DOCSLIB.ORG

THE STORY Lost Sounds Are the Archives of a Forgotten History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE STORY Lost Sounds Are the Archives of a Forgotten History Analog Africa No.11 – Le Super Borgou de Parakou * The Bariba Sound * - Catalog No. AACD 071/ AALP 071 TRACKLIST: CD with 30-page Booklet Format: 1.Gandigui (Bariba Soul) 3:05 2XLP Gatefold LP de Luxe 2.Wegne´Nda M´Banza (Bariba Soul) 3:17 CD 4260126060845 3.Me Ton Le Gbe (Pachanga Fon) 2:59 Barcodes LP 4260126060852 4.Abakpé (Afro Beat Bariba) 4:15 5.Guessi-Guéré-Guessi (Pop Bariba) 4:15 6.Sembe Sembe Boudou (Folklore Dendi) 4:02 Release Date 27 march 2012 7.A Na Gan Garo Ka Nam (Afro Beat Bariba) 4:25 8.Bori Yo Se Mon Baani (Pachanga Dendi) 3:50 Distribution: 9.Aske (Folklore Dendi) 3:30 USA-Canada: Forced Exposure 10.Ko Guere (Folklore Bariba) 3:51 Germany: Groove Attack 11.Abere Klouklou (Cavacha Dendi) 5:08 UK CD: Proper Distribution 12.Hanoubiangabou (Soul Dendi) 3:08 UK Vinyl: F-minor/Proper 13.Dadon Gabou Yo Sa Be No.2 (Afro Beat Dendi) 4:52 Japan: Sambinha 14.Bininhounnin (Dendi Boucher) 3:04 Holland: ClearSpot/Rushhour 15.Adiza Claire (Cavacha Bariba) 6:09 France Differ-ant THE STORY Lost sounds are the archives of a forgotten history. The raucously raw, Vodoun-inspired rhythms of Cotonou have confirmed Benin as a mecca of 70s Afro sounds and revived the story of its people, but the unopened vaults housing the country's catacombs of musical riches are endless. With this as our compass, Analog Africa charters its fifth expedition to Benin, traveling far north to delve deeper into the obscured repertoires and tales of the Bariba and Dendi people. Originating from the Kwara state of northwest Nigeria, the Bariba - a predominantly Islamic people - now dominate the Borgou department of Benin with the market city of Parakou at its heart. The rhythms of their culture constitute just one domain of the Islamic Funk Belt - a distinct musical swath of land encompassing northern Ghana, Togo and Benin. Once frequented by Muslim merchants and traders, the belt has yielded a rich harvest of talent with the likes of Uppers International (Ghana), Orchestre Abass, the Black Devils (Togo), Anassoua Jazz (Benin) and, undoubtedly the most powerful band from Parakou, Orchestre Super Borgou, who were first introduced to the West via Analog Africa's defining release, "African Scream Contest." The birth of modern African music in Parakou is inextricably linked to Super Borgou. The progressive-minded father of the band's founder, Moussa Mama, imported modern music - which he learned while working as a goldsmith in Accra, Ghana - to the region in the 50s. His return to Borgou and subsequent teachings spawned countless bands from villages across the department. In its infancy, Super Borgou served as a cover band for Congolese Rumba hits but, in line with the most enigmatic - and experimental - African bands of the day, they developed their own musical identity by reinventing traditional songs and rhythms. Label Contact: [email protected] Promo Contact: [email protected] With Benin's foremost drummer, Bori Borro, in their ranks, Bariba and Dendi linguistic folklore - alongside melodies of an Islamic ilk - fused with Soul, Pachanga, Breakbeats, Rumba and Afro-Beat, Orchestre Super Borgou de Parakou manufactured a sound of penetrating and unpolished directness, blurring the line between the erstwhile rhythms of the devout village and the modern grooves infecting the forward-thinking city. Their reinvention redefines what contemporary audiences classify as the "Afro" genre. Performing live at the bar 'Congolaise', the high-octane live performances of Parakou's finest troupe also captured the imagination of Celestin Houenou Sezan, co-founder of Albarika Store (Benin´s most important music label), and Super Borgou were, in fact, the legendary label's very first EP release. Apart from Albarika, Discadam - and its sub labels Impressions Sonores du Nord and Echos Sonores du Borgou - were the band's major backers who helped galvanize the sound of northern Benin. Armed with a keen sense of philosophical observation, multi-instrumentalist Moussa Mama and rhythm guitarist Menou Roch, through their lyrics, reported on the socio-economic ills of their time - the rampant inequalities they saw around them - which established the band as noteworthy commentators on top of their gift of unique rhythm. Sticking with our dedication to dig deeper with each compilation, Analog Africa's Orchestre Super Borgou anthology opens an entirely new chapter of lost and resurrected Afro sounds. Remastered to recreate the energy of their legendary live performances and accompanied by our signature full-color booklet, the story of this remarkable ensemble and the traditions of the people of Northern Benin is set to be revealed and documented like never before. German Record Critics’ Prize 2011 Winner - "Angola Soundtrack: The Unique Sound of Luanda 1968-1976" Gilles Peterson Worldwide Award 2011 Nominee - Label of the Year Red Dot Designer Award 2008 Winner - "African Scream Contest: Raw & Psychedelic Afro Sounds from Benin & Togo 70s" European Design "Silver" Award 2010 Winner - "Legends of Benin" “Bambara Mystic Soul” .- 2011 Nominee – Compilation of the Year analogafrica.blogspot.com www.facebook.com/AnalogAfrica Label Contact: [email protected] Promo Contact: [email protected] .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Decomposing Gender and Ethnic Earnings Gaps in Seven West African Cities
    DOCUMENT DE TRAVAIL DT/2009-07 Decomposing Gender and Ethnic Earnings Gaps in Seven West African Cities Christophe NORDMAN Anne-Sophie ROBILLIARD François ROUBAUD DIAL • 4, rue d’Enghien • 75010 Paris • Téléphone (33) 01 53 24 14 50 • Fax (33) 01 53 24 14 51 E-mail : [email protected] • Site : www.dial.prd.fr DECOMPOSING GENDER AND ETHNIC EARNINGS GAPS IN SEVEN WEST AFRICAN CITIES Christophe Nordman Anne Sophie Robilliard François Roubaud IRD, DIAL, Paris IRD, DIAL, Dakar IRD, DIAL, Hanoï [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Document de travail DIAL Octobre 2009 Abstract In this paper, we analyse the size and determinants of gender and ethnic earnings gaps in seven West African capitals (Abidjan, Bamako, Cotonou, Dakar, Lome, Niamey and Ouagadougou) based on a unique and perfectly comparable dataset coming from the 1-2-3 Surveys conducted in the seven cities from 2001 to 2002. Analysing gender and ethnic earnings gaps in an African context raises a number of important issues that our paper attempts to address, notably by taking into account labour allocation between public, private formal and informal sectors which can be expected to contribute to earnings gaps. Our results show that gender earnings gaps are large in all the cities of our sample and that gender differences in the distribution of characteristics usually explain less than half of the raw gender gap. By contrast, majority ethnic groups do not appear to have a systematic favourable position in the urban labour markets of our sample of countries and observed ethnic gaps are small relative to gender gaps.
    [Show full text]
  • WINDOW to the WORLD FAITH BAPTIST MISSION WINDOW to the WORLD Fall 2013 Issue No
    !!! WINDOW TO THE WORLD FAITH BAPTIST MISSION WINDOW TO THE WORLD Fall 2013 Issue No. One faithbaptistwh.org/fbm Eagle POLake, Box FL 866 33839 : Declare His glory among the nations, His wonders FAITH BAPTIST FAITH BAPTIST FAITHamong all peoples. BAPTIST MISSION MISSION MISSION ~Psalm 96:3~ WEST AFRICA NEWS BENINCLINIC “I being in the way the Lord led me,” were the words of Abraham’s servant speaking of God’s sovereign control over the affairs of his master Abraham in the choosing of a wife for his son Isaac. This phrase is instructive to us as believers, reminding us that God even works through the purposed flow of events in our lives to bring glory to Himself. Jesus Christ is magnified when we take the time to reflect on Dental Care how he is working. I was sitting in my living room one day with Joshua, a Beninese brother in Christ who shares our burden for reaching the Dendi people of northern Benin with the gospel. Joshua is a registered nurse with a burden for medical evangelism. Continued on Page 2 FAITH FAITH MALIFAITH CONFLICT UPDATE BAPTIST We BAPTISThave recently been encouraged to learn Existing Medical Clinic BAPTISTOne to One Evangelism that a few pastors and believers"have returned MISSION to NorthMISSION Mali"to evaluate the devastation. After MISSION more than 14 months, the first church service The Pictures above was held in the Timbuktu Baptist Church. are recent photos There were over 150 people, mostly young people. from the Continued on Page 3 BeninClinic Window to the World, Faith Baptist Mission, PO Box 866, Eagle Lake, Florida, 33839 | www.faithbaptistwh.org/fbm WINDOW TO THE WORLD! PAGE2 BENINCLINIC established local church recognized the The Dendi are a predominately Muslim desperate need in his village for medical people group (over 99% by most estimates).
    [Show full text]
  • African Journal of Biotechnology Volume 16 Number 19, 10 May 2017 ISSN 1684-5315
    African Journal of Biotechnology Volume 16 Number 19, 10 May 2017 ISSN 1684-5315 ABOUT AJB The African Journal of Biotechnology (AJB) (ISSN 1684-5315) is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Biotechnology (AJB), a new broad-based journal, is an open access journal that was founded on two key tenets: To publish the most exciting research in all areas of applied biochemistry, industrial microbiology, molecular biology, genomics and proteomics, food and agricultural technologies, and metabolic engineering. Secondly, to provide the most rapid turn-around time possible for reviewing and publishing, and to disseminate the articles freely for teaching and reference purposes. All articles published in AJB are peer-reviewed. Contact Us Editorial Office: [email protected] Help Desk: [email protected] Website: http://www.academicjournals.org/journal/AJB Submit manuscript online http://ms.academicjournals.me/ Editor-in-Chief Associate Editors Prof. Dr. AE Aboulata George Nkem Ude, Ph.D Plant Breeder & Molecular Biologist Plant Path. Res. Inst., ARC, POBox 12619, Giza, Egypt 30 D, El-Karama St., Alf Maskan, P.O. Box 1567, Department of Natural Sciences Ain Shams, Cairo, Crawford Building, Rm 003A Bowie State University Egypt 14000 Jericho Park Road Bowie, MD 20715, USA Dr. S.K Das Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, University of Fukui, Japan Editor Prof. Okoh, A. I. Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), N. John Tonukari, Ph.D Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry University of Fort Hare. Delta State University P/Bag X1314 Alice 5700, PMB 1 South Africa Abraka, Nigeria Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Jan-Feb 2013 GPD Insides.Indd
    WILLIAM CAREY LIBRARY FEATURED BOOK Peoples on the Move Introducing the Nomads of the World Nomads — they inhabit every continent yet have “no abiding city.” Always on the move, they are often “invisible,” unreached, despised, and easily forgotten by settled citizens. Th is is the most comprehensive source of information on all the nomadic peoples of the world and includes maps, black and white photographs, people profi les, and bibliographic data. ISBN: 978-0-87808-352-7 List Price: $19.95 David J. Phillips Our Price: $15.96 WCL | Pages 490 | Paperback 2001 3 or more: $10.97 www.missionbooks.org 1-800-MISSION Become a Daily World Christian What is the Global Prayer Digest? Loose Change Adds Up! Th e Global Prayer Digest is a unique devotion- In adapting the Burma Plan to our culture, al booklet. Each day it gives a glimpse we have simply substituted loose change of what God is doing around the world for rice and have added this educational and what still remains to be done. Daily and inspirational Global Prayer Digest. One prayer for that still-unfi nished task is at person’s loose change will average about the heart of the Adopt-A-People move- $100 per year exclusively for frontier ment. Condensed missionary stories, missions! When the national goal of one biblical challenges, urgent reports, and million Adopt-A-People Prayer Partners is exciting descriptions of unreached peo- reached, that will mean $100 million more ples provide a digest of rich fuel for your per year for the frontiers! own times of prayer for the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Expanded PDF Profile
    Who are the Shanga? 1.0 The Shanga language The official classification is Niger-Congo, Mande, Eastern, Eastern, Busa. In other words Shanga belongs to the Niger- Congo branch of languages which includes most of the indigenous languages of Sub-Saharan Africa and is classified with the Mande family of languages. Most of these languages are in the centre or west of West Africa, but Shanga is towards the east, so belongs to the Eastern sub-group. Within that sub-grouping there are two clusters of languages, each cluster having some intelligibility between speakers. The Boko/Busa cluster includes Boko, Bokobaru, Bisã and Busa Illo, and the Kyanga cluster which includes Kyanga and Shanga. Shanga is not mutually intelligible with the Boko/Busa language speakers and there is only partial intelligibility with Kyanga. Lexical similarity is 81% with Kyanga, and an average of 65% with the Boko/Busa cluster. The Shanga are called Shanga or Shangawa (plural) by the Hausa and they call themselves Sã ngã̃̀, while the Kyanga at Bakinrua call them Sɛ̃ nga. It is probable that the original name was Sɛ̃ nga and the original name of the Kyanga was Kɛ̃ nga. In francophone countries the Kyanga are known as Tienga, while in Boko they are known as Kɛ̃ a. Page | 1 The distribution of Mande family languages with Boko/Busa/Kyanga on the far right This map shows that the Kyanga people are indigenous to West Africa and did not originate in the Middle East. Eastern Mande languages Bissa Samo Busa Kyanga | | | | Barka Toma Busa Kyanga Lebir Tougan Busa Illo Shanga Boko Bokobaru The results of this research show that there are about 5,000 Shanga speakers living on the banks of the Niger River just north of Yauri in the Shanga Local Government Area of Kebbi State, with another 15,000 ethnic Shanga who have assimilated to Hausa living nearby.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Mothers' Associations in Benin Leva
    Promoting Women’s Empowerment Through Grassroots Solidarity: A Case Study of Mothers’ Associations in Benin Leva Rouhani Thesis submitted to the University of Ottawa in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctorate in Philosophy Faculty of Education University of Ottawa © Leva Rouhani, Ottawa, Canada, 2021 ii Abstract In Benin, women in general and rural women in particular are central to the development and sustenance of the household, community, and society at large. Yet, often, they lack the agency, as a result of limited education, life skills, and resources, to contribute to community development, or the structures in place (laws, religious beliefs, policies, and institutions) limit women’s ability to participate in community development. As a result of their limited agency and the unequal structures in society, women in Benin have often been denied participation in decisions around education, health, economy, and agriculture. While women are key actors in all these sectors, they are often not represented sufficiently in the discussions that shape their lives. Women in Benin have collectively organized into associations to address these issues. Associations such as Mothers Associations (MAs) in Benin, have emerged with the specific purpose of improving the education of their daughters. MAs function under the umbrella of Parent Associations (PAs) to address issues of particular concern to girl students. While PAs have helped to improve basic education by putting pressure on school administrators and political leaders to address the quality of schools, these associations have been primarily male dominated, rarely identifying the specific barriers to education for girls. My dissertation has three main objectives: to assess how MAs in Benin have collectively mobilized to enhance the quality of education for schoolgirls; to determine whether MA activities and mobilization efforts have led to women’s empowerment and influence within their respective communities; and to examine whether MAs have had an impact on changing harmful social norms.
    [Show full text]
  • African Civilisation from the Earliest Times to 1500 AD HDS101
    COURSE MANUAL African Civilisation from the earliest Times to 1500 AD HDS101 University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre Open and Distance Learning Course Series Development Copyright © 2016 by Distance Learning Centre, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN: 978-021 General Editor : Prof. Bayo Okunade University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre University of Ibadan, Nigeria Telex: 31128NG Tel: +234 (80775935727) E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.dlc.ui.edu.ng Vice-Chancellor’s Message The Distance Learning Centre is building on a solid tradition of over two decades of service in the provision of External Studies Programme and now Distance Learning Education in Nigeria and beyond. The Distance Learning mode to which we are committed is providing access to many deserving Nigerians in having access to higher education especially those who by the nature of their engagement do not have the luxury of full time education. Recently, it is contributing in no small measure to providing places for teeming Nigerian youths who for one reason or the other could not get admission into the conventional universities. These course materials have been written by writers specially trained in ODL course delivery. The writers have made great efforts to provide up to date information, knowledge and skills in the different disciplines and ensure that the materials are user- friendly. In addition to provision of course materials in print and e-format, a lot of Information Technology input has also gone into the deployment of course materials.
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Pastoral Livelihoods and the Epidemiology of Emergent Trypanosomiasis on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria Ayodele Majekodunmi Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh 2011 Ph.D. – The University of Edinburgh - 2011 I Declaration I declare that the research described within this thesis is my own work and that this thesis is my own composition and certify that it has never been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification Ayodele Majekodunmi Edinburgh, 2011 Ph.D. – The University of Edinburgh - 2011 II I Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Ecological Knowledge-Based Assessment Of
    Agbani et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2018) 14:21 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-018-0219-6 RESEARCH Open Access Traditional ecological knowledge-based assessment of threatened woody species and their potential substitutes in the Atakora mountain chain, a threatened hotspot of biodiversity in Northwestern Benin, West Africa Pierre Onodje Agbani1, Konoutan Médard Kafoutchoni2, Kolawolé Valère Salako2* , Rodrigue Castro Gbedomon2, Ahuéfa Mauricel Kégbé2, Hahn Karen3 and Brice Sinsin1 Abstract Background: Atakora mountains in Benin are a unique but fragile ecosystem, harboring many endemic plant species. The ecosystem is undergoing degradation, and the woody vegetation is dramatically declining due to high anthropogenic actions and recurrent drought. This study aimed to (i) assess the diversity of threatened woody species and (ii) identify their potential substitutes in the three regions of the Atakora mountains namely East Atakora, Central Atakora, and West Atakora. Methods: The data were collected during expeditions on surveyed localities through semi-structured individual interviews. Free-listing was used to record threatened woody species and which were important and why. Alpha- diversity indices were used to assess diversity of threatened and important threatened woody species. A correspondence analysis was used to determine the reason supporting their importance. Differences in species composition were assessed using analysis of similarities. A number of potential substitutes were compared among species using generalized linear models. Results: A total of 117 woody species (37 families and 92 genera) were identified. The most prominent families were Fabaceae (19.66%), Combretaceae (12.82%), and Moraceae (10.26%), and the richest genera were Ficus (10 species), Combretum (6), and Terminalia (5).
    [Show full text]
  • Survey Along the Niger River Valley
    NYAME AKUMA No. 76 DECEMBER 2011 notably, from the exhibit and catalogue Vallées du BENIN-NIGER Niger. Known as ‘Dendi’, the narrow band on ei- ther side of the river is connected to the develop- Survey Along the Niger River ment of the Songhai Empire. Borgou, one of the Valley at the Bénin-Niger Border, polities at the southern edge of this region, has long Winter 2011 been studied by anthropologists and linguists as a case study of the integration of various population Anne Haour groups1. Finally, this region sits not just along the Oumarou Banni Guené axis of the Niger River, but also near the outlet of Olivier Gosselain two major fossil valleys (dallols) of the left bank Alexandre Livingstone Smith of the river, and at the crossing-point of important Didier N’Dah trade routes running southwest-northeast between the Hausa areas and the forested regions of what is now Ghana. For all these reasons, the area was an obvious choice for investigating the questions with which Crossroads is concerned, namely: how Introduction did the medieval ‘empires’ influence the manner in which settlement and material culture are patterned Our understanding of the last 1000 years in across the landscape? the Sahel of West Africa is, at present, largely de- rived from historical sources, which tell us of vast To explore this, we intend to use a com- polities - empires, kingdoms or city states - and bined and multi-scalar approach to ancient polities, thriving trans-Saharan trade networks. But his- where archaeological surveys and excavations are torical sources, however valuable, leave out many conducted in association with ethnographic and aspects of the history of these socio-economic historical enquiries.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Fulfulde Varieties of Eastern Niger: Dialect Intelligibility and Language Attitudes
    DigitalResources Electronic Survey Report 2012-003 ® A Study of Fulfulde Varieties of Eastern Niger: Dialect Intelligibility and Language Attitudes Annette R. Harrison Byron L. Harrison Michael J. Rueck Kendall Isaac A Study of Fulfulde Varieties of Eastern Niger: Dialect Intelligibility and Language Attitudes Annette R. Harrison, Byron L. Harrison, Michael J. Rueck, and Kendall Isaac ® SIL International 2012 SIL Electronic Survey Report 2012-003, January 2012 © 2012 Annette R. Harrison, Byron L. Harrison, Michael J. Rueck, Kendall Isaac, and SIL International ® All rights reserved Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Theoretical issues 1.2 Fulfulde speaking groups in Niger 1.3 Written materials in Fulfulde 1.4 Summary of research purpose and hypotheses 2. Methodology 2.1 Sampling 2.1.1 Selection of potential reference dialects for text testing 2.1.2 Selection of data collection sites within the zones 2.1.3 Selection of individuals at each data collection site 2.1.4 Non-response 2.1.5 Actual sample population for the language attitude assessment 2.1.6 Summary 2.2 Methods of data collection 2.2.1 General sociolinguistic interview schedule 2.2.2 Vallette list 2.2.3 RTT 2.2.4 Language attitude assessment instrument 2.3 Summary 3. Results 3.1 Intelligibility between western Niger Fulfulde and eastern Niger varieties 3.2 Intelligibility for eastern Niger Fulfulde varieties 3.3 Language attitudes for eastern Niger Fulfulde varieties 3.3.1 Areas of evaluation: shared identity, identity difference, and language appreciation 3.3.2 Attitude assessments by zone 3.3.3 Attitude assessments by age and sex 3.4 Discussion 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnicity and Missional Strategies Within the Presbyterian Church of Nigeria
    ETHNICITY AND MISSIONAL STRATEGIES WITHIN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NIGERIA By Uma Agwu Onwunta (Rev.) Dissertation presented for the Degree of Doctor of Theology in Missiology at the University of Stellenbosch Promoter: Professor H. J. Hendriks December 2006 DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work in this dissertation is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. Signature: …………………………… Date: ……………………………….. ii ABSTRACT This study and dissertation examines “Ethnicity and missional strategies within the Presbyterian Church of Nigeria.” A historical study of the mission methods and an empirical study of current missionary practices in the church point to the need for a new missional identity of the church. This missional identity requires a reversal of and a change to missionary strategies that should result into reconciliatory missiology. In the process of making this assessment of the Presbyterian mission in Nigeria, it was necessary to re- visit the missionary ecclesiologies that shaped and contributed to the present identity. Thus, the research focused on the missionary impact of the Church of Scotland, Presbyterian Church in Canada, Presbyterian Church (USA), and the Netherlands Reformed Church (NRC). Insights from these historical excursions helped in determining not only the blessings that these ecclesiologies brought to bear on Nigerian Presbyterianism but also in discovering the burdens they brought on their trails, especially, regarding the seed of racism which was a precursor to the present ethnocentrism in the PCN. The second segment of this research was the empirical study of the current mission and work of the PCN.
    [Show full text]