CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CANADA-UKRAINE PROGRAMME PARLEMENTAIRE ÏÀÐËÀÌÅÍÒÀÐÍÀ ÏÐÎÃÐÀÌÀ ÊÀÍÀÄÀ-ÓÊÐÀ¯ÍÀ
Established in 1990, CUPP was Canada's First Program of Assistance to Ukraine AUTUMN 2012
In this issue... A Gorillia has joined the elephant in the room Why we don't like Ukraine Dictatorship will not lead to prosperity Ukrainians in Irkutsk CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER
2012 CUPP NEWSLETTER
A "Gorilla" Has Joined the Elephant in the Room!...... 3 CUPP Interns...... 4 Why We Don't Like Ukraine...... 31 Is Ukraine's Youth Plunging Into Deep Career Individualism?...... 34 Implication of the Fact that a Significant Number of Ukraine's Population do not Consider Themselves Ukrainian Either in the National or Civic Sense...... 35 Etude About Post-crisis Ukraine: Seven Main Challenges – Opportunities...... 38 Wither the Bologna Process: The Coming Educational Crisis in Ukraine...... 42 The CUPP Alumni Planned a Series of Conferences to Create a new Model of Governance for Ukraine...... 44 Do Ukrainian Universities Need Autonomy?...... 46 Quo Vadis, Україно? – намагались On October 24, 2011, the first Ukrainian Day on the HILL took place in the House відповісти в Оксфорді...... 52 of Commons. Captioned are CUPP 2011 Interns who performed a concert in the Ukraine Loses Its Way...... 56 Rotunda of Centre Block for MPs, staff and visitors. Balcerowicz: Dictatorship Will Not Lead to Prosperity...... 57 Бальцерович: диктатура не призводить до процвітання...... 60 Orwell's 'Animal Farm" and Ukrainian Refugees...... 64 History of CUPP to work and study in the Canadian Par- "Ukraine at the Crossroads"...... 65 th liament, and gain experience from which On July 16 , 1990, the Ukrainian generations of Canadian, American and Ukrainians of Irkutsk – A Part of Parliament adopted the Declaration of Multiethnic Siberian Society...... 68 West European students have benefit- Sovereignty which declared that Parlia- ed. On the basis of academic excel- Russian Youth's Pllitical Conderns...... 70 ment recognized the need to build the Electoral systerms in Ukraine. Our lence, knowledge of the English or Ukrainian state based on the Rule of French and Ukrainian languages, and Experience and Our Prospects...... 72 Law. On August 24, 1991, the Ukrainian The Overbearing Governmental Regula- on interest in the parliamentary system tion of the Economy as an Inhibiting Parliament adopted the Declaration of of government, university students from Factor on Democratic Development of Independence, which the citizens of Ukraine can apply for a CUPP scholar- Ukraine...... 73 Ukraine endorsed in the referendum of ship. It is hoped that CUPP will contrib- The Value of a CUPP Internship in December 1, 1991. Also in 1991, Cana- Canada's Parliament...... 74 ute to the education of future leaders of dians celebrated the Centennial of Ukraine. A Century of PLAST...... 76 Ukrainian group immigration to Canada. In 2012, during the 22nd year of CUPP Alumni Updates...... 77 To mark the Centennial, organizations CUPP's operation, 33 students arrived Higher Education: East OR West...... 81 planned programs and projects to cele- from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine to EURO 2012: Failure or Success?...... 82 brate this milestone in Canada's history. complete a two-month internship with CUPP Alumni Updates...... 83 The Chair of Ukrainian Studies Members of Parliament, Ministers and Foundation of Toronto decided to mark Where the Land Ends and the Sea Senators (please see Issue 1 of the Begins: the Case of Ukrainian Migration the Centennial by establishing the Can- Newsletter for complete list of CUPP In- to Portugal...... 84 ada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program for terns). In the course of the Program, the university students from Ukraine. The Interns meet with political and social Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program opinion-leaders of Canada. Contact Us gives Ukrainian students an opportunity Chair of Ukrainian Studies Foundation 620 Spadina Avenue Toronto, Ontario, The image of the Canadian Parliament (Centre Block of the House of Com- Canada M5S 2H4 mons) is a 19th century engraving by an unknown artist. Photo Credit of the Tel.: (416) 234-9111 engraving to The Devil's Artisan: A Journal of the Printing Arts. Colour Fax: (416) 234-9114 separation design by Kristina Hicks a student at the Ontario College of Art and Design University of Toronto. Cover Design by Andrei Bezruchonak, www.KATEDRA.org CUPP 2012 Intern from Belarus.
CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade
20th THE CHAIR OF UKRAINIAN STUDIES year of CUPP
The Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Program (CUPP), the Chair of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Ottawa, Katedra Foundation and CUSF
are pleased to invite you to:
Ottawa MODEL UKRAINE Conference: The Politics of Education and Elections in Ukraine
November 12 & 13, 2010 Desmarais Hall, Room 12102 (12th Floor) 55 Laurier Ave East, University of Ottawa campus
Public lecture, in english. Free Admission. PleAse register, As seAting is limited.
CHAIR OF UKRAINIAN STUDIES Please RSVP to < [email protected] > before Wednesday, November 10, 2010. 613 562-5800 ext. 3692
CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 41 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER
Do Ukrainian Universities Need Autonomy?
Pavlo SHOPIN CUPP 2006, 2008 Walter Tarnopolsky Scholarship recipient, Mazurenko Family Scholarship recipient MP: Michael Ignatieff, Ontario (Etobicoke–Lakeshore) MP: Andrew Telegdi, Ontario (Kitchener–Waterloo) B.A. and M.A. in English from Taras Shevchenko National University of Luhansk in 2008 Fulbright Visiting Researcher at UC Berkeley in 2009-2010 Internt in the German Bundestag in 2011 M.Phil. in European Literature and Culture at the University of Cambridge
The following speech on the Ukrainian will make them accountable to society. ingless small institutions and it will not education system was presented be- The European Commission, the Coun- damage the education system but fore the CUPP Alumni and participants cil of the European Union and a lot of rather improve its efficiency and ac- of the Ottawa Model Ukraine Confer- European governments stress upon countability. ence on Nov. 12, 2010. the need for improved autonomy and It is clear that the University Au- The current Ukrainian higher edu- accountability. Absence of shared tonomy as a concept is really impor- cation system is the product of the governance or rather only its formal tant for the progress of the Ukrainian post-Soviet education politics. As Mr. presence at Ukrainian universities is a education system. Autonomy means Frances Cairncross, rector of Oxford huge setback to higher education in freedom and what it means to be free University's Exeter College, put it Ukraine. In the EU higher education has been a controversial issue for a "Ukrainian education is too inward- institutions "are, traditionally, decen- very long-time. In my talk I will briefly looking, too corrupt, and too poor to do tralized institutions where most of the mention some of the major ideas be- a good job" (Popova 2010). decisions are prepared at the "base"" hind the term "autonomy" and will The Bologna process is viewed in (Weber 2006). However, Ukrainian highlight the procedural practical ap- Ukraine as the necessary set of re- universities suffer from centralization proach, following the latest 2009 re- forms to upgrade Ukrainian higher ed- of power, rigid hierarchy and authori- search by the European University ucation to meet the standards of the tarian management. It is difficult to Association (Esterman and Nokkala European community but this reform speak of our universities as decentral- 2009). I will try to look at organization- concerns only the academic side of ized institutions. Consequently, there al structures and institutional gover- education process and certainly does is much more drastic need for autono- nance, financial issues, staffing and not solve the problems of mismanage- my at Ukrainian universities than in academic matters in Ukraine and oth- ment, corruption and lack of funds. the EU. At the same time, it is crucial er European countries to see if Ukrai- The Bologna Process is meant to inte- to understand what kind of autonomy nian higher education differs in some grate our education system within the Ukrainian universities need in order to key respects. European academic framework which achieve democratic management, According to the research study is only a formal correspondence to the high quality education, forefront re- done by the European University As- existing standards and is not enough search and innovative knowledge- sociation "the terminology used to de- for the essential organizational and based socio-economic development fine elements of institutional autonomy functional progress of Ukrainian edu- for the community. We do not agree as well as the perspectives from which cation. One of the major and existen- that any kind of autonomy is useful. they are viewed and evaluated vary tial problems Ukrainian universities For instance, Ukraine has too many greatly across Europe" (Esterman and face today is the conception of Univer- universities. This problem could be Nokkala 2009: 4). Autonomy means sity Autonomy and we would like to fo- solved by uniting some of those small freedom and if we follow the cognitiv- cus on this problem in our presenta- inward-looking institutions, integrating ist tradition, in terms of embodied phi- tion. them within larger universities and losophy "freedom of action is under- Firstly, we strongly believe that thus eliminating these institutions. The stood metaphorically as freedom of University Autonomy (UA) realized in process, just described, actually motion... anything that blocks that mo- a proper way will improve the man- means the loss of autonomy for sev- tion is a constraint on one's freedom” agement of Ukrainian universities and eral hundred autonomous but mean- (Lakoff and Johnson 1999: 305). Ac-
46 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade cepting such simplistic minimalist in- ogy may vary quite significantly, but it by the European academic communi- terpretation is dangerous because does not mean that the essence of ty, can also be useful for the Ukrainian freedom is not just absence of con- university autonomy is radically differ- higher education. straints but rather "the consciousness ent in every country. If we adopt the Let us now look at some of the key of necessity" (K. Marx). University Au- cognitivist approach and not the clas- aspects of the University Autonomy in tonomy is not arbitrary and when we sical analytic tradition in categoriza- Ukraine and the EU. Organizational look at the global picture of the educa- tion, the concept University Autonomy Autonomy among many other things tion system we see that narrow tech- can be viewed as a radial category or includes "the universities' ability to es- nical definitions can often miss the an umbrella term which unites con- tablish their structures and governing context and misrepresent or simplify crete prototypes of its realization. bodies, and to define the modalities of the concept. The EUA research study Such categories are "structured radi- its leadership model" (Esterman and focuses on the definition of "institu- ally with respect to a number of its Nokkala 2009:11). According to the re- tional autonomy" which refers to "the subcategories: there is a central sub- cent findings of the research done by constantly changing relations between category...; in addition, there are non- the EUA, in European countries the the state and higher education institu- central extensions which are not spe- design of internal academic and ad- tions and the degree of control exerted cialized instances of the central sub- ministrative structure is mostly under by the state, depending on the nation- category, but rather are variants of it… university control, whereas gover- al context and circumstances" (Ester- These variants are not generated from nance structures and leadership are man and Nokkala 2009:6). This defini- the central model by general rules; in- often strongly shaped by national leg- tion avoids simplification but it blurs stead, they are extended by conven- islative frameworks (Esterman and the term completely and it is difficult tion and must be learned on by one… Nokkala 2009:17). Ukrainian universi- to understand what autonomy is meant the extensions are by no means ran- ties appear to be organizationally very to be. The scholars who were conduct- dom" (Lakoff 1987:91). Unfortunately, close to the European standards but ing the study of University Autonomy the goodness of example has not been the functioning of the organizational across Europe understood that "the defined for University Autonomy yet, framework maintained in Ukraine variety of situations... reflects the mul- mostly because of political correct- leaves a lot to be desired. The most tiple approaches to the ongoing quest ness issues when variety is more im- recent example is the way several for a balance between autonomy and portant than graded categorization. rectors were fired by Minister Dmytro accountability in response to the de- However, we will adopt a dialecti- Tabachnyk and the fact that the posi- mands of society and the changing cal materialistic approach according tion of Rector of Donetsk National Uni- understanding of public responsibility to which categories do correspond to versity was retained by Volodymyr for higher education" (Esterman and things in the world and we can define Shevchenko for 24 years. It only dem- Nokkala 2009: 6). These researchers those categories with precision. We onstrates the strong hierarchy which came to the conclusion that "there is believe that University Autonomy is an exists at Ukrainian Universities and no ideal model of autonomy, but rather inextricable principle of democratic absence of any real functional autono- a set of basic principles that constitute education system where universities my within their organizational struc- crucial elements of autonomy, and serve the society and are meant to ture. The Ministry of Education and that, when implemented in the context support the cultural, economic and so- Science of Ukraine is literally above of a given system, support universities cial basis of the community. University every university and can interfere in a in carrying out ever more complex Autonomy is dialectically synonymic to lot of the aspects of any university’s missions" (Esterman and Nokkala university accountability, responsibility functioning while rectors, who should 2009:7). We can hardly agree that ex- and "consciousness of necessity". be "primus inter pares", in fact exert istence of "the variety of situations" Thus, Ukrainian universities can only extreme powers over all the faculty. means there is no ideal model of au- become autonomous when they work For instance, Prof. Vitaly Kurylo, Pres- tonomy. Variety does not cancel basic for the good of the public and are not ident of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko principles and key elements do consti- just independent from any external in- National University, personally ap- tute the model of autonomy and not fluences. The present plight of things proves every faculty member to be just some abstract disconnected enti- in the Ukrainian higher education calls employed and literally rules the uni- ties, as positivists would argue. Au- for much more democratic university versity where I am doing my PhD right tonomy as a concept may be under- organization and management and now. Rectors at Ukrainian universities stood differently across Europe and University Autonomy as an operational are elected by the faculty but these associated perceptions and terminol- concept, relatively well implemented elections are often influenced by the
CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 47 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER regional or central state executive programs, as well as on their roles and the global university system is not just bodies. It is true that in European responsibilities with regard to the a Ukrainian problem (Umpleby and countries "small executive manage- quality assurance of programs and Burdina 2005). Most unfortunately, ment groups, comprising the rector degrees, and finally the extent to Ukraine appears to be reluctant to use and other staff from the top manage- which they can decide on student ad- the opportunity of European integra- ment, can have broad competences missions (Esterman and Nokkala tion in the sphere of education and in and are therefore considered to be a 2009:32). Here Ukrainian universities this case there is a lot of counterpro- powerful body" (Esterman and Nokka- do not differ very much from the rest ductive autonomy which manifests it- la 2009:17). But being a powerful body of Europe but still the European inte- self in such things as not accepting and exerting authoritarian powers "are gration processes such as the Bolo- European education qualifications. In- two big differences", as they say in gna process have not had such a tegrating into the global community, Odesa. strong impact on academic autonomy we do lose external autonomy and Speaking about financial autono- in Ukraine yet. There is considerable agree to combat corruption and privi- my, having a line-item budget, being state control of the academic and re- leges shared within a close circle of constantly under-funded and overreg- search work at universities. It is im- educators and have to meet interna- ulated Ukrainian universities have possible to view academic freedom of tional standards. It should be benefi- very little financial freedom which universities as absence of state con- cial for the Ukrainian education sys- could include such things as accumu- trol. If there were no state control and tem but it poses risks as well. Although lating reserves and keeping surplus no regulations, Ukrainian universities Ukrainian higher education is inward- on state funding, borrowing money on would probably degrade into ever looking, poor and corrupt, it is still ac- the financial markets, investing in fi- smaller defunct autonomous units cessible and we cannot afford to com- nancial products, issuing shares and without any accountability to society. promise accessibility in favor of quali- bonds. And "if there is not a certain Still the existing regulations are inter- ty. Diamonds are only valuable be- freedom to act independently in terms preted differently for every institution cause there are so few of them. If we of financial issues," – which is the case and so those rectors who know the close enough universities, we can in Ukraine, – "then the other dimen- right people in the Ministry can carve make Ukrainian higher education quite sions of autonomy may well only exist out nice privileges for their universi- expensive, profitable and elite but its in theory" (Esterman and Nokkala ties not because of their performance quality will not be improved. There 2009:40). but due to corrupt management of the should be an important balance be- Staffing autonomy includes salary education system in Ukraine. tween integration and autonomy in the levels, which are defined by state leg- Having looked at several kinds of global context. islation in Ukraine, and the process of University Autonomy we would like to Within the state University Auton- employing faculty members, which state that these kinds are not clear-cut omy is all about democratic govern- has become a sphere of corruption sides of a concept but rather elements ment of the education system. It is not and nepotism for Ukrainian higher ed- integrated together, interdependent easy to find the right way to make uni- ucation institutions. In our view, the and complementing each other. Staff- versities accountable to society: "while situation in Ukraine is mostly different ing autonomy involves financial auton- there is broad acceptance of the con- from the EU with respect to salary lev- omy and financial autonomy shapes cept that autonomy requires account- els which are terribly low in our case. every facet of the concept of Universi- ability as a counterbalance and that University faculty members have rath- ty Autonomy. there needs to be a framework for uni- er low salaries and it becomes an in- It is quintessential to keep in mind versities in which they can operate, centive for bribery and corruption that Ukrainian universities face many debate on the exact nature and extent which afflicts the relations between more problems than just University of accountability is fierce" (Esterman students and professors at Ukrainian Autonomy but the debate about the and Nokkala 2009:39). Epistemically, universities. nature of University Autonomy is vital the exploration study by the EUA does Finally, academic autonomy em- for the future of Ukrainian higher edu- not answer the question of what either braces universities' ability to deter- cation in the framework of European autonomy or accountability is, despite mine their own institutional strategy, higher education. Autonomy does not listing a lot of the relevant features of their academic profile, in particular; mean absence of accountability to the both concepts. We posit an assump- their ability to introduce or terminate state and society. It does not mean in- tion that these two concepts are dia- degree programs, to decide on the dependence from global community lectically synonymic. Organizational, structure and content of these degree and global challenges. Strengthening academic and financial freedom in
48 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER CUPP in Third Decade higher education is ultimately account- tween the rich and the poor. This axi- Excellence. Presentation made at the ability to society, it is a necessary con- om concerns not only education but conference 'Institutional Autonomy Revis- dition for excellence and progress and every other sphere of our life. Univer- ited: National Dimensions, Cross-Regional it is based on the principles of demo- sity Autonomy and integration of Ukrai- Experiences", International Association of cratic government. nian universities in the global univer- Universities Website, December 8-9,
CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 49 CUPP in Third Decade CUPP 2012 NEWSLETTER
Yuri Lukanov (Kyiv) and Anton Krasun (Oxford). CUPP Oxford Model Ukraine Conference Work Crew setting up registration desk at New College, Oxford University.
Oxford University Ukrainian Society members with Ambassador Leigh Turner (British Ambassador to Ukraine) and Volodymyr Khandogiy (Ukrainian Ambassador to the United Kingdom) during CUPP Oxford Model Ukraine Conference, Oxford University.
50 CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM
PARTICIPATING UNIVERSITIES, CANADA-UKRAINE PARLIAMENTARY PROGRAM 2012
Jagiellonian University, 1364 Kyiv-Mohyla University, 1615 University of Lviv, 1661 Iuliia ZUBRYTSKA Yaroslav BARKOV, Lesia BIDOCHKO, Olena BONDAR, Liliia Iuliia BUCHAK, Ustyna CHULITSKA, Kateryna GRYSHCHENKO, Khrystyna OLIIARNYK, MYKYTYUK, Olya SHUDRAK Oksana KRYKUN, Oleksandra NIKULOVA, Roman ROMANOVSKIY, Roman TYCHKIVSKYY, Oleksandr ZHEKA, Iuliia ZUBRYTSKA
Yaroslav the Wise National Humboldt University University of Kyiv, 1834 International Black Lviv Polytechnic Law Academy, 1804 of Berlin, 1810 Alona FURDA, Oleksandra Sea University, 1996 National University, Iaroslav CHEKER, Maryna Olya SHUDRAK GASKEVYTCH, Anastasiia Giorgi SHIUKASHVILI 1844 SMOLYAK GRETTSEVA, Olena Ana TSITSAGI Olha DMYTRASH SHAPOVAL
University of Odesa, Kyiv Polytechnic Vadym Hetman National University of 1865 Institute, 1898 Economic University of Kyiv, Saskatchewan, 1907 Lesia SHYSHKO Pavlo PEDENKO 1906 Ihor ILKO Ediie ABDULTAIROVA, Iurii LETS, Olena SHAPOVAL
Irkutsk State University, University of Belarusian State Murray State University, 1922 1918 Dnipropetrovsk, 1918 University, 1921 Oleksandr GASKEVYCH Andrei ZAVIALOV Ganna TSELIKOVSKA Andrei BEZRUCHONAK
University of Vaasa, 1966 Ilia State University, 2006 Petro Mohyla Black Sea Humber College, 1967 Ganna TSELIKOVSKA Giorgi SHIUKASHVILI State University, 1996 Ihor ILKO Ana TSITSAGI Oleksandr SHABARDIN, Alisa ZAVIALOVA