DOCSLIB.ORG

2010-11-23-MO-DEA-Kalaupapa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2010-11-23-MO-DEA-Kalaupapa National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Kalaupapa National Historical Park Hawaii Project to Repair the Kalaupapa Dock Structures Environmental Assessment August 2010 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Kalaupapa Settlement is home to surviving Hansen's disease (leprosy) patients, and is cur- rently managed jointly by the Hawaii Department of Health and the National Park Service (NPS). The vast majority of materials needed to sustain the park and the Kalaupapa Settlement is received by barge delivery. An engineering study (Daly 2005) has determined that severe win- ter swell conditions have compromised the structural integrity of the Kalaupapa harbor facilities used by the barge. The NPS proposes to ensure delivery of supplies essential to operate and maintain Kalaupapa National Historical Park (“the park”) and the community by improving conditions of the dock structures at the harbor. This environmental assessment considered two alternatives for improving conditions of the dock structures: Alternative A: The No Action Alternative: Current NPS management operations at the dock and harbor would remain unchanged without repair to the dock structures. The integrity and stability of the pier may be compromised to the point of being unsafe for barge operations. Over the long-term, barge service to the park would likely be disrupted or become sporadic. Delive- ries of annual supplies and materials used for state operations, park programs, and the park’s ongoing rehabilitation of historic properties would be affected. Alternative B: The Preferred Alternative: This alternative would include completion of the repairs necessary to maintain service via a small barge. Voids in the bulkhead wall toe, the low dock toe, and the breakwater would be filled for structural integrity, and repairs would be made to the pier dock. This maintenance is expected to lengthen the effective life of the pier for an additional 10 to 15 years. The alternatives were considered for their effects on water resources; benthic resources and es- sential fish habitat; fish; special-status species; natural soundscape; cultural resources of the Ka- laupapa Settlement; and park operations. PUBLIC REVIEW AND COMMENT This environmental assessment will be available for public review for 30 days. If you wish to comment on this environmental assessment, you may mail comments to the park superinten- dent at the address below or post comments online at http://parkplanning.nps.gov/kala. Before including your address, phone number, e-mail address, or other personal identifying informa- tion in your comment, you should be aware that your entire comment - including your personal identifying information - may be made publicly available at any time. While you may ask us in your comment to withhold your personal identifying information from public review, we can- not guarantee that we will be able to do so. We would make all submissions from organizations, businesses and from individuals identifying themselves as representatives or officials of organi- zations or businesses available for public inspections in their entirety. Please address Superintendent written comments to: Kalaupapa National Historical Park, attention Dock EA P.O. Box 2222 Kalaupapa, HI 96742 808-567-6802 United States Department of the Interior ● National Park Service -iii- This page is intentionally left blank TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Purpose of and Need for Action .................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Project Background ............................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of and Need for Action .......................................................................................... 5 Park Purpose and Significance ............................................................................................. 9 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 11 Relevant Laws, Policies, Plans, and Constraints .............................................................. 11 Relationship to Other Plans ................................................................................................ 14 Scoping Process and Public Participation ........................................................................ 15 Issues and Impact Topics .................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 2: The Alternatives .............................................................................................................. 25 Development of the Alternatives ....................................................................................... 25 Alternative A: The No Action Alternative ........................................................................ 28 Alternative B: the Preferred Alternative – Deferred Maintenance ................................ 29 Resource Protection Measures and Monitoring of Alternative B ................................. 32 Alternatives Considered and Dismissed ........................................................................... 37 Environmentally Preferred Alternative ............................................................................. 41 Summary of the Alternatives .............................................................................................. 43 Chapter 3: Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences ..................................... 49 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 49 Methods for Analyzing Impacts ......................................................................................... 50 Water Resources .................................................................................................................. 54 Benthic Resources and Essential Fish Habitat ................................................................. 62 Fishes ................................................................................................................................... 75 Special-Status Species .......................................................................................................... 82 Soundscape ......................................................................................................................... 108 Cultural Resources ............................................................................................................. 114 Park Operations and Management .................................................................................. 131 Chapter 4: Consultation and Coordination ................................................................................. 135 Public Scoping .................................................................................................................... 135 Agency Scoping .................................................................................................................. 136 List of Preparers and Contributors .................................................................................. 140 List of Recipients ................................................................................................................ 142 References ........................................................................................................................................ 145 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................. 157 Glossary ............................................................................................................................................. 159 Appendix A Coastal Zone Management Act Consistency Determination for the Preferred Alternative Appendix B Consultation and Coordination Correspondence -v- TABLE OF CONTENTS FIGURES 1: View of Kalaupapa National Historical Park from Nearby Cliffs ........................................... 1 2: Main Hawaiian Islands Showing Kalaupapa National Historical Park .................................. 2 3: Map of Kalaupapa National Historical Park and Harbor Location ........................................ 3 4: Dock Structure and Barge Basin .................................................................................................. 4 5: Winter Waves at Kalaupapa Harbor ............................................................................................ 5 6: Barge Day 2007 ............................................................................................................................... 6 7: Bulkhead with Void and Shoreside Historic Warehouse ......................................................... 8 8: Breakwater – Shifted Armor Stones and Cracked Concrete .................................................... 9 9: View of Anchor ............................................................................................................................. 20 10: View of 1970’s Dolphin Resting on Harbor Floor................................................................. 21 11: Location of Freshwater Seeps in the Project Area ................................................................. 55 12: Harbor Seafloor Habitat in the Project Area .........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Caribbean Wildlife Undersea 2017
    Caribbean Wildlife Undersea life This document is a compilation of wildlife pictures from The Caribbean, taken from holidays and cruise visits. Species identification can be frustratingly difficult and our conclusions must be checked via whatever other resources are available. We hope this publication may help others having similar problems. While every effort has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information in this document, the authors cannot be held re- sponsible for any errors. Copyright © John and Diana Manning, 2017 1 Angelfishes (Pomacanthidae) Corals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) French angelfish 7 Bipinnate sea plume 19 (Pomacanthus pardu) (Antillogorgia bipinnata) Grey angelfish 8 Black sea rod 20 (Pomacanthus arcuatus) (Plexaura homomalla) Queen angelfish 8 Blade fire coral 20 (Holacanthus ciliaris) (Millepora complanata) Rock beauty 9 Branching fire coral 21 (Holacanthus tricolor) (Millepora alcicornis) Townsend angelfish 9 Bristle Coral 21 (Hybrid) (Galaxea fascicularis) Elkhorn coral 22 Barracudas (Sphyraenidae) (Acropora palmata) Great barracuda 10 Finger coral 22 (Sphyraena barracuda) (Porites porites) Fire coral 23 Basslets (Grammatidae) (Millepora dichotoma) Fairy basslet 10 Great star coral 23 (Gramma loreto) (Montastraea cavernosa) Grooved brain coral 24 Bonnetmouths (Inermiidae) (Diploria labyrinthiformis) Boga( Inermia Vittata) 11 Massive starlet coral 24 (Siderastrea siderea) Bigeyes (Priacanthidae) Pillar coral 25 Glasseye snapper 11 (Dendrogyra cylindrus) (Heteropriacanthus cruentatus) Porous sea rod 25 (Pseudoplexaura
    [Show full text]
  • ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN UITGEGEVEN DOOR HET RIJKSMUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE TE LEIDEN (MINISTERIE VAN CULTUUR, RECREATIE EN MAATSCHAPPELIJK WERK) Deel 56 No
    ZOOLOGISCHE MEDEDELINGEN UITGEGEVEN DOOR HET RIJKSMUSEUM VAN NATUURLIJKE HISTORIE TE LEIDEN (MINISTERIE VAN CULTUUR, RECREATIE EN MAATSCHAPPELIJK WERK) Deel 56 no. 3 23 december 1980 THE DECAPOD AND STOMATOPQD CRUSTACEA OF ST PAUL'S ROCKS by L. B. HOLTHUIS Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, Netherlands A. J. EDWARDS and H. R. LUBBOCK Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K. With two text-figures and one plate INTRODUCTION Saint Paul's Rocks (Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo) are a small group of rocky islets on the mid-Atlantic ridge near the equator, occupying an area of roughly 250 by 425 m. There is no vegetation and, apart from birds and invertebrates, the islands are uninhabited. The Cambridge Expedi­ tion to Saint Paul's Rocks visited the group from 16 to 24 September 1979 and made extensive collections of the terrestrial and marine fauna; these included a number of Crustacea. The Decapoda and Stomatopoda of St Paul's Rocks are the subject of the present paper. Few detailed studies have been published to date on the Crustacea of St Paul's Rocks, largely because of the Rocks' remoteness and inhospitable nature. Crustacea, especially the common and conspicuous rock crab Grapsus grapsus, have been mentioned in several narratives and popular accounts, but the only material on which scientific reports have been based is that collected by H.M.S. "Challenger" in 1873. The Challenger reports mention eight species of Decapoda (5 Macrura, 1 Anomuran and 2 Brachyura) from St Paul's Rocks. The Cambridge Expedition collected nine species of Deca­ poda (2 Macrura and 7 Brachyura) and one species of Stomatopoda; in addition one macrurous decapod was observed but not collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Sally Lightfoot Crab
    Stephen Nowak Sally Lightfoot Crab Scientific Name: Arthropoda Crustacea Decapoda Grapsidae Grapsus grapsus Spanish Name: Abuete Negro Closest Relative: Percnon gibbesi Atlantic Ocean; Also known as Sally Lightfoot © 2004-5 Select Latin America Ltd Sally Lightfoot crab scavenging on a dead animal Geographical/Habitat: The Sally Lightfoot crab geographical local extends from the coasts of Baja California through the western coasts of Central and South America. This species of crab is a land dwelling species which spend the majority of its day on dark rocky beaches and in intertidal zones where many other animals find the constant barrage of waves too difficult to inhabit. What to Look for Physically: These creatures normally range from 5-7 cm but in the Galapagos they grow slightly larger. The Sally Lightfoot crab has developed a few adaptations to best survive in its ecological niche. As immature crabs the species' carapace is cryptically colored to match the beaches it dwells upon to remain hidden from overhead attacks from predators flying above. As the species develops, the exoskeleton becomes more difficult for these birds to break through, and sexual selection becomes the new priority to overcome. Adult Sally Lightfoot crabs are characterized by a vibrant red shell which contrasts strikingly with the lava rock beaches of the Galapagos. The name Sally Lightfoot was given to these crabs because of their agility to elude skilled trappers across the beaches. John Steinbeck comments in The Log of the Sea of Cortez “They seem to be able to run in all four directions; but more than this, perhaps because of their rapid reaction time they appear to read the mind of their hunter.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Theecological Systemsof Puerto Rico
    United States Department of Agriculture Guide to the Forest Service Ecological Systems International Institute of Tropical Forestry of Puerto Rico General Technical Report IITF-GTR-35 June 2009 Gary L. Miller and Ariel E. Lugo The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and national grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Authors Gary L. Miller is a professor, University of North Carolina, Environmental Studies, One University Heights, Asheville, NC 28804-3299.
    [Show full text]
  • A Molecular Method for the Detection of Sally Lightfoot Crab Larvae (Grapsus Grapsus, Brachyura, Grapsidae) in Plankton Samples
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 34, 3, 529-531 (2011) Copyright © 2011, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Short Communication A molecular method for the detection of sally lightfoot crab larvae (Grapsus grapsus, Brachyura, Grapsidae) in plankton samples Patrícia R. Ströher1, Carina R. Firkowski1, Andrea S. Freire2 and Marcio R. Pie1 1Laboratório de Dinâmica Evolutiva e Sistemas Complexos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. 2Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Abstract The decapod Grapsus grapsus is commonly found on oceanic islands of the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the Ameri- cas. In this study, a simple, quick and reliable method for detecting its larvae in plankton samples is described, which makes it ideal for large-scale studies of larval dispersal patterns in the species. Key words: dispersal, aratu, sayapa, molecular marker. Received: December 1, 2010; Accepted: March 23, 2011. Grapsus grapsus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Brachyura: netic differentiation and little recruitment from alternative Grapsidae), commonly known as the “sally lightfoot” crab locations. For instance, plankton sampling using conven- in English, “aratu” in Portuguese and “sayapa” in Spanish, tional methods clearly revealed G. grapsus larvae retention occurs on the eastern Pacific continental coast and islands in the vicinity of Saint Paul’s Rocks (Koettker et al., 2009). from Baja California to northern Chile, as well as in large Nevertheless, external morphology among populations ap- numbers on the Galapagos Islands. In the Atlantic, al- pears to be very similar, thereby suggesting some level of though absent along the coast, it occurs on the Caribbean Is- gene flow between them.
    [Show full text]
  • The 1940 Ricketts-Steinbeck Sea of Cortez Expedition: an 80-Year Retrospective Guest Edited by Richard C
    JOURNAL OF THE SOUTHWEST Volume 62, Number 2 Summer 2020 Edited by Jeffrey M. Banister THE SOUTHWEST CENTER UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA TUCSON Associate Editors EMMA PÉREZ Production MANUSCRIPT EDITING: DEBRA MAKAY DESIGN & TYPOGRAPHY: ALENE RANDKLEV West Press, Tucson, AZ COVER DESIGN: CHRISTINE HUBBARD Editorial Advisors LARRY EVERS ERIC PERRAMOND University of Arizona Colorado College MICHAEL BRESCIA LUCERO RADONIC University of Arizona Michigan State University JACQUES GALINIER SYLVIA RODRIGUEZ CNRS, Université de Paris X University of New Mexico CURTIS M. HINSLEY THOMAS E. SHERIDAN Northern Arizona University University of Arizona MARIO MATERASSI CHARLES TATUM Università degli Studi di Firenze University of Arizona CAROLYN O’MEARA FRANCISCO MANZO TAYLOR Universidad Nacional Autónoma Hermosillo, Sonora de México RAYMOND H. THOMPSON MARTIN PADGET University of Arizona University of Wales, Aberystwyth Journal of the Southwest is published in association with the Consortium for Southwest Studies: Austin College, Colorado College, Fort Lewis College, Southern Methodist University, Texas State University, University of Arizona, University of New Mexico, and University of Texas at Arlington. Contents VOLUME 62, NUMBER 2, SUmmer 2020 THE 1940 RICKETTS-STEINBECK SEA OF CORTEZ EXPEDITION: AN 80-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE GUesT EDITed BY RIchard C. BRUsca DedIcaTed TO The WesTerN FLYer FOUNdaTION Publishing the Southwest RIchard C. BRUsca 215 The 1940 Ricketts-Steinbeck Sea of Cortez Expedition, with Annotated Lists of Species and Collection Sites RIchard C. BRUsca 218 The Making of a Marine Biologist: Ed Ricketts RIchard C. BRUsca AND T. LINdseY HasKIN 335 Ed Ricketts: From Pacific Tides to the Sea of Cortez DONald G. Kohrs 373 The Tangled Journey of the Western Flyer: The Boat and Its Fisheries KEVIN M.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecologically Or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (Ebsas) Special Places in the World’S Oceans
    2 Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) Special places in the world’s oceans WIDER CARIBBEAN AND WESTERN MID-ATLANTIC Areas described as meeting the EBSA criteria at the CBD Wider Caribbean and Western Mid-Atlantic Regional Workshop in Recife, Brazil, 28 February to 2 March 2012 Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN: 92-9225-560-6 Ecologically or Copyright © 2014, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression Biologically Significant of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Marine Areas (EBSAs) The views reported in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Special places in the world’s oceans The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsi ble for Areas described as meeting the EBSA criteria at the any use which may be made of the information contained therein. CBD Wider Caribbean and Western Mid-Atlantic Regional This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Convention on Workshop in Recife, Brazil, 28 February to 2 March 2012 Biological Diversity would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source.
    [Show full text]
  • Underwater Punting by an Intertidal Crab: a Novel Gait Revealed by the Kinematics of Pedestrian Locomotion in Air Versus Water
    The Journal of Experimental Biology 201, 2609–2623 (1998) 2609 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 JEB1556 UNDERWATER PUNTING BY AN INTERTIDAL CRAB: A NOVEL GAIT REVEALED BY THE KINEMATICS OF PEDESTRIAN LOCOMOTION IN AIR VERSUS WATER MARLENE M. MARTINEZ*, R. J. FULL AND M. A. R. KOEHL Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA *e-mail: [email protected] Accepted 22 June; published on WWW 25 August 1998 Summary As an animal moves from air to water, its effective weight measuring the three-dimensional kinematics of intertidal is substantially reduced by buoyancy while the fluid- rock crabs (Grapsus tenuicrustatus) locomoting through dynamic forces (e.g. lift and drag) are increased 800-fold. water and air at the same velocity (9 cm s−1) over a flat The changes in the magnitude of these forces are likely to substratum. As predicted from reduced-gravity models of have substantial consequences for locomotion as well as for running, crabs moving under water showed decreased leg resistance to being overturned. We began our investigation contact times and duty factors relative to locomotion on of aquatic pedestrian locomotion by quantifying the land. In water, the legs cycled intermittently, fewer legs kinematics of crabs at slow speeds where buoyant forces were in contact with the substratum and leg kinematics are more important relative to fluid-dynamic forces. At were much more variable than on land. The width of the these slow speeds, we used reduced-gravity models of crab’s stance was 19 % greater in water than in air, thereby terrestrial locomotion to predict trends in the kinematics increasing stability against overturning by hydrodynamic of aquatic pedestrian locomotion.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Aspects of Grapsus Grapsus (Decapoda: Grapsidae) in Islands of Southeastern Gulf of California
    Journal MVZ Cordoba 2021; January-April. 26(1):e1953. https://doi.org/10.21897/rmvz.1953 Original Reproductive aspects of Grapsus grapsus (Decapoda: Grapsidae) on islands of the southeastern Gulf of California Yecenia Gutiérrez-Rubio1 M.Sc; Juan F. Arzola-González1* Ph.D; Raúl Pérez-González1 Ph.D; Guillermo Rodríguez-Domínguez1 Ph.D; José Salgado-Barragán2 Ph.D; Jorge S. Ramírez-Pérez1 Ph.D; Adrián González-Castillo3 Ph.D. 1Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Facultad de Ciencias del Mar. Doctorado en Ciencias en Recursos Acuáticos. Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México. 2Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología. Joel Montes Camarena, Cerro del Vigía. Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México. 3Universidad Politécnica de Sinaloa. Carretera Municipal Libre Mazatlán Las Higueras, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México. Correspondencia: [email protected] Received: March 2020; Accepted: August 2020; Published: November 2020. RESUMEN Objetivo. Se analizó la proporción de sexos, hembras ovígeras, talla de primera madurez sexual y fecundidad del cangrejo roca Grapsus grapsus en islas Lobos, Venados y Pájaros (sureste del Golfo de California). Material y métodos. Los muestreos fueron mensuales entre marzo 2011 y febrero 2012, las colectas fueron nocturnas durante la bajamar, se obtuvieron en un cuadrante (25 m2) por isla 30 organismos al azar, se les determinó el AN (mm) y PT (g). Se estimó la proporción de sexos y talla de primera madurez sexual (AN50%), se analizaron en hembras grávidas, las fases embrionarias y la fecundidad (método gravimétrico). Resultados. La proporción de M:H fue 1:1.3. La talla media de primera madurez fue AN50% 34.9 mm. Es evidente la presencia de hembras ovígeras (71.3%) y todas las fases embrionarias, la fase rojo-naranja fue la mayor representada en 48%.
    [Show full text]
  • Variation in Aggressive Behavior in Sally Lightfoot Crabs (Grapsus Grapsus) Relative to Age Class
    College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day Undergraduate Research 4-25-2019 Variation in Aggressive Behavior in Sally Lightfoot Crabs (Grapsus grapsus) Relative to Age Class Tyler Hartigan College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, [email protected] Benjamin Hartmann College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, [email protected] Frances Weyrauch College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, [email protected] Alison Stiller College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, [email protected] Taylor Schreiner College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, [email protected] See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/ur_cscday Recommended Citation Hartigan, Tyler; Hartmann, Benjamin; Weyrauch, Frances; Stiller, Alison; Schreiner, Taylor; and Frank, Meegan, "Variation in Aggressive Behavior in Sally Lightfoot Crabs (Grapsus grapsus) Relative to Age Class" (2019). Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day. 88. https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/ur_cscday/88 This Poster is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Tyler Hartigan, Benjamin Hartmann, Frances Weyrauch, Alison Stiller, Taylor Schreiner, and Meegan Frank This poster is available at DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/ur_cscday/88 Variation in Aggressive Behavior in Sally Lightfoot Crabs (Grapsus grapsus) Relative to Age Class Tyler Hartigan, Benjamin Hartmann, Frances Weyrauch, Alison Stiller, Taylor Schreiner, and Meegan Frank; Mentor: Kristina Timmerman.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavioural and Physiological Studies of Fighting in the Velvet Swimming Crab, Necora Puber (L.) (Brachyura, Portunidae)
    Behavioural and Physiological Studies of Fighting in the Velvet Swimming Crab, Necora puber (L.) (Brachyura, Portunidae) by Kathleen Elaine Thorpe B.Sc. (Leicester) Department of Zoology University of Glasgow A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Faculty of Science at the University of Glasgow © K. E. Thorpe August 1994 ProQuest Number: 13834084 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 13834084 Published by ProQuest LLC(2019). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 'ft-M 113 ^ i P -I Irsssssr UNIVERSITY C( I I { library _ Dedicated to the memory of my Dad, Ian Grenville Thorpe. THAT'S THE WHOLE PROBLEM WITH SCIENCE. 'fCU'VE GOT A BUNCH OF EMPIRICISTS TRT1NG TO DESCRIBE THINGS OF UNIMAGINABLE WONDER. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, sincere thanks and great respect are due to my supervisors, Felicity Huntingford and Alan Taylor, for their help, advice and enthusiastic encouragement throughout the course of this work. Special thanks go to Felicity for constructive criticism, discussion and guidance during the preparation of this thesis, and also for a welcomed source of pocket money.
    [Show full text]
  • Galapagos Cruise
    Tropical Birding Trip Report GALAPAGOS: October-November 2014 This was a set departure tour GALAPAGOS CRUISE 23rd October – 1st November 2014 Tour leader: Pablo Cervantes All photos are by Pablo Cervantes/Tropical Birding 1 www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-0514 [email protected] Page Tropical Birding Trip Report GALAPAGOS: October-November 2014 INTRODUCTION: On this wonderful cruise, on a small yacht, hired for the excusive use of our group, we visited 11 different islands and multiple varied locations in this fascinating archipelago. These ranged from the Galapagos’s largest island, the seahorse-shaped Isabela, to a tiny islet too, barely a pinprick on the map, like Daphne Major, barely as big as four football pitches. The variety of landscapes in Galapagos are frequently underestimated and underappreciated in the coffee-table book images of the islands. We walked in wet, green areas in the humid highlands of the archipelago, while also taking in the better-known dry, arid coastal zones too, even in the same day. In contrast to the well vegetated highlands, we also visited barren looking lava fields too, which illustrated up close the volcanic nature of the islands; where barely a plant survives, save for pioneer cactus species poking through the crusty black ground. On this tour, like all cruises that have gone before, reactions of surprise were provided as much by the variety of landscapes as well as the well advertised boldness of the birds and other animal life. The islands are located 600 miles/960 kilometers off the coast of Ecuador, meaning that many of the group who joined this trip, were also able to enjoy the mainland too, through the various adjoining tours that linked with the cruise.
    [Show full text]