Universidade Federal Do Pará Instituto De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Social Da Amazônia

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Universidade Federal Do Pará Instituto De Filosofia E Ciências Humanas Programa De Pós-Graduação Em História Social Da Amazônia UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA SOCIAL DA AMAZÔNIA CLÁUDIO LÍSIAS MOREIRA XIMENES Um homem de “sciencias” no vale do Amazonas: Etnografia no rio Tapajós e a busca por reconhecimento do naturalista João Barbosa Rodrigues (1872-1909) Belém-Pará 2020 2 CLÁUDIO LÍSIAS MOREIRA XIMENES Um homem de “sciencias” no vale do Amazonas: Etnografia no rio Tapajós e a busca por reconhecimento do naturalista João Barbosa Rodrigues (1872-1909) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História Social da Amazônia da Universidade Federal do Pará, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Filipe Pinto Monteiro. Belém-Pará 2020 3 CLÁUDIO LÍSIAS MOREIRA XIMENES Um homem de “sciencias” no vale do Amazonas: Etnografia no rio Tapajós e a busca por reconhecimento do naturalista João Barbosa Rodrigues (1872-1909) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História Social da Amazônia da Universidade Federal do Pará, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre em História, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Filipe Pinto Monteiro. Banca Examinadora _______________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Filipe Pinto Monteiro – Orientador Doutor em História das Ciências e da Saúde Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) _________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Karl Heinz Arenz (UFPA) – Avaliador Interno Doutor em História Moderna e Contemporânea Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) _________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Nelson Rodrigues Sanjad – Avaliador Interno Doutor em História das Ciências e da Saúde Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) _____________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Wesley Oliveira Kettle (UFPA) - Avaliador Externo Doutor em História Social Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) Belém-Pará 2020 4 Agradecimentos Aquele que me fortalece a cada dia, e que faz com que eu possa alcançar novas consquistas, a Deus o autor da minha fé! A CAPES que através da bolsa possibilitou o desenvolvimento da minha pesquisa e por conseguinte a elaboração dessa presente Dissertação. Ao Prof. Msc. Alan Watrin Coelho, grande Mestre e Amigo (Orientador da minha Monografia) que me apresentou ao Prof. Dr. Mauro Cezar Coelho, a quem sou grato por me ajudar na elaboração do meu projeto de pesquisa apresentado ao PPHIST. Ao professor Filipe Pinto Monteiro, grande parceiro na construção dessa presente Dissertação, mais que um orientador, um grande amigo, muito obrigado pelas orientações, meu sucesso é seu sucesso! Aos professores das disciplinas do PPHIST, suas aulas e orientações contribuíram para a construção desse trabalho, o meu muito obrigado ao, Prof. Dr. Karl Heinz Arenz, prof. Dr. Nelson Rodrigues Sanjad, Prof. Dr. José Maia Bezerra Neto e Prof. Dr. Rafael Ivan Chambouleyrum. Ao Prof. Dr. Jorge Coelho, por permitir que eu fizesse o Estágio de Livre Docência durante a Disciplina “Brasil Colonial I” no primeiro semestre de 2019. E a todos os alunos daquela turma. Ao pessoal da secretaria do PPHIST, valeu pela paciência e pelo bom atendimento. Ao Prof. Dr. Marcelo Dergan que conheci em um evento na UNAMA em 2017 e que me incentivou a não desisti do meu projeto de pesquisa e a me inscrever novamente na seleção do PPHIST. Aos professores Nelson Sanjad e Karl Arenz, os quais aceitaram de bom grado a participar da banca de qualificação, e com suas falas e observações importantíssimas contribuíram em muito para o bom andamento desse trabalho, o meu muito obrigado! A minha amada esposa, Francy Ximenes, que sempre me apoiou nessa jornada, desde os primeiros dias da escrita do projeto até na conclusão da dissertação, seu apoio foi fantástico. Amo você! Aos meus pais, Edmilson e Lisânias Ximenes, e a minha irmã e minha sobrinha, Lílian e Lívia Ximenes, muito obrigado pela torcida. 5 Resumo A dissertação analisa aspectos da trajetória intelectual e profissional do naturalista brasileiro João Barbosa Rodrigues (1842-1909). Iniciada em 1872, o cientista foi comissionado pelo Governo Imperial para chefia da “Comissão de Exploração do vale do Amazonas” a fim de proceder estudos a respeito da flora e da população indígena da região. Como resultado, produziu vasta documentação botânica iconográfica, recolheu inúmeros artefatos arqueológicos, registrou o contato com diversos povos indígenas e publicou variados trabalhos, entre estes, 5 relatórios relativos aos rios que visitou entre 1872 e 1875: o Tapajós, o Urubú e Jatapú, o Trombetas, o Yamundá e o Capim. Nesta dissertação iremos analisar a sua primeira viagem de exploração, realizada no Baixo e Alto Tapajós, no Baixo-Amazonas. Nesse rio, o naturalista realizou investigações etnográficas, discorreu sobre assuntos os mais variados como a origem dos “antigos Tapajós” e registrou características particulares dos sobreviventes do processo de colonização, entre eles os Apiaká, os Parintintim, os Mawé e os Munduruku. A partir de seus relatórios, assim como inúmeras outras publicações e fontes impressas, como jornais, revistas científicas, documentos governamentais, entre outros, tentamos reconstruir suas primeiras incursões no meio científico e político da época, sua aproximação com personalidades que o apoiariam em suas empreitadas – caso de Guilherme Schüch de Capanema, barão de Capanema (1824-1908) e da própria Princesa Isabel (1846-1921) –, seu esforço para ser reconhecido como homem de “sciencias” tanto no Brasil como no exterior, além de sua associação, em 1876, ao Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB). O discurso “civilizatório” desta instituição moldou suas reflexões, levando-o a pintar (literalmente) o indígena brasileiro como um ser primitivo, mas inventivo, afetuoso, habilidoso, aberto ao progresso, enfim. À documentação primária e à narrativa historiográfica, somou-se um aporte teórico a partir da análise do discurso de Mikhail Bakhtin, entre outros autores que se dedicaram ao testemunho datado sobre o “outro”, possibilitando um olhar mais acurado da escrita de Barbosa Rodrigues. Palavras-chave: João Barbosa Rodrigues, Etnografia, Amazônia, indígenas, rio Tapajós. 6 Abstract The dissertation analyses aspects of the intellectual and professional trajectory of the Brazilian naturalist João Barbosa Rodrigues (1842-1909). Initiated in 1872, the scientist was commissioned by the Imperial Government to head the “Commission for the Exploration of the Amazon Valley” in order to carry out studies on the flora and the indigenous population of the region. As a result, he produced extensive iconographic botanical documentation, collected numerous archaeological artefacts, recorded contact with several indigenous peoples and published several works, including 5 reports related to the rivers he visited between 1872 and 1875, the Tapajós, the Urubú and Jatapú, the Trumpets, Yamundá and Capim. In this dissertation, we will analyse his first exploration trip, carried out in Baixo and Alto Tapajós, in Baixo-Amazonas. In that river, he carried out extensive ethnographic investigations, discussed various issues such as the origin of the “old Tapajós” and recorded particular characteristics of the survivors of the colonization process, among them the Apiaká, the Parintintim, the Mawé and Munduruku. From his reports, as well as countless other publications and printed sources, such as newspapers, scientific magazines, government documents, among others, we tried to reconstruct his first incursion into the scientific environment of the time, his approach to personalities who would support him in his endeavours – case of Guilherme Schüch de Capanema, baron of Capanema (1824-1908) and Princess Isabel (1846-1921) –, his effort to be recognized as a man of “sciences” both in Brazil and abroad, in addition to his association, in 1876, to the Brazilian Historical and Geographic Institute (IHGB). This institution's “civilizing” discourse shaped his reflections, leading him to paint (literally) the Brazilian indigenous as a primitive, but inventive, affectionate, skilled being, open to progress, in short. In addition to the primary documentation and historiographical narrative, a theoretical contribution has been added based on the analysis of Mikhail Bakhtin's discourse, among other authors who dedicated themselves to the dated testimony about the “other”, allowing a more accurate look at Barbosa Rodrigues' writing. Keywords: João Barbosa Rodrigues, Ethnography, Amazon, indigenous people, Tapajós river. 7 Sumário Introdução .................................................................................................................................. 8 Capítulo 1 – A formação intelectual e profissional de Barbosa Rodrigues ............................. 17 1.1. O contexto do nascimento e as aspirações do futuro naturalista ....................................... 18 1.1.2. Os primeiros incentivos para iniciar os “estudos botânicos” ......................................... 21 1.1.3. A presença feminina ao lado do naturalista ................................................................... 23 1.4. A primeira monografia: “Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil” .................................... 26 1.5. A Comissão de Exploração do vale do Amazonas (1872-1875) ...................................... 31 1.5.1. Os “Relatórios” de exploração do vale do Amazonas ................................................... 39 1.6. O contexto da fundação do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro ........................... 42 1.6.1. Varnhagen
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