daily tourist spending to get a total value. For avid visitors, these values were further multiplied by the Moore 47 number of avid visitor days. Avid visitors contributed toward all four tourism sectors, while day- trippers only contributed toward the restaurant sector. Furthermore, avid visitors were divided by two when multiplying against the hotel/motel sector spending, to account for two tourist guests sharing a single room. The resulting total direct spending estimates are shown below in Tables

4.4 and 4.5. The estimates shown in the upper five rows were inserted directly into the IMPLAN system as single events for each model, the results of which are discussed in the next section.

Table 4.4 – Direct Spending Estimates for High Estimate Models

DIRECT SPENDING CATEGORIES HE-1 HE-2 HE-3 HE-4

Avid Visitor $12,480,000 $6,240,000 $24,960,000 $12,480,000 Arts/Entert. Spending

Avid Visitor $18,720,000 $12,480,000 $37,440,000 $24,960,000 Hotel Spending

Avid Visitor $23,400,000 $9,360,000 $46,800,000 $18,720,000 Restaurant Spending

Avid Visitor $15,600,000 $7,800,000 $31,200,000 $15,600,000 Retail Spending

Day-Tripper $2,600,000 $1,040,000 $2,600,000 $1,040,000 Restaurant Spending

Total $70,200,000 $35,880,000 $140,400,000 $71,760,000 Avid Visitor Spending

Total $2,600,000 $1,040,000 $2,600,000 $1,040,000 Day-Tripper Spending

Total $72,800,000 $36,920,000 $143,000,000 $72,800,000 Direct Spending Moore 48

Table 4.5 – Direct Spending Estimates for Low Estimate Models

DIRECT SPENDING CATEGORIES LE-1 LE-2 LE-3 LE-4

Avid Visitor $6,240,000 $3,120,000 $12,480,000 $6,240,000 Arts/Entert. Spending

Avid Visitor $9,360,000 $6,240,000 $18,720,000 $12,480,000 Hotel Spending

Avid Visitor $11,700,000 $4,680,000 $23,400,000 $9,360,000 Restaurant Spending

Avid Visitor $7,800,000 $3,900,000 $15,600,000 $7,800,000 Retail Spending

Day-Tripper $1,300,000 $520,000 $1,300,000 $520,000 Restaurant Spending

Total $35,100,000 $17,940,000 $70,200,000 $35,880,000 Avid Visitor Spending

Total $1,300,000 $520,000 $1,300,000 $520,000 Day-Tripper Spending

Total $36,400,000 $18,460,000 $71,500,000 $36,400,000 Direct Spending

Projected Overall Economic Impacts

Notice in Tables 4.4 and 4.5 above that the maximum possible total direct spending

($143,000,000) and the minimum possible total direct spending ($18,460,000) are shown in

Models HE-3 and LE-2, respectively. These two models become the focus of discussion in the remaining sections of Chapters 4, 5, and 6, because together they represent the overall range of Moore 49 potential impact to the County. For complete impact results of all eight models, see the

Appendix.

Total additional employment, total additional labor income, total value added, and total output are all elements which comprise the overall economic impacts resulting from Models

HE-3 and LE-2, and are displayed in Table 4.6 below. Each of these totals is determined by summing the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of each element. An explanation of the differing nature between direct, indirect, and induced impacts can be found in Chapter 2.

Complete analysis results split among direct, indirect, and induced impacts can be viewed in the

Appendix.

Model HE-3 results in an additional 2,685 jobs, which includes both full-time and part- time positions, as well as over $67 million in additional labor income for workers. In comparison, Model LE-2 results in an additional 336 jobs and over $8 million in additional labor income, a nearly 88 percent reduction from Model HE-3. Despite these vast differences, both sets of impact results could be considered significant boosts to Warren County’s economy. The maximum injection into the County economy that could result from Fort Ancient’s inscription reaches close to $195 million, while the minimum is still a quite large $25 million.

Table 4.6 – Maximum and Minimum Overall Impacts

IMPACT ANALYSIS HE-3 LE-2 ELEMENT (maximum) (minimum)

Total Additional Employment 2,685.10 336.10

Total Additional Labor Income $67,116,229 $8,529,753

Total Value Added $112,048,729 $14,540,359

Total Output $194,245,923 $25,089,469 Moore 50

Projected Additional Employment by Sector

IMPLAN not only gives total additional employment, which applies to all economic sectors in the study region, but also breaks down that additional employment by sector. This breakdown became especially important for Part 2 of the research framework, which entails the calculation of new development areas for each of the four affected tourism sectors.

Total additional employment for the four tourism sectors in Models HE-3 and LE-2 is displayed in Table 4.7. The restaurants sector gains the most employee positions in both models, ranging between 938 and 101 jobs, including both full-time and part-time positions. In both models, the top two sectors which gain additional jobs are restaurants and retail. However, each model’s list of the top ten employment-gaining sectors differs from the other, following the top two. For Model HE-3, the third highest gaining sector is Arts & Entertainment, followed by

Hotels/Motels (4th), Real Estate Establishments (5th), Services to Buildings and Dwellings (6th),

Employment Services (7th), Civic/Social/Professional Organizations (8th), Maintenance and

Repair Construction of Nonresidential Structures (9th), and Offices of Health

Practitioners/Physicians/Dentists (10th). For Model LE-2, the third highest gaining sector is

Hotels/Motels, followed by Arts & Entertainment (4th), Services to Buildings and Dwellings

(5th), Real Estate Establishments (6th), Employment Services (7th), Civic/Social/Professional

Organizations (8th), Maintenance and Repair Construction of Nonresidential Structures (9th), and

Offices of Health Practitioners/Physicians/Dentists (10th). However, additional employment gains for the 4th through the 10th most benefiting sectors only ranges roughly between 15 and 30 jobs for Model HE-3 and roughly between 2 and 4 jobs for Model LE-2. It is clear that the sectors directly affected by incoming tourists, rather than indirectly affected, will share the large Moore 51 majority of all additional employment benefits to the County due to Fort Ancient’s WHS inscription. Table 4.7 – Additional Employment by Tourism Sector

TOURISM SECTOR HE-3 LE-2 (maximum) (minimum)

Arts & Entertainment 442 55

Hotels/Motels 368 61

Restaurants 938 101

Retail Shops 584 73

Projected Tax Impacts

An additional feature of the IMPLAN system is the ability to tabulate tax impacts resulting from the direct, indirect, and induced impacts of direct spending in the economy.

Among the types of taxes calculated are tax on production and imports, social insurance tax, corporate profits tax, and personal household taxes. Unfortunately, these taxes can only be distinguished between state/local or federal types; state taxes cannot be separated from the local taxes, thus exact tax figures that apply only to Warren County jurisdictions cannot be determined. However, the combined figures for state and local collections still paint a picture of an additional layer of impact that will be felt once Fort Ancient is inscribed on the World

Heritage list. A complete picture of the tax impacts can be found in the Appendix; a condensed sampling of generated taxes for Models HE-3 and LE-2 is presented below in Table 4.8.

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Table 4.8 – Projected Tax Impacts

TAX TYPE HE-3 LE-2 (maximum) (minimum) Corporate Profits Tax $53,868 $7,282 Personal Household Taxes $2,183,640 $277,515 Social Insurance Tax $162,672 $20,677 Tax on Production and Imports $16,468,822 $2,169,338

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CHAPTER FIVE:

PART 2 – BUILD-OUT SCENARIO PRODUCTION

Scenario Parameters

This chapter provides a detailed explanation of the process behind the production of build-out scenarios for each of the eight models produced in Part 1. The mission of Part 2 was to calculate how increased employment translated into an additional (re)development area, for each of the eight impact models. Setting up this process entailed the collection of various parameters, all of which were essentially estimates, in order to calculate the estimated additional acreage of development that would result from additional employment. This acreage is also split individually among the four tourism sectors. Parameter results are displayed in Table 5.1 on the following page.

One parameter obtained is the amount of employment for each of the tourism sectors, as was recorded as current in the year 2012. These numbers are an essential component of the

IMPLAN 2012 Dataset, and were easily retrieved for each tourism sector.

A second parameter obtained is the current establishment total for each of the tourism sectors. Though initial inquiry on these numbers was sent to local sources such as the Warren

County Economic Development Department and the Warren County Convention and Visitors

Bureau, the final source for these figures was the U.S. Census Bureau’s County Business

Patterns (CBP) dataset, a product of the 2012 Economic Census. Estimated establishment totals retrieved from the Census CBP dataset closely resembled the estimates that could be provided by

Warren County sources, indicating fairly good accuracy from the Census Bureau. The 2012 Moore 54 employment figures were then divided by the 2012 establishment totals, across all four tourism sectors, to create employee-to-establishment ratios for each tourism sector.

A third and final parameter obtained is the average area of each establishment type, in acres. These values are derived from the Warren County Auditor’s GIS parcel dataset, which included an acreage data field. Parcels were sorted as closely as possible among the four establishment sectors (Hotels/Motels, Restaurants, Retail Shops, Arts/Entertainment Businesses), and then an average acreage per property was calculated. For shopping center properties, it is assumed that a third of each shopping center comprised restaurants, and two thirds comprised retail shops. In addition, because Arts/Entertainment properties vary significantly in terms of use and acreage (for example, large golf courses vs. small art galleries), the average acreage for these properties was borrowed from the Retail Shops sector; this decision is based on the assumption that such businesses would more or less fit within the same size parameters as retail stores.

Table 5.1 – Build-Out Scenario Parameters

Hotels/Motels Restaurants Retail Shops Arts/Entertainment PARAMETER Sector Sector Sector Sector

Current Employment 699 8067 6799 4429 (2012)* Current Establishment 42 303 284 73 Total (2012)** Employee-to- Establishment 16.64285714 26.62376238 23.94014085 60.67123288 Ratio

Average Establishment 4.185 1.168 2.847 2.847 Area (acres)***

*Source: IMPLAN 2012 Dataset **Source: U.S. Census Bureau 2012 Economic Census – County Business Patterns ***Source: Warren County Auditor GIS Parcel Dataset Moore 55

Scenario Assumptions

Build-out scenario production is grounded on a set of several assumptions. First, the scenarios assume that all additional employment will be distributed to entirely new businesses, which will spawn within the County as the result of increased demand brought about by Fort

Ancient’s inscription. It does not take into account existing establishments hiring additional workers to meet increased demand (for instance, a sit-down restaurant near Fort Ancient hiring more waiters/waitresses and kitchen cooks to keep up with increased customer traffic). Secondly, the scenarios assume that new establishments in each of the four tourism sectors will maintain the same average size, despite their location. For instance, the scenarios do not take into account the fact that the footprint of establishments may be smaller within denser downtown districts than along suburban or exurban corridors. For example, a new hotel on a suburban corridor will take up just as much room as a new hotel in a downtown district. Finally, the scenarios assume that all new development will occur within the boundaries of Warren County.

However, the build-out scenarios do take into account that new establishments may occupy any existing commercial site, whether it is undeveloped (e.g. a vacant greenfield site zoned for commercial use) or developed (e.g. a vacant commercial structure with a parking lot).

This allows for the possibility of either brand new development or redevelopment/rehabilitation of commercial sites in each scenario.

Scenario Production Results

The production of eight build-out scenarios – one for each of the eight impact models – followed a fairly simple calculation process. Projected additional employment for each of the tourism sectors, one of the outputs from Part 1, was used as the key input in the calculation of Moore 56 new development acreages. The employment projections were divided by corresponding employee-to-establishment ratios to arrive at a total projection for the number of additional establishments. These numbers were then rounded to the nearest integer, and then multiplied by the corresponding average establishment area parameter. This calculation resulted in a projected additional establishment area, in acres, for each tourism sector. The four establishment areas were then summed to determine the total development acreage that would result from each scenario, hereafter referred to as the new development area (NDA). The resulting NDA values are presented below, by scenario/model, in Table 5.2. These numbers are the basis for the visualization of all eight scenarios within Part 3 of the research framework, which follows in

Chapter 6. Detailed production results for Models HE-3 and LE-2 are also given in Table 5.3 on the following page.

Table 5.2 – New Development Areas by Scenario

MODEL/SCENARIO New Development Area (NDA)

HE-1 113 acres

HE-2 62 acres

HE-3 224 acres

HE-4 123 acres

LE-1 57 acres

LE-2 31 acres

LE-3 112 acres

LE-4 62 acres

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Table 5.3 – Detailed Build-Out Scenario Production Results for Models HE-3 and LE-2

Hotels/Motels Restaurants Retail Shops Arts/Entertainment VALUE Sector Sector Sector Sector

Projected Additional 368 938 584 442

Employment

3 3 -

E Projected Additional 22.1116 35.2317 24.3942 7.2852 H Establishments Projected Additional Establishments 22 35 24 7

(rounded) MODEL MODEL Projected 92.54 acres 41.15 acres 69.46 acres 20.743 acres Establishment Area Projected Additional 61 101 73 55

Employment

2 - Projected Additional 3.6652 3.7936 3.0493 0.9065 Establishments Projected Additional Establishments 4 4 3 1

(rounded) MODEL LE MODEL Projected 15.34 acres 4.43 acres 8.68 acres 2.58 acres Establishment Area

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CHAPTER SIX:

PART 3 – BUILD-OUT SCENARIO VISUALIZATION

Commercial Clusters

As the final stage of the research framework, Part 3 involves the graphic visualization of each of the eight build-out scenarios. In order to determine where each scenario’s new development area (NDA) could be allocated, suitable areas for such development had to be identified. All development that could result from the four tourism sectors is of a commercial nature, so the mission became the identification and delineation of clusters of commercial activity and use within Warren County. The initial process of cluster formation would later help facilitate the creation of allocation scenarios, better referred to in this thesis as visualization scenarios, which differ from the original build-out scenarios. Each of the eight visualization scenarios produced in Part 3 has the ability to correspond with any of the eight build-out scenarios produced in Part 2. This idea will be further explained in the next section on the visualization procedure.

Initial commercial clusters were created for Warren County by dissolving all properties of a commercial land use (derived from the County Auditor parcel dataset) with all commercially-zoned land in all jurisdictions within the County (derived from GIS shapefiles for each jurisdiction with zoning authority). Mixed-use zoning districts under the Warren County

Zoning Code (MXU-C and MXU-N) were also included as commercially-zoned land within the dissolve.

Since development of all four tourism sectors was lumped together (the NDAs), and each commercial zone within the County allows at least one of the land use types associated with the Moore 59 four tourism sectors, no exclusion of any commercial zone category was necessary. For instance, even if hotels were only allowed in a B-2 zone within a given community, because retail shops are allowed in all commercial zones under the community’s zoning code (say B-1, B-2, and B-3 for example), the potential area for development or redevelopment of any tourism sector would still encompass the entire area zoned as B-1, B-2, or B-3 in the given community; there would be no need to exclude the B-1 and B-3 zones simply because hotels are only allowed by-right in a

B-2 district.

Following the creation of the initial commercial clusters, the actual final clusters were delineated based on the author’s personal knowledge and cognitive perception of definitive commercial districts/places which maintain a common theme or character. For instance, tiny business districts in small villages or hamlets (such as Red Lion, Harveysburg, or Deerfield

Station in South Lebanon) were preserved as final clusters for the visualization analysis, given the historic nature of these locations. However, single properties or even a collection of properties located in remote rural areas, which may have comprised larger land acreages than some of the tiny business district clusters, may not have been preserved as final clusters. In addition, in many regions of the County, commercial zones did not include right-of-ways; therefore, these cluster shapes were generalized (by filling in right-of-ways) so that they could be more easily identified on a small scale map displaying the entire County. In Map 6.1 on the following page, final clusters are shown along with any remaining initial commercial clusters

(referred to as scattered sites). There is also a unique color identifying the combined area of the

Kings Island Amusement Park & Great Wolf Lodge properties, which are considered unique anomalies when compared with all other commercial properties. Both the scattered sites and the

Kings Island/Great Wolf Lodge area were excluded from the visualization analysis. Each final Moore 60

Map 6.1: Commercial Clusters

cluster was given a name; names were chosen that most closely reflected how the area is (or would be) identified today. For instance, the main commercial node in Hamilton Township is known to local residents as Hoptown; in another example, the mixed-use districts in the western portion of the County are known as the Park District and the Garden District, names chosen based on suggestions for district names made in the “Gateway Plan.” Map 6.2 on the following page displays each of the 35 final clusters in a unique color, with associated names given in the legend to the right. Each final commercial cluster was also given a number. Map 6.3 on page 56 Moore 61 breaks down the final clusters into four distinct categories: (1) Central-business district (CBD) clusters, which are the historic downtown districts of Warren County communities; (2) Corridor clusters, which follow a linear pattern of development along a major route; (3) Interchange clusters, which are characterized by agglomerated development around a given highway exit; and (4) Area clusters, which are swaths of commercial land that do not have a definitive association with a corridor or interchange, yet are still significant to the analysis. Each of these commercial cluster categories represents one of four common patterns residents and visitors experience when exploring Warren County, and was especially important to the formation of the eight visualization scenarios discussed in following sections.

Map 6.2: Clusters by Name

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Map 6.3: Clusters by Category

Visualization Procedure and Interpretation

Visualization scenarios showing the dispersal and pattern of new development within

Warren County are based on the idea that each scenario created would deviate from a pattern of normalized, even dispersion among the various clusters. In other words, the base scenario assumes that the percentage of (re)development that occurs in one specific commercial cluster will be relative to that cluster’s acreage as a percentage of the County’s total cluster acreage. The

Downtown Lebanon CBD cluster, for example, covers roughly 75 acres of land and represents Moore 63

0.5 percent of all land within the County’s commercial clusters. Therefore, the base scenario predicts that 0.5 percent of the new development area (NDA) coming to the County will happen within Downtown Lebanon. To illustrate further, if the NDA in a given scenario was 150 acres, this would mean that 0.75 acres is predicted to appear in the Downtown Lebanon CBD.

Furthermore, these base scenario assumptions indicate that the scaling of clusters is relative, no matter if they represent actual acreage or development acreage.

The largest NDA value calculated from Part 2 is 224 acres, from Model HE-3. This

NDA, though representing a significant change, could not be accurately reflected on a map scaled to fit the entire County and still maintain sufficient readability. In other words, the dispersed areas would be too small to distinguish resulting patterns. Therefore, cartograms were produced using the Gastner-Newman method to visualize different scenarios of new development taking shape within the County. A cartogram is a type of mapping analysis where

“statistical information is shown in diagrammatic form,” with the most common examples being population size and GDP (Oxford Dictionaries 2015). An example of a cartogram is provided below in Figure 6.1, which displays the area of U.S. states as a function of the number of electoral votes per state; states with lots of electoral votes (such as California) appear larger on the map, while states with few electoral votes (such as Wyoming) appear smaller.

Figure 6.1: Cartogram Example

Source: http://stko.geog.ucsb.edu/node/11

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This same technique of the cartogram was then applied to the business clusters of Warren

County. All visualization scenario maps are directly comparable to Map 6.3, which represents not only the real boundaries of commercial clusters on the landscape, but also represents the diagrammatical dispersion of new development under the base scenario. In other words, the shapes and sizes of clusters are still relative to one another; no matter if together they represent a total of 15,202 actual acres, or 150 acres of anticipated new commercial development. However, the resulting cluster shapes are much more indicative of an influx of visitor attention and spending, as well as business generation or revival, rather than the NDA acres themselves.

Actual NDA acres for each cluster should not be interpreted literally. Accepting revenue generation as the key aspect of the NDA is essential to understanding the visualizations. Table

6.1 below provides key sums resulting from the base scenario, while Table 6.2 on the following page provides a detailed picture of the calculations behind the base scenario.

Table 6.1: Base Scenario Results by Category

Area Share of Sum Area Share of Category CATEGORY (acres) (%) (%) All Clusters 15,201.51 100 400 All Area Clusters 6,190.17 40.72 100 All CBD Clusters 446.06 2.93 100 All Corridor Clusters 2,871.44 18.89 100 All Interchange Clusters 5,693.85 37.46 100

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Table 6.2: Base Scenario Results by Cluster Area Share of Sum Area Share of Category CLUSTER Category (acres) (%) (%) 1 Corridor 325.26 2.14 11.33 2 Corridor 290.85 1.91 10.13 3 Interchange 538.65 3.54 9.46 4 CBD 20.01 0.13 4.49 5 CBD 42.67 0.28 9.56 6 CBD 4.71 0.03 1.06 7 CBD 74.87 0.49 16.79 8 CBD 12.48 0.08 2.80 9 CBD 59.73 0.39 13.39 10 CBD 57.61 0.38 12.91 11 CBD 24.13 0.16 5.41 12 CBD 138.41 0.91 31.03 13 Corridor 196.88 1.30 6.86 14 Corridor 591.08 3.89 20.58 15 Corridor 73.48 0.48 2.56 16 Interchange 1,543.14 10.15 27.10 17 Area 1,458.70 9.60 23.56 18 Interchange 156.63 1.03 2.75 19 Area 2,614.28 14.24 34.96 20 Corridor 236.36 1.55 8.23 21 Interchange 910.21 5.99 15.99 22 Corridor 270.15 1.78 9.41 23 Corridor 135.06 0.89 4.70 24 Interchange 427.66 2.81 7.51 25 Corridor 205.41 1.35 7.15 26 Area 2,380.05 15.66 38.45 27 Corridor 423.45 2.79 14.75 28 CBD 11.43 0.08 2.56 29 Interchange 314.62 2.81 5.53 30 Interchange 623.38 4.10 10.95 31 Interchange 120.78 0.79 2.12 32 Area 187.14 1.23 3.02 33 Corridor 123.46 0.81 4.30 34 Interchange 244.21 1.61 4.29 35 Interchange 814.57 5.36 14.31

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Another important figure in the visualization procedure is the scale factor, which is calculated by dividing the anticipated acreage for each cluster category in a given build-out scenario by the predicted acreage of the base visualization scenario. For example, if the NDA for a given build-out scenario is 150 acres, and the visualization scenario calls for 20 percent of the

NDA to be allocated to CBD clusters, then the scale factor would be: (150 acres x 20%) ÷ (150 acres x 2.93%), which becomes (30) ÷ (4.395), which is equal to 6.8259. The scale factor was then multiplied by the real area of each cluster. Known as the scale size, this was the value used to produce each cartogram shown for the eight visualization scenarios presented.

Scenario Ranking

The next eight sections are each devoted to a specific visualization scenario, entailing a unique pattern, or dispersal, of development. As previously elaborated, the growth and shrinkage of individual commercial clusters in each scenario map should be interpreted as an outcome of a deliberate decision to target economic development in certain areas. Such a future decision, the likely result of collaboration between business interests and the public sector, is still not the only impetus for economic development. Not only will proprietors, entrepreneurs, and elected officials have an influence on a decision for future development, but also those who will be consuming and partaking in new businesses and activities. Many of these individuals, identified as avid visitors in Part 1, will have preferences distinctly different from typical mass-consumers.

As discussed in the Literature Review, these visitors are primarily interested in activities and attractions structured around cultural heritage, not unauthentic and homogenized experiences

(national chains, fast food, etc.). Therefore, the following visualization scenarios are presented in order from the least conducive to heritage tourists, to most conducive to heritage tourists. Moore 67

Interchange Exhaustive Scenario

The Interchange Exhaustive Scenario assumes that that Interchange commercial clusters will receive the entirety of the NDA for each build-out scenario. This scenario represents the strongest direction toward highway-centric development, with new tourist amenities and facilities constructed around highway exits. Interchange clusters would see more than two and a half times more development than under the base scenario.

If this pattern of development is followed, the attraction-rich Ohio 63 interchange in

Monroe may serve as a model for other I-71Interchange clusters to follow. However, no significant development changes would occur in historic downtown CBDs or even along any new or aging suburban retail corridors. Interchanges along both I-71 and I-75 are affected in this scenario, including: the Route 123 interchange with I-75 in Franklin, the Route 122 interchange in Middletown, the Monroe interchange, the Fields-Ertel/Mason-Montgomery Road interchange in Deerfield Township, the Western Row interchange, the Kings Mills Road interchange in

Mason, the Route 48 interchange in South Lebanon, the Route 123 interchange with I-71 in

Turtlecreek Township, and the Wilmington Road interchange in Washington Township.

This scenario is the least conducive to creating an enhanced set of destinations which appeals to cultural heritage tourists. Most interchanges have not been developed in a manner that creates a sense of place, nor are there many authentic or cultural attractions in these areas.

Interchange development is generally suburban and auto-centric in character, and this trend is likely to continue should market pressure dictate new development. Automobiles are also the primary mode of travel in this scenario, with the Interstate highways anchoring development. By constricting travelers to the highway corridors and adjacent areas, chances for intervening opportunities or spur-of-the-moment sightseeing are greatly reduced. Moore 68

M ap 6.4: Interchange Exhaustive Scenario

.

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Table 6.3: Interchange Exhaustive Scenario by Cluster NDA (acres) Area CLUSTER Category Scale Factor HE-3 LE-2 (acres) 1 Corridor 325.26 0 0 0 2 Corridor 290.85 0 0 0 3 Interchange 538.65 2.669813 21.19 2.93 4 CBD 20.01 0 0 0 5 CBD 42.67 0 0 0 6 CBD 4.71 0 0 0 7 CBD 74.87 0 0 0 8 CBD 12.48 0 0 0 9 CBD 59.73 0 0 0 10 CBD 57.61 0 0 0 11 CBD 24.13 0 0 0 12 CBD 138.41 0 0 0 13 Corridor 196.88 0 0 0 14 Corridor 591.08 0 0 0 15 Corridor 73.48 0 0 0 16 Interchange 1,543.14 2.669813 60.71 8.40 17 Area 1,458.70 0 0 0 18 Interchange 156.63 2.669813 6.16 0.85 19 Area 2,614.28 0 0 0 20 Corridor 236.36 0 0 0 21 Interchange 910.21 2.669813 35.81 4.96 22 Corridor 270.15 0 0 0 23 Corridor 135.06 0 0 0 24 Interchange 427.66 2.669813 16.82 2.33 25 Corridor 205.41 0 0 0 26 Area 2,380.05 0 0 0 27 Corridor 423.45 0 0 0 28 CBD 11.43 0 0 0 29 Interchange 314.62 2.669813 12.38 1.71 30 Interchange 623.38 2.669813 24.52 3.39 31 Interchange 120.78 2.669813 4.75 0.66 32 Area 187.14 0 0 0 33 Corridor 123.46 0 0 0 34 Interchange 244.21 2.669813 9.61 1.33 35 Interchange 814.57 2.669813 32.05 4.43

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I-71 Proximity Scenario

The I-71 Proximity Scenario assumes that only the clusters within a 1-mile radius of

Interstate 71 will experience development impacts. This scenario represents a highway-centric pattern of development, where new hotels, restaurants, stores, and activities take place near highway exits. This scenario allocates development growth to most of the Interchange clusters within the County, particularly those associated with the Mason, Lebanon, and Washington

Township communities, as well as the Landen Corridor cluster located along US 22 & Ohio 3 in

Deerfield Township. All impacted clusters within 1 mile of I-71 would see close to three and a half times more development than they would normally see under the base scenario.

This scenario is only slightly better than the interchange exhaustive scenario, because some attention is given to the US 22/OH 3 corridor, which connects northward to Fort Ancient and other destinations along the Little Miami River. Still, very few existing cultural amenities are included in the areas experiencing economic change in this scenario. Most of these areas are near interchanges, and the character is either suburban (built) or rural (greenfield). The Wilmington

Road interchange currently provides access to the I-71 freeway for local residences and farming operations. Intense change around this interchange would negatively alter visitors’ experience of entering Fort Ancient, which is less than five minutes away. Heritage tourists will likely not be interested in new opportunities which arise at Wilmington Road or any of the other interchanges, so long as the current pattern of development continues.

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Map 6.5: I-71 Proximity Scenario

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Table 6.4: I-71 Proximity Scenario by Cluster NDA (acres) Area CLUSTER Category Scale Factor HE-3 LE-2 (acres) 1 Corridor 325.26 0 0 0 2 Corridor 290.85 0 0 0 3 Interchange 538.65 3.432031 24.65 3.41 4 CBD 20.01 0 0 0 5 CBD 42.67 0 0 0 6 CBD 4.71 0 0 0 7 CBD 74.87 0 0 0 8 CBD 12.48 0 0 0 9 CBD 59.73 0 0 0 10 CBD 57.61 0 0 0 11 CBD 24.13 0 0 0 12 CBD 138.41 0 0 0 13 Corridor 196.88 0 0 0 14 Corridor 591.08 0 0 0 15 Corridor 73.48 0 0 0 16 Interchange 1,543.14 3.432031 69.02 9.55 17 Area 1,458.70 0 0 0 18 Interchange 156.63 0 0 0 19 Area 2,614.28 0 0 0 20 Corridor 236.36 0 0 0 21 Interchange 910.21 3.432031 45.93 6.36 22 Corridor 270.15 3.432031 8.83 1.22 23 Corridor 135.06 0 0 0 24 Interchange 427.66 0 0 0 25 Corridor 205.41 0 0 0 26 Area 2,380.05 0 0 0 27 Corridor 423.45 0 0 0 28 CBD 11.43 0 0 0 29 Interchange 314.62 3.432031 15.91 2.20 30 Interchange 623.38 0 0 0 31 Interchange 120.78 3.432031 6.11 0.85 32 Area 187.14 0 0 0 33 Corridor 123.46 0 0 0 34 Interchange 244.21 3.432031 12.35 1.71 35 Interchange 814.57 3.432031 41.19 5.70

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Interchange/Corridor Split Scenario

The Interchange/Corridor Split Scenario assumes that only the Interchange and Corridor clusters will receive additional development impacts. This scenario represents a suburban- oriented development pattern that could occur, with no NDAs allocated to CBD or remote Area clusters. Interchange clusters would see more than two and a half times more development than the base scenario, and Corridor clusters would see a third more development. The Fields

Ertel/Mason-Montgomery Interchange, Eastern Morrow Corridor, and Wilmington Road

Interchange clusters would likely encounter the largest development impacts as new tourist amenities and facilities are constructed. Aging retail corridors could see some revival as a result.

This type of scenario is likely to occur, should there be no prior intervention or planning- related effort. Destinations in the affected clusters are generally not authentic, cultural activities which would attract the attention of cultural heritage tourists visiting Fort Ancient. However, what this scenario does begin to achieve is some connectivity between clusters; by having development occur in multiple locations linked by US, State, and local roadways, high interest corridors can result which help guide tourists from place to place and destination to destination.

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M ap 6.6: Interchange/Corridor Split Scenario

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Table 6.5: Interchange/Corridor Split by Cluster NDA (acres) Area CLUSTER Category Scale Factor HE-3 LE-2 (acres) 1 Corridor 325.26 2.647023 12.69 1.76 2 Corridor 290.85 2.647023 11.34 1.57 3 Interchange 538.65 1.334906 10.60 1.47 4 CBD 20.01 0 0 0 5 CBD 42.67 0 0 0 6 CBD 4.71 0 0 0 7 CBD 74.87 0 0 0 8 CBD 12.48 0 0 0 9 CBD 59.73 0 0 0 10 CBD 57.61 0 0 0 11 CBD 24.13 0 0 0 12 CBD 138.41 0 0 0 13 Corridor 196.88 2.647023 7.68 1.06 14 Corridor 591.08 2.647023 23.06 3.19 15 Corridor 73.48 2.647023 2.87 0.40 16 Interchange 1,543.14 1.334906 30.35 4.20 17 Area 1,458.70 0 0 0 18 Interchange 156.63 1.334906 3.08 0.43 19 Area 2,614.28 0 0 0 20 Corridor 236.36 2.647023 9.22 1.28 21 Interchange 910.21 1.334906 17.90 2.48 22 Corridor 270.15 2.647023 10.54 1.46 23 Corridor 135.06 2.647023 5.27 0.73 24 Interchange 427.66 1.334906 8.41 1.16 25 Corridor 205.41 2.647023 8.01 1.11 26 Area 2,380.05 0 0 0 27 Corridor 423.45 2.647023 16.52 2.29 28 CBD 11.43 0 0 0 29 Interchange 314.62 1.334906 6.19 0.86 30 Interchange 623.38 1.334906 12.26 1.70 31 Interchange 120.78 1.334906 2.38 0.33 32 Area 187.14 0 0 0 33 Corridor 123.46 2.647023 4.82 0.67 34 Interchange 244.21 1.334906 4.80 0.66 35 Interchange 814.57 1.334906 16.02 2.22

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Fort Ancient Proximity Scenario

The Fort Ancient Proximity Scenario assumes that only the clusters within a 5-mile radius of Fort Ancient will experience development impacts. This scenario entails significant impacts to a wider variety of cluster categories than the I-71 Proximity Scenario, impacting

Downtown Morrow and the nearby US 22/Ohio 3 corridors, the US 42 and Ohio 123 corridors east of Lebanon, and the Ohio 123 interchange with I-71. The most significant impact would be felt at the Wilmington Road interchange with I-71, less than 3 miles north of Fort Ancient. Much of the property near the interchange, consisting of greenfield sites, is owned by the University of

Cincinnati. Greater connectivity with the Morrow community would also result from this pattern.

This scenario comprises both positive and negative outcomes for cultural heritage tourists. While Downtown Morrow receives increased attention and rehabilitation (more than 7 times as much as the base scenario), the Wilmington Road interchange and the US 22/OH 3 corridor east and west of Morrow both receive tremendous amounts of development and revenue generation. This pattern would more than likely put a strain on services and utilities, and significantly alter the character of these areas, probably for the worse. Suburbanization along the corridors of Lebanon and Morrow, and at the Wilmington Road interchange, would be detrimental to existing economic, natural, and social environments and also detrimental to visitors’ experience of the County.

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Map 6.7: Fort Ancient Proximity Scenario

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Table 6.6: Fort Ancient Proximity Scenario by Cluster NDA (acres) Area CLUSTER Category Scale Factor HE-3 LE-2 (acres) 1 Corridor 325.26 0 0 0 2 Corridor 290.85 7.245181 22.31 3.09 3 Interchange 538.65 7.245181 9.54 1.32 4 CBD 20.01 0 0 0 5 CBD 42.67 0 0 0 6 CBD 4.71 0 0 0 7 CBD 74.87 0 0 0 8 CBD 12.48 0 0 0 9 CBD 59.73 0 0 0 10 CBD 57.61 7.245181 6.15 0.85 11 CBD 24.13 0 0 0 12 CBD 138.41 0 0 0 13 Corridor 196.88 0 0 0 14 Corridor 591.08 7.245181 63.10 8.73 15 Corridor 73.48 0 0 0 16 Interchange 1,543.14 0 0 0 17 Area 1,458.70 0 0 0 18 Interchange 156.63 0 0 0 19 Area 2,614.28 0 0 0 20 Corridor 236.36 0 0 0 21 Interchange 910.21 0 0 0 22 Corridor 270.15 0 0 0 23 Corridor 135.06 7.245181 9.85 1.36 24 Interchange 427.66 0 0 0 25 Corridor 205.41 0 0 0 26 Area 2,380.05 0 0 0 27 Corridor 423.45 0 0 0 28 CBD 11.43 0 0 0 29 Interchange 314.62 0 0 0 30 Interchange 623.38 0 0 0 31 Interchange 120.78 7.245181 12.89 1.78 32 Area 187.14 0 0 0 33 Corridor 123.46 7.245181 13.18 1.82 34 Interchange 244.21 0 0 0 35 Interchange 814.57 7.245181 86.96 12.04

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Interchange Priority Scenario

The Interchange Priority Scenario assumes that Interchange clusters will receive 70 percent of the total NDAs for each of the eight build-out scenarios, while the remaining 30 percent is split equally among the remaining cluster categories. This scenario represents a strong direction toward highway-centric development, though it still allows for reasonable development along Corridors and in outlying Areas. Interestingly, CBDs would also benefit by receiving almost two times as much development as they would normally receive under the base scenario.

Interchange clusters would see the greatest amount of impacts, with more than three times as much development occurring when compared to the base scenario NDA allocations.

This scenario moves away from the geographic determinations of past scenarios, in favor of a more dispersed pattern of increased tourism development. Despite 70 percent of development pressures being directed to interchange locations, CBD locations still receive 3.4 times more NDA than the base scenario. In planning for future tourists’ arrival, this scenario represents the least conducive outcome which still caters to cultural heritage tourists, albeit very little. Availability also begins to open up in area clusters, such as the mixed use districts in the western part of the County, though nowhere near as close to base scenario outcomes.

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Map 6.8: Interchange Priority Scenario

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Table 6.7: Interchange Priority Scenario by Cluster NDA (acres) Area CLUSTER Category Scale Factor HE-3 LE-2 (acres) 1 Corridor 325.26 0.529405 2.54 0.35 2 Corridor 290.85 0.529405 2.27 0.31 3 Interchange 538.65 1.868869 14.83 2.05 4 CBD 20.01 3.407938 1.01 0.14 5 CBD 42.67 3.407938 2.14 0.30 6 CBD 4.71 3.407938 0.24 0.03 7 CBD 74.87 3.407938 3.76 0.52 8 CBD 12.48 3.407938 0.63 0.09 9 CBD 59.73 3.407938 3.00 0.42 10 CBD 57.61 3.407938 2.89 0.40 11 CBD 24.13 3.407938 1.21 0.17 12 CBD 138.41 3.407938 6.95 0.96 13 Corridor 196.88 0.529405 1.54 0.21 14 Corridor 591.08 0.529405 4.61 0.64 15 Corridor 73.48 0.529405 0.57 0.08 16 Interchange 1,543.14 1.868869 42.50 5.88 17 Area 1,458.70 0.245575 5.28 0.73 18 Interchange 156.63 1.868869 4.31 0.60 19 Area 2,614.28 0.245575 7.83 1.08 20 Corridor 236.36 0.529405 1.84 0.26 21 Interchange 910.21 1.868869 25.07 3.47 22 Corridor 270.15 0.529405 2.11 0.29 23 Corridor 135.06 0.529405 1.05 0.15 24 Interchange 427.66 1.868869 11.78 1.63 25 Corridor 205.41 0.529405 1.60 0.22 26 Area 2,380.05 0.245575 8.61 1.19 27 Corridor 423.45 0.529405 3.30 0.46 28 CBD 11.43 3.407938 0.57 0.08 29 Interchange 314.62 1.868869 8.66 1.20 30 Interchange 623.38 1.868869 17.17 2.38 31 Interchange 120.78 1.868869 3.33 0.46 32 Area 187.14 0.245575 0.68 0.09 33 Corridor 123.46 0.529405 0.96 0.13 34 Interchange 244.21 1.868869 6.73 0.93 35 Interchange 814.57 1.868869 22.43 3.10

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Even Dispersion Scenario

The Even Dispersion Scenario assumes that each cluster category receives a fourth (25 percent) of the total NDA in each build-out scenario. This scenario perhaps represents the best compromise that could be reached, showing a balance of development among the different cluster categories. This scenario still greatly benefits both CBD and Corridor clusters. As indicated by the scale factors, CBD clusters receive almost 9 times as much development as they would normally receive under the base scenario, while Corridors receive 1.32 times as much development. Interchanges and Areas would still receive more than half of the base scenario allocations, with scale factors of 0.667453 and 0.613938 respectively.

Cultural heritage visitors could be attracted to a number of different locations within this scenario, including all CBD districts and maybe even some corridor locations, especially those in rural settings. Potential bed-and-breakfast lodging could supplement conventional hotel developments, and new arts/entertainment, retail, and restaurant businesses may choose to locate in settings which possess a sense of place and offer much more than the common suburban outcomes. Such outcomes are still possible near interchanges under this scenario, though the impact felt in these locations is lessened.

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Map 6.9: Even Dispersion Scenario

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Table 6.8: Even Dispersion Scenario by Cluster NDA (acres) Area CLUSTER Category Scale Factor HE-3 LE-2 (acres) 1 Corridor 325.26 1.323511 6.34 0.88 2 Corridor 290.85 1.323511 5.67 0.79 3 Interchange 538.65 0.66753 5.30 0.73 4 CBD 20.01 8.519845 2.51 0.35 5 CBD 42.67 8.519845 5.36 0.74 6 CBD 4.71 8.519845 0.59 0.08 7 CBD 74.87 8.519845 9.40 1.30 8 CBD 12.48 8.519845 1.57 0.22 9 CBD 59.73 8.519845 7.50 1.04 10 CBD 57.61 8.519845 7.23 1.00 11 CBD 24.13 8.519845 3.03 0.42 12 CBD 138.41 8.519845 17.38 2.40 13 Corridor 196.88 1.323511 3.84 0.53 14 Corridor 591.08 1.323511 11.53 1.60 15 Corridor 73.48 1.323511 1.43 0.20 16 Interchange 1,543.14 0.66753 15.18 2.10 17 Area 1,458.70 0.613938 13.20 1.83 18 Interchange 156.63 0.66753 1.54 0.21 19 Area 2,614.28 0.613938 19.58 2.71 20 Corridor 236.36 1.323511 4.61 0.64 21 Interchange 910.21 0.66753 8.95 1.24 22 Corridor 270.15 1.323511 5.27 0.73 23 Corridor 135.06 1.323511 2.63 0.36 24 Interchange 427.66 0.66753 4.21 0.58 25 Corridor 205.41 1.323511 4.01 0.55 26 Area 2,380.05 0.613938 21.53 2.98 27 Corridor 423.45 1.323511 8.26 1.14 28 CBD 11.43 8.519845 1.44 0.20 29 Interchange 314.62 0.66753 3.09 0.43 30 Interchange 623.38 0.66753 6.13 0.85 31 Interchange 120.78 0.66753 1.19 0.16 32 Area 187.14 0.613938 1.69 0.23 33 Corridor 123.46 1.323511 2.41 0.33 34 Interchange 244.21 0.66753 2.40 0.33 35 Interchange 814.57 0.66753 8.01 1.11

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CBD Priority Scenario

The CBD Priority Scenario assumes that CBD clusters will receive 70 percent of the

NDA, while the remaining 30 percent is split equally among the remaining cluster categories.

This scenario perhaps represents a strong direction toward revitalization and rehabilitation of existing historic downtown districts, though it still allows for a reasonable amount of development to take place in areas of a suburban or rural character. This scenario greatly benefits

CBD clusters, which would receive more than 23 times as much development as they would normally receive under the base scenario. Under this scenario, Area and Interchange clusters receive a fourth of their base level NDAs, and Corridor clusters receive more than half.

This scenario is very conducive to the desires of heritage tourists, because intense focus is given to historic downtowns and villages in the County. The Village of Waynesville, in the northeastern part of the County, calls itself the “Antiques Capital of the Midwest” and is already a destination worthy of a cultural heritage tourist’s visit. Downtown Lebanon has many interesting boutiques and places to eat, as well as a station for the Lebanon-Mason-Morrow

(LM&M) Railroad; train rides run from April to October each year. Downtown Franklin, in the northwestern part of the County, is known for its numerous murals painted on the side of historic commercial buildings, and its unique setting along the Great Miami River has extreme potential to become a key destination for cultural heritage tourists. Destinations on rural routes between

CBDs can also be marketed as a part of this scenario, including places such as Caesar Creek

State Park, Pioneer Village, Valley Vineyards, Little Miami River Canoe Rental, Morgan’s

Canoe Rental, and Ozone Zipline Adventures at Camp Kern.

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Map 6.10: CBD Priority Scenario

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Table 6.9: CBD Priority Scenario by Cluster NDA (acres) Area CLUSTER Category Scale Factor HE-3 LE-2 (acres) 1 Corridor 325.26 0.529405 2.54 0.35 2 Corridor 290.85 0.529405 2.27 0.31 3 Interchange 538.65 0.266981 2.12 0.29 4 CBD 20.01 23.855566 7.04 0.97 5 CBD 42.67 23.855566 15.00 2.08 6 CBD 4.71 23.855566 1.66 0.23 7 CBD 74.87 23.855566 26.32 3.64 8 CBD 12.48 23.855566 4.39 0.61 9 CBD 59.73 23.855566 21.00 2.91 10 CBD 57.61 23.855566 20.25 2.80 11 CBD 24.13 23.855566 8.48 1.17 12 CBD 138.41 23.855566 48.66 6.73 13 Corridor 196.88 0.529405 1.54 0.21 14 Corridor 591.08 0.529405 4.61 0.64 15 Corridor 73.48 0.529405 0.57 0.08 16 Interchange 1,543.14 0.266981 6.07 0.84 17 Area 1,458.70 0.245575 5.28 0.73 18 Interchange 156.63 0.266981 0.62 0.09 19 Area 2,614.28 0.245575 7.83 1.08 20 Corridor 236.36 0.529405 1.84 0.26 21 Interchange 910.21 0.266981 3.58 0.50 22 Corridor 270.15 0.529405 2.11 0.29 23 Corridor 135.06 0.529405 1.05 0.15 24 Interchange 427.66 0.266981 1.68 0.23 25 Corridor 205.41 0.529405 1.60 0.22 26 Area 2,380.05 0.245575 8.61 1.19 27 Corridor 423.45 0.529405 3.30 0.46 28 CBD 11.43 23.855566 4.02 0.56 29 Interchange 314.62 0.266981 1.24 0.17 30 Interchange 623.38 0.266981 2.45 0.34 31 Interchange 120.78 0.266981 0.48 0.07 32 Area 187.14 0.245575 0.68 0.09 33 Corridor 123.46 0.529405 0.96 0.13 34 Interchange 244.21 0.266981 0.96 0.13 35 Interchange 814.57 0.266981 3.20 0.44 Moore 88

CBD Exhaustive Scenario

The CBD Exhaustive Scenario assumes that CBD clusters will receive the entirety of the

NDA for each build-out scenario. This scenario represents the strongest direction toward revitalization and rehabilitation of existing historic downtown districts, placing utmost priority on creating momentum in downtown areas and connecting tourist experiences with Fort Ancient.

This scenario greatly benefits CBD clusters, which would receive more than 34 times as much development as they would normally receive under the base scenario. Under this scenario, the

Morrow, Lebanon, and Waynesville CBDs would likely see the greatest levels of impact, while smaller historic places like Red Lion, Harveysburg, and Deerfield Station (South Lebanon) could also see changes.

This scenario is the most conducive to the appetites of cultural heritage tourists, who will be looking to encounter and experience the livelihood of unique local places. Under the CBD

Exhaustive Scenario, increased attention is brought to existing cultural assets, such as the Golden

Lamb (Ohio’s oldest hotel and restaurant still in operation) in Lebanon, or the ice cream parlor in

Morrow. By bringing attention to these communities, others may be inspired to capitalize on the opportunity and open up shops or restaurants within central downtown districts. Each CBD could take on its own style and flavor, and be promoted as part of a larger daytrip/excursion package marketed to incoming cultural heritage tourists.

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Map 6.11: CBD Exhaustive Scenario

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Table 6.10: CBD Exhaustive Scenario by Cluster NDA (acres) Area CLUSTER Category Scale Factor HE-3 LE-2 (acres) 1 Corridor 325.26 0 0 0 2 Corridor 290.85 0 0 0 3 Interchange 538.65 0 0 0 4 CBD 20.01 34.079380 10.05 1.39 5 CBD 42.67 34.079380 21.43 2.97 6 CBD 4.71 34.079380 2.37 0.33 7 CBD 74.87 34.079380 37.60 5.20 8 CBD 12.48 34.079380 6.27 0.87 9 CBD 59.73 34.079380 30.00 4.15 10 CBD 57.61 34.079380 28.93 4.00 11 CBD 24.13 34.079380 12.12 1.68 12 CBD 138.41 34.079380 69.51 9.62 13 Corridor 196.88 0 0 0 14 Corridor 591.08 0 0 0 15 Corridor 73.48 0 0 0 16 Interchange 1,543.14 0 0 0 17 Area 1,458.70 0 0 0 18 Interchange 156.63 0 0 0 19 Area 2,614.28 0 0 0 20 Corridor 236.36 0 0 0 21 Interchange 910.21 0 0 0 22 Corridor 270.15 0 0 0 23 Corridor 135.06 0 0 0 24 Interchange 427.66 0 0 0 25 Corridor 205.41 0 0 0 26 Area 2,380.05 0 0 0 27 Corridor 423.45 0 0 0 28 CBD 11.43 34.079380 5.74 0.79 29 Interchange 314.62 0 0 0 30 Interchange 623.38 0 0 0 31 Interchange 120.78 0 0 0 32 Area 187.14 0 0 0 33 Corridor 123.46 0 0 0 34 Interchange 244.21 0 0 0 35 Interchange 814.57 0 0 0

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CHAPTER SEVEN:

CONCLUSION

Heritage Tourism Communities

Each of the eight visualization scenarios produced in Part 3 portrays a unique pattern of potential experiences for heritage tourists visiting Fort Ancient, and Warren County, in the near future. These scenarios, accompanied by the projections of the eight build-out models, could help guide stakeholders’ decisions on what the future vision should be for the County as a whole. The community, made up of local elected officials, residents, business owners, developers, and planners, will ultimately decide which pattern should be pursued. Consequently, opportunities for public participation will allow a clear voice to be heard by investors and bankers, who may feel more confident providing funding or loans to projects which support a clear vision chosen by stakeholders. The hope of this thesis project is that the community will choose a vision which not only exemplifies an environment found desirable by incoming heritage tourists, but also does not innately compromise the ability of local residents to remain comfortably within their own communities.

Warren County is well equipped to become a prominent destination for heritage enthusiasts, provided the community mitigates any potential negative impacts of Fort Ancient’s

World Heritage designation and embraces opportunities to enrich and better connect experiences within the County and the region. Though some negative impacts are usually inevitable, and positive economic benefits are often clearly observed, going the extra mile toward a “carefully- planned, well-organized tourist destination can benefit area residents by exposing them to a variety of ideas, people, languages, and other cultural traits” (Edgell 2006, p. 65). Enhancing Moore 92

Warren County as a popular destination for visitors should be about more than economic development alone. The County could adopt “creative placemaking” strategies to work toward

“livability” and “diversity” as complementary goals to economic development; investments and protections toward arts, culture, “public safety, community identity, environmental quality,…reliable transportation choices, and increased collaboration between civic, non-profit, and for-profit partners” will help strengthen the vitality of Warren County (Markusen and Gadwa

2010, p. 5). As addressed by Markusen and Gadwa (2010), successful creative placemaking sparks the public will (and maybe even some skepticism), and helps attract “private sector buy- in,” which is vastly important in implementing a vision (p. 5).

Stakeholders have many examples to reflect on when crafting a vision for the County.

The remainder of this chapter provides details on three WHS communities in the United States, which all represent status quo heritage tourism communities, and together may serve as a precedent for the outcomes of Fort Ancient’s inscription. Comparisons and suggestions are drawn from these communities as they relate to Fort Ancient.

Case Study: Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site Collinsville, Illinois

Encompassing 2,460 acres, the Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site located in

Collinsville, Illinois acquired a World Heritage designation in 1982 (UNESCO, n.d.; Edgell

2006, p. 67). The mounds are the remains of an ancient city inhabited between 700 and 1400

A.D., and considered to be “the most sophisticated prehistoric American Indian civilization north of Mexico” (Edgell 2006, p. 68). Today, the site includes a state-of-the-art Interpretative Center and offers guided walking tours as well as iPod tours o n a special app available (Cahokia Moore 93

Mounds State Historic Site 2008). Cahokia Mounds is also within a 15 minute drive to downtown St. Louis to the west, as shown in Figure 7.1 below.

Figure 7.1 – Location of The Cahokia Mounds

Source: http://cahokiamounds.org/visit/directions

Fantastic access to St. Louis from Cahokia Mounds means that visitors have access to other cultural and heritage-related amenities such as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial

(which includes the Gateway Arch and grounds) and Laclede’s Landing. However, Collinsville, a city of just over 25,000 residents according to the 2010 Census, also boasts numerous amenities for travelers. Less than 10 minutes away from the WHS are a multitude of hotels and restaurants, mainly clustered around the State Route 157 interchange with Interstate 55. There is also an interesting commercial strip in the city’s downtown district, though it does not appear to have much relationship or connectivity with experiences at Cahokia, as it mainly serves local needs. There is also a racetrack called Fairmount Park located directly to the east of the site

(TripAdvisor LLC 2015a). The Cahokia site itself, as shown in Figure 7.2, is enclosed by railroad lines to the west and north, a major roadway to the north, and a residential neighborhood Moore 94 called State Park Place to the east. It is clear from the aerial photography as well as street views that the environment surrounding Cahokia does not complement the experience, though these developments are understandable given the location’s proximity to a major city.

Figure 7.2 – Cahokia Site Vicinity

Source: Google

Case Study: Chaco Culture National Historical Park Farmington, New Mexico

Chaco Culture National Historical Park, a U.S. World Heritage site which contains a concentration of pre-Columbian pueblos “central to thousands of people between 850 and 1250

A.D.,” is located in the New Mexico desert between Albuquerque and Farmington (National

Park Service 2015). The property was designated as a WHS in 1987, and also “includes the

Aztec Ruins National Monument and several smaller Chaco sites managed by the Bureau of

Land Management” (UNESCO, n.d.).

Chaco is located 1 hour and 45 minutes away from Farmington, New Mexico, which is the closest urban center with a Census 2010 population of 45, 877. Serving as the commercial hub for the Four Corners region, Farmington lies at the heart of a wide range of scenic and cultural tourist attractions, as seen in Figure 7.3 (the star symbol indicates the location of the Moore 95 city). The Gateway Park Visitors Center, funded by the Farmington Convention and Visitors

Bureau, is located on the outskirts of Farmington and offers information on nearby tourism activities as well as traveling museum exhibits (Farmington Convention & Visitors Bureau

2014). Numerous hotels are located in the city, particularly on the eastern side in relatively suburban area along US Route 64, while restaurants of all different cuisine varieties can also be found both downtown and in outlying suburban areas (TripAdvisor LLC). As shown on the map below, Farmington is also within a 1 hour 15 minute drive time to Mesa Verde National Park, another WHS which is the focus of the next section.

Figure 7.3 – Four Corners Tourism Region

Source: Farmington Convention and Visitors Bureau

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Case Study: Mesa Verde National Park Cortez & Durango, Colorado

Mesa Verde National Park contains dwellings and structures built by the Ancestral

Puebloans around the same time as the structures in Chaco, from 550 to 1300 A.D. (Aramark

2015a). Many dwellings are located under cliffs, and largest and most famous of these is “Cliff

Palace” (shown in Figure 7.4), which “has over 150 individual rooms and more than 20 kivas

(rooms for religious rituals)” and is in remarkable condition having survived for over 700 years

(Aramark 2015b). In addition to cliff dwellings, “mesa top pueblos, farming terraces, towers,

[and] reservoirs” can also be explored when visiting Mesa Verde (Aramark 2015c). Lodging and

dining options are also offered inside the park, which include Far View Lodge, Morefield

Campground, the Metate Room Restaurant, and two other cafes (Aramark 2015a).

Figure 7.4 – Cliff Palace

Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com mons/3/35/MesaVerdeNationalParkCliffPal ace.jpg

Mesa Verde was the first site in the United States to be given World Heritage status, in

1978 (UNESCO, n.d.). The site is located within a 15 drive time of Cortez to the west and a 40

minute drive time of Durango to the east, both of which are located in Colorado. Each of these

communities has its own heritage, but it appears that both cater to the tourism market that is Moore 97 spread so widely throughout the region between the states of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. The Colorado Tourism Office identifies Cortez as “one of America’s richest archaeological centers, which lies between the entrance to world-famous Mesa Verde National

Park and the fascinating Ute Mountain Tribal Park” (Colorado Tourism Office 2015). The Cortez

Area Chamber of Commerce also emphasizes the importance of arts and culture to the area, where “traditions have continued and flourished as seen in beautiful Native American jewelry, rugs, pottery, [and] carvings” (Cortez Area Chamber of Commerce 2015). Durango, on the other hand, began as a frontier mining town and now draws in many tourists each year for activities such as skiing, biking, kayaking, hiking, camping, and rock climbing (TripAdvisor LLC 2015b).

A popular attraction is the Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad, a remnant of the

“Rocky Mountain railroad empire” which takes riders on an 8-hour journey through the San Juan

National Forest and other scenic areas (YlliB Inc. 2015). The creation of Mesa Verde National

Park also helped spur interest in the railroad and visiting the town in general (YlliB Inc. 2015).

Figure 7.5 – Downtown Durango

Source: http://timesharegame.com/wp- content/uploads/usa-co-durango-street.jpg

US Highway 160 connects both Cortez and Durango to Mesa Verde National Park.

Development of hotels, restaurants, and stores follows a more auto-centric and linear pattern along this highway within Cortez, while Durango features a much more walkable historic Moore 98 downtown with a concentration of hotels and restaurants, though these amenities can also be found scattered on the outskirts of town.

Expanding Heritage Tourists’ Experience of Warren County

The three heritage community case studies – Cahokia Mounds, Chaco Culture, and Mesa

Verde – where studied in an attempt to uncover an ideal or ‘realized’ tourism outcome which could be used as a model for Fort Ancient and Warren County. Unfortunately, examining these three World Heritage Sites and their corresponding communities ultimately raised more questions than it answered. An actual visit and concurrent observation would help in acquiring a strong and accurate sense of the structure and connectivity embedded within these locations, much more so than external research. Also, since Cahokia is really the only World Heritage example that resembles Fort Ancient’s position and heritage, broader research entailing a look at

National Heritage Areas (NHAs) may have led to more profound or useful conclusions. Given the nature of the Hopewell Ceremonial Earthworks as a serial nomination (made up of multiple sites), the NHAs may in fact be the closest precedents to follow in preparing an inter-connected and culturally-driven experience in Warren County and beyond.

Fort Ancient has the ability to serve as a catalyst for increased national and international attention to a connected network of tourism opportunities in Warren County, as Mesa Verde did for Durango for example. A web of destinations could effectively convey the story of the

County’s heritage, including not only the history of the Hopewell people at Fort Ancient but also other points in history, such as Shaker heritage or railroad transport. The natural and scenic beauty of the Little Miami River valley also serves as a foundation for further tourism development, including existing amenities such as the Morgan’s Canoe Rental, Valley Moore 99

Vineyards, and Ozone Zipline Adventures at Camp Kern. The Little Miami River Scenic Trail already connects many points of interest. In addition, greater connectivity is possible between

Fort Ancient and regional destinations such as downtown Cincinnati. This potential relates to

Cahokia Mounds’ position in proximity to downtown St. Louis, the only difference being a 40 minute instead of a 15 minute drive between the site and the downtown area.

With the exception of Durango, the other three heritage tourism communities discussed may offer other heritage attractions and experiences, but the development pattern is still very much suburban and auto-centric, either with hotel and restaurant chains lined along busy commercial corridors (Cortez and Farmington) or clustered around an interchange (Collinsville).

The geography of these areas may have played a part in their development character, as each is relatively flat and open when compared to the valley which constricts development within

Durango. Still, Warren County has a chance to adopt a style of development that can mimic or enhance the best parts of the existing heritage community precedents.

If the economic impacts predicted in this thesis do come to pass, at least some new development is bound to occur near interchanges and on greenfield sites; not all new establishments may be compatible in existing developed areas, including the CBDs of towns and villages. However, the build-out analysis shows that significant changes can happen in CBDs and other nodes of activity, so long as at least half of new projected development is guided away from interchanges. It is for this reason that the Even Dispersion Scenario produced in the research framework may in fact be the most logical compromise between CBD revitalization, new greenfield developments, and commercial corridor redevelopment. In any of these three commercial districts, regulations will need to be enacted which protect the aesthetics or charm of the area. Moore 100

This thesis also provides a foundation for a valuable resource tool to be re-utilized for any geographic place expecting economic changes related to World Heritage tourism or other major tourist draws. The research framework itself is designed to be customizable and expandable, based on additional data obtained (spending patterns, greater specificity for areas of growth, etc.), and can be influenced depending on user or community preferences (creation of new scenarios). Visuals produced showing potential build-out of new amenities can help to inspire stakeholders to pursue a valid direction for their community.

In the near future, stakeholders in Warren County have an opportunity to weigh in on what they feel is best for the community, embracing the bold, the moderate, or the conventional.

It is clear a World Heritage designation guarantees lots of visitors are coming on the horizon; the question now becomes: how do we want them to leave?

Moore 101

APPENDIX

Eight Impact Models: Employment Generated

MODEL Direct Indirect Induced Total

HE-1 1,125 138 107 1,369

HE-2 547 72 53 672

HE-3 2,203 272 210 2,685

HE-4 1,075 142 105 1,323

LE-1 562 69 54 685

LE-2 273 36 27 336

LE-3 1,101 136 105 1,343

LE-4 538 71 53 661

Eight Impact Models: Labor Income Generated

MODEL Direct Indirect Induced Total

HE-1 24,999,208 5,502,870 3,653,814 1,369

HE-2 12,370,841 2,863,704 1,824,961 672

HE-3 49,102,217 10,834,322 7,179,689 2,685

HE-4 24,383,203 5,658,840 3,598,747 1,323

LE-1 12,499,604 2,751,435 1,826,907 685

LE-2 6,185,421 1,431,852 912,481 336

LE-3 24,551,109 5,417,161 3,589,845 1,343

LE-4 12,191,601 2,829,420 1,799,373 661

Moore 102

Eight Impact Models: Value Added

MODEL Direct Indirect Induced Total

HE-1 72,800,001 14,664,097 11,396,349 98,860,446

HE-2 36,920,000 7,566,832 5,692,105 50,178,937

HE-3 143,000,001 28,852,263 22,393,659 194,245,923

HE-4 72,800,001 14,943,292 11,224,595 98,967,887

LE-1 36,400,000 7,332,048 5,698,174 49,430,223

LE-2 18,460,000 3,783,416 2,846,053 25,089,469

LE-3 71,500,001 14,426,131 11,196,830 97,122,962

LE-4 36,400,000 7,471,646 5,612,297 49,483,944

Eight Impact Models: Output

MODEL Direct Indirect Induced Total

HE-1 72,800,001 14,664,097 11,396,349 98,860,446

HE-2 36,920,000 7,566,832 5,692,105 50,178,937

HE-3 143,000,001 28,852,263 22,393,659 194,245,923

HE-4 72,800,001 14,943,292 11,224,595 98,967,887

LE-1 36,400,000 7,332,048 5,698,174 49,430,223

LE-2 18,460,000 3,783,416 2,846,053 25,089,469

LE-3 71,500,001 14,426,131 11,196,830 97,122,962

LE-4 36,400,000 7,471,646 5,612,297 49,483,944

Moore 103

Eight Impact Models: Resulting Employment

MODEL Hotel/Motel Restaurants Retail Shops Arts/Ent.

HE-1 184 492 292 221

HE-2 123 201 146 111

HE-3 368 938 584 442

HE-4 245 383 292 221

LE-1 92 246 146 111

LE-2 61 101 73 55

LE-3 184 469 292 221

LE-4 123 192 146 111

Eight Impact Models: Generated Taxes on Production and Imports

MODEL Sales Tax Property Tax Other Taxes Total

HE-1 3,974,823 3,451,963 920,432 8,347,218

HE-2 2,066,014 1,794,244 478,418 4,338,676

HE-3 7,842,212 6,810,624 1,815,986 16,468,822

HE-4 4,089,055 3,551,168 946,884 8,587,107

LE-1 1,987,411 1,725,982 460,216 4,173,609

LE-2 1,033,007 897,122 239,209 2,169,338

LE-3 3,921,106 3,405,312 907,993 8,234,411

LE-4 2,044,527 1,775,584 473,442 4,293,553

Moore 104

Eight Impact Models: Personal Household Taxes Generated

MODEL Income Tax Property Taxes Other Taxes Total

HE-1 902,777 14,022 194,453 1,111,252

HE-2 450,904 7,004 97,121 555,029

HE-3 1,773,982 27,554 382,104 2,183,640

HE-4 889,179 13,811 191,523 1,094,513

LE-1 451,389 7,011 97,226 555,626

LE-2 225,452 3,502 48,561 277,515

LE-3 886,991 13,777 191,052 1,091,820

LE-4 444,590 6,905 95,762 547,257

Eight Impact Models: Other Taxes Generated

MODEL Social Insurance Corporate Profits

HE-1 82,803 27,309

HE-2 41,353 14,563

HE-3 162,672 53,868

HE-4 81,533 28,827

LE-1 41,401 13,654

LE-2 20,677 7,282

LE-3 81,336 26,934

LE-4 40,766 14,414

Moore 105

Model HE-1: Build-Out Scenario Production

Entertainment VALUE Hotel/Motel Restaurants Retail Shops Businesses Current Employment 699 8067 6799 4429

Current Establishment Total 42 303 284 73

Employee-to-Establishment Ratio 16.64285714 26.62376238 23.94014085 60.67123288

Projected Additional Employment 184 492 292 221

Projected Additional Establishments 11.05579399 18.47973224 12.19708781 3.642582976

Projected Additional Establishments (rounded) 11.05579399 18.47973224 12.19708781 3.642582976

Average Establishment Area (acres) 4.18496 1.168 2.84736 2.84736

Projected Additional Establishment Area (acres) 46.26805562 21.58432726 34.72949994 10.37174506

Model HE-2: Build-Out Scenario Production

Entertainment VALUE Hotel/Motel Restaurants Retail Shops Businesses Current Employment 699 8067 6799 4429

Current Establishment Total 42 303 284 73

Employee-to-Establishment Ratio 16.64285714 26.62376238 23.94014085 60.67123288

Projected Additional Employment 123 201 146 111

Projected Additional Establishments 7.39055794 7.549646709 6.098543904 1.829532626

Projected Additional Establishments (rounded) 7.39055794 7.549646709 6.098543904 1.829532626

Average Establishment Area (acres) 4.18496 1.168 2.84736 2.84736

Projected Additional Establishment Area (acres) 30.92918936 8.817987356 17.36474997 5.209338018

Moore 106

Model HE-3: Build Out Scenario Production

Entertainment VALUE Hotel/Motel Restaurants Retail Shops Businesses Current Employment 699 8067 6799 4429

Current Establishment Total 42 303 284 73

Employee-to-Establishment Ratio 16.64285714 26.62376238 23.94014085 60.67123288

Projected Additional Employment 368 938 584 442

Projected Additional Establishments 22.11158798 35.23168464 24.39417561 7.285165952

Projected Additional Establishments (rounded) 22.11158798 35.23168464 24.39417561 7.285165952

Average Establishment Area (acres) 4.18496 1.168 2.84736 2.84736

Projected Additional Establishment Area (acres) 92.53611124 41.15060766 69.45899988 20.74349012

Model HE-4: Build Out Scenario Production

Entertainment VALUE Hotel/Motel Restaurants Retail Shops Businesses Current Employment 699 8067 6799 4429

Current Establishment Total 42 303 284 73

Employee-to-Establishment Ratio 16.64285714 26.62376238 23.94014085 60.67123288

Projected Additional Employment 245 383 291.9 221

Projected Additional Establishments 14.72103004 14.38564522 12.19291072 3.642582976

Projected Additional Establishments (rounded) 14.72103004 14.38564522 12.19291072 3.642582976

Average Establishment Area (acres) 4.18496 1.168 2.84736 2.84736

Projected Additional Establishment Area (acres) 61.60692189 16.80243362 34.71760627 10.37174506

Moore 107

Model LE-1: Build Out Scenario Production

Entertainment VALUE Hotel/Motel Restaurants Retail Shops Businesses Current Employment 699 8067 6799 4429

Current Establishment Total 42 303 284 73

Employee-to-Establishment Ratio 16.64285714 26.62376238 23.94014085 60.67123288

Projected Additional Employment 92 246 146 111

Projected Additional Establishments 5.527896996 9.239866121 6.098543904 1.829532626

Projected Additional Establishments (rounded) 5.527896996 9.239866121 6.098543904 1.829532626

Average Establishment Area (acres) 4.18496 1.168 2.84736 2.84736 Projected Additional Establishment Area 23.13402781 10.79216363 17.36474997 5.209338018 (acres)

Model LE-2: Build Out Scenario Production

Entertainment VALUE Hotel/Motel Restaurants Retail Shops Businesses Current Employment 699 8067 6799 4429

Current Establishment Total 42 303 284 73

Employee-to-Establishment Ratio 16.64285714 26.62376238 23.94014085 60.67123288

Projected Additional Employment 61 101 73 55

Projected Additional Establishments 3.665236052 3.79360357 3.049271952 0.906525175

Projected Additional Establishments (rounded) 3.665236052 3.79360357 3.049271952 0.906525175

Average Establishment Area (acres) 4.18496 1.168 2.84736 2.84736

Projected Additional Establishment Area (acres) 15.33886627 4.43092897 8.682374985 2.581203522

Moore 108

Model LE-3: Build Out Scenario Production

Entertainment VALUE Hotel/Motel Restaurants Retail Shops Businesses Current Employment 699 8067 6799 4429

Current Establishment Total 42 303 284 73

Employee-to-Establishment Ratio 16.64285714 26.62376238 23.94014085 60.67123288

Projected Additional Employment 184 469 292 221

Projected Additional Establishments 11.05579399 17.61584232 12.19708781 3.642582976

Projected Additional Establishments (rounded) 11.05579399 17.61584232 12.19708781 3.642582976

Average Establishment Area (acres) 4.18496 1.168 2.84736 2.84736

Projected Additional Establishment Area (acres) 46.26805562 20.57530383 34.72949994 10.37174506

Model LE-4: Build Out Scenario Production

Entertainment VALUE Hotel/Motel Restaurants Retail Shops Businesses Current Employment 699 8067 6799 4429

Current Establishment Total 42 303 284 73

Employee-to-Establishment Ratio 16.64285714 26.62376238 23.94014085 60.67123288

Projected Additional Employment 123 192 146 111

Projected Additional Establishments 7.39055794 7.211602826 6.098543904 1.829532626

Projected Additional Establishments (rounded) 7.39055794 7.211602826 6.098543904 1.829532626

Average Establishment Area (acres) 4.18496 1.168 2.84736 2.84736

Projected Additional Establishment Area (acres) 30.92918936 8.423152101 17.36474997 5.209338018

Moore 109

Build-Out Visualization (HE-1): Base Scenario

New Calculated Percent of Percent of NAME Type Development Acreage All Clusters Cluster Type Area Franklin Township Area 1458.696601 0.095957325 0.235647441 10.84317771 Garden District Area 2164.277172 0.142372477 0.349631567 16.08808986 Park District Area 2380.052182 0.156566787 0.384489281 17.69204696 Western Lebanon Area 187.139284 0.012310569 0.030231711 1.391094291 Deerfield Station CBD 20.014652 0.001316622 0.044869671 0.148778319 Downtown Franklin CBD 42.665259 0.002806645 0.095648735 0.317150931 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 4.712832 0.000310024 0.010565421 0.035032696 Downtown Lebanon CBD 74.872885 0.004925357 0.167853117 0.556565359 Downtown Maineville CBD 12.475859 0.000820698 0.027968894 0.092738926 Downtown Mason CBD 59.733063 0.003929415 0.133912041 0.444023944 Downtown Morrow CBD 57.608202 0.003789636 0.12914844 0.428228853 Downtown Springboro CBD 24.134211 0.001587619 0.054105068 0.179400938 Downtown Waynesville CBD 138.414286 0.009105296 0.310302847 1.02889847 Red Lion CBD 11.430679 0.000751943 0.025625767 0.084969612 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 325.264713 0.021396863 0.113275963 2.417845551 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 290.851203 0.019133042 0.101291191 2.16203375 E Second St Corridor Corridor 196.884348 0.012951628 0.068566504 1.463533933 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 591.080163 0.03888298 0.205848259 4.393776776 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 73.479335 0.004833685 0.025589749 0.546206447 Hoptown Corridor 236.363962 0.015548712 0.082315586 1.757004467 Landen Corridor Corridor 270.147805 0.017771112 0.094081072 2.008135658 Main Street Corridor Corridor 135.055046 0.008884316 0.047033969 1.00392766 N Main St Corridor Corridor 205.405926 0.013512202 0.071534209 1.526878829 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 423.447248 0.027855597 0.147468794 3.147682499 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 123.456556 0.008121333 0.042994705 0.91771063 Countryside Interchange Interchange 538.653136 0.035434177 0.094602616 4.004062034 Fields Ertel / Mason-Montgomery Interchange 1543.136768 0.101512046 0.271018146 11.47086118 Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange Interchange 156.626065 0.01030332 0.027507935 1.164275186 Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 910.209827 0.059876262 0.159858403 6.766017623 Monroe Interchange Interchange 427.662874 0.028132914 0.075109609 3.179019229 Rivers Crossing Interchange 314.621906 0.020696748 0.055256441 2.338732562 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 623.376647 0.041007537 0.109482443 4.633851728 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 120.778072 0.007945135 0.021212021 0.897800199 Western Row Interchange Interchange 244.210789 0.016064899 0.042890272 1.815333622 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 814.574271 0.053585076 0.143062114 6.055113568 Moore 110

Build Out Visualization (HE-1): CBD Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.84317771 0 0 0 Garden District Area 16.08808986 0 0 0 Park District Area 17.69204696 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.391094291 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.148778319 5.070272834 0.044869671 34.07937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.317150931 10.80830702 0.095648735 34.07937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.035032696 1.193892557 0.010565421 34.07937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.556565359 18.96740222 0.167853117 34.07937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.092738926 3.160485077 0.027968894 34.07937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.444023944 15.13206058 0.133912041 34.07937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.428228853 14.59377368 0.12914844 34.07937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.179400938 6.113872698 0.054105068 34.07937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.02889847 35.06422166 0.310302847 34.07937973 Red Lion CBD 0.084969612 2.895711662 0.025625767 34.07937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.417845551 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.16203375 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.463533933 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.393776776 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.546206447 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.757004467 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.008135658 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.00392766 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.526878829 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.147682499 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.91771063 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.004062034 0 0 0 Fields Ertel / Mason- 11.47086118 0 0 0 Interchange Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd 1.164275186 0 0 0 Interchange Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.766017623 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.179019229 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.338732562 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.633851728 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.897800199 0 0 0 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.815333622 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.055113568 0 0 0

Moore 111

Build Out Visualization (HE-1): CBD Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.84317771 2.662816089 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 16.08808986 3.950836706 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 17.69204696 4.344728875 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 1.391094291 0.34161833 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.148778319 3.549190984 0.03140877 23.85556581 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.317150931 7.565814913 0.066954114 23.85556581 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.035032696 0.83572479 0.007395795 23.85556581 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.556565359 13.27718156 0.117497182 23.85556581 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.092738926 2.212339554 0.019578226 23.85556581 Downtown Mason CBD 0.444023944 10.59244241 0.093738428 23.85556581 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.428228853 10.21564158 0.090403908 23.85556581 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.179400938 4.279710888 0.037873548 23.85556581 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.02889847 24.54495516 0.217211993 23.85556581 Red Lion CBD 0.084969612 2.026998164 0.017938037 23.85556581 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.417845551 1.280018383 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.16203375 1.144590457 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.463533933 0.774801492 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.393776776 2.326085322 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.546206447 0.289164166 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 1.757004467 0.930166121 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.008135658 1.063116111 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.00392766 0.531483849 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.526878829 0.808336567 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.147682499 1.666397368 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.91771063 0.485840163 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.004062034 1.069009555 0.009460262 0.266981267 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.47086118 3.062505052 0.027101815 0.266981267 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.164275186 0.310839665 0.002750793 0.266981267 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.766017623 1.806399959 0.01598584 0.266981267 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.179019229 0.848738582 0.007510961 0.266981267 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.338732562 0.624397783 0.005525644 0.266981267 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.633851728 1.237151606 0.010948244 0.266981267 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.897800199 0.239695835 0.002121202 0.266981267 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.815333622 0.484660071 0.004289027 0.266981267 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.055113568 1.616601893 0.014306211 0.266981267

Moore 112

Build Out Visualization (HE-1): Even Dispersion

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.84317771 6.657040222 0.05891186 0.613938128 Garden District Area 16.08808986 9.877091765 0.087407892 0.613938128 Park District Area 17.69204696 10.86182219 0.09612232 0.613938128 Western Lebanon Area 1.391094291 0.854045824 0.007557928 0.613938128 Deerfield Station CBD 0.148778319 1.267568209 0.011217418 8.519844932 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.317150931 2.702076755 0.023912184 8.519844932 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.035032696 0.298473139 0.002641355 8.519844932 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.556565359 4.741850556 0.041963279 8.519844932 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.092738926 0.790121269 0.006992224 8.519844932 Downtown Mason CBD 0.444023944 3.783015146 0.03347801 8.519844932 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.428228853 3.648443421 0.03228711 8.519844932 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.179400938 1.528468174 0.013526267 8.519844932 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.02889847 8.766055415 0.077575712 8.519844932 Red Lion CBD 0.084969612 0.723927916 0.006406442 8.519844932 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.417845551 3.200045958 0.028318991 1.323511321 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.16203375 2.861476144 0.025322798 1.323511321 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.463533933 1.937003729 0.017141626 1.323511321 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.393776776 5.815213305 0.051462065 1.323511321 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.546206447 0.722910416 0.006397437 1.323511321 Hoptown Corridor 1.757004467 2.325415303 0.020578896 1.323511321 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.008135658 2.657790277 0.023520268 1.323511321 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.00392766 1.328709623 0.011758492 1.323511321 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.526878829 2.020841416 0.017883552 1.323511321 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.147682499 4.165993421 0.036867198 1.323511321 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.91771063 1.214600408 0.010748676 1.323511321 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.004062034 2.672523889 0.023650654 0.667453168 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.47086118 7.65626263 0.067754537 0.667453168 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.164275186 0.777099161 0.006876984 0.667453168 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.766017623 4.515999896 0.039964601 0.667453168 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.179019229 2.121846455 0.018777402 0.667453168 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.338732562 1.560994457 0.01381411 0.667453168 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.633851728 3.092879015 0.027370611 0.667453168 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.897800199 0.599239587 0.005303005 0.667453168 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.815333622 1.211650177 0.010722568 0.667453168 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.055113568 4.041504732 0.035765529 0.667453168

Moore 113

Build Out Visualization (HE-1): Fort Ancient Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.84317771 0 0 0 Garden District Area 16.08808986 0 0 0 Park District Area 17.69204696 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.391094291 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.148778319 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.317150931 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.035032696 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.556565359 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.092738926 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.444023944 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.428228853 3.102595364 0.027456596 7.245180571 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.179400938 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.02889847 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.084969612 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.417845551 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.16203375 11.25556163 0.09960674 7.245180571 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.463533933 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.393776776 31.8337057 0.28171421 7.245180571 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.546206447 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.757004467 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.008135658 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.00392766 4.969562706 0.043978431 7.245180571 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.526878829 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.147682499 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.91771063 6.648979333 0.058840525 7.245180571 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.004062034 4.814479422 0.042606013 7.245180571 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.47086118 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.164275186 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.766017623 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.179019229 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.338732562 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.633851728 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.897800199 6.504724611 0.057563935 7.245180571 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.815333622 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.055113568 43.87039123 0.388233551 7.245180571

Moore 114

Build Out Visualization (HE-1): Interchange/Corridor Split

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.84317771 0 0 0 Garden District Area 16.08808986 0 0 0 Park District Area 17.69204696 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.391094291 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.148778319 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.317150931 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.035032696 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.556565359 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.092738926 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.444023944 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.428228853 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.179400938 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.02889847 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.084969612 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.417845551 6.400091917 0.056637982 2.647022642 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.16203375 5.722952287 0.050645595 2.647022642 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.463533933 3.874007458 0.034283252 2.647022642 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.393776776 11.63042661 0.102924129 2.647022642 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.546206447 1.445820832 0.012794875 2.647022642 Hoptown Corridor 1.757004467 4.650830607 0.041157793 2.647022642 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.008135658 5.315580553 0.047040536 2.647022642 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.00392766 2.657419245 0.023516984 2.647022642 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.526878829 4.041682833 0.035767105 2.647022642 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.147682499 8.331986842 0.073734397 2.647022642 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.91771063 2.429200816 0.021497352 2.647022642 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.004062034 5.345047777 0.047301308 1.334906336 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.47086118 15.31252526 0.135509073 1.334906336 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.164275186 1.554198323 0.013753967 1.334906336 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.766017623 9.031999793 0.079929202 1.334906336 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.179019229 4.24369291 0.037554805 1.334906336 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.338732562 3.121988914 0.02762822 1.334906336 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.633851728 6.18575803 0.054741222 1.334906336 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.897800199 1.198479174 0.01060601 1.334906336 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.815333622 2.423300354 0.021445136 1.334906336 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.055113568 8.083009465 0.071531057 1.334906336

Moore 115

Build Out Visualization (HE-1): Interchange Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.84317771 0 0 0 Garden District Area 16.08808986 0 0 0 Park District Area 17.69204696 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.391094291 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.148778319 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.317150931 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.035032696 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.556565359 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.092738926 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.444023944 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.428228853 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.179400938 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.02889847 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.084969612 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.417845551 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.16203375 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.463533933 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.393776776 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.546206447 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.757004467 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.008135658 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.00392766 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.526878829 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.147682499 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.91771063 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.004062034 10.69009555 0.094602616 2.669812671 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.47086118 30.62505052 0.271018146 2.669812671 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.164275186 3.108396646 0.027507935 2.669812671 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.766017623 18.06399959 0.159858403 2.669812671 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.179019229 8.48738582 0.075109609 2.669812671 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.338732562 6.243977829 0.055256441 2.669812671 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.633851728 12.37151606 0.109482443 2.669812671 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.897800199 2.396958347 0.021212021 2.669812671 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.815333622 4.846600707 0.042890272 2.669812671 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.055113568 16.16601893 0.143062114 2.669812671

Moore 116

Build Out Visualization (HE-1): Interchange Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.84317771 2.662816089 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 16.08808986 3.950836706 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 17.69204696 4.344728875 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 1.391094291 0.34161833 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.148778319 0.507027283 0.004486967 3.407937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.317150931 1.080830702 0.009564873 3.407937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.035032696 0.119389256 0.001056542 3.407937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.556565359 1.896740222 0.016785312 3.407937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.092738926 0.316048508 0.002796889 3.407937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.444023944 1.513206058 0.013391204 3.407937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.428228853 1.459377368 0.012914844 3.407937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.179400938 0.61138727 0.005410507 3.407937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.02889847 3.506422166 0.031030285 3.407937973 Red Lion CBD 0.084969612 0.289571166 0.002562577 3.407937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.417845551 1.280018383 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.16203375 1.144590457 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.463533933 0.774801492 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.393776776 2.326085322 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.546206447 0.289164166 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 1.757004467 0.930166121 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.008135658 1.063116111 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.00392766 0.531483849 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.526878829 0.808336567 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.147682499 1.666397368 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.91771063 0.485840163 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.004062034 7.483066888 0.066221831 1.86886887 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.47086118 21.43753537 0.189712702 1.86886887 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.164275186 2.175877652 0.019255554 1.86886887 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.766017623 12.64479971 0.111900882 1.86886887 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.179019229 5.941170074 0.052576726 1.86886887 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.338732562 4.37078448 0.038679509 1.86886887 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.633851728 8.660061242 0.07663771 1.86886887 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.897800199 1.677870843 0.014848415 1.86886887 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.815333622 3.392620495 0.03002319 1.86886887 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.055113568 11.31621325 0.10014348 1.86886887

Moore 117

Build Out Visualization (HE-1): I-71 Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.84317771 0 0 0 Garden District Area 16.08808986 0 0 0 Park District Area 17.69204696 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.391094291 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.148778319 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.317150931 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.035032696 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.556565359 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.092738926 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.444023944 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.428228853 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.179400938 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.02889847 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.084969612 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.417845551 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.16203375 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.463533933 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.393776776 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.546206447 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.757004467 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.008135658 4.456385337 0.039437038 3.432030715 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.00392766 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.526878829 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.147682499 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.91771063 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.004062034 12.4358048 0.11005137 3.432030715 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.47086118 34.81631727 0.308109002 3.432030715 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.164275186 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.766017623 23.17199617 0.205061913 3.432030715 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.179019229 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.338732562 8.026601987 0.071031876 3.432030715 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.633851728 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.897800199 3.081277858 0.027267946 3.432030715 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.815333622 6.230280826 0.055135229 3.432030715 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.055113568 20.78133575 0.183905626 3.432030715

Moore 118

Build-Out Visualization (HE-2): Base Scenario

New Calculated Percent of Percent of NAME Type Development Acreage All Clusters Cluster Type Area Franklin Township Area 1458.696601 0.095957325 0.235647441 5.949354143 Garden District Area 2164.277172 0.142372477 0.349631567 8.827093551 Park District Area 2380.052182 0.156566787 0.384489281 9.707140813 Western Lebanon Area 187.139284 0.012310569 0.030231711 0.763255274 Deerfield Station CBD 20.014652 0.001316622 0.044869671 0.081630582 Downtown Franklin CBD 42.665259 0.002806645 0.095648735 0.174012015 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 4.712832 0.000310024 0.010565421 0.019221479 Downtown Lebanon CBD 74.872885 0.004925357 0.167853117 0.305372144 Downtown Maineville CBD 12.475859 0.000820698 0.027968894 0.050883305 Downtown Mason CBD 59.733063 0.003929415 0.133912041 0.243623757 Downtown Morrow CBD 57.608202 0.003789636 0.12914844 0.234957424 Downtown Springboro CBD 24.134211 0.001587619 0.054105068 0.098432373 Downtown Waynesville CBD 138.414286 0.009105296 0.310302847 0.564528364 Red Lion CBD 11.430679 0.000751943 0.025625767 0.046620495 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 325.264713 0.021396863 0.113275963 1.326605523 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 290.851203 0.019133042 0.101291191 1.186248606 E Second St Corridor Corridor 196.884348 0.012951628 0.068566504 0.803000919 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 591.080163 0.03888298 0.205848259 2.41074478 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 73.479335 0.004833685 0.025589749 0.299688493 Hoptown Corridor 236.363962 0.015548712 0.082315586 0.96402015 Landen Corridor Corridor 270.147805 0.017771112 0.094081072 1.101808945 Main Street Corridor Corridor 135.055046 0.008884316 0.047033969 0.550827565 N Main St Corridor Corridor 205.405926 0.013512202 0.071534209 0.837756526 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 423.447248 0.027855597 0.147468794 1.727047035 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 123.456556 0.008121333 0.042994705 0.503522646 Countryside Interchange Interchange 538.653136 0.035434177 0.094602616 2.196918992 Fields Ertel / Mason-Montgomery Interchange 1543.136768 0.101512046 0.271018146 6.29374684 Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange Interchange 156.626065 0.01030332 0.027507935 0.638805855 Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 910.209827 0.059876262 0.159858403 3.712328253 Monroe Interchange Interchange 427.662874 0.028132914 0.075109609 1.744240639 Rivers Crossing Interchange 314.621906 0.020696748 0.055256441 1.283198397 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 623.376647 0.041007537 0.109482443 2.54246732 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 120.778072 0.007945135 0.021212021 0.492598339 Western Row Interchange Interchange 244.210789 0.016064899 0.042890272 0.996023757 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 814.574271 0.053585076 0.143062114 3.322274701 Moore 119

Build Out Visualization (HE-2): CBD Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.827093551 0 0 0 Park District Area 9.707140813 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 2.781919608 0.044869671 34.07937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 5.93022155 0.095648735 34.07937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0.655056093 0.010565421 34.07937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 10.40689326 0.167853117 34.07937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 1.734071458 0.027968894 34.07937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 8.302546515 0.133912041 34.07937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 8.00720326 0.12914844 34.07937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 3.354514223 0.054105068 34.07937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 19.23877649 0.310302847 34.07937973 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 1.588797549 0.025625767 34.07937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 0 0 0 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 0 0 0 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 0 0 0

Moore 120

Build Out Visualization (HE-2): CBD Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 1.461014137 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 8.827093551 2.167715715 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 9.707140813 2.383833542 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0.187436606 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 1.947343726 0.03140877 23.85556581 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 4.151155085 0.066954114 23.85556581 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0.458539265 0.007395795 23.85556581 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 7.284825279 0.117497182 23.85556581 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 1.213850021 0.019578226 23.85556581 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 5.811782561 0.093738428 23.85556581 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 5.605042282 0.090403908 23.85556581 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 2.348159956 0.037873548 23.85556581 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 13.46714354 0.217211993 23.85556581 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 1.112158284 0.017938037 23.85556581 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0.702310971 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 0.628005384 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 0.425112323 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 1.276259203 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0.158656445 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0.510356633 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 0.583302645 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0.291610607 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0.443512098 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0.914306521 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 0.266567169 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 0.586536216 0.009460262 0.266981267 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 1.680312506 0.027101815 0.266981267 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0.170549196 0.002750793 0.266981267 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 0.991122101 0.01598584 0.266981267 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 0.465679576 0.007510961 0.266981267 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 0.342589934 0.005525644 0.266981267 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 0.678791147 0.010948244 0.266981267 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 0.131514529 0.002121202 0.266981267 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 0.265919685 0.004289027 0.266981267 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 0.886985109 0.014306211 0.266981267

Moore 121

Build Out Visualization (HE-2): Even Dispersion

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 3.652535343 0.05891186 0.613938128 Garden District Area 8.827093551 5.419289287 0.087407892 0.613938128 Park District Area 9.707140813 5.959583855 0.09612232 0.613938128 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0.468591514 0.007557928 0.613938128 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0.695479902 0.011217418 8.519844932 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 1.482555387 0.023912184 8.519844932 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0.163764023 0.002641355 8.519844932 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 2.601723314 0.041963279 8.519844932 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0.433517865 0.006992224 8.519844932 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 2.075636629 0.03347801 8.519844932 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 2.001800815 0.03228711 8.519844932 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 0.838628556 0.013526267 8.519844932 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 4.809694122 0.077575712 8.519844932 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0.397199387 0.006406442 8.519844932 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 1.755777428 0.028318991 1.323511321 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 1.570013459 0.025322798 1.323511321 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 1.062780807 0.017141626 1.323511321 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 3.190648008 0.051462065 1.323511321 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0.396641113 0.006397437 1.323511321 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 1.275891582 0.020578896 1.323511321 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 1.458256612 0.023520268 1.323511321 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0.729026519 0.011758492 1.323511321 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 1.108780246 0.017883552 1.323511321 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 2.285766302 0.036867198 1.323511321 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 0.666417923 0.010748676 1.323511321 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 1.466340541 0.023650654 0.667453168 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 4.200781266 0.067754537 0.667453168 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0.426372991 0.006876984 0.667453168 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 2.477805253 0.039964601 0.667453168 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 1.16419894 0.018777402 0.667453168 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 0.856474835 0.01381411 0.667453168 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 1.696977867 0.027370611 0.667453168 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 0.328786322 0.005303005 0.667453168 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 0.664799212 0.010722568 0.667453168 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 2.217462774 0.035765529 0.667453168

Moore 122

Build Out Visualization (HE-2): Fort Ancient Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.827093551 0 0 0 Park District Area 9.707140813 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 1.702308961 0.027456596 7.245180571 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 6.175617884 0.09960674 7.245180571 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 17.46628101 0.28171421 7.245180571 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 2.726662724 0.043978431 7.245180571 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 3.648112554 0.058840525 7.245180571 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 2.64157278 0.042606013 7.245180571 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 3.568963946 0.057563935 7.245180571 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 24.07048015 0.388233551 7.245180571

Moore 123

Build Out Visualization (HE-2): Interchange/Corridor Split

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.827093551 0 0 0 Park District Area 9.707140813 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 3.511554857 0.056637982 2.647022642 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 3.140026919 0.050645595 2.647022642 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 2.125561614 0.034283252 2.647022642 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 6.381296016 0.102924129 2.647022642 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0.793282226 0.012794875 2.647022642 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 2.551783165 0.041157793 2.647022642 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 2.916513224 0.047040536 2.647022642 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 1.458053037 0.023516984 2.647022642 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 2.217560492 0.035767105 2.647022642 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 4.571532604 0.073734397 2.647022642 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 1.332835846 0.021497352 2.647022642 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 2.932681081 0.047301308 1.334906336 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 8.401562532 0.135509073 1.334906336 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0.852745982 0.013753967 1.334906336 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 4.955610506 0.079929202 1.334906336 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 2.32839788 0.037554805 1.334906336 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 1.71294967 0.02762822 1.334906336 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 3.393955733 0.054741222 1.334906336 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 0.657572644 0.01060601 1.334906336 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 1.329598424 0.021445136 1.334906336 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 4.434925547 0.071531057 1.334906336

Moore 124

Build Out Visualization (HE-2): Interchange Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.827093551 0 0 0 Park District Area 9.707140813 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 5.865362163 0.094602616 2.669812671 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 16.80312506 0.271018146 2.669812671 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 1.705491965 0.027507935 2.669812671 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 9.911221011 0.159858403 2.669812671 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 4.656795759 0.075109609 2.669812671 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 3.42589934 0.055256441 2.669812671 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 6.787911467 0.109482443 2.669812671 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 1.315145288 0.021212021 2.669812671 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 2.659196848 0.042890272 2.669812671 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 8.869851094 0.143062114 2.669812671

Moore 125

Build Out Visualization (HE-2): Interchange Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 2.167715715 0.034963157 0.245575251 Garden District Area 8.827093551 2.383833542 0.038448928 0.245575251 Park District Area 9.707140813 0.187436606 0.003023171 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0.278191961 0.004486967 3.407937973 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0.593022155 0.009564873 3.407937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 0.065505609 0.001056542 3.407937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 1.040689326 0.016785312 3.407937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 0.173407146 0.002796889 3.407937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0.830254652 0.013391204 3.407937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 0.800720326 0.012914844 3.407937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 0.335451422 0.005410507 3.407937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 1.923877649 0.031030285 3.407937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 0.158879755 0.002562577 3.407937973 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0.702310971 0.011327596 0.529404528 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0.628005384 0.010129119 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 0.425112323 0.00685665 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 1.276259203 0.020584826 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 0.158656445 0.002558975 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0.510356633 0.008231559 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0.583302645 0.009408107 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 0.291610607 0.004703397 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0.443512098 0.007153421 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0.914306521 0.014746879 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0.266567169 0.00429947 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 4.105753514 0.066221831 1.86886887 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 11.76218755 0.189712702 1.86886887 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 1.193844375 0.019255554 1.86886887 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 6.937854708 0.111900882 1.86886887 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 3.259757032 0.052576726 1.86886887 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 2.398129538 0.038679509 1.86886887 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 4.751538027 0.07663771 1.86886887 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 0.920601701 0.014848415 1.86886887 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 1.861437794 0.03002319 1.86886887 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 6.208895766 0.10014348 1.86886887 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 2.167715715 0.034963157 0.245575251

Moore 126

Build Out Visualization (HE-2): I-71 Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.827093551 0 0 0 Park District Area 9.707140813 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 2.44509638 0.039437038 3.432030715 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 6.823184937 0.11005137 3.432030715 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 19.10275815 0.308109002 3.432030715 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 12.71383861 0.205061913 3.432030715 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 4.403976312 0.071031876 3.432030715 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 1.69061263 0.027267946 3.432030715 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 3.41838417 0.055135229 3.432030715 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 11.40214882 0.183905626 3.432030715

Moore 127

Build-Out Visualization (HE-3): Base Scenario

New Calculated Percent of Percent of NAME Type Development Acreage All Clusters Cluster Type Area Franklin Township Area 1458.696601 0.095957325 0.235647441 21.49444077 Garden District Area 2164.277172 0.142372477 0.349631567 31.89143476 Park District Area 2380.052182 0.156566787 0.384489281 35.07096036 Western Lebanon Area 187.139284 0.012310569 0.030231711 2.757567443 Deerfield Station CBD 20.014652 0.001316622 0.044869671 0.294923394 Downtown Franklin CBD 42.665259 0.002806645 0.095648735 0.628688572 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 4.712832 0.000310024 0.010565421 0.069445345 Downtown Lebanon CBD 74.872885 0.004925357 0.167853117 1.103280004 Downtown Maineville CBD 12.475859 0.000820698 0.027968894 0.183836455 Downtown Mason CBD 59.733063 0.003929415 0.133912041 0.880189056 Downtown Morrow CBD 57.608202 0.003789636 0.12914844 0.848878434 Downtown Springboro CBD 24.134211 0.001587619 0.054105068 0.355626639 Downtown Waynesville CBD 138.414286 0.009105296 0.310302847 2.039586348 Red Lion CBD 11.430679 0.000751943 0.025625767 0.168435336 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 325.264713 0.021396863 0.113275963 4.792897375 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 290.851203 0.019133042 0.101291191 4.285801415 E Second St Corridor Corridor 196.884348 0.012951628 0.068566504 2.901164611 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 591.080163 0.03888298 0.205848259 8.709787592 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 73.479335 0.004833685 0.025589749 1.082745523 Hoptown Corridor 236.363962 0.015548712 0.082315586 3.482911511 Landen Corridor Corridor 270.147805 0.017771112 0.094081072 3.980729091 Main Street Corridor Corridor 135.055046 0.008884316 0.047033969 1.990086688 N Main St Corridor Corridor 205.405926 0.013512202 0.071534209 3.026733255 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 423.447248 0.027855597 0.147468794 6.239653802 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 123.456556 0.008121333 0.042994705 1.819178594 Countryside Interchange Interchange 538.653136 0.035434177 0.094602616 7.937255713 Fields Ertel / Mason-Montgomery Interchange 1543.136768 0.101512046 0.271018146 22.73869826 Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange Interchange 156.626065 0.01030332 0.027507935 2.307943732 Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 910.209827 0.059876262 0.159858403 13.41228272 Monroe Interchange Interchange 427.662874 0.028132914 0.075109609 6.30177263 Rivers Crossing Interchange 314.621906 0.020696748 0.055256441 4.636071627 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 623.376647 0.041007537 0.109482443 9.185688381 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 120.778072 0.007945135 0.021212021 1.779710129 Western Row Interchange Interchange 244.210789 0.016064899 0.042890272 3.598537446 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 814.574271 0.053585076 0.143062114 12.00305698 Moore 128

Build Out Visualization (HE-3): CBD Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 21.49444077 0 0 0 Garden District Area 31.89143476 0 0 0 Park District Area 35.07096036 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 2.757567443 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.294923394 10.05080633 0.044869671 34.07937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.628688572 21.42531657 0.095648735 34.07937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.069445345 2.366654273 0.010565421 34.07937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 1.103280004 37.59909821 0.167853117 34.07937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.183836455 6.265032366 0.027968894 34.07937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.880189056 29.99629709 0.133912041 34.07937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.848878434 28.92925049 0.12914844 34.07937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.355626639 12.11953526 0.054105068 34.07937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 2.039586348 69.50783763 0.310302847 34.07937973 Red Lion CBD 0.168435336 5.740171791 0.025625767 34.07937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.792897375 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.285801415 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 2.901164611 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 8.709787592 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 1.082745523 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 3.482911511 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 3.980729091 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.990086688 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 3.026733255 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 6.239653802 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.819178594 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 7.937255713 0 0 0 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 22.73869826 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 2.307943732 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 13.41228272 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 6.30177263 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 4.636071627 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 9.185688381 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 1.779710129 0 0 0 Western Row Interchange Interchange 3.598537446 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 12.00305698 0 0 0

Moore 129

Build Out Visualization (HE-3): CBD Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 21.49444077 5.278502689 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 31.89143476 7.831747099 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 35.07096036 8.612559894 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 2.757567443 0.677190317 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.294923394 7.035564429 0.03140877 23.85556581 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.628688572 14.9977216 0.066954114 23.85556581 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.069445345 1.656657991 0.007395795 23.85556581 Downtown Lebanon CBD 1.103280004 26.31936875 0.117497182 23.85556581 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.183836455 4.385522656 0.019578226 23.85556581 Downtown Mason CBD 0.880189056 20.99740796 0.093738428 23.85556581 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.848878434 20.25047534 0.090403908 23.85556581 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.355626639 8.483674681 0.037873548 23.85556581 Downtown Waynesville CBD 2.039586348 48.65548634 0.217211993 23.85556581 Red Lion CBD 0.168435336 4.018120253 0.017938037 23.85556581 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.792897375 2.537381574 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.285801415 2.268922677 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 2.901164611 1.535889683 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 8.709787592 4.611000992 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 1.082745523 0.573210383 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 3.482911511 1.843869126 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 3.980729091 2.107416007 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.990086688 1.053560904 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 3.026733255 1.602366291 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 6.239653802 3.303300978 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.819178594 0.963081385 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 7.937255713 2.119098588 0.009460262 0.266981267 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 22.73869826 6.070806475 0.027101815 0.266981267 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 2.307943732 0.616177742 0.002750793 0.266981267 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 13.41228272 3.580828236 0.01598584 0.266981267 Monroe Interchange Interchange 6.30177263 1.682455242 0.007510961 0.266981267 Rivers Crossing Interchange 4.636071627 1.237744278 0.005525644 0.266981267 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 9.185688381 2.452406723 0.010948244 0.266981267 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 1.779710129 0.475149265 0.002121202 0.266981267 Western Row Interchange Interchange 3.598537446 0.960742087 0.004289027 0.266981267 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 12.00305698 3.204591363 0.014306211 0.266981267

Moore 130

Build Out Visualization (HE-3): Even Dispersion

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 21.49444077 13.19625672 0.05891186 0.613938128 Garden District Area 31.89143476 19.57936775 0.087407892 0.613938128 Park District Area 35.07096036 21.53139974 0.09612232 0.613938128 Western Lebanon Area 2.757567443 1.692975793 0.007557928 0.613938128 Deerfield Station CBD 0.294923394 2.512701582 0.011217418 8.519844932 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.628688572 5.356329142 0.023912184 8.519844932 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.069445345 0.591663568 0.002641355 8.519844932 Downtown Lebanon CBD 1.103280004 9.399774553 0.041963279 8.519844932 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.183836455 1.566258091 0.006992224 8.519844932 Downtown Mason CBD 0.880189056 7.499074272 0.03347801 8.519844932 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.848878434 7.232312622 0.03228711 8.519844932 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.355626639 3.029883815 0.013526267 8.519844932 Downtown Waynesville CBD 2.039586348 17.37695941 0.077575712 8.519844932 Red Lion CBD 0.168435336 1.435042948 0.006406442 8.519844932 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.792897375 6.343453935 0.028318991 1.323511321 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.285801415 5.672306692 0.025322798 1.323511321 E Second St Corridor Corridor 2.901164611 3.839724207 0.017141626 1.323511321 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 8.709787592 11.52750248 0.051462065 1.323511321 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 1.082745523 1.433025957 0.006397437 1.323511321 Hoptown Corridor 3.482911511 4.609672814 0.020578896 1.323511321 Landen Corridor Corridor 3.980729091 5.268540017 0.023520268 1.323511321 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.990086688 2.633902261 0.011758492 1.323511321 N Main St Corridor Corridor 3.026733255 4.005915728 0.017883552 1.323511321 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 6.239653802 8.258252446 0.036867198 1.323511321 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.819178594 2.407703463 0.010748676 1.323511321 Countryside Interchange Interchange 7.937255713 5.297746469 0.023650654 0.667453168 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 22.73869826 15.17701619 0.067754537 0.667453168 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 2.307943732 1.540444355 0.006876984 0.667453168 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 13.41228272 8.952070591 0.039964601 0.667453168 Monroe Interchange Interchange 6.30177263 4.206138105 0.018777402 0.667453168 Rivers Crossing Interchange 4.636071627 3.094360694 0.01381411 0.667453168 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 9.185688381 6.131016809 0.027370611 0.667453168 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 1.779710129 1.187873163 0.005303005 0.667453168 Western Row Interchange Interchange 3.598537446 2.401855218 0.010722568 0.667453168 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 12.00305698 8.011478408 0.035765529 0.667453168

Moore 131

Build Out Visualization (HE-3): Fort Ancient Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 21.49444077 0 0 0 Garden District Area 31.89143476 0 0 0 Park District Area 35.07096036 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 2.757567443 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.294923394 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.628688572 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.069445345 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 1.103280004 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.183836455 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.880189056 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.848878434 6.150277536 0.027456596 7.245180571 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.355626639 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 2.039586348 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.168435336 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.792897375 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.285801415 22.31190978 0.09960674 7.245180571 E Second St Corridor Corridor 2.901164611 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 8.709787592 63.10398299 0.28171421 7.245180571 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 1.082745523 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 3.482911511 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 3.980729091 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.990086688 9.85116855 0.043978431 7.245180571 N Main St Corridor Corridor 3.026733255 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 6.239653802 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.819178594 13.18027762 0.058840525 7.245180571 Countryside Interchange Interchange 7.937255713 9.543746818 0.042606013 7.245180571 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 22.73869826 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 2.307943732 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 13.41228272 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 6.30177263 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 4.636071627 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 9.185688381 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 1.779710129 12.89432135 0.057563935 7.245180571 Western Row Interchange Interchange 3.598537446 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 12.00305698 86.96431536 0.388233551 7.245180571

Moore 132

Build Out Visualization (HE-3): Interchange/Corridor Split

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 21.49444077 0 0 0 Garden District Area 31.89143476 0 0 0 Park District Area 35.07096036 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 2.757567443 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.294923394 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.628688572 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.069445345 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 1.103280004 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.183836455 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.880189056 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.848878434 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.355626639 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 2.039586348 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.168435336 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.792897375 12.68690787 0.056637982 2.647022642 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.285801415 11.34461338 0.050645595 2.647022642 E Second St Corridor Corridor 2.901164611 7.679448413 0.034283252 2.647022642 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 8.709787592 23.05500496 0.102924129 2.647022642 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 1.082745523 2.866051915 0.012794875 2.647022642 Hoptown Corridor 3.482911511 9.219345628 0.041157793 2.647022642 Landen Corridor Corridor 3.980729091 10.53708003 0.047040536 2.647022642 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.990086688 5.267804522 0.023516984 2.647022642 N Main St Corridor Corridor 3.026733255 8.011831456 0.035767105 2.647022642 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 6.239653802 16.51650489 0.073734397 2.647022642 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.819178594 4.815406926 0.021497352 2.647022642 Countryside Interchange Interchange 7.937255713 10.59549294 0.047301308 1.334906336 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 22.73869826 30.35403238 0.135509073 1.334906336 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 2.307943732 3.080888711 0.013753967 1.334906336 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 13.41228272 17.90414118 0.079929202 1.334906336 Monroe Interchange Interchange 6.30177263 8.412276211 0.037554805 1.334906336 Rivers Crossing Interchange 4.636071627 6.188721388 0.02762822 1.334906336 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 9.185688381 12.26203362 0.054741222 1.334906336 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 1.779710129 2.375746326 0.01060601 1.334906336 Western Row Interchange Interchange 3.598537446 4.803710435 0.021445136 1.334906336 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 12.00305698 16.02295682 0.071531057 1.334906336

Moore 133

Build Out Visualization (HE-3): Interchange Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 21.49444077 0 0 0 Garden District Area 31.89143476 0 0 0 Park District Area 35.07096036 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 2.757567443 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.294923394 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.628688572 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.069445345 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 1.103280004 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.183836455 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.880189056 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.848878434 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.355626639 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 2.039586348 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.168435336 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.792897375 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.285801415 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 2.901164611 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 8.709787592 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 1.082745523 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 3.482911511 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 3.980729091 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.990086688 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 3.026733255 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 6.239653802 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.819178594 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 7.937255713 21.19098588 0.094602616 2.669812671 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 22.73869826 60.70806475 0.271018146 2.669812671 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 2.307943732 6.161777422 0.027507935 2.669812671 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 13.41228272 35.80828236 0.159858403 2.669812671 Monroe Interchange Interchange 6.30177263 16.82455242 0.075109609 2.669812671 Rivers Crossing Interchange 4.636071627 12.37744278 0.055256441 2.669812671 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 9.185688381 24.52406723 0.109482443 2.669812671 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 1.779710129 4.751492653 0.021212021 2.669812671 Western Row Interchange Interchange 3.598537446 9.607420871 0.042890272 2.669812671 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 12.00305698 32.04591363 0.143062114 2.669812671

Moore 134

Build Out Visualization (HE-3): Interchange Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 21.49444077 5.278502689 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 31.89143476 7.831747099 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 35.07096036 8.612559894 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 2.757567443 0.677190317 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.294923394 1.005080633 0.004486967 3.407937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.628688572 2.142531657 0.009564873 3.407937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.069445345 0.236665427 0.001056542 3.407937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 1.103280004 3.759909821 0.016785312 3.407937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.183836455 0.626503237 0.002796889 3.407937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.880189056 2.999629709 0.013391204 3.407937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.848878434 2.892925049 0.012914844 3.407937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.355626639 1.211953526 0.005410507 3.407937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 2.039586348 6.950783763 0.031030285 3.407937973 Red Lion CBD 0.168435336 0.574017179 0.002562577 3.407937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.792897375 2.537381574 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.285801415 2.268922677 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 2.901164611 1.535889683 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 8.709787592 4.611000992 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 1.082745523 0.573210383 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 3.482911511 1.843869126 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 3.980729091 2.107416007 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.990086688 1.053560904 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 3.026733255 1.602366291 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 6.239653802 3.303300978 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.819178594 0.963081385 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 7.937255713 14.83369011 0.066221831 1.86886887 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 22.73869826 42.49564533 0.189712702 1.86886887 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 2.307943732 4.313244195 0.019255554 1.86886887 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 13.41228272 25.06579765 0.111900882 1.86886887 Monroe Interchange Interchange 6.30177263 11.77718669 0.052576726 1.86886887 Rivers Crossing Interchange 4.636071627 8.664209943 0.038679509 1.86886887 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 9.185688381 17.16684706 0.07663771 1.86886887 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 1.779710129 3.326044857 0.014848415 1.86886887 Western Row Interchange Interchange 3.598537446 6.72519461 0.03002319 1.86886887 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 12.00305698 22.43213954 0.10014348 1.86886887

Moore 135

Build Out Visualization (HE-3): I-71 Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 21.49444077 0 0 0 Garden District Area 31.89143476 0 0 0 Park District Area 35.07096036 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 2.757567443 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.294923394 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.628688572 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.069445345 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 1.103280004 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.183836455 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.880189056 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.848878434 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.355626639 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 2.039586348 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.168435336 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.792897375 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 4.285801415 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 2.901164611 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 8.709787592 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 1.082745523 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 3.482911511 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 3.980729091 8.833896598 0.039437038 3.432030715 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.990086688 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 3.026733255 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 6.239653802 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.819178594 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 7.937255713 24.65150687 0.11005137 3.432030715 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 22.73869826 69.01641654 0.308109002 3.432030715 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 2.307943732 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 13.41228272 45.93386851 0.205061913 3.432030715 Monroe Interchange Interchange 6.30177263 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 4.636071627 15.91114022 0.071031876 3.432030715 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 9.185688381 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 1.779710129 6.108019825 0.027267946 3.432030715 Western Row Interchange Interchange 3.598537446 12.35029119 0.055135229 3.432030715 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 12.00305698 41.19486024 0.183905626 3.432030715

Moore 136

Build-Out Visualization (HE-4): Base Scenario

New Calculated Percent of Percent of NAME Type Development Acreage All Clusters Cluster Type Area Franklin Township Area 1458.696601 0.095957325 0.235647441 11.80275096 Garden District Area 2164.277172 0.142372477 0.349631567 17.51181462 Park District Area 2380.052182 0.156566787 0.384489281 19.25771484 Western Lebanon Area 187.139284 0.012310569 0.030231711 1.51419998 Deerfield Station CBD 20.014652 0.001316622 0.044869671 0.161944542 Downtown Franklin CBD 42.665259 0.002806645 0.095648735 0.345217385 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 4.712832 0.000310024 0.010565421 0.038132935 Downtown Lebanon CBD 74.872885 0.004925357 0.167853117 0.605818931 Downtown Maineville CBD 12.475859 0.000820698 0.027968894 0.100945911 Downtown Mason CBD 59.733063 0.003929415 0.133912041 0.483318098 Downtown Morrow CBD 57.608202 0.003789636 0.12914844 0.466125211 Downtown Springboro CBD 24.134211 0.001587619 0.054105068 0.195277127 Downtown Waynesville CBD 138.414286 0.009105296 0.310302847 1.119951432 Red Lion CBD 11.430679 0.000751943 0.025625767 0.092489046 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 325.264713 0.021396863 0.113275963 2.631814183 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 290.851203 0.019133042 0.101291191 2.35336417 E Second St Corridor Corridor 196.884348 0.012951628 0.068566504 1.593050211 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 591.080163 0.03888298 0.205848259 4.78260658 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 73.479335 0.004833685 0.025589749 0.594543301 Hoptown Corridor 236.363962 0.015548712 0.082315586 1.912491588 Landen Corridor Corridor 270.147805 0.017771112 0.094081072 2.185846778 Main Street Corridor Corridor 135.055046 0.008884316 0.047033969 1.092770815 N Main St Corridor Corridor 205.405926 0.013512202 0.071534209 1.66200085 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 423.447248 0.027855597 0.147468794 3.426238472 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 123.456556 0.008121333 0.042994705 0.99892396 Countryside Interchange Interchange 538.653136 0.035434177 0.094602616 4.358403806 Fields Ertel / Mason-Montgomery Interchange 1543.136768 0.101512046 0.271018146 12.48598163 Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange Interchange 156.626065 0.01030332 0.027507935 1.267308389 Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 910.209827 0.059876262 0.159858403 7.364780245 Monroe Interchange Interchange 427.662874 0.028132914 0.075109609 3.460348364 Rivers Crossing Interchange 314.621906 0.020696748 0.055256441 2.545700045 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 623.376647 0.041007537 0.109482443 5.043927102 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 120.778072 0.007945135 0.021212021 0.977251544 Western Row Interchange Interchange 244.210789 0.016064899 0.042890272 1.975982615 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 814.574271 0.053585076 0.143062114 6.590964326 Moore 137

Build Out Visualization (HE-4): CBD Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 11.80275096 0 0 0 Garden District Area 17.51181462 0 0 0 Park District Area 19.25771484 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.51419998 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.161944542 5.518969545 0.044869671 34.07937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.345217385 11.76479437 0.095648735 34.07937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.038132935 1.299546766 0.010565421 34.07937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.605818931 20.64593339 0.167853117 34.07937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.100945911 3.440174022 0.027968894 34.07937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.483318098 16.47118099 0.133912041 34.07937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.466125211 15.88525808 0.12914844 34.07937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.195277127 6.654923379 0.054105068 34.07937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.119951432 38.16725013 0.310302847 34.07937973 Red Lion CBD 0.092489046 3.151969331 0.025625767 34.07937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.631814183 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.35336417 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.593050211 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.78260658 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.594543301 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.912491588 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.185846778 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.092770815 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.66200085 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.426238472 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.99892396 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.358403806 0 0 0 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 12.48598163 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.267308389 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 7.364780245 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.460348364 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.545700045 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 5.043927102 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.977251544 0 0 0 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.975982615 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.590964326 0 0 0

Moore 138

Build Out Visualization (HE-4): CBD Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 11.80275096 2.89846353 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 17.51181462 4.300468273 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 19.25771484 4.729218156 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 1.51419998 0.37185004 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.161944542 3.863278682 0.03140877 23.85556581 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.345217385 8.235356056 0.066954114 23.85556581 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.038132935 0.909682736 0.007395795 23.85556581 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.605818931 14.45215338 0.117497182 23.85556581 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.100945911 2.408121816 0.019578226 23.85556581 Downtown Mason CBD 0.483318098 11.52982669 0.093738428 23.85556581 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.466125211 11.11968066 0.090403908 23.85556581 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.195277127 4.658446365 0.037873548 23.85556581 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.119951432 26.71707509 0.217211993 23.85556581 Red Lion CBD 0.092489046 2.206378532 0.017938037 23.85556581 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.631814183 1.393294346 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.35336417 1.245881648 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.593050211 0.843367995 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.78260658 2.531933581 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.594543301 0.314753916 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 1.912491588 1.012481707 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.185846778 1.157197182 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.092770815 0.578517818 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.66200085 0.879870776 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.426238472 1.813866162 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.99892396 0.528834868 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.358403806 1.163612171 0.009460262 0.266981267 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 12.48598163 3.333523198 0.027101815 0.266981267 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.267308389 0.338347599 0.002750793 0.266981267 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 7.364780245 1.966258362 0.01598584 0.266981267 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.460348364 0.923848191 0.007510961 0.266981267 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.545700045 0.679654224 0.005525644 0.266981267 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 5.043927102 1.346634049 0.010948244 0.266981267 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.977251544 0.260907855 0.002121202 0.266981267 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.975982615 0.527550342 0.004289027 0.266981267 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.590964326 1.759664007 0.014306211 0.266981267

Moore 139

Build Out Visualization (HE-4): Even Dispersion

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 11.80275096 7.246158826 0.05891186 0.613938128 Garden District Area 17.51181462 10.75117068 0.087407892 0.613938128 Park District Area 19.25771484 11.82304539 0.09612232 0.613938128 Western Lebanon Area 1.51419998 0.929625101 0.007557928 0.613938128 Deerfield Station CBD 0.161944542 1.379742386 0.011217418 8.519844932 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.345217385 2.941198591 0.023912184 8.519844932 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.038132935 0.324886692 0.002641355 8.519844932 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.605818931 5.161483348 0.041963279 8.519844932 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.100945911 0.860043506 0.006992224 8.519844932 Downtown Mason CBD 0.483318098 4.117795248 0.03347801 8.519844932 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.466125211 3.97131452 0.03228711 8.519844932 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.195277127 1.663730845 0.013526267 8.519844932 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.119951432 9.541812532 0.077575712 8.519844932 Red Lion CBD 0.092489046 0.787992333 0.006406442 8.519844932 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.631814183 3.483235866 0.028318991 1.323511321 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.35336417 3.114704121 0.025322798 1.323511321 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.593050211 2.108419988 0.017141626 1.323511321 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.78260658 6.329833951 0.051462065 1.323511321 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.594543301 0.786884789 0.006397437 1.323511321 Hoptown Corridor 1.912491588 2.531204268 0.020578896 1.323511321 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.185846778 2.892992956 0.023520268 1.323511321 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.092770815 1.446294545 0.011758492 1.323511321 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.66200085 2.19967694 0.017883552 1.323511321 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.426238472 4.534665405 0.036867198 1.323511321 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.99892396 1.32208717 0.010748676 1.323511321 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.358403806 2.909030427 0.023650654 0.667453168 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 12.48598163 8.333807996 0.067754537 0.667453168 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.267308389 0.845868999 0.006876984 0.667453168 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 7.364780245 4.915645905 0.039964601 0.667453168 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.460348364 2.309620477 0.018777402 0.667453168 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.545700045 1.69913556 0.01381411 0.667453168 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 5.043927102 3.366585123 0.027370611 0.667453168 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.977251544 0.652269639 0.005303005 0.667453168 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.975982615 1.318875856 0.010722568 0.667453168 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.590964326 4.399160019 0.035765529 0.667453168

Moore 140

Build Out Visualization (HE-4): Fort Ancient Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 11.80275096 0 0 0 Garden District Area 17.51181462 0 0 0 Park District Area 19.25771484 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.51419998 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.161944542 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.345217385 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.038132935 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.605818931 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.100945911 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.483318098 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.466125211 3.377161325 0.027456596 7.245180571 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.195277127 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.119951432 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.092489046 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.631814183 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.35336417 12.25162903 0.09960674 7.245180571 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.593050211 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.78260658 34.6508478 0.28171421 7.245180571 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.594543301 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.912491588 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.185846778 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.092770815 5.409347016 0.043978431 7.245180571 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.66200085 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.426238472 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.99892396 7.237384584 0.058840525 7.245180571 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.358403806 5.240539547 0.042606013 7.245180571 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 12.48598163 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.267308389 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 7.364780245 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.460348364 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.545700045 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 5.043927102 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.977251544 7.080363957 0.057563935 7.245180571 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.975982615 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.590964326 47.75272674 0.388233551 7.245180571

Moore 141

Build Out Visualization (HE-4): Interchange/Corridor Split

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 11.80275096 0 0 0 Garden District Area 17.51181462 0 0 0 Park District Area 19.25771484 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.51419998 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.161944542 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.345217385 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.038132935 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.605818931 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.100945911 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.483318098 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.466125211 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.195277127 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.119951432 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.092489046 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.631814183 6.966471732 0.056637982 2.647022642 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.35336417 6.229408242 0.050645595 2.647022642 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.593050211 4.216839977 0.034283252 2.647022642 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.78260658 12.6596679 0.102924129 2.647022642 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.594543301 1.573769578 0.012794875 2.647022642 Hoptown Corridor 1.912491588 5.062408537 0.041157793 2.647022642 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.185846778 5.785985912 0.047040536 2.647022642 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.092770815 2.89258909 0.023516984 2.647022642 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.66200085 4.39935388 0.035767105 2.647022642 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.426238472 9.069330811 0.073734397 2.647022642 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.99892396 2.644174339 0.021497352 2.647022642 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.358403806 5.818060855 0.047301308 1.334906336 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 12.48598163 16.66761599 0.135509073 1.334906336 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.267308389 1.691737997 0.013753967 1.334906336 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 7.364780245 9.83129181 0.079929202 1.334906336 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.460348364 4.619240955 0.037554805 1.334906336 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.545700045 3.398271119 0.02762822 1.334906336 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 5.043927102 6.733170245 0.054741222 1.334906336 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.977251544 1.304539277 0.01060601 1.334906336 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.975982615 2.637751712 0.021445136 1.334906336 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.590964326 8.798320037 0.071531057 1.334906336

Moore 142

Build Out Visualization (HE-4): Interchange Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 11.80275096 0 0 0 Garden District Area 17.51181462 0 0 0 Park District Area 19.25771484 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.51419998 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.161944542 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.345217385 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.038132935 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.605818931 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.100945911 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.483318098 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.466125211 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.195277127 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.119951432 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.092489046 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.631814183 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.35336417 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.593050211 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.78260658 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.594543301 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.912491588 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.185846778 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.092770815 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.66200085 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.426238472 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.99892396 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.358403806 11.63612171 0.094602616 2.669812671 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 12.48598163 33.33523198 0.271018146 2.669812671 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.267308389 3.383475995 0.027507935 2.669812671 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 7.364780245 19.66258362 0.159858403 2.669812671 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.460348364 9.23848191 0.075109609 2.669812671 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.545700045 6.796542239 0.055256441 2.669812671 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 5.043927102 13.46634049 0.109482443 2.669812671 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.977251544 2.609078555 0.021212021 2.669812671 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.975982615 5.275503425 0.042890272 2.669812671 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.590964326 17.59664007 0.143062114 2.669812671

Moore 143

Build Out Visualization (HE-4): Interchange Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 11.80275096 2.89846353 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 17.51181462 4.300468273 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 19.25771484 4.729218156 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 1.51419998 0.37185004 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.161944542 0.551896955 0.004486967 3.407937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.345217385 1.176479437 0.009564873 3.407937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.038132935 0.129954677 0.001056542 3.407937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.605818931 2.064593339 0.016785312 3.407937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.100945911 0.344017402 0.002796889 3.407937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.483318098 1.647118099 0.013391204 3.407937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.466125211 1.588525808 0.012914844 3.407937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.195277127 0.665492338 0.005410507 3.407937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.119951432 3.816725013 0.031030285 3.407937973 Red Lion CBD 0.092489046 0.315196933 0.002562577 3.407937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.631814183 1.393294346 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.35336417 1.245881648 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.593050211 0.843367995 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.78260658 2.531933581 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.594543301 0.314753916 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 1.912491588 1.012481707 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.185846778 1.157197182 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.092770815 0.578517818 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.66200085 0.879870776 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.426238472 1.813866162 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.99892396 0.528834868 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.358403806 8.145285197 0.066221831 1.86886887 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 12.48598163 23.33466239 0.189712702 1.86886887 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.267308389 2.368433196 0.019255554 1.86886887 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 7.364780245 13.76380853 0.111900882 1.86886887 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.460348364 6.466937337 0.052576726 1.86886887 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.545700045 4.757579567 0.038679509 1.86886887 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 5.043927102 9.426438343 0.07663771 1.86886887 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.977251544 1.826354988 0.014848415 1.86886887 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.975982615 3.692852397 0.03002319 1.86886887 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.590964326 12.31764805 0.10014348 1.86886887

Moore 144

Build Out Visualization (HE-4): I-71 Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 11.80275096 0 0 0 Garden District Area 17.51181462 0 0 0 Park District Area 19.25771484 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.51419998 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.161944542 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.345217385 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.038132935 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.605818931 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.100945911 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.483318098 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.466125211 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.195277127 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.119951432 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.092489046 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.631814183 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.35336417 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.593050211 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.78260658 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.594543301 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.912491588 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 2.185846778 4.850755721 0.039437038 3.432030715 Main Street Corridor Corridor 1.092770815 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.66200085 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.426238472 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.99892396 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 4.358403806 13.5363185 0.11005137 3.432030715 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 12.48598163 37.89740729 0.308109002 3.432030715 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.267308389 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 7.364780245 25.2226153 0.205061913 3.432030715 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.460348364 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.545700045 8.736920747 0.071031876 3.432030715 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 5.043927102 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.977251544 3.353957315 0.027267946 3.432030715 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.975982615 6.781633111 0.055135229 3.432030715 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.590964326 22.62039201 0.183905626 3.432030715

Moore 145

Build-Out Visualization (LE-1): Base Scenario

New Calculated Percent of Percent of NAME Type Development Acreage All Clusters Cluster Type Area Franklin Township Area 1458.696601 0.095957325 0.235647441 5.469567518 Garden District Area 2164.277172 0.142372477 0.349631567 8.115231168 Park District Area 2380.052182 0.156566787 0.384489281 8.924306876 Western Lebanon Area 187.139284 0.012310569 0.030231711 0.70170243 Deerfield Station CBD 20.014652 0.001316622 0.044869671 0.075047471 Downtown Franklin CBD 42.665259 0.002806645 0.095648735 0.159978788 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 4.712832 0.000310024 0.010565421 0.01767136 Downtown Lebanon CBD 74.872885 0.004925357 0.167853117 0.280745358 Downtown Maineville CBD 12.475859 0.000820698 0.027968894 0.046779812 Downtown Mason CBD 59.733063 0.003929415 0.133912041 0.22397668 Downtown Morrow CBD 57.608202 0.003789636 0.12914844 0.216009244 Downtown Springboro CBD 24.134211 0.001587619 0.054105068 0.090494279 Downtown Waynesville CBD 138.414286 0.009105296 0.310302847 0.519001883 Red Lion CBD 11.430679 0.000751943 0.025625767 0.042860778 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 325.264713 0.021396863 0.113275963 1.219621207 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 290.851203 0.019133042 0.101291191 1.090583396 E Second St Corridor Corridor 196.884348 0.012951628 0.068566504 0.738242781 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 591.080163 0.03888298 0.205848259 2.216329878 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 73.479335 0.004833685 0.025589749 0.275520066 Hoptown Corridor 236.363962 0.015548712 0.082315586 0.88627659 Landen Corridor Corridor 270.147805 0.017771112 0.094081072 1.012953385 Main Street Corridor Corridor 135.055046 0.008884316 0.047033969 0.506405988 N Main St Corridor Corridor 205.405926 0.013512202 0.071534209 0.770195516 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 423.447248 0.027855597 0.147468794 1.587769048 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 123.456556 0.008121333 0.042994705 0.462915981 Countryside Interchange Interchange 538.653136 0.035434177 0.094602616 2.019748105 Fields Ertel / Mason-Montgomery Interchange 1543.136768 0.101512046 0.271018146 5.786186611 Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange Interchange 156.626065 0.01030332 0.027507935 0.587289253 Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 910.209827 0.059876262 0.159858403 3.412946943 Monroe Interchange Interchange 427.662874 0.028132914 0.075109609 1.603576071 Rivers Crossing Interchange 314.621906 0.020696748 0.055256441 1.179714655 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 623.376647 0.041007537 0.109482443 2.337429633 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 120.778072 0.007945135 0.021212021 0.452872667 Western Row Interchange Interchange 244.210789 0.016064899 0.042890272 0.915699261 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 814.574271 0.053585076 0.143062114 3.054349322 Moore 146

Build Out Visualization (LE-1): CBD Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.469567518 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.115231168 0 0 0 Park District Area 8.924306876 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.70170243 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.075047471 2.557571253 0.044869671 34.07937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.159978788 5.451977876 0.095648735 34.07937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.01767136 0.602228989 0.010565421 34.07937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.280745358 9.56762767 0.167853117 34.07937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.046779812 1.594226986 0.027968894 34.07937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.22397668 7.632986313 0.133912041 34.07937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.216009244 7.361461062 0.12914844 34.07937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.090494279 3.083988883 0.054105068 34.07937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.519001883 17.68726225 0.310302847 34.07937973 Red Lion CBD 0.042860778 1.460668715 0.025625767 34.07937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.219621207 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.090583396 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.738242781 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.216329878 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.275520066 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.88627659 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.012953385 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.506405988 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.770195516 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.587769048 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.462915981 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.019748105 0 0 0 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 5.786186611 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.587289253 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.412946943 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.603576071 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.179714655 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.337429633 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.452872667 0 0 0 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.915699261 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.054349322 0 0 0

Moore 147

Build Out Visualization (LE-1): CBD Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.469567518 1.343190417 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 8.115231168 1.992899931 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 8.924306876 2.191588902 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 0.70170243 0.17232075 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.075047471 1.790299877 0.03140877 23.85556581 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.159978788 3.816384514 0.066954114 23.85556581 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.01767136 0.421560292 0.007395795 23.85556581 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.280745358 6.697339369 0.117497182 23.85556581 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.046779812 1.11595889 0.019578226 23.85556581 Downtown Mason CBD 0.22397668 5.343090419 0.093738428 23.85556581 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.216009244 5.153022743 0.090403908 23.85556581 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.090494279 2.158792218 0.037873548 23.85556581 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.519001883 12.38108358 0.217211993 23.85556581 Red Lion CBD 0.042860778 1.0224681 0.017938037 23.85556581 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.219621207 0.64567299 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.090583396 0.577359788 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.738242781 0.390829071 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.216329878 1.173335074 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.275520066 0.145861571 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 0.88627659 0.46919884 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.012953385 0.536262109 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.506405988 0.268093623 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.770195516 0.407744994 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.587769048 0.840572124 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.462915981 0.245069817 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.019748105 0.539234909 0.009460262 0.266981267 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 5.786186611 1.544803433 0.027101815 0.266981267 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.587289253 0.156795229 0.002750793 0.266981267 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.412946943 0.911192899 0.01598584 0.266981267 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.603576071 0.428124771 0.007510961 0.266981267 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.179714655 0.314961713 0.005525644 0.266981267 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.337429633 0.624049925 0.010948244 0.266981267 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.452872667 0.120908518 0.002121202 0.266981267 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.915699261 0.244474549 0.004289027 0.266981267 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.054349322 0.815454052 0.014306211 0.266981267

Moore 148

Build Out Visualization (LE-1): Even Dispersion

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.469567518 3.357976041 0.05891186 0.613938128 Garden District Area 8.115231168 4.982249829 0.087407892 0.613938128 Park District Area 8.924306876 5.478972254 0.09612232 0.613938128 Western Lebanon Area 0.70170243 0.430801876 0.007557928 0.613938128 Deerfield Station CBD 0.075047471 0.639392813 0.011217418 8.519844932 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.159978788 1.362994469 0.023912184 8.519844932 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.01767136 0.150557247 0.002641355 8.519844932 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.280745358 2.391906918 0.041963279 8.519844932 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.046779812 0.398556746 0.006992224 8.519844932 Downtown Mason CBD 0.22397668 1.908246578 0.03347801 8.519844932 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.216009244 1.840365265 0.03228711 8.519844932 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.090494279 0.770997221 0.013526267 8.519844932 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.519001883 4.421815563 0.077575712 8.519844932 Red Lion CBD 0.042860778 0.365167179 0.006406442 8.519844932 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.219621207 1.614182475 0.028318991 1.323511321 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.090583396 1.443399471 0.025322798 1.323511321 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.738242781 0.977072678 0.017141626 1.323511321 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.216329878 2.933337685 0.051462065 1.323511321 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.275520066 0.364653927 0.006397437 1.323511321 Hoptown Corridor 0.88627659 1.1729971 0.020578896 1.323511321 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.012953385 1.340655272 0.023520268 1.323511321 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.506405988 0.670234057 0.011758492 1.323511321 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.770195516 1.019362484 0.017883552 1.323511321 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.587769048 2.10143031 0.036867198 1.323511321 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.462915981 0.612674542 0.010748676 1.323511321 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.019748105 1.348087271 0.023650654 0.667453168 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 5.786186611 3.862008583 0.067754537 0.667453168 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.587289253 0.391988073 0.006876984 0.667453168 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.412946943 2.277982249 0.039964601 0.667453168 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.603576071 1.070311929 0.018777402 0.667453168 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.179714655 0.787404284 0.01381411 0.667453168 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.337429633 1.560124813 0.027370611 0.667453168 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.452872667 0.302271296 0.005303005 0.667453168 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.915699261 0.611186372 0.010722568 0.667453168 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.054349322 2.038635131 0.035765529 0.667453168

Moore 149

Build Out Visualization (LE-1): Fort Ancient Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.469567518 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.115231168 0 0 0 Park District Area 8.924306876 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.70170243 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.075047471 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.159978788 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.01767136 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.280745358 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.046779812 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.22397668 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.216009244 1.56502598 0.027456596 7.245180571 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.090494279 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.519001883 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.042860778 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.219621207 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.090583396 5.677584184 0.09960674 7.245180571 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.738242781 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.216329878 16.05770996 0.28171421 7.245180571 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.275520066 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.88627659 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.012953385 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.506405988 2.506770568 0.043978431 7.245180571 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.770195516 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.587769048 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.462915981 3.353909929 0.058840525 7.245180571 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.019748105 2.428542717 0.042606013 7.245180571 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 5.786186611 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.587289253 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.412946943 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.603576071 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.179714655 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.337429633 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.452872667 3.281144273 0.057563935 7.245180571 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.915699261 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.054349322 22.12931239 0.388233551 7.245180571

Moore 150

Build Out Visualization (LE-1): Interchange/Corridor Split

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.469567518 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.115231168 0 0 0 Park District Area 8.924306876 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.70170243 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.075047471 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.159978788 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.01767136 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.280745358 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.046779812 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.22397668 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.216009244 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.090494279 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.519001883 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.042860778 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.219621207 3.228364949 0.056637982 2.647022642 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.090583396 2.886798941 0.050645595 2.647022642 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.738242781 1.954145355 0.034283252 2.647022642 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.216329878 5.866675369 0.102924129 2.647022642 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.275520066 0.729307853 0.012794875 2.647022642 Hoptown Corridor 0.88627659 2.3459942 0.041157793 2.647022642 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.012953385 2.681310545 0.047040536 2.647022642 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.506405988 1.340468115 0.023516984 2.647022642 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.770195516 2.038724969 0.035767105 2.647022642 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.587769048 4.20286062 0.073734397 2.647022642 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.462915981 1.225349084 0.021497352 2.647022642 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.019748105 2.696174543 0.047301308 1.334906336 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 5.786186611 7.724017167 0.135509073 1.334906336 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.587289253 0.783976145 0.013753967 1.334906336 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.412946943 4.555964497 0.079929202 1.334906336 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.603576071 2.140623857 0.037554805 1.334906336 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.179714655 1.574808567 0.02762822 1.334906336 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.337429633 3.120249626 0.054741222 1.334906336 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.452872667 0.604542592 0.01060601 1.334906336 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.915699261 1.222372745 0.021445136 1.334906336 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.054349322 4.077270261 0.071531057 1.334906336

Moore 151

Build Out Visualization (LE-1): Interchange Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.469567518 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.115231168 0 0 0 Park District Area 8.924306876 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.70170243 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.075047471 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.159978788 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.01767136 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.280745358 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.046779812 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.22397668 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.216009244 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.090494279 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.519001883 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.042860778 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.219621207 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.090583396 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.738242781 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.216329878 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.275520066 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.88627659 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.012953385 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.506405988 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.770195516 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.587769048 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.462915981 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.019748105 5.392349085 0.094602616 2.669812671 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 5.786186611 15.44803433 0.271018146 2.669812671 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.587289253 1.56795229 0.027507935 2.669812671 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.412946943 9.111928994 0.159858403 2.669812671 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.603576071 4.281247714 0.075109609 2.669812671 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.179714655 3.149617135 0.055256441 2.669812671 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.337429633 6.240499252 0.109482443 2.669812671 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.452872667 1.209085184 0.021212021 2.669812671 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.915699261 2.444745489 0.042890272 2.669812671 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.054349322 8.154540522 0.143062114 2.669812671

Moore 152

Build Out Visualization (LE-1): Interchange Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.469567518 1.343190417 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 8.115231168 1.992899931 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 8.924306876 2.191588902 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 0.70170243 0.17232075 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.075047471 0.255757125 0.004486967 3.407937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.159978788 0.545197788 0.009564873 3.407937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.01767136 0.060222899 0.001056542 3.407937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.280745358 0.956762767 0.016785312 3.407937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.046779812 0.159422699 0.002796889 3.407937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.22397668 0.763298631 0.013391204 3.407937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.216009244 0.736146106 0.012914844 3.407937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.090494279 0.308398888 0.005410507 3.407937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.519001883 1.768726225 0.031030285 3.407937973 Red Lion CBD 0.042860778 0.146066871 0.002562577 3.407937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.219621207 0.64567299 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.090583396 0.577359788 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.738242781 0.390829071 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.216329878 1.173335074 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.275520066 0.145861571 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 0.88627659 0.46919884 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.012953385 0.536262109 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.506405988 0.268093623 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.770195516 0.407744994 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.587769048 0.840572124 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.462915981 0.245069817 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.019748105 3.77464436 0.066221831 1.86886887 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 5.786186611 10.81362403 0.189712702 1.86886887 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.587289253 1.097566603 0.019255554 1.86886887 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.412946943 6.378350296 0.111900882 1.86886887 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.603576071 2.9968734 0.052576726 1.86886887 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.179714655 2.204731994 0.038679509 1.86886887 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.337429633 4.368349476 0.07663771 1.86886887 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.452872667 0.846359629 0.014848415 1.86886887 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.915699261 1.711321843 0.03002319 1.86886887 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.054349322 5.708178366 0.10014348 1.86886887

Moore 153

Build Out Visualization (LE-1): I-71 Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.469567518 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.115231168 0 0 0 Park District Area 8.924306876 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.70170243 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.075047471 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.159978788 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.01767136 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.280745358 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.046779812 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.22397668 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.216009244 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.090494279 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.519001883 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.042860778 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.219621207 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.090583396 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.738242781 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.216329878 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.275520066 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.88627659 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.012953385 2.247911188 0.039437038 3.432030715 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.506405988 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.770195516 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.587769048 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.462915981 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.019748105 6.272928087 0.11005137 3.432030715 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 5.786186611 17.56221314 0.308109002 3.432030715 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.587289253 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.412946943 11.68852904 0.205061913 3.432030715 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.603576071 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.179714655 4.048816932 0.071031876 3.432030715 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.337429633 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.452872667 1.554272902 0.027267946 3.432030715 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.915699261 3.142708027 0.055135229 3.432030715 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.054349322 10.48262069 0.183905626 3.432030715

Moore 154

Build-Out Visualization (LE-2): Base Scenario

New Calculated Percent of Percent of NAME Type Development Acreage All Clusters Cluster Type Area Franklin Township Area 1458.696601 0.095957325 0.235647441 2.974677071 Garden District Area 2164.277172 0.142372477 0.349631567 4.413546775 Park District Area 2380.052182 0.156566787 0.384489281 4.853570406 Western Lebanon Area 187.139284 0.012310569 0.030231711 0.381627637 Deerfield Station CBD 20.014652 0.001316622 0.044869671 0.040815291 Downtown Franklin CBD 42.665259 0.002806645 0.095648735 0.087006008 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 4.712832 0.000310024 0.010565421 0.00961074 Downtown Lebanon CBD 74.872885 0.004925357 0.167853117 0.152686072 Downtown Maineville CBD 12.475859 0.000820698 0.027968894 0.025441652 Downtown Mason CBD 59.733063 0.003929415 0.133912041 0.121811878 Downtown Morrow CBD 57.608202 0.003789636 0.12914844 0.117478712 Downtown Springboro CBD 24.134211 0.001587619 0.054105068 0.049216187 Downtown Waynesville CBD 138.414286 0.009105296 0.310302847 0.282264182 Red Lion CBD 11.430679 0.000751943 0.025625767 0.023310247 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 325.264713 0.021396863 0.113275963 0.663302762 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 290.851203 0.019133042 0.101291191 0.593124303 E Second St Corridor Corridor 196.884348 0.012951628 0.068566504 0.40150046 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 591.080163 0.03888298 0.205848259 1.20537239 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 73.479335 0.004833685 0.025589749 0.149844246 Hoptown Corridor 236.363962 0.015548712 0.082315586 0.482010075 Landen Corridor Corridor 270.147805 0.017771112 0.094081072 0.550904472 Main Street Corridor Corridor 135.055046 0.008884316 0.047033969 0.275413783 N Main St Corridor Corridor 205.405926 0.013512202 0.071534209 0.418878263 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 423.447248 0.027855597 0.147468794 0.863523517 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 123.456556 0.008121333 0.042994705 0.251761323 Countryside Interchange Interchange 538.653136 0.035434177 0.094602616 1.098459496 Fields Ertel / Mason-Montgomery Interchange 1543.136768 0.101512046 0.271018146 3.14687342 Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange Interchange 156.626065 0.01030332 0.027507935 0.319402927 Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 910.209827 0.059876262 0.159858403 1.856164127 Monroe Interchange Interchange 427.662874 0.028132914 0.075109609 0.872120319 Rivers Crossing Interchange 314.621906 0.020696748 0.055256441 0.641599198 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 623.376647 0.041007537 0.109482443 1.27123366 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 120.778072 0.007945135 0.021212021 0.24629917 Western Row Interchange Interchange 244.210789 0.016064899 0.042890272 0.498011879 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 814.574271 0.053585076 0.143062114 1.66113735 Moore 155

Build Out Visualization (LE-2): CBD Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 2.974677071 0 0 0 Garden District Area 4.413546775 0 0 0 Park District Area 4.853570406 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.381627637 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.040815291 1.390959804 0.044869671 34.07937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.087006008 2.965110775 0.095648735 34.07937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.00961074 0.327528047 0.010565421 34.07937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.152686072 5.203446628 0.167853117 34.07937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.025441652 0.867035729 0.027968894 34.07937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.121811878 4.151273258 0.133912041 34.07937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.117478712 4.00360163 0.12914844 34.07937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.049216187 1.677257112 0.054105068 34.07937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.282264182 9.619388243 0.310302847 34.07937973 Red Lion CBD 0.023310247 0.794398775 0.025625767 34.07937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.663302762 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.593124303 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.40150046 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.20537239 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.149844246 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.482010075 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 0.550904472 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.275413783 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.418878263 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 0.863523517 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.251761323 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 1.098459496 0 0 0 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 3.14687342 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.319402927 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 1.856164127 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 0.872120319 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 0.641599198 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 1.27123366 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.24629917 0 0 0 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.498011879 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 1.66113735 0 0 0

Moore 156

Build Out Visualization (LE-2): CBD Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 2.974677071 0.730507069 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 4.413546775 1.083857857 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 4.853570406 1.191916771 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 0.381627637 0.093718303 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.040815291 0.973671863 0.03140877 23.85556581 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.087006008 2.075577542 0.066954114 23.85556581 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.00961074 0.229269633 0.007395795 23.85556581 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.152686072 3.642412639 0.117497182 23.85556581 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.025441652 0.60692501 0.019578226 23.85556581 Downtown Mason CBD 0.121811878 2.90589128 0.093738428 23.85556581 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.117478712 2.802521141 0.090403908 23.85556581 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.049216187 1.174079978 0.037873548 23.85556581 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.282264182 6.73357177 0.217211993 23.85556581 Red Lion CBD 0.023310247 0.556079142 0.017938037 23.85556581 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.663302762 0.351155486 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.593124303 0.314002692 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.40150046 0.212556161 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.20537239 0.638129602 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.149844246 0.079328223 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 0.482010075 0.255178316 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 0.550904472 0.291651322 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.275413783 0.145805304 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.418878263 0.221756049 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 0.863523517 0.45715326 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.251761323 0.133283585 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 1.098459496 0.293268108 0.009460262 0.266981267 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 3.14687342 0.840156253 0.027101815 0.266981267 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.319402927 0.085274598 0.002750793 0.266981267 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 1.856164127 0.495561051 0.01598584 0.266981267 Monroe Interchange Interchange 0.872120319 0.232839788 0.007510961 0.266981267 Rivers Crossing Interchange 0.641599198 0.171294967 0.005525644 0.266981267 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 1.27123366 0.339395573 0.010948244 0.266981267 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.24629917 0.065757264 0.002121202 0.266981267 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.498011879 0.132959842 0.004289027 0.266981267 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 1.66113735 0.443492555 0.014306211 0.266981267

Moore 157

Build Out Visualization (LE-2): Even Dispersion

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 2.974677071 1.826267672 0.05891186 0.613938128 Garden District Area 4.413546775 2.709644644 0.087407892 0.613938128 Park District Area 4.853570406 2.979791928 0.09612232 0.613938128 Western Lebanon Area 0.381627637 0.234295757 0.007557928 0.613938128 Deerfield Station CBD 0.040815291 0.347739951 0.011217418 8.519844932 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.087006008 0.741277694 0.023912184 8.519844932 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.00961074 0.081882012 0.002641355 8.519844932 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.152686072 1.300861657 0.041963279 8.519844932 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.025441652 0.216758932 0.006992224 8.519844932 Downtown Mason CBD 0.121811878 1.037818314 0.03347801 8.519844932 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.117478712 1.000900407 0.03228711 8.519844932 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.049216187 0.419314278 0.013526267 8.519844932 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.282264182 2.404847061 0.077575712 8.519844932 Red Lion CBD 0.023310247 0.198599694 0.006406442 8.519844932 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.663302762 0.877888714 0.028318991 1.323511321 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.593124303 0.78500673 0.025322798 1.323511321 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.40150046 0.531390404 0.017141626 1.323511321 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.20537239 1.595324004 0.051462065 1.323511321 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.149844246 0.198320557 0.006397437 1.323511321 Hoptown Corridor 0.482010075 0.637945791 0.020578896 1.323511321 Landen Corridor Corridor 0.550904472 0.729128306 0.023520268 1.323511321 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.275413783 0.364513259 0.011758492 1.323511321 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.418878263 0.554390123 0.017883552 1.323511321 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 0.863523517 1.142883151 0.036867198 1.323511321 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.251761323 0.333208961 0.010748676 1.323511321 Countryside Interchange Interchange 1.098459496 0.73317027 0.023650654 0.667453168 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 3.14687342 2.100390633 0.067754537 0.667453168 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.319402927 0.213186496 0.006876984 0.667453168 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 1.856164127 1.238902626 0.039964601 0.667453168 Monroe Interchange Interchange 0.872120319 0.58209947 0.018777402 0.667453168 Rivers Crossing Interchange 0.641599198 0.428237417 0.01381411 0.667453168 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 1.27123366 0.848488933 0.027370611 0.667453168 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.24629917 0.164393161 0.005303005 0.667453168 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.498011879 0.332399606 0.010722568 0.667453168 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 1.66113735 1.108731387 0.035765529 0.667453168

Moore 158

Build Out Visualization (LE-2): Fort Ancient Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 2.974677071 0 0 0 Garden District Area 4.413546775 0 0 0 Park District Area 4.853570406 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.381627637 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.040815291 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.087006008 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.00961074 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.152686072 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.025441652 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.121811878 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.117478712 0.85115448 0.027456596 7.245180571 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.049216187 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.282264182 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.023310247 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.663302762 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.593124303 3.087808942 0.09960674 7.245180571 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.40150046 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.20537239 8.733140503 0.28171421 7.245180571 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.149844246 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.482010075 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 0.550904472 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.275413783 1.363331362 0.043978431 7.245180571 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.418878263 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 0.863523517 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.251761323 1.824056277 0.058840525 7.245180571 Countryside Interchange Interchange 1.098459496 1.32078639 0.042606013 7.245180571 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 3.14687342 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.319402927 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 1.856164127 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 0.872120319 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 0.641599198 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 1.27123366 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.24629917 1.784481973 0.057563935 7.245180571 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.498011879 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 1.66113735 12.03524007 0.388233551 7.245180571

Moore 159

Build Out Visualization (LE-2): Interchange/Corridor Split

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 2.974677071 0 0 0 Garden District Area 4.413546775 0 0 0 Park District Area 4.853570406 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.381627637 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.040815291 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.087006008 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.00961074 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.152686072 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.025441652 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.121811878 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.117478712 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.049216187 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.282264182 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.023310247 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.663302762 1.755777428 0.056637982 2.647022642 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.593124303 1.570013459 0.050645595 2.647022642 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.40150046 1.062780807 0.034283252 2.647022642 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.20537239 3.190648008 0.102924129 2.647022642 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.149844246 0.396641113 0.012794875 2.647022642 Hoptown Corridor 0.482010075 1.275891582 0.041157793 2.647022642 Landen Corridor Corridor 0.550904472 1.458256612 0.047040536 2.647022642 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.275413783 0.729026519 0.023516984 2.647022642 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.418878263 1.108780246 0.035767105 2.647022642 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 0.863523517 2.285766302 0.073734397 2.647022642 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.251761323 0.666417923 0.021497352 2.647022642 Countryside Interchange Interchange 1.098459496 1.466340541 0.047301308 1.334906336 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 3.14687342 4.200781266 0.135509073 1.334906336 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.319402927 0.426372991 0.013753967 1.334906336 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 1.856164127 2.477805253 0.079929202 1.334906336 Monroe Interchange Interchange 0.872120319 1.16419894 0.037554805 1.334906336 Rivers Crossing Interchange 0.641599198 0.856474835 0.02762822 1.334906336 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 1.27123366 1.696977867 0.054741222 1.334906336 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.24629917 0.328786322 0.01060601 1.334906336 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.498011879 0.664799212 0.021445136 1.334906336 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 1.66113735 2.217462774 0.071531057 1.334906336

Moore 160

Build Out Visualization (LE-2): Interchange Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 2.974677071 0 0 0 Garden District Area 4.413546775 0 0 0 Park District Area 4.853570406 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.381627637 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.040815291 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.087006008 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.00961074 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.152686072 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.025441652 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.121811878 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.117478712 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.049216187 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.282264182 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.023310247 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.663302762 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.593124303 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.40150046 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.20537239 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.149844246 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.482010075 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 0.550904472 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.275413783 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.418878263 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 0.863523517 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.251761323 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 1.098459496 2.932681081 0.094602616 2.669812671 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 3.14687342 8.401562532 0.271018146 2.669812671 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.319402927 0.852745982 0.027507935 2.669812671 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 1.856164127 4.955610506 0.159858403 2.669812671 Monroe Interchange Interchange 0.872120319 2.32839788 0.075109609 2.669812671 Rivers Crossing Interchange 0.641599198 1.71294967 0.055256441 2.669812671 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 1.27123366 3.393955733 0.109482443 2.669812671 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.24629917 0.657572644 0.021212021 2.669812671 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.498011879 1.329598424 0.042890272 2.669812671 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 1.66113735 4.434925547 0.143062114 2.669812671

Moore 161

Build Out Visualization (LE-2): Interchange Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 2.974677071 0.730507069 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 4.413546775 1.083857857 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 4.853570406 1.191916771 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 0.381627637 0.093718303 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.040815291 0.13909598 0.004486967 3.407937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.087006008 0.296511077 0.009564873 3.407937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.00961074 0.032752805 0.001056542 3.407937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.152686072 0.520344663 0.016785312 3.407937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.025441652 0.086703573 0.002796889 3.407937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.121811878 0.415127326 0.013391204 3.407937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.117478712 0.400360163 0.012914844 3.407937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.049216187 0.167725711 0.005410507 3.407937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.282264182 0.961938824 0.031030285 3.407937973 Red Lion CBD 0.023310247 0.079439877 0.002562577 3.407937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.663302762 0.351155486 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.593124303 0.314002692 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.40150046 0.212556161 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.20537239 0.638129602 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.149844246 0.079328223 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 0.482010075 0.255178316 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 0.550904472 0.291651322 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.275413783 0.145805304 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.418878263 0.221756049 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 0.863523517 0.45715326 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.251761323 0.133283585 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 1.098459496 2.052876757 0.066221831 1.86886887 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 3.14687342 5.881093773 0.189712702 1.86886887 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.319402927 0.596922188 0.019255554 1.86886887 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 1.856164127 3.468927354 0.111900882 1.86886887 Monroe Interchange Interchange 0.872120319 1.629878516 0.052576726 1.86886887 Rivers Crossing Interchange 0.641599198 1.199064769 0.038679509 1.86886887 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 1.27123366 2.375769013 0.07663771 1.86886887 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.24629917 0.460300851 0.014848415 1.86886887 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.498011879 0.930718897 0.03002319 1.86886887 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 1.66113735 3.104447883 0.10014348 1.86886887

Moore 162

Build Out Visualization (LE-2): I-71 Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 2.974677071 0 0 0 Garden District Area 4.413546775 0 0 0 Park District Area 4.853570406 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.381627637 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.040815291 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.087006008 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.00961074 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.152686072 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.025441652 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.121811878 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.117478712 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.049216187 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.282264182 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.023310247 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.663302762 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 0.593124303 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.40150046 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 1.20537239 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.149844246 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.482010075 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 0.550904472 1.22254819 0.039437038 3.432030715 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.275413783 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.418878263 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 0.863523517 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.251761323 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 1.098459496 3.411592468 0.11005137 3.432030715 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 3.14687342 9.551379074 0.308109002 3.432030715 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.319402927 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 1.856164127 6.356919303 0.205061913 3.432030715 Monroe Interchange Interchange 0.872120319 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 0.641599198 2.201988156 0.071031876 3.432030715 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 1.27123366 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.24629917 0.845306315 0.027267946 3.432030715 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.498011879 1.709192085 0.055135229 3.432030715 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 1.66113735 5.701074409 0.183905626 3.432030715

Moore 163

Build-Out Visualization (LE-3): Base Scenario

New Calculated Percent of Percent of NAME Type Development Acreage All Clusters Cluster Type Area Franklin Township Area 1458.696601 0.095957325 0.235647441 10.74722039 Garden District Area 2164.277172 0.142372477 0.349631567 15.94571738 Park District Area 2380.052182 0.156566787 0.384489281 17.53548018 Western Lebanon Area 187.139284 0.012310569 0.030231711 1.378783722 Deerfield Station CBD 20.014652 0.001316622 0.044869671 0.147461697 Downtown Franklin CBD 42.665259 0.002806645 0.095648735 0.314344286 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 4.712832 0.000310024 0.010565421 0.034722672 Downtown Lebanon CBD 74.872885 0.004925357 0.167853117 0.551640002 Downtown Maineville CBD 12.475859 0.000820698 0.027968894 0.091918228 Downtown Mason CBD 59.733063 0.003929415 0.133912041 0.440094528 Downtown Morrow CBD 57.608202 0.003789636 0.12914844 0.424439217 Downtown Springboro CBD 24.134211 0.001587619 0.054105068 0.177813319 Downtown Waynesville CBD 138.414286 0.009105296 0.310302847 1.019793174 Red Lion CBD 11.430679 0.000751943 0.025625767 0.084217668 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 325.264713 0.021396863 0.113275963 2.396448687 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 290.851203 0.019133042 0.101291191 2.142900708 E Second St Corridor Corridor 196.884348 0.012951628 0.068566504 1.450582306 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 591.080163 0.03888298 0.205848259 4.354893796 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 73.479335 0.004833685 0.025589749 0.541372762 Hoptown Corridor 236.363962 0.015548712 0.082315586 1.741455755 Landen Corridor Corridor 270.147805 0.017771112 0.094081072 1.990364546 Main Street Corridor Corridor 135.055046 0.008884316 0.047033969 0.995043344 N Main St Corridor Corridor 205.405926 0.013512202 0.071534209 1.513366627 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 423.447248 0.027855597 0.147468794 3.119826901 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 123.456556 0.008121333 0.042994705 0.909589297 Countryside Interchange Interchange 538.653136 0.035434177 0.094602616 3.968627856 Fields Ertel / Mason-Montgomery Interchange 1543.136768 0.101512046 0.271018146 11.36934913 Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange Interchange 156.626065 0.01030332 0.027507935 1.153971866 Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 910.209827 0.059876262 0.159858403 6.706141361 Monroe Interchange Interchange 427.662874 0.028132914 0.075109609 3.150886315 Rivers Crossing Interchange 314.621906 0.020696748 0.055256441 2.318035814 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 623.376647 0.041007537 0.109482443 4.59284419 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 120.778072 0.007945135 0.021212021 0.889855064 Western Row Interchange Interchange 244.210789 0.016064899 0.042890272 1.799268723 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 814.574271 0.053585076 0.143062114 6.001528492 Moore 164

Build Out Visualization (LE-3): CBD Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.74722039 0 0 0 Garden District Area 15.94571738 0 0 0 Park District Area 17.53548018 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.378783722 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.147461697 5.025403163 0.044869671 34.07937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.314344286 10.71265828 0.095648735 34.07937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.034722672 1.183327137 0.010565421 34.07937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.551640002 18.79954911 0.167853117 34.07937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.091918228 3.132516183 0.027968894 34.07937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.440094528 14.99814854 0.133912041 34.07937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.424439217 14.46462524 0.12914844 34.07937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.177813319 6.059767629 0.054105068 34.07937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.019793174 34.75391881 0.310302847 34.07937973 Red Lion CBD 0.084217668 2.870085895 0.025625767 34.07937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.396448687 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.142900708 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.450582306 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.354893796 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.541372762 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.741455755 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.990364546 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.995043344 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.513366627 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.119826901 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.909589297 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 3.968627856 0 0 0 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.36934913 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.153971866 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.706141361 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.150886315 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.318035814 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.59284419 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.889855064 0 0 0 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.799268723 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.001528492 0 0 0

Moore 165

Build Out Visualization (LE-3): CBD Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.74722039 2.639251345 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 15.94571738 3.915873549 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 17.53548018 4.306279947 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 1.378783722 0.338595159 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.147461697 3.517782214 0.03140877 23.85556581 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.314344286 7.498860799 0.066954114 23.85556581 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.034722672 0.828328996 0.007395795 23.85556581 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.551640002 13.15968437 0.117497182 23.85556581 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.091918228 2.192761328 0.019578226 23.85556581 Downtown Mason CBD 0.440094528 10.49870398 0.093738428 23.85556581 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.424439217 10.12523767 0.090403908 23.85556581 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.177813319 4.241837341 0.037873548 23.85556581 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.019793174 24.32774317 0.217211993 23.85556581 Red Lion CBD 0.084217668 2.009060127 0.017938037 23.85556581 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.396448687 1.268690787 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.142900708 1.134461338 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.450582306 0.767944841 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.354893796 2.305500496 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.541372762 0.286605191 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 1.741455755 0.921934563 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.990364546 1.053708003 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.995043344 0.526780452 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.513366627 0.801183146 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.119826901 1.651650489 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.909589297 0.481540693 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 3.968627856 1.059549294 0.009460262 0.266981267 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.36934913 3.035403238 0.027101815 0.266981267 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.153971866 0.308088871 0.002750793 0.266981267 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.706141361 1.790414118 0.01598584 0.266981267 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.150886315 0.841227621 0.007510961 0.266981267 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.318035814 0.618872139 0.005525644 0.266981267 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.59284419 1.226203362 0.010948244 0.266981267 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.889855064 0.237574633 0.002121202 0.266981267 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.799268723 0.480371044 0.004289027 0.266981267 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.001528492 1.602295682 0.014306211 0.266981267

Moore 166

Build Out Visualization (LE-3): Even Dispersion

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.74722039 6.598128362 0.05891186 0.613938128 Garden District Area 15.94571738 9.789683874 0.087407892 0.613938128 Park District Area 17.53548018 10.76569987 0.09612232 0.613938128 Western Lebanon Area 1.378783722 0.846487896 0.007557928 0.613938128 Deerfield Station CBD 0.147461697 1.256350791 0.011217418 8.519844932 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.314344286 2.678164571 0.023912184 8.519844932 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.034722672 0.295831784 0.002641355 8.519844932 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.551640002 4.699887277 0.041963279 8.519844932 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.091918228 0.783129046 0.006992224 8.519844932 Downtown Mason CBD 0.440094528 3.749537136 0.03347801 8.519844932 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.424439217 3.616156311 0.03228711 8.519844932 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.177813319 1.514941907 0.013526267 8.519844932 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.019793174 8.688479704 0.077575712 8.519844932 Red Lion CBD 0.084217668 0.717521474 0.006406442 8.519844932 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.396448687 3.171726967 0.028318991 1.323511321 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.142900708 2.836153346 0.025322798 1.323511321 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.450582306 1.919862103 0.017141626 1.323511321 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.354893796 5.76375124 0.051462065 1.323511321 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.541372762 0.716512979 0.006397437 1.323511321 Hoptown Corridor 1.741455755 2.304836407 0.020578896 1.323511321 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.990364546 2.634270009 0.023520268 1.323511321 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.995043344 1.31695113 0.011758492 1.323511321 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.513366627 2.002957864 0.017883552 1.323511321 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.119826901 4.129126223 0.036867198 1.323511321 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.909589297 1.203851732 0.010748676 1.323511321 Countryside Interchange Interchange 3.968627856 2.648873235 0.023650654 0.667453168 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.36934913 7.588508094 0.067754537 0.667453168 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.153971866 0.770222178 0.006876984 0.667453168 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.706141361 4.476035295 0.039964601 0.667453168 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.150886315 2.103069053 0.018777402 0.667453168 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.318035814 1.547180347 0.01381411 0.667453168 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.59284419 3.065508404 0.027370611 0.667453168 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.889855064 0.593936582 0.005303005 0.667453168 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.799268723 1.200927609 0.010722568 0.667453168 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.001528492 4.005739204 0.035765529 0.667453168

Moore 167

Build Out Visualization (LE-3): Fort Ancient Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.74722039 0 0 0 Garden District Area 15.94571738 0 0 0 Park District Area 17.53548018 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.378783722 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.147461697 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.314344286 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.034722672 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.551640002 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.091918228 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.440094528 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.424439217 3.075138768 0.027456596 7.245180571 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.177813319 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.019793174 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.084217668 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.396448687 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.142900708 11.15595489 0.09960674 7.245180571 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.450582306 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.354893796 31.55199149 0.28171421 7.245180571 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.541372762 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.741455755 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.990364546 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.995043344 4.925584275 0.043978431 7.245180571 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.513366627 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.119826901 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.909589297 6.590138808 0.058840525 7.245180571 Countryside Interchange Interchange 3.968627856 4.771873409 0.042606013 7.245180571 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.36934913 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.153971866 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.706141361 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.150886315 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.318035814 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.59284419 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.889855064 6.447160677 0.057563935 7.245180571 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.799268723 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.001528492 43.48215768 0.388233551 7.245180571

Moore 168

Build Out Visualization (LE-3): Interchange/Corridor Split

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.74722039 0 0 0 Garden District Area 15.94571738 0 0 0 Park District Area 17.53548018 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.378783722 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.147461697 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.314344286 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.034722672 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.551640002 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.091918228 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.440094528 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.424439217 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.177813319 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.019793174 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.084217668 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.396448687 6.343453935 0.056637982 2.647022642 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.142900708 5.672306692 0.050645595 2.647022642 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.450582306 3.839724207 0.034283252 2.647022642 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.354893796 11.52750248 0.102924129 2.647022642 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.541372762 1.433025957 0.012794875 2.647022642 Hoptown Corridor 1.741455755 4.609672814 0.041157793 2.647022642 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.990364546 5.268540017 0.047040536 2.647022642 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.995043344 2.633902261 0.023516984 2.647022642 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.513366627 4.005915728 0.035767105 2.647022642 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.119826901 8.258252446 0.073734397 2.647022642 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.909589297 2.407703463 0.021497352 2.647022642 Countryside Interchange Interchange 3.968627856 5.297746469 0.047301308 1.334906336 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.36934913 15.17701619 0.135509073 1.334906336 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.153971866 1.540444355 0.013753967 1.334906336 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.706141361 8.952070591 0.079929202 1.334906336 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.150886315 4.206138105 0.037554805 1.334906336 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.318035814 3.094360694 0.02762822 1.334906336 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.59284419 6.131016809 0.054741222 1.334906336 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.889855064 1.187873163 0.01060601 1.334906336 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.799268723 2.401855218 0.021445136 1.334906336 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.001528492 8.011478408 0.071531057 1.334906336

Moore 169

Build Out Visualization (LE-3): Interchange Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.74722039 0 0 0 Garden District Area 15.94571738 0 0 0 Park District Area 17.53548018 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.378783722 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.147461697 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.314344286 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.034722672 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.551640002 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.091918228 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.440094528 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.424439217 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.177813319 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.019793174 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.084217668 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.396448687 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.142900708 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.450582306 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.354893796 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.541372762 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.741455755 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.990364546 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.995043344 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.513366627 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.119826901 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.909589297 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 3.968627856 10.59549294 0.094602616 2.669812671 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.36934913 30.35403238 0.271018146 2.669812671 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.153971866 3.080888711 0.027507935 2.669812671 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.706141361 17.90414118 0.159858403 2.669812671 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.150886315 8.412276211 0.075109609 2.669812671 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.318035814 6.188721388 0.055256441 2.669812671 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.59284419 12.26203362 0.109482443 2.669812671 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.889855064 2.375746326 0.021212021 2.669812671 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.799268723 4.803710435 0.042890272 2.669812671 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.001528492 16.02295682 0.143062114 2.669812671

Moore 170

Build Out Visualization (LE-3): Interchange Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.74722039 2.639251345 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 15.94571738 3.915873549 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 17.53548018 4.306279947 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 1.378783722 0.338595159 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.147461697 0.502540316 0.004486967 3.407937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.314344286 1.071265828 0.009564873 3.407937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.034722672 0.118332714 0.001056542 3.407937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.551640002 1.879954911 0.016785312 3.407937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.091918228 0.313251618 0.002796889 3.407937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.440094528 1.499814854 0.013391204 3.407937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.424439217 1.446462524 0.012914844 3.407937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.177813319 0.605976763 0.005410507 3.407937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.019793174 3.475391881 0.031030285 3.407937973 Red Lion CBD 0.084217668 0.28700859 0.002562577 3.407937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.396448687 1.268690787 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.142900708 1.134461338 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.450582306 0.767944841 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.354893796 2.305500496 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.541372762 0.286605191 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 1.741455755 0.921934563 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.990364546 1.053708003 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.995043344 0.526780452 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.513366627 0.801183146 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.119826901 1.651650489 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.909589297 0.481540693 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 3.968627856 7.416845057 0.066221831 1.86886887 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.36934913 21.24782266 0.189712702 1.86886887 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.153971866 2.156622098 0.019255554 1.86886887 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.706141361 12.53289883 0.111900882 1.86886887 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.150886315 5.888593347 0.052576726 1.86886887 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.318035814 4.332104972 0.038679509 1.86886887 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.59284419 8.583423532 0.07663771 1.86886887 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.889855064 1.663022428 0.014848415 1.86886887 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.799268723 3.362597305 0.03002319 1.86886887 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.001528492 11.21606977 0.10014348 1.86886887

Moore 171

Build Out Visualization (LE-3): I-71 Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 10.74722039 0 0 0 Garden District Area 15.94571738 0 0 0 Park District Area 17.53548018 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 1.378783722 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.147461697 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.314344286 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.034722672 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.551640002 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.091918228 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.440094528 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.424439217 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.177813319 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 1.019793174 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.084217668 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.396448687 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 2.142900708 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 1.450582306 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 4.354893796 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.541372762 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 1.741455755 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.990364546 4.416948299 0.039437038 3.432030715 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.995043344 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 1.513366627 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 3.119826901 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.909589297 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 3.968627856 12.32575343 0.11005137 3.432030715 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 11.36934913 34.50820827 0.308109002 3.432030715 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 1.153971866 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 6.706141361 22.96693426 0.205061913 3.432030715 Monroe Interchange Interchange 3.150886315 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 2.318035814 7.955570111 0.071031876 3.432030715 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 4.59284419 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.889855064 3.054009913 0.027267946 3.432030715 Western Row Interchange Interchange 1.799268723 6.175145597 0.055135229 3.432030715 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 6.001528492 20.59743012 0.183905626 3.432030715

Moore 172

Build-Out Visualization (LE-4): Base Scenario

New Calculated Percent of Percent of NAME Type Development Acreage All Clusters Cluster Type Area Franklin Township Area 1458.696601 0.095957325 0.235647441 5.949354143 Garden District Area 2164.277172 0.142372477 0.349631567 8.827093551 Park District Area 2380.052182 0.156566787 0.384489281 9.707140813 Western Lebanon Area 187.139284 0.012310569 0.030231711 0.763255274 Deerfield Station CBD 20.014652 0.001316622 0.044869671 0.081630582 Downtown Franklin CBD 42.665259 0.002806645 0.095648735 0.174012015 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 4.712832 0.000310024 0.010565421 0.019221479 Downtown Lebanon CBD 74.872885 0.004925357 0.167853117 0.305372144 Downtown Maineville CBD 12.475859 0.000820698 0.027968894 0.050883305 Downtown Mason CBD 59.733063 0.003929415 0.133912041 0.243623757 Downtown Morrow CBD 57.608202 0.003789636 0.12914844 0.234957424 Downtown Springboro CBD 24.134211 0.001587619 0.054105068 0.098432373 Downtown Waynesville CBD 138.414286 0.009105296 0.310302847 0.564528364 Red Lion CBD 11.430679 0.000751943 0.025625767 0.046620495 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 325.264713 0.021396863 0.113275963 1.326605523 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 290.851203 0.019133042 0.101291191 1.186248606 E Second St Corridor Corridor 196.884348 0.012951628 0.068566504 0.803000919 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 591.080163 0.03888298 0.205848259 2.41074478 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 73.479335 0.004833685 0.025589749 0.299688493 Hoptown Corridor 236.363962 0.015548712 0.082315586 0.96402015 Landen Corridor Corridor 270.147805 0.017771112 0.094081072 1.101808945 Main Street Corridor Corridor 135.055046 0.008884316 0.047033969 0.550827565 N Main St Corridor Corridor 205.405926 0.013512202 0.071534209 0.837756526 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 423.447248 0.027855597 0.147468794 1.727047035 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 123.456556 0.008121333 0.042994705 0.503522646 Countryside Interchange Interchange 538.653136 0.035434177 0.094602616 2.196918992 Fields Ertel / Mason-Montgomery Interchange 1543.136768 0.101512046 0.271018146 6.29374684 Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange Interchange 156.626065 0.01030332 0.027507935 0.638805855 Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 910.209827 0.059876262 0.159858403 3.712328253 Monroe Interchange Interchange 427.662874 0.028132914 0.075109609 1.744240639 Rivers Crossing Interchange 314.621906 0.020696748 0.055256441 1.283198397 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 623.376647 0.041007537 0.109482443 2.54246732 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 120.778072 0.007945135 0.021212021 0.492598339 Western Row Interchange Interchange 244.210789 0.016064899 0.042890272 0.996023757 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 814.574271 0.053585076 0.143062114 3.322274701 Moore 173

Build Out Visualization (LE-4): CBD Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.827093551 0 0 0 Park District Area 9.707140813 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 2.781919608 0.044869671 34.07937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 5.93022155 0.095648735 34.07937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0.655056093 0.010565421 34.07937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 10.40689326 0.167853117 34.07937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 1.734071458 0.027968894 34.07937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 8.302546515 0.133912041 34.07937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 8.00720326 0.12914844 34.07937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 3.354514223 0.054105068 34.07937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 19.23877649 0.310302847 34.07937973 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 1.588797549 0.025625767 34.07937973 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 0 0 0 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 0 0 0 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 0 0 0

Moore 174

Build Out Visualization (LE-4): CBD Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 1.461014137 0.023564744 0.245575251 Garden District Area 8.827093551 2.167715715 0.034963157 0.245575251 Park District Area 9.707140813 2.383833542 0.038448928 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0.187436606 0.003023171 0.245575251 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 1.947343726 0.03140877 23.85556581 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 4.151155085 0.066954114 23.85556581 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0.458539265 0.007395795 23.85556581 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 7.284825279 0.117497182 23.85556581 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 1.213850021 0.019578226 23.85556581 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 5.811782561 0.093738428 23.85556581 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 5.605042282 0.090403908 23.85556581 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 2.348159956 0.037873548 23.85556581 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 13.46714354 0.217211993 23.85556581 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 1.112158284 0.017938037 23.85556581 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0.702310971 0.011327596 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 0.628005384 0.010129119 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 0.425112323 0.00685665 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 1.276259203 0.020584826 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0.158656445 0.002558975 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0.510356633 0.008231559 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 0.583302645 0.009408107 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0.291610607 0.004703397 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0.443512098 0.007153421 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0.914306521 0.014746879 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 0.266567169 0.00429947 0.529404528 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 0.586536216 0.009460262 0.266981267 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 1.680312506 0.027101815 0.266981267 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0.170549196 0.002750793 0.266981267 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 0.991122101 0.01598584 0.266981267 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 0.465679576 0.007510961 0.266981267 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 0.342589934 0.005525644 0.266981267 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 0.678791147 0.010948244 0.266981267 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 0.131514529 0.002121202 0.266981267 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 0.265919685 0.004289027 0.266981267 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 0.886985109 0.014306211 0.266981267

Moore 175

Build Out Visualization (LE-4): Even Dispersion

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 3.652535343 0.05891186 0.613938128 Garden District Area 8.827093551 5.419289287 0.087407892 0.613938128 Park District Area 9.707140813 5.959583855 0.09612232 0.613938128 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0.468591514 0.007557928 0.613938128 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0.695479902 0.011217418 8.519844932 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 1.482555387 0.023912184 8.519844932 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0.163764023 0.002641355 8.519844932 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 2.601723314 0.041963279 8.519844932 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0.433517865 0.006992224 8.519844932 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 2.075636629 0.03347801 8.519844932 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 2.001800815 0.03228711 8.519844932 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 0.838628556 0.013526267 8.519844932 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 4.809694122 0.077575712 8.519844932 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0.397199387 0.006406442 8.519844932 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 1.755777428 0.028318991 1.323511321 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 1.570013459 0.025322798 1.323511321 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 1.062780807 0.017141626 1.323511321 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 3.190648008 0.051462065 1.323511321 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0.396641113 0.006397437 1.323511321 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 1.275891582 0.020578896 1.323511321 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 1.458256612 0.023520268 1.323511321 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0.729026519 0.011758492 1.323511321 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 1.108780246 0.017883552 1.323511321 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 2.285766302 0.036867198 1.323511321 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 0.666417923 0.010748676 1.323511321 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 1.466340541 0.023650654 0.667453168 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 4.200781266 0.067754537 0.667453168 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0.426372991 0.006876984 0.667453168 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 2.477805253 0.039964601 0.667453168 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 1.16419894 0.018777402 0.667453168 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 0.856474835 0.01381411 0.667453168 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 1.696977867 0.027370611 0.667453168 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 0.328786322 0.005303005 0.667453168 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 0.664799212 0.010722568 0.667453168 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 2.217462774 0.035765529 0.667453168

Moore 176

Build Out Visualization (LE-4): Fort Ancient Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.827093551 0 0 0 Park District Area 9.707140813 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 1.702308961 0.027456596 7.245180571 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 6.175617884 0.09960674 7.245180571 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 17.46628101 0.28171421 7.245180571 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 2.726662724 0.043978431 7.245180571 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 3.648112554 0.058840525 7.245180571 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 2.64157278 0.042606013 7.245180571 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 0 0 0 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 0 0 0 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 0 0 0 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 3.568963946 0.057563935 7.245180571 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 0 0 0 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 24.07048015 0.388233551 7.245180571

Moore 177

Build Out Visualization (LE-4): Interchange/Corridor Split

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.827093551 0 0 0 Park District Area 9.707140813 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 3.511554857 0.056637982 2.647022642 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 3.140026919 0.050645595 2.647022642 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 2.125561614 0.034283252 2.647022642 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 6.381296016 0.102924129 2.647022642 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0.793282226 0.012794875 2.647022642 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 2.551783165 0.041157793 2.647022642 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 2.916513224 0.047040536 2.647022642 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 1.458053037 0.023516984 2.647022642 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 2.217560492 0.035767105 2.647022642 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 4.571532604 0.073734397 2.647022642 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 1.332835846 0.021497352 2.647022642 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 2.932681081 0.047301308 1.334906336 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 8.401562532 0.135509073 1.334906336 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0.852745982 0.013753967 1.334906336 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 4.955610506 0.079929202 1.334906336 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 2.32839788 0.037554805 1.334906336 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 1.71294967 0.02762822 1.334906336 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 3.393955733 0.054741222 1.334906336 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 0.657572644 0.01060601 1.334906336 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 1.329598424 0.021445136 1.334906336 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 4.434925547 0.071531057 1.334906336

Moore 178

Build Out Visualization (LE-4): Interchange Exhaustive

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.827093551 0 0 0 Park District Area 9.707140813 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 0 0 0 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 5.865362163 0.094602616 2.669812671 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 16.80312506 0.271018146 2.669812671 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 1.705491965 0.027507935 2.669812671 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 9.911221011 0.159858403 2.669812671 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 4.656795759 0.075109609 2.669812671 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 3.42589934 0.055256441 2.669812671 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 6.787911467 0.109482443 2.669812671 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 1.315145288 0.021212021 2.669812671 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 2.659196848 0.042890272 2.669812671 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 8.869851094 0.143062114 2.669812671

Moore 179

Build Out Visualization (LE-4): Interchange Priority

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 2.167715715 0.034963157 0.245575251 Garden District Area 8.827093551 2.383833542 0.038448928 0.245575251 Park District Area 9.707140813 0.187436606 0.003023171 0.245575251 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0.278191961 0.004486967 3.407937973 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0.593022155 0.009564873 3.407937973 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 0.065505609 0.001056542 3.407937973 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 1.040689326 0.016785312 3.407937973 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 0.173407146 0.002796889 3.407937973 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0.830254652 0.013391204 3.407937973 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 0.800720326 0.012914844 3.407937973 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 0.335451422 0.005410507 3.407937973 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 1.923877649 0.031030285 3.407937973 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 0.158879755 0.002562577 3.407937973 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0.702310971 0.011327596 0.529404528 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0.628005384 0.010129119 0.529404528 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 0.425112323 0.00685665 0.529404528 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 1.276259203 0.020584826 0.529404528 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 0.158656445 0.002558975 0.529404528 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0.510356633 0.008231559 0.529404528 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0.583302645 0.009408107 0.529404528 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 0.291610607 0.004703397 0.529404528 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0.443512098 0.007153421 0.529404528 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0.914306521 0.014746879 0.529404528 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0.266567169 0.00429947 0.529404528 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 4.105753514 0.066221831 1.86886887 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 11.76218755 0.189712702 1.86886887 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 1.193844375 0.019255554 1.86886887 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 6.937854708 0.111900882 1.86886887 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 3.259757032 0.052576726 1.86886887 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 2.398129538 0.038679509 1.86886887 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 4.751538027 0.07663771 1.86886887 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 0.920601701 0.014848415 1.86886887 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 1.861437794 0.03002319 1.86886887 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 6.208895766 0.10014348 1.86886887 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 2.167715715 0.034963157 0.245575251

Moore 180

Build Out Visualization (LE-4): I-71 Proximity

Percent NAME Type Base NDA NDA Scale Factor of NDA Franklin Township Area 5.949354143 0 0 0 Garden District Area 8.827093551 0 0 0 Park District Area 9.707140813 0 0 0 Western Lebanon Area 0.763255274 0 0 0 Deerfield Station CBD 0.081630582 0 0 0 Downtown Franklin CBD 0.174012015 0 0 0 Downtown Harveysburg CBD 0.019221479 0 0 0 Downtown Lebanon CBD 0.305372144 0 0 0 Downtown Maineville CBD 0.050883305 0 0 0 Downtown Mason CBD 0.243623757 0 0 0 Downtown Morrow CBD 0.234957424 0 0 0 Downtown Springboro CBD 0.098432373 0 0 0 Downtown Waynesville CBD 0.564528364 0 0 0 Red Lion CBD 0.046620495 0 0 0 Central Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.326605523 0 0 0 Columbus Avenue Corridor Corridor 1.186248606 0 0 0 E Second St Corridor Corridor 0.803000919 0 0 0 Eastern Morrow Corridor Corridor 2.41074478 0 0 0 Fairgrounds Area Corridor 0.299688493 0 0 0 Hoptown Corridor 0.96402015 0 0 0 Landen Corridor Corridor 1.101808945 2.44509638 0.039437038 3.432030715 Main Street Corridor Corridor 0.550827565 0 0 0 N Main St Corridor Corridor 0.837756526 0 0 0 Reading Rd Corridor Corridor 1.727047035 0 0 0 Western Morrow Corridor Corridor 0.503522646 0 0 0 Countryside Interchange Interchange 2.196918992 6.823184937 0.11005137 3.432030715 Fields Ertel / Mason- Interchange 6.29374684 19.10275815 0.308109002 3.432030715 Montgomery Interchange Franklin-Lebanon Rd Interchange 0.638805855 0 0 0 Interchange Kings Mills Rd Interchange Interchange 3.712328253 12.71383861 0.205061913 3.432030715 Monroe Interchange Interchange 1.744240639 0 0 0 Rivers Crossing Interchange 1.283198397 4.403976312 0.071031876 3.432030715 Route 122 Interchange Interchange 2.54246732 0 0 0 Route 123 Interchange Interchange 0.492598339 1.69061263 0.027267946 3.432030715 Western Row Interchange Interchange 0.996023757 3.41838417 0.055135229 3.432030715 Wilmington Rd Interchange Interchange 3.322274701 11.40214882 0.183905626 3.432030715

Moore 181

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