Phase 1 Ecological Surveys

SADPD SUPPORTING EVIDENCE

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy

June 2010

Phase 1 Ecological Survey

Site Allocation Development Plan Document Bracknell Forest Borough Council

Broad Area 1: SHLAA Sites within South West Sandhurst

Ref: R70/b

June 2010

100 New Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, Berkshire, RG45 6JP Telephone/Fax: 01344 780785 Mobile: 07979 403099 E-mail: [email protected] www.wenman-ecology.co.uk

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales with registered number OC339057. Registered office: 100 New Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, Berkshire RG45 6JP where you may look at a list of members’ names.

1 SUMMARY...... 3

2 INTRODUCTION...... 4

3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES ...... 6

4 POLICY BACKGROUND ...... 10

5 SURVEY METHOD ...... 11

6 SURVEY FINDINGS...... 12

7 DISCUSSION ...... 19

8 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 23

9 REFERENCES...... 25

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN...... 26

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 27

APPENDIX 3 TARGET NOTES ...... 28

APPENDIX 4 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY ...... 29

1 SUMMARY

1.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the land within the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites and adjoining land within Broad Area 1 of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document.

1.1.2 The survey site covered a total area of 41.9 hectares in south west Sandhurst, Berkshire. The Broad Area largely comprised of grazed fields of improved and poor semi-improved grassland dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance, mixed woodland in the north and patches of amenity grassland on the residential plots.

1.1.3 The land within the Broad Area is not statutorily or non-statutorily designated for its wildlife interest and the only records of legally protected or notable species held for the site by the Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre are those of the birds: spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata) and whinchat (Saxicola rubetra).

1.1.4 The majority of the land in the Broad Area was heavily grazed and improved grassland of limited ecological value and was of no special conservation importance; however the hedgerows, stream, ditches and areas of taller grassland in the Broad Area are likely to act as the focus for biodiversity within the Area and may provide habitat of local importance for legally protected and key species of national and local conservation importance such as reptiles, amphibians, birds, water voles, bats and invertebrates, and are likely to connect key habitats such as the wetland habitats to the south with woodland habitats to the north for example.

1.1.5 Further species specific surveys for key and protected species including reptiles, great crested newts, bats, breeding birds, water voles and badgers would be required to fully establish the ecological value of habitats within the Broad Area.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 3 - 2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Background

2.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the land within the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites and adjoining land in Broad Area 1 of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document in south west Sandhurst, Berkshire: Site 30 - land adjacent to Church Lane and site 287 - land between Wokingham Road & Ambarrow Lane.

2.1.2 The survey was commissioned in connection with the preparation of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document for Bracknell Forest Borough.

2.2 Site location and context

2.2.1 Site 30 covers an area of approximately 7.4 hectares between Lower Church Road and Wokingham Road in south west Sandhurst (OS grid reference SU825621). The site – principally agricultural fields grazed by horses - is located immediately to the west of a residential estate, south of site 287, north of a large residential plot and east of land associated with St Michaels Church of England Primary School, Church Farm and three fishing lakes adjacent to Blackwater River.

2.2.2 Site 287 covers an area of approximately 23 hectares between Lower Church Road and Wokingham Road in south west Sandhurst (OS grid reference SU822623). The site, an equestrian farm called Perry Bridge Farm, is located immediately to the west of Ambarrow Court Local Nature Reserve (LNR), south of two residential plots (Ambarrow Farm and Yonder), east of Horseshoe Lake Water Sports Centre and north of agricultural fields similar to those found on the site.

2.2.3 A drain runs between the two sites from the north east to the south west joining the Blackwater River to the south east of Broad Area 1. A wet ditch and public footpath run from north to south through Ambarrow Farm plot and the fields of site 287 to Horseshoe Lake further south.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 4 - 2.2.4 The remainder of the site comprises the residential plots of Ambarrow Farm and Yonder and their associated gardens to the north, and the Ambarrow Wood residential plot at the most northerly point of Broad Area 1 with associated woodland area. To the south east of site 30 there is Ryefield residential plot with associated gardens.

2.3 Report format

2.3.1 There follows: an overview of the protected species legislation in Section 3 and of the national and local wildlife policy background in Section 4; details of the survey method in Section 5; survey findings in Section 6 and 7; a discussion of the survey findings in Section 8 and recommendations are made in Section 9. The appendices present the phase 1 survey plan (Appendix 1), site photographs (Appendix 2), target notes (Appendix 3) and a plant species list recorded during the survey (Appendix 4).

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 5 - 3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES

3.1 Amphibians

3.1.1 The six native species of amphibian receive protection under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The four widespread and common amphibians (common frog, toad, smooth and palmate newts) receive limited protection – making their sale illegal.

3.1.2 Great crested newts receive full protection under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and under the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 2010 (‘Habitat Regulations’) (as amended). These make it illegal to

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a great crested newt;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a great crested newt;

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a great crested newt;

• Intentionally or recklessly disturb great crested newts; in particular any disturbance which is likely to impair their ability to survive, breed or reproduce or nurture their young; or in the case of hibernating or migrating animals, to hibernate or migrate.

3.2 Bats

3.2.1 All British bat species are fully protected by the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and by the Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (‘Habitat Regulations’). In summary, the legislation combined makes it an offence to:

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a bat;

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 6 - • Deliberately, intentionally or recklessly disturb bats; in particular any disturbance which is likely to impair the ability of bats to survive, breed or reproduce or nurture their young; or in the case of hibernating or migrating bats, to hibernate or migrate; or to affect significantly the local distribution or abundance of the species;

• Deliberately kill, injure or take any bat.

3.3 Badgers

3.3.1 Badgers are protected by the Protection of Badgers Act 1992. The Act makes activities such as development that would harm or disturb badgers or damage, obstruct or destroy their setts illegal. If badgers are to be affected by the proposed development, activities can be undertaken only under a licence issued by Natural England. The issue of a licence would be subject to the development of a suitable mitigation strategy.

3.4 Birds

3.4.1 All wild birds are protected under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The Act makes it an offence to kill, injure or take a wild bird or to damage or destroy the nest of a wild bird whilst in use or being built.

3.4.2 Rarer bird species, such as the barn owl and kingfisher, are listed on Schedule 1 of the Act, which makes it an offence to disturb the birds whilst nesting also.

3.5 Dormice

3.5.1 Dormice receive full protection under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and under the Conservation (Natural Habitats &c.) Regulations 2010 (‘Habitat Regulations’) (as amended). These make it illegal to

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a dormouse;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a dormouse;

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 7 - • Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a dormouse;

• Intentionally or recklessly disturb dormice; in particular any disturbance which is likely to impair their ability to survive, breed or reproduce or nurture their young; or in the case of hibernating or migrating animals, to hibernate or migrate.

3.5.2 The government’s statutory conservation advisory organisation, Natural England, is responsible for issuing European Protected Species licences that would permit activities that would otherwise lead to an infringement of the Habitat Regulations. A licence can be issued if the following three tests have been met:

• Regulation 53(9)(a) - there is “no satisfactory alternative” to the derogation, and; • Regulation 53(9)(b) - the derogation “will not be detrimental to the maintenance of the population of the species concerned at a favourable conservation status in their natural range” and; • Regulation 53(2)(e) - the derogation is for the purposes of “preserving public health or public safety or other imperative reasons of overriding public interest, including those of a social or economic nature and beneficial consequences of primary importance for the environment”.

3.5.3 Local authorities have a statutory duty under Regulation 9(5) of the Habitat Regulations to have regard to requirements of the Habitats Directive in the exercise of their functions. The Council must therefore consider and determine whether these three tests have been satisfied by this application before granting planning permission. N.B. the requirements set out in 3.5.2 and 3.5.3 apply to development that would affect bats and great crested newts, which are European Protected Species also.

3.6 Reptiles

3.6.1 The four widespread reptiles most likely to be encountered (Adder, grass snake, slow worm and viviparous lizard) are protected under the Wildlife &

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 8 - Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The Act makes it an offence to intentionally kill, injure, possess or sell any of the species.

3.7 Water voles

3.7.1 Since April 2008, water voles have received full protection under Section 9 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). This makes it an offence to intentionally kill, injure or take water voles or to possess or control live or dead water voles or derivatives. It is an offence to intentionally or recklessly damage, destroy or obstruct access to any structure or place used for shelter or protection or intentionally or recklessly disturb water voles whilst occupying a structure or place used for that purpose.

3.7.2 The water vole is listed as being of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity in England, under Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006, (commonly referred to as a UKBAP Priority species). The water vole is also a priority species on the Bracknell Forest Biodiversity Action Plan.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 9 - 4 POLICY BACKGROUND

4.1 National planning policy

4.1.1 Planning policy statement 9 (Biodiversity and Geological Conservation) requires local planning authorities to take steps to protect species of conservation importance i.e. those listed by the Secretary of State in response to Section 74(2) of the CROW Act 2000 from ‘the adverse affects of development’. This includes species listed as UK Biodiversity Action Plan priorities such as the great crested newt, slow worm and song thrush for example.

4.2 Local wildlife and planning policy

4.2.1 The Bracknell Forest Local Plan (adopted 2006) along with the emerging Local Development Framework for the Borough provides guidance on how biodiversity should be considered as part of development.

4.2.2 The Supplementary Planning Document, ‘Limiting the Impact of Development’ (published in 2007), provides guidance on the information required by Bracknell Forest Borough Council in order to assess the impact of development proposals on biodiversity. The document states that an ecological statement setting out the ecological value of a site and providing of an assessment of likely ecological impacts, proposals for mitigation and compensation during construction and in the longer term is required.

4.2.3 Habitat and species conservation priorities within Bracknell Forest are set out within the Borough’s Biodiversity Action Plan. The Plan sets out targets for 24 key species great crested newt; and six key habitats which include grassland and wetland habitats.

4.2.4 Sites of importance for wildlife in Berkshire are referred to as Local Wildlife Sites (LWS). Designated LWS are assessed against set criteria agreed by the Berkshire Nature Conservation Forum.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 10 - 5 SURVEY METHOD

5.1.1 A walkover survey of site 30 and site 287 was undertaken on the 23rd April 2010. During the survey the habitats present were noted and plotted on a site plan (Appendix 1) using definitions based on the standard phase 1 ecological survey definitions (JNCC 2007). Key features of the site were photographed (Appendix 2) and plotted on the site plan using target notes (Appendix 3).

5.1.2 Any features of ecological importance were recorded, and plant species observed during the survey noted (Appendix 4). Particular attention was given to any evidence of the presence of protected species and the site’s potential to support such species and those of conservation importance (as defined within Section 74(2) of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000).

5.1.3 The habitats of those sites within Broad Area 1 without access to undertake a walkover survey: Ambarrow Farm, Yonder, Ambarrow Wood and Ryefield plots, were identified using aerial photography on Google Earth and Ordnance Survey mapping. It must be noted that these areas have only brief and general habitat descriptions denoted from aerial photography that is not accurate. A walkover survey of these areas is recommended.

5.2 Biological records search

5.2.1 The Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre, Binfield Badger Group and Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat were commissioned to undertake a search of the data held on protected and notable species within 1km of the Broad Area boundary.

5.3 Survey constraints

5.3.1 The ecological survey was subject to seasonal and access constraints; not all plant and animal species are visible throughout the year and therefore the report represents a snapshot of the site at the time of the survey only. The plant species list presented should not be considered a comprehensive list of species present.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 11 - 6 SURVEY FINDINGS

6.1 Site overview

6.1.1 Site 287 consisted of several agricultural fields grazed by horses (Photograph 1; Appendix 2) stretching out from the Perry Bridge Farm buildings to the east of the site (Photograph 4; Appendix 2). The buildings comprised a brick-built, tiled farmhouse (Target note 1; Appendix 3), corrugated open barns (Target note 2; Appendix 3) and wooden stables (Target note 3; Appendix 3). A ménage was situated to the south east of the stable buildings (Target note 4; Appendix 3). Hedgerows and timber post and rail fences formed the boundaries with the adjacent roads and between fields. Corrugated and breeze block cow sheds were situated close to Lower Church Road in the southern corner of the site (Target note 5; Appendix 3). A stream ran along the southern boundary of the site (Target note 6; Photograph 3).

6.2 Habitats

6.2.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 287: improved grassland, amenity grassland, intact hedge, defunct hedge and stream.

6.2.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.3 Improved grassland

6.3.1 The grassland in all the fields was heavily grazed and disturbed by horses. The grassland was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris) and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), with others occasionally encountered including dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata), daisy (Bellis perennis), white clover (Trifolium repens), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), greater

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 12 - plantain (Plantago major), yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata) (Photograph 1; Appendix 2). A patch of hairy sedge (Carex hirta) had established in the south western corner of the site (Target note 7; Appendix 3).

6.4 Amenity grassland

6.4.1 The two patches of amenity grassland to the east of the farm buildings were typical of garden lawns. The grassland was dominated by the common widespread perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) with the occasional patch of Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), field wood rush (Luzula campestris) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants within the sward included white clover (Trifolium repens), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), dove’s-foot crane’s-bill (Geranium molle) and hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium). A few crab apple (Malus sylvestris) and Leyland cypress trees (Cupressocyparis leylandii) were located in the grassland (Photograph 2; Appendix 2).

6.5 Intact hedge

6.5.1 The hedgerow that formed the site boundary with Lower Church Road and Ambarrow Lane supported a range of native woody species comprising of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), oak (Quercus robur), elm (Ulmus procera), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior). At the base of the hedgerow, the grasses had grown longer and several herbaceous plants typical of shady, damp conditions had established such as lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), common nettle (Urtica dioica), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), lords and ladies (Arum maculatum), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea) and dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis) (Target note 8; Appendix 3).

6.5.2 The hedgerow that formed the site boundary with Wokingham Road was predominantly hawthorn with the occasional mature oak tree (Quercus robur); some thickly covered in ivy (Hedera helix). Herbaceous plants such as ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), common nettle (Urtica dioica), wavy bittercress (Cardamine John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 01/07/2010

Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 13 - flexuosa) and great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) grew at the base of the hedgerow. Tufted vetch (Vicia cracca) and common vetch (Vicia sativa) were growing in dense patches on the field edges (Target note 9; Appendix 3).

6.5.3 A thick hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) hedgerow formed the boundary with the large residential plot to the north and had abundant competitive herbaceous species: common nettles (Urtica dioica), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) and cleavers (Galium aparine) growing at its base (Target note 10; Appendix 3).

6.6 Defunct hedgerow

6.6.1 The hedgerow running alongside the wet ditch and footpath running through the centre of the site was dominated by hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with the occasional oak tree (Quercus robur), elder (Sambucus nigra), silver birch (Betula pendula) and goat willow (Salix caprea). The wet ditch had marginal vegetation typical of damp conditions such as great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), wavy bitter-cress (Cardamine flexuosa) and hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) (Target note 11; Appendix 3).

6.7 Stream

6.7.1 A stream flowed from the north east to the south west through the centre of site 287 and site 30. Mature lime trees (Tilia x europeaus) line the northern edge of the stream with the occasional alder (Alnus glutinosa), elder (Sambucus nigra) and hazel (Corylus avellana). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the trees and were dominated by the invasive saplings of Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) with frequent patches of lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens), meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), daffodils (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) and bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta). The marginal vegetation included marsh marigold (Caltha palustris), remote sedge (Carex remota) and hemlock water dropwort (Conium maculatum) (Target note 6; Photograph 3).

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 14 - 6.8 Fauna

6.8.1 There were numerous rabbit burrows (Oryctolagus cuniculus) amongst the hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) hedgerow forming the boundary with the large residential plot to the north of the site (Target note 10; Appendix 3).

6.9 Site overview

6.9.1 Site 30 consisted of three large fields grazed by horses on north east and south east facing slopes. A small wooden stable with a corrugated roof was positioned in the southern corner of the site (Target note 12; Appendix 3) and wooden fences comprised the site boundaries.

6.10 Habitats

6.10.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 30: Poor semi-improved grassland and intact hedgerow.

6.10.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.11 Poor semi-improved grassland

6.11.1 The grassland in the three fields on site was heavily grazed by horses and rabbits. Perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) was abundant in the grassland but there was also frequent widespread grass species such as sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), field wood rush (Lazula campestris), red fescue (Festuca rubra) and crested dog’s tail (Cynosurus cristatus). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward such as cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea). Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense) was scattered throughout the fields. The occasional elder tree (Sambucus nigra) was scattered throughout the eastern field.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 15 - 6.12 Intact hedge

6.12.1 An intact hedgerow formed the south eastern, eastern, north eastern and part of the south western boundaries of the site. Some of the hedgerow had matured into trees and the species included beech (Fagus sylvatica), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and downy birch (Betula pubescens) (Target note 13; Appendix 3).

6.13 Trees

6.13.1 Along the wooden fence boundary between the two fields, there was a mature oak tree (Quercus robur) with several holes providing suitable opportunities for roosting bats and nesting birds (Target note 14; Appendix 3).

6.14 Fauna

6.14.1 Rabbit droppings and burrows (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were identified in the fields.

6.15 Remaining site overview

6.15.1 The Ambarrow Farm residential plot in the north western corner of the site covers approximately 3.9 hectares comprising of a collection of brick-built buildings with surrounding amenity grassland, scattered trees, a designated Traditional Orchard and an area of longer grassland alongside the wet ditch running through the plot.

6.15.2 Yonder residential plot and associated typical garden habitat covers approximately 1.1 hectares and lies immediately to the north of the wooden fence boundary of site 287 and to the east of Ambarrow Farm. The main habitats are improved grassland and amenity grassland.

6.15.3 Beyond the Yonder plot lies Ambarrow Wood, another residential plot surrounded by some amenity grassland and mixed woodland that forms the most northerly point of Broad Area 1 covering an area of approximately 4.3 hectares.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 16 - 6.15.4 The land directly south east of site 30 is a large residential plot, Ryefield, with predominantly amenity grassland and mature trees surrounding the property covering an area of approximately 2.2 hectares.

6.16 Existing data search

6.16.1 The Binfield Badger Group had no records of live or dead badgers within 1 kilometre of Broad Area 1.

6.16.2 The Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat Group search revealed a record of a brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus) (SU814623) 400 metres to the south west of the north western corner of site 287 and a brown long- eared roost in SU8263, the 1km square immediately north of site 287. Daubenton’s bat (Myotis daubentonii), noctule (Nyctalus noctula) and pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus sp.) have been recorded around Horseshoe Lake (SU816624), just 50 metres to the south of the north western corner of the survey area. There is a record of noctule (Nyctalus noctula) and pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus sp.) at Ambarrow Court LNR just across Wokingham Road to the east of site 287.

6.16.3 Data held by the Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre revealed a record of a spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata) in 2004 on the footpath that runs through site from Ambarrow Farm to Horseshoe Lake. The spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata) is a Priority Species under Section 41 of the Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 and on the Red List of the Birds of Conservation Concern. A whinchat (Saxicola rubetra) was also recorded in 2004 in the field to the west of the footpath and is on the Amber List of the Birds of Conservation Concern.

6.16.4 Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre search revealed a large number of records within 1 kilometre of the entire area surveyed. Within the 1 kilometre square in which the site lies, there are records of noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula), pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus sp.), slow worm (Anguis fragilis), common frog (Rana temporaria) and grass snake (Natrix natrix) – all Schedule 5 protected species. Two badger (Meles meles) sett entrances were recorded in Coalpit Copse in 2004, immediately north of Broad Area 1. There are two stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) records for Chelwood Drive, immediately to the east of the site.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 17 - 6.16.5 Moor Green Lakes to the south west of Broad Area 1 has records of numerous species; 11 species that are Local BAP species including the skylark (Alauda arvensis), kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) and barn owl (Tyto alba).

6.16.6 Within 1 kilometre of Broad Area 1, there are six Local Wildlife Sites (Ambarrow Court, Edgbarrow Woods, Grove Lake, woodland south of Lower Church Road, woodland at Beech Hill and Trilakes Country Park), one National Trust site (Ambarrow Hill), two ancient woodlands (Fishers Copse and Coalpit Copse) and a Site of Special Scientific Interest (Wellington College Bog).

6.16.7 Ambarrow Court immediately to the east of site 287 is dominated by ancient woodland, hazel and birch coppice, and other habitats include marsh, ponds and a meadow. Edgbarrow Woods is directly connected to the Ambarrow Court LNR and habitats on the site comprise woodland, grassland and heathland. Grove Lake is one of the lakes on the Moor Green Lakes Nature Reserve which have nationally rare plants and is of local importance for wintering wildfowl.

6.16.8 Ambarrow Hill – immediately to the east of Broad Area 1 - was originally a plantation that has now matured and thinned resulting in open mixed woodland with a non-native and invasive understorey of rhododendron and laurel. Wellington College Bog – covering an area of 6.2 hectares - comprises a valley bog or mire, with associated areas of wet heath and marsh grading into dry heath and secondary woodland. The Blackwater River Corridor runs just south and south west of the Broad Area.

6.16.9 A Traditional Orchard – Berkshire Priority Habitat – has been designated at Ambarrow Farm, a site within Broad Area 1.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 18 - 7 DISCUSSION

7.1 Assessment of existing ecological value

Grassland

7.1.1 The most abundant habitat types encountered within Broad Area 1 were improved grassland and poor semi-improved horse-grazed grassland, with smaller areas of amenity grassland around the residential properties. The swards were dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance typical of agriculturally improved grasslands and as such were considered to be of no special ecological value. Furthermore, the grasslands had uniformly short swards offering no foraging or sheltering opportunities for fauna of conservation importance that may be associated with grassland habitats such as reptiles, amphibians, small mammals and invertebrates for example.

7.1.2 The grassland at Ambarrow Farm adjacent to the grazed fields of site 287 was less uniform and wetter, having been allowed to grown tussocky greater potential to support key faunal groups such as invertebrates, small mammals, reptiles and amphibians for example and therefore maybe of some local ecological value.

7.1.3 The improved grassland on site 287 and 30 is just north east of a large expanse of connecting lakes and Blackwater River and could be used at certain times of the year for foraging by wildlfowl associated with these wetland habitats.

Linear habitat features – hedgerows & watercourses

7.1.4 The thick hedgerows supporting a range of native woody species, and the associated mature trees, are considered to be of local ecological value as they provide a wildlife corridor for key faunal groups such as birds, bats, reptiles, amphibians and small mammals and are likely to act as a focus for bioiversity offering foraging, shelter and breeding opportunties for a range of key national and local conservation priority species as follows:

7.1.5 Bases of hedgerows offer potential hibernation sites for reptiles, hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius). There are John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 01/07/2010

Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 19 - exsiting records of grass snakes (Natrix natrix) in the Blackwater River corridor approximately 300 metres to the south west and records of slow worms at Ambarrow Court immediately to the west.

7.1.6 Hedgerows provide valuable foraging habitats for bats – European Protected Species - with the occasional mature oak tree on site offering potential crevices for roosting bats. Two records of noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) – a species typically utilising trees as roosting sites - have been identified feeding at Horseshoe Lake and there is a record of this species from Ambarrow Court. Furthermore, the hedgerows are likely to act as commuting routes for bats, linking the foraging opportunities of the wetland habitats to the south with those of woodland habitats to the north.

7.1.7 Amphibians such as the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) – a European Protected Species - may use the features as corridors to suitable breeding ponds and hibernation sites. The site supports no waterbodies suitable for breeding amphibians and the density of waterboides within a 500 metres radius of the site likely to be suitable for the species, as indicated by mapping, seems to be low and therefore the importance of the survey area for great crested newts is likely to be low also; however a small number of potential ponds are shown and therefore further survey would be necessary to establish their presence or absence and full establish the importance of the survey area (refer to Section 8).

7.1.8 Priority bird species such as the bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) and other song birds, use thick hedgerows like those within the Broad Area for feeding and nesting. Records of bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) dating from 2005 identify them using Horseshoe Lake immediately to the south west of Broad Area 1. Barn owls (Tyto alba) – protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 – will use the longer grass established at the edge of fields and hedgerows for hunting small mammals, and the mature trees in the hedgerows as perches and possible nesting opportunities. There are barn owl (Tyto alba) records up until 2007 at Moor Green Lakes to the south west of Broad Area 1 and hobby records up until 2005 at Moor Green Lakes and Colebrook Lakes.

7.1.9 The native hedgerow shrubs and trees will act as a valuable foraging and breeding resource for several invertebrate species including local and John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 01/07/2010

Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 20 - national priorities such as the stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) for example. In the turn the range of invertebrates associated with woody species will attract insectivorous groups such as birds, bats, reptiles and amphibians for example.

7.1.10 The stream flowing from Ambarrow Court and Edgbarrow Woods (both Local Wildlife Sites) in the north east through the site to the Blackwater River corridor to the south west is likely to act as a locally valuable resource for aquatic plants and fauna, particularly invertebrates, and as a vegetated wildlife corridor, linking woodland habitats to the north with open and wetland habitats to the south. The stream could potentially be used by locally and nationally important species - water vole (Arvicola amphibius), either providing burrowing areas or feeding site as they can travel for up to 1 kilometre to feed.

Buildings

7.1.11 The farm buildings within site 287 may provide places suitable for nesting birds and roosting bats. Farmland habitats are rich in invertebrates and therefore favoured as roosting sites for bats and any crevices in the buildings can potentially be used by roosting bats and/or nesting birds. Further surveys would be required to establish the value of the buildings for these groups.

Woodland

7.1.12 Ambarrow Wood at the northern end of Broad Area 1 offers potential foraging and roosting habitat for bats, foraging and nesting habitat for birds such as the green woodpecker (Picus viridis) and the rotting dead wood and tree bases in woodlands are favoured by stag beetles (Lucanus cervus) amongst a range of other invertebrate species. Ambarrow Wood is sandwiched between Coalpit Copse to the west and Ambarrow Hill to the west and therefore forms a component of larger expanses of woodland. Badger (Meles meles) activity was recorded in Coalpit Copse and therefore the woodland and neighbouring fields in Broad Area 1 could be used for foraging and potential sites for further badger sett entrances.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 21 - Orchards

7.1.13 Traditional Orchards have been designated as a UK BAP Habitat since 2007 and the orchard at Ambarrow Farm has been designated as a Traditional Orchard. Traditional orchards provide food, shelter and potential breeding sites for numerous invertebrates, bats, birds and small mammals.

Invasive species

7.1.14 Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) was found growing as a thick carpet alongside the stream in the Broad Area. It is an invasive non-native plant that rapidly colonises watercourses and suppresses the growth of native marginal vegetation and is likely to restrict the diversity of streamside vegetation.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 22 - 8 RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Phase 2 ecological survey

8.1.1 The hedgerows on site 287 and site 30 and the long grassland habitats at Ambarrow Farm have the potential to support reptiles. A survey for the presence of reptiles should be carried out and should comprise a minimum of seven survey visits to check artificial refugia set out on the site in advance; surveys can be carried out in suitable conditions between March and October, but are most profitable when carried out in April, May and September (Froglife 1999).

8.1.2 A survey of all ponds within 500 metres of the Broad Area for great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) should be carried out to establish the importance of the site for the species. Further survey should follow standard survey guidelines i.e. four survey visits to each pond suitable for great crested newts, as assessed using the Great Crested Newt Habitat Suitability Index, between mid March and mid June with at least two carried out between mid April and mid May (English Nature 2001).

8.1.3 A water vole (Arvicola amphibius) survey of the stream is required and this should involve a visual assessment of the stream for water vole signs such as feeding signs, burrows, droppings, latrines, footprints, grazing lawns, runways and direct sightings. The survey should also encompass a section of the stream in Ambarrow Court LNR as water voles do have territories that can stretch between 30 and 100 metres for females and even further for males.

8.1.4 Badger (Meles meles) activity has previously been recorded in Coalpit Copse. The surrounding woodlands (Ambarrow Hill and Ambarrow Court) and Ambarrow Wood to the north of Broad Area 1 also have the potential to support badgers and therefore a survey to identify and accurately plot the location of badger sett entrances in relation to Broad Area 1 should be undertaken during the peak period of badger activity i.e. from March to October to monitor use.

8.1.5 A detailed daylight inspection survey of the buildings in Broad Area 1 and the mature trees in the hedgerows and fields is required to assess fully their

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 23 - potential to support roosting bats. If features of potential for roosting bats are recorded, further survey to confirm the presence or absence of bats should take place consisting of evening emergence surveys supported by dawn re-entry surveys carried out with the aid of bat detectors. Emergence surveys should be carried out between May and September. A bat activity survey of the linear features in Broad Area 1 and the Ambarrow Wood should be undertaken to determine the use of the land by bats and the location of the key bat commuting routes and foraging areas and to establish the species utilising the site.

8.1.6 A breeding bird survey of the habitats within Broad Area 1 should be undertaken to determine the bird species using the sites and the importance of the habitats. The survey should be based on the methods of the British Trust for Ornithology’s Common Bird Census. A survey for the presence of nesting birds within the farm and residential buildings should be carried out also.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 24 - 9 REFERENCES

Bat Conservation Trust (2007). Bat Surveys – Good Practice Guidelines. Bat Conservation Trust, London.

Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (2004). Information sheet 3: Himalayan Balsam. CEH, Wallingford.

Gent, T. & Gibson, S. (2003). Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual. JNCC, Peterborough.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) (2007). Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey – A technique for environmental audit. JNCC, Peterborough.

Langton, T. E. S., Beckett, C. L. & Foster, J.P. (2001). Great crested newt conservation handbook. Froglife, Halesworth.

Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & McLeish, A. P. (2004). Bat Workers’ Manual (3RD Edition). JNCC, Peterborough.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 25 - APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 26 -

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

1. The fields of improved grassland grazed by 2. The crab apple trees and amenity grassland horses. to the east of the farm buildings.

3. The stream running through the centre of 4. The farm buildings at Perry Bridge Farm. Broad Area 1 and along the southern boundary of site 287.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 27 -

APPENDIX 3 TARGET NOTES Comments 1 Brick-built farmhouse. 2 Corrugated open barns. 3 Wooden stables (Photograph 4). 4 Ménage. 5 Corrugated and breezeblock cow sheds. 6 Stream flowing from the north east to the south west through the centre of site 287 and site 30. Mature lime trees line the northern edge of the stream with the occasional alder (Alnus glutinosa), elder (Sambucus nigra) and hazel (Corylus avellana). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the trees and were dominated by the saplings of Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) with frequent patches of lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens), meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), daffodils (Narcissus pseudo narcissus) and bluebells (Hyacinthoides non- scripta). The marginal vegetation included marsh marigold (Caltha palustris), remote sedge (Carex remota) and hemlock water (Conium maculatum) (Photograph 3; Appendix 2). 7 Patch of hairy sedge (Carex hirta). 8 Intact native hedgerow comprising of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), oak (Quercus robur), elm (Ulmus procera), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior). At the base of the hedgerow grasses had grown long and several herbaceous plants typical of shady, damp conditions had established such as lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), common nettle (Urtica dioica), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), lords and ladies (Arum maculatum), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), lesser stitchwort (Stellaria graminea) and dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis). 9 Intact native hedgerow predominantly hawthorn with the occasional mature oak tree (Quercus robur); some thickly covered in ivy (Hedera helix). Herbaceous plants such as ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), common nettle (Urtica dioica), wavy bitter-cress (Cardamine flexuosa) and great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) grew at the base of the hedgerow. Tufted vetch (Vicia cracca) and common vetch (Vicia sativa) were growing in dense patches on the field edges. 10 Native thick hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) hedgerow with common nettles (Urtica dioica), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) and cleavers (Galium aparine) established at the base. 11 Hedgerow running alongside the wet ditch and footpath dominated by hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with the occasional oak tree (Quercus robur), elder (Sambucus nigra), silver birch (Betula pendula) and goat willow (Salix caprea). The wet ditch had marginal vegetation typical of damp conditions such as great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), wavy bitter-cress (Cardamine flexuosa) and hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium). 12 Small wooden stables. 13 Intact native hedgerow partly matured into trees with species including beech (Fagus sylvatica), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and downy birch (Betula pubescens). 14 Mature oak tree (Quercus robur) with several holes providing suitable opportunities for roosting bats.

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 28 -

APPENDIX 4 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY Plant common name Scientific name Alder Alnus glutinosa Annual meadow grass Poa annua Ash Fraxinus excelsior Beech Fagus sylvatica Blackthorn Prunus spinosa Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Cat’s-ear Hypochaeris radicata Cleavers Galium aparine Cock’s-foot Dactylis glomerata Common mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum Common nettle Urtica dioica Common ragwort Senecio jacobaea Common sorrel Rumex acetosa Common vetch Vicia sativa Cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris Crab apple Malus sylvestris Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense Crested dog’s tail Cynosurus cristatus Daffodil Narcissus pseudo narcissus Daisy Bellis perennis Dandelion Taraxacum officinale agg. Dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis Dove’s-foot crane’s-bill Geranium molle Downy birch Betula pubescens Elder Sambucus nigra English elm Ulmus procera Field horsetail Equisetum arvense Field wood rush Luzula campestris Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Goat willow Salix caprea Great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum Greater plantain Plantago major Greater stitchwort Stellaria holostea Green alkanet Pentaglottis sempervirens Ground elder Aegopodium podagraria Ground ivy Glechoma hederacea Hairy sedge Carex hirta Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Hazel Corylus avellana Hemlock water Conium maculatum Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium Holly Ilex aquifolium Ivy Hedera helix Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria Leyland cypress Cupressocyparis leylandii Lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum Marsh marigold Caltha palustris Meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris Meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria Pedunculate oak Quercus robur Perennial rye grass Lolium perenne Red dead-nettle Lamium purpureum Red fescue Festuca rubra Remote sedge Carex remota Ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata Silver birch Betula pendula Silverweed Potentilla anserine John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 01/07/2010

Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 29 - Smooth meadow grass Poa pratensis Sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Tufted vetch Vicia cracca Wavy bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa White clover Trifolium repens Yarrow Achillea millefolium Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus

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Broad Area 1, SW Sandhurst - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 30 -

Phase 1 Ecological Survey

Site Allocation Development Plan Document Bracknell Forest Borough Council

Broad Area 3: SHLAA Sites within North East Crowthorne

June 2010

100 New Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, Berkshire, RG45 6JP Telephone/Fax: 01344 780785 Mobile: 07979 403099 E-mail: [email protected] www.wenman-ecology.co.uk

1 SUMMARY...... 3

2 INTRODUCTION...... 5

3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES ...... 7

4 POLICY BACKGROUND ...... 11

5 SURVEY METHOD ...... 12

6 SURVEY FINDINGS...... 13

7 DISCUSSION ...... 21

8 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 24

9 REFERENCES...... 26

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN...... 27

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 28

APPENDIX 3 TARGET NOTES ...... 33

APPENDIX 4 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY ...... 35

1 SUMMARY

1.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy Company LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council a phase 1 ecological survey of the land within the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites and adjoining land within the northern section Broad Area 3 of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document.

1.1.2 The survey site covers a total area of 28.4 hectares in north east Crowthorne, Berkshire. The Broad Area largely comprised of woodland, dry heath, lichen/bryophyte heath and poor semi-improved grassland. The site is not designated for its wildlife interest and the only records of legally protected or notable species held for the site by the Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre are two records of dead badgers (Meles meles) on Nine Mile Ride between the northern and southern section of the Broad Area.

1.1.3 The small area of dry heath on site 130 is an example of the lowland heathland – a UK and Bracknell Forest Biodiversity Action Plan priority habitat, but owing to its limited extent and uniform structure, the site is considered to be of ecological value locally at a district level only. The habitat offers potential terrestrial habitat for conservation priority faunal groups, particularly reptiles, and therefore a reptile survey of this area is recommended.

1.1.4 The ponds and wet ditch are considered to be of site level ecological value, diversifying the woodland habitats offering habitat for groups such as invertebrates and in conjunction with the surrounding woodland offering potential commuting/breeding habitat for amphibians including great crested newts (Triturus cristatus); a survey of all the ponds within a 500 metre radius of the Broad Area boundary is recommended to confirm the presence or absence of great crested newts.

1.1.5 The woodland within the survey area is secondary birch-dominated woodland or former Scot’s pine plantation of no special ecological value; however it is likely to offer habitat of some value to key groups such as birds and bats for example. The woodland at site 130 has evidence of badgers (Meles meles) and several badger sett entrances have been recorded on John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 3 - site 130. A badger survey is recommended of the woodland on site and adjacent woodland areas.

1.1.6 The buildings and trees on site offer some bat roost potential and therefore bat surveys of these features are recommended. Also a bat activity survey is recommended to determine the value of the site to bats.

1.1.7 A breeding bird survey of the site, including an inspection of the buildings for the presence of nesting birds is recommended.

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 4 - 2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Background

2.1.2 The survey was commissioned in connection with the preparation of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document for Bracknell Forest Borough.

2.2 Site location and context

2.2.1 Site 130 covers an area of approximately 22.9 hectares between West Road to the north, Nine Mile Ride to the south and Old Wokingham Road to the west in north east Crowthorne (OS grid reference SU843662). The site, called The Hideout, is located immediately to the west of the Meteorological Office Experimental Site, north of the Transport Research Laboratory, east of Pinewood Caravan Park and Pinewood Leisure Centre and south of Downshire Golf Complex.

2.2.2 Site 43 covers an area of approximately 1.9 hectares to the west of Old Wokingham Road in north east Crowthorne (OS grid reference SU841662). The site – poor semi-improved grassland and the Sewage Treatment Works - is located immediately to the west and north of land at The Hideout, south of residential properties also within Broad Area 3 and east of Old Wokingham Road and commercial properties beyond.

2.2.3 There are both man-made drains and natural drains on The Hideout site. These natural watercourses, mainly in the northern woodland link to further drains in the surrounding area of Crowthorne.

2.2.4 The remainder of the site comprises residential plots with associated gardens to the north of Easthampstead Sewage Treatment Works. The Transport Research Laboratory site was assessed separately.

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 5 - 2.3 Report format

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 6 - 3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES

3.1 Amphibians

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a great crested newt;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a great crested newt;

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a great crested newt;

3.2 Bats

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a bat;

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 7 - • Deliberately, intentionally or recklessly disturb bats; in particular any disturbance which is likely to impair the ability of bats to survive, breed or reproduce or nurture their young; or in the case of hibernating or migrating bats, to hibernate or migrate; or to affect significantly the local distribution or abundance of the species;

• Deliberately kill, injure or take any bat.

3.3 Badgers

3.4 Birds

3.4.2 Rarer bird species, such as the barn owl and kingfisher, are listed on Schedule 1 of the Act, which makes it an offence to disturb the birds whilst nesting also.

3.5 Dormice

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a dormouse;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a dormouse;

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 8 - • Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a dormouse;

3.6 Reptiles

3.6.1 The four widespread reptiles most likely to be encountered (Adder, grass snake, slow worm and viviparous lizard) are protected under the Wildlife &

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 9 - Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The Act makes it an offence to intentionally kill, injure, possess or sell any of the species.

3.7 Water voles

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 10 - 4 POLICY BACKGROUND

4.1 National planning policy

4.2 Local wildlife and planning policy

4.2.4 Sites of importance for wildlife in Berkshire are referred to as Local Wildlife Sites (LWS). Designated LWS are assessed against set criteria agreed by the Berkshire Nature Conservation Forum.

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 11 - 5 SURVEY METHOD

5.1.1 A walkover survey of site 130 was undertaken on 19th April and 20th May and the survey of site 43 was undertaken on the 20th April 2010. During the survey the habitats present were noted and plotted on a site plan (Appendix 1) using definitions based on the standard phase 1 ecological survey definitions (JNCC 2007). Key features of the site were photographed (Appendix 2) and plotted on the site plan using target notes (Appendix 3).

5.1.3 The habitats of those sites within the north section of Broad Area 3 without access to undertake a walkover survey: residential properties in the north western corner, were identified using aerial photography on Google Earth and Ordnance Survey mapping. It must be noted that these areas have only brief and general habitat descriptions denoted from aerial photography that is not accurate and a walkover survey of these areas is recommended.

5.2 Biological records search

5.2.1 The Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre, Binfield Badger Group and Berkshire Bat group were commissioned to undertake a search of the data held on protected and notable species within 1km of the Broad Area boundary.

5.3 Survey constraints

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 12 - 6 SURVEY FINDINGS

6.1 Site overview

6.1.1 Site 130 consisted of areas of poor semi-improved grassland, broad-leaved woodland, mixed woodland, dry dwarf shrub heath, lichen/bryophyte heath and tall ruderal vegetation. The buildings comprised a restaurant with rendered walls, a tiled roof and corrugated extension (Target note 1; Photograph 1), a corrugated open barn (Target note 2; Photograph 2) and static caravans. Wooden and wire fences formed the boundaries with the adjacent roads and other plots of land. A track through the woodland formed the boundary in the south eastern corner with adjacent Ministry of Defence land that comprised of a coniferous plantation woodland (Photograph 3; Appendix 2).

6.2 Habitats

6.2.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 130: poor semi-improved grassland, tall ruderal vegetation, broad-leaved woodland, mixed woodland, lichen/bryophyte heath, dry dwarf shrub heath and wet ditches/drains.

6.2.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.3 Poor semi-improved grassland

6.3.1 The grassland immediately surrounding the buildings on site were heavily grazed by rabbits and mown very short (Target note 3; Photographs 4 & 5). The grassland was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) with occasional widespread grasses such as red fescue (Festuca rubra) and species such as field wood rush (Luzula campestris). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward such as common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum) common dog- violet (Viola riviniana), wavy bitter-cress (Cardamine flexuosa), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), germander speedwell (Veronica chameadrys) and broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius). In patches more hardy vegetation had established such as creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), spear thistle

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 13 - (Cirsium vulgare), bristly oxtongue (Picris echioides), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and common nettle (Urtica dioica).

6.3.2 Poor semi-improved grassland had established close to the Pinewood Caravan Park to the east of the site under the telegraph poles (Target note 4). This grassland had a greater diversity of herbaceous plants within the sward and was less heavily managed with species such as thyme-leaved speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia), perforate St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens) and lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis).

6.4 Tall ruderal vegetation

6.4.1 Three large mounds of earth were located on the grassland to the west of the buildings (Photograph 6); one on the grassland south of the buildings and a few smaller mounds amongst the lichen/bryophyte heath. These earth mounds were dominated by common nettle (Urtica dioica), bracken and bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.).

6.5 Broad-leaved woodland

6.5.1 The broad-leaved woodland to the north west of the site was dominated by silver birch (Betula pendula) with frequent oak (Quercus robur) and sweet chestnut trees (Castanea sativa) (Photograph 7; Target note 5). The understorey had abundant elder (Sambucus nigra), rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum), honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) and bracken. In the narrow section just south of West Road, the holly bushes (Ilex aquifolium) were thicker and ivy (Hedera helix) covered the floor.

6.5.2 In open patches within the woodland, wood forget-me-not (Myosotis sylvatica) grew abundantly, and common field speedwell (Veronica persica), bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), and broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) were frequent.

6.5.3 The eastern boundary had scattered silver birch (Betula pendula) and oak (Quercus robur) trees and the occasional Norway maple tree (Acer platanoides). Small patches of elder (Sambucus nigra), rhododendron bushes (Rhododendron ponticum) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) persisted amongst the trees (Photograph 8; Target note 6).

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 14 - 6.5.4 The majority of broadleaved woodland in the southern half of site 130 comprised large stands of silver birch (Betula pendula) and downy birch trees (Betula pubescens). These patches of secondary woodland had established in areas of cleared pine plantation. There had been some clearing of the silver birch (Betula pendula) woodland giving rise to patches of damper grassland and heath with areas of abundant soft rush (Juncus effusus) close to the northern boundary with site 43 (Photograph 9; Target note 7).

6.5.5 A broadleaved area on the eastern side of the Pinewood Caravan Park consisted mainly of oak (Quercus robur) and silver birch (Betula pendula). Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) and wood avens (Geum urbanum) are examples of herbaceous plants that had established on the woodland floor (Target note 8).

6.6 Mixed woodland

6.6.1 Mixed woodland extended along the fence boundary with the sewage treatment works (site 43). The woodland on the whole had an equal distribution of silver birch (Betula pendula) and Scot’s pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) with some areas where the Scot’s pine was more abundant. The understorey comprised of bracken, bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.), honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) and the occasional patch of cleavers (Galium aparine) and common nettle (Urtica dioica) (Photograph 10; Target note 9).

6.7 Lichen/bryophyte heath

6.7.1 A large patch of cleared woodland had allowed bryophytes to dominate the area with the occasional patches of bracken. Rushes and grasses adapted to acidic soils such as dense-headed heath wood-rush (Luzula multiflora) and heath rush (Juncus squarrosus) were amongst the sward (Photograph 11; Target note 10).

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 15 - 6.8 Dry dwarf shrub heath

6.8.1 Dry dwarf heath dominated by short heather (Calluna vulgaris) covered the centre of the site. The acidic soil had grasses, sedges and rushes suited to the dry and open habitat such as dense-headed heath wood-rush (Luzula multiflora), sheep’s fescue (Festuca ovina agg.), heath rush (Juncus squarrosus), pill sedge (Carex pilulifera), common bent (Agrostis tenuis) and purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea). The occasional herbaceous plant had established such as changing forget-me-not (Myosotis discolor), thyme-leaved speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia) and common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum) (Photograph 12; Target note 11).

6.8.2 Amongst the cleared woodland patches in the western half of the site, patches of both poor semi-improved grassland and dry heath dominated by heather (Calluna vulgaris) had established.

6.9 Wet ditches/drains

6.9.1 The drain from the woodland in the north western corner extended into the grassland to the north west of the buildings and linked to a pond in the middle of the open grassland (Photograph 13; Target note 12); this pond had virtually dried-out by the second survey visit in May.

6.9.2 Several drainage ditches had been created in the southern half of site 130 (Photograph 14; Target note 13).

6.9.3 A drain ran into a pond on the eastern boundary of the site. This pond was shaded by the trees and had no emergent or submerged vegetation growing (Photograph 15; Target note 14).

6.10 Fauna

6.10.1 Mammal burrows were found throughout the site, particularly in the woodland. There was a potential badger (Meles meles) sett on site located amongst the narrow strip of trees on the eastern boundary close to the elder (Sambucus nigra) (Photograph 16; Target note 15). Throughout the woodland in the north western corner of the site there were numerous entrances typical of a badger (Meles meles) sett entrances (Photographs 17 & 18; Target note 16). The mixed woodland just north of the MOD site

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 16 - and the small patch of silver birch (Betula pendula) and Scot’s pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) had 2-3 mammal entrances, possibly badger (Meles meles) sett entrances (Photograph 19; Target note 17).

6.10.2 On the mounds fronting the mixed woodland just east of the sewage works there was a few rabbit holes (Oryctolagus cuniculus) facing into the woodland (Photograph 20; Target note 18). The earth mounds in the grassland to the north west of the restaurant building had numerous rabbit holes (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with fresh diggings and well-used paths joining each entrance (Photograph 21; Target note 19). The small patch of silver birch trees (Betula pendula) south of the driveway had several rabbit holes (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and there were piles of rabbit droppings in the entrances.

6.10.3 A light grey pellet with small mammal remains typical of a kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) was found in the woodland to the north west of the site (Photograph 22; Target note 20).

6.10.4 A rotting sweet chestnut tree (Castanea sativa) in the north western woodland and the rotten oak trees (Quercus robur) in the mixed woodland just north of the MOD site contained woodpecker holes.

6.11 Site overview

6.11.1 Site 43 consisted of poor semi-improved grassland and mixed woodland along the northern edge of the site. The buildings on site were part of the sewage treatment works and there was a small brick-built office with a bitumen flat-roof and tight uPVC barge boards (Photograph 23; Target note 21). A wire fence formed the entire site boundary.

6.12 Habitats

6.12.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 43: poor semi-improved grassland, mixed woodland and a wet ditch.

6.12.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 17 - 6.13 Poor semi-improved grassland

6.13.1 The grassland at the sewage treatment works was mown short close to the buildings and was also grazed by rabbits. Perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), red fescue (Festuca rubra) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) were abundant in the grassland with the occasional patch of field wood rush (Luzula campestris). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward such as yarrow (Achillea millefolium), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), dove’s-foot crane’s-bill (Geranium molle) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) (Photograph 24; Target note 22). Patches of common nettle (Urtica dioica), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) and broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) were found close to the grassland edges.

6.14 Mixed woodland

6.14.1 The mixed woodland had frequent Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) and downy birch trees (Betula pubescens) with the occasional silver birch (Betula pendula), alder (Alnus glutinosa), elder (Sambucus nigra) and beech tree (Fagus sylvatica). The understorey comprised of holly (Ilex aquifolium) and rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) which had grown thickly along the northern boundary of the site. Other woodland and herbaceous plants had established such as bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), snowdrops (Galanthus nivalis), lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum) and creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans). Cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis), white dead-nettle (Lamium album), bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and common nettle (Urtica dioica) were growing along the woodland edge (Photograph 25; Target note 23).

6.15 Trees

6.15.1 A stand of downy birch trees (Betula pubescens) was present on the northern boundary (Photograph 26; Target note 24).

6.16 Wet ditch/drain

6.16.1 A wet ditch/drain ran along the northern boundary in the woodland. A large goat willow tree (Salix caprea) was growing close to the ditch in the north western corner (Photograph 27).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 18 - 6.17 Fauna

6.17.1 Rabbit droppings (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and mammal diggings typical of rabbits and deer were found in the grassland. Three mammal entrances likely to be used by rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were found in the woodland to the north of the site (Photograph 28; Target note 25). There was a hole in the fence in the south eastern corner and a mammal run into site 130 (Target note 26).

6.18 Remaining site overview

6.18.1 The sites in the north western corner of the site cover approximately 3.6 hectares comprising of brick-built buildings including Seven Acre Farm with surrounding amenity grassland and woodland.

6.19 Existing data search

6.19.1 The Binfield Badger Group had two records of dead badgers (Meles meles) both on Nine Mile Ride between the north and south sections of Broad Area 3, one from 1993 and one from 2002.

6.19.2 The Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat Group search revealed a pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus sp.) record at OS grid reference SU836656, approximately 600 metres to the west of site 130. A soprano pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus pygmaeus) was recorded at OS grid reference SU850664, approximately 450 metres to the east of site 130. There was a pipistrelle (Pipistrellus sp.) record just under 1 kilometre from the southern section, a noctule (Nyctalus noctula) and Daubenton’s bat (Myotis daubentonii) record approximately 1500 metres south west from the southern section and a brown long-eared (Plecotus auritus) roost in the 1 kilometre square to the south east of the southern section.

6.19.3 Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre search revealed a record of the plant, petty whin (Genista anglica), a silver studded-blue butterfly (Plebejus argus), a cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae) and a green woodpecker (Picus viridus) in the Beaufort Conservation Area in 1994. There is a record of a hobby (Falco subuteo) from 2005, and kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) at Downshire Golf Course immediately north of site 130,and within the SU8466 1 kilometre square that the site is located - both birds are

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 19 - Bracknell Local Biodiversity Action Plan Species and listed on Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981.

6.19.4 Common and soprano pipistrelles (Pipistrellus sp.) have been recorded at Pinewood Leisure Centre immediately to the west of Broad Area 3 in 2001. A record is held of a dead slow-worm (Anguis fragilis) located at SU845658, only 200 metres from the south of site 130.

6.19.5 Within 1 kilometre of Broad Area 3, there are two Sites of Special Scientific Interest (Heath Lake and Broadmoor to Bagshot Woods and Heaths) and Thames Basin Heaths - a Special Protection Area.

6.19.6 Heath Lake nature reserve is 1 kilometre to the south east of the northern section of Broad Area 3. The site consists of a shallow lake, surrounded by birch and pine woodland with areas of relict heathland; of particular interest on the site are populations of some uncommon and rare aquatic plant species.

6.19.7 Broadmoor to Bagshot Woods and Heaths lies immediately adjacent to the southern section of Broad Area 3, just over 900 metres from the northern section. The site is an extensive mosaic of broadleaved woodland, coniferous plantation, dry and wet heathland, valley mire, and a series of base-poor ponds. In particular, the heathland and coniferous plantation supports internationally important populations of woodlark, nightjar and Dartford warbler, and have a nationally important dragonfly and damselfly population.

6.19.8 Broadmoor to Bagshot Woods and Heaths includes land that is designated as a Special Protection Area under the Directive 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Nightjar, woodlark and Dartford warbler are listed on Annex I of the Directive, are listed in Schedule I of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended) and are priority species in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. The lowland heathland on site is a priority habitat in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 20 - 7 DISCUSSION

7.1 Assessment of existing ecological value

Woodland

7.1.1 The most abundant habitat types encountered within Broad Area 3 were mixed, broad-leaved and coniferous patches of woodland. The woodlands were primarily former Scot’s pine plantation with areas of secondary growth in clearings where birch trees were abundant. Such habitats are widespread on the sandy soils in the southern areas of Bracknell Forest and are of no special conservation importance being of relatively uniform structure and species poor. However, the woodlands have some ecological value, particularly in areas where there is a greater diversity of habitat with sheltered open areas amongst denser woodland patches, which offer good foraging habitat and possibble roosting sites for bats, good foraging and nesting habitat for birds such as the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major) and the rotting dead wood and tree bases in woodlands are favoured by invertebrates such as stag beetles (Lucanus cervus) and fungi. The woodland on site is connected to further expanses of woodland to the east and to the west across Old Wokingham Road enhancing its overall value.

7.1.2 The woodland is used by badgers with evidence of several possible sett entrances and records of dead badgers on Nine Mile Ride; the southern boundary of the site.

Grassland and heathland

7.1.3 The small areas of dry heathland within Site 130 were examples of dry lowland heathland – a UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority habitat and therefore are some conservation importance. The heathland was limited in extent having established in cleared areas otherwise dominated by plantation and secondary woodland, and had a uniform structure with regular mowing keeping the heather plants short, which may favour species typical of open heathland habitats such as invertebrates for example, but would restrict the value of the overall ecological value of the heathland. As such, the heathland was considered to be of local ecological value at the

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 21 - district level in its current condition, but with potential for its value to be enhanced through the expansion of the heathland into the adjacent woodland and with changes in management.

7.1.4 The areas of poor semi-improved grassland heavily grazed by rabbits and deer were dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance typical of frequently managed grasslands. The grassland had a uniformly short sward offering no foraging or sheltering opportunities for fauna of conservation importance that can be associated with grassland such as reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. The acidic grassland amongst the heathland habitat to the south of site 130 was less uniform and supported species typical of acidic soils with patches of tall ruderal vegetation, and was considered to be of local ecological value as a component of the site’s heathland habitats.

7.1.5 The heathland and acid grassland habitats on site 130 have potential for reptiles such as the adder (Vipera berus) and common lizard (Lacerta vivipara). In some places the grassland was wetter; a habitat favoured by grass snakes.

Watercourses and ponds

7.1.6 The watercourses and ponds are considered to be of some ecological value at the site level. The ditches diversify the woodland habitats providing opportunities suitable for species such as invertebrates and amphibians such as the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) – a European Protected Species – which may use the wet ditches hibernation sites and as corridors to suitable breeding ponds such as the two ponds on site.

Buildings

7.1.7 The restaurant building on site 130 and the buildings in the north western corner of Broad Area 3 may have nesting bird and bat potential. The surrounding woodland, heathland and pond habitats are rich in invertebrates and therefore favoured as roosting sites for bats and any crevices in the buildings can potentially be used by roosting bats and/or nesting birds.

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 22 - Invasive species

7.1.8 Rhododendron - an invasive non-native plant that rapidly colonises woodlands and suppresses the growth of native woodland vegetation - is growing thickly in places in the woodland on sites 130 and 43.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 23 - 8 RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Phase 2 ecological survey

8.1.1 The heathland and acidic grassland habitats on site 130 have the potential to support reptiles. A survey for the presence of reptiles should be carried out and should comprise a minimum of seven survey visits to check artificial refugia set out on the site in advance; surveys can be carried out in suitable conditions between March and October, but are most profitable when carried out in April, May and September (Froglife 1999).

8.1.2 A survey of the two ponds on site 130 and all those within 500 metres of the Broad Area for great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) should be carried out to establish if the species is present, and if so to establish the importance of the site for the species. From Ordnance Survey mapping there are six potential breeding ponds in the 500 metre radius including the two ponds on site and one pond at the Transport Research Laboratory in the rest of Broad Area 3. The wet ditches and woodland habitats are considered to be suitable habitat for great crested newts, and newts are known to range within at least a 500m radius from their ponds. Further survey should be undertaken for this species following standard survey guidelines i.e. four survey visits to each pond between mid March and mid June with at least two carried out between mid April and mid May (English Nature 2001).

8.1.3 Badger (Meles meles) activity has been found in the Broad Area. The connecting woodlands to the east and to the west at Pine Wood Leisure Centre also have the potential to support badgers and therefore a survey to identify and accurately plot the location of badger sett entrances in relation to Broad Area 3 should be undertaken during the peak period of badger activity i.e. from March onwards to monitor use.

8.1.4 A daylight survey of the buildings in Broad Area 3 and the mature trees in the woodlands is required to assess fully their potential to support roosting bats. If features of potential for roosting bats are recorded, further survey to confirm the presence or absence of bats should take place consisting of evening emergence surveys supported by dawn re-entry surveys carried out with the aid of bat detectors. Emergence surveys should be carried out between May and September. A bat activity survey of the woodland in

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 24 - Broad Area 3 should be undertaken to determine the use of the land by bats and the location of the bat commuting routes and foraging areas.

8.1.5 A breeding bird survey of the habitats within Broad Area 3 should be undertaken to determine the bird species using the sites and the importance of the habitats. The survey should be based on the methods of the British Trust for Ornithology’s Common Bird Census. A survey for the presence of nesting birds within the buildings should be carried out also.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 25 - 9 REFERENCES

Bat Conservation Trust (2007). Bat Surveys – Good Practice Guidelines. Bat Conservation Trust, London.

Gent, T. & Gibson, S. (2003). Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual. JNCC, Peterborough.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) (2007). Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey – A technique for environmental audit. JNCC, Peterborough.

Langton, T. E. S., Beckett, C. L. & Foster, J.P. (2001). Great crested newt conservation handbook. Froglife, Halesworth.

Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & McLeish, A. P. (2004). Bat Workers’ Manual (3RD Edition). JNCC, Peterborough.

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 26 -

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN

North

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 27 -

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

1. The restaurant with rendered walls, a tiled 2. The corrugated open barn. roof and a corrugated extension.

3. The track that is the southern boundary of 4. The poor semi-improved grassland on the site 130 with MOD site. eastern side of site 130 looking to the south east.

5. The poor semi-improved grassland to the 6. On of the earth mound on the grassland to east of the restaurant around the car park the west of the restaurant. looking to the north west.

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 28 -

7. The broadleaved woodland in the north west 8. The stretch of broadleaved woodland along of the site. the eastern boundary of the site.

9. The patch of silver birch to the south of site 10. The mixed woodland to the east of site 43. 43 with some areas cleared dominated by soft rush.

11. The lichen/bryophyte heath in the central 12. The dry heath in the centre of the site southern half of site 130 looking to the south looking to the north east. east.

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 29 -

13. The pond in the grassland looking south. 14. The drain just north of the MOD site.

15. The pond on the eastern boundary of site 16. The potential badger sett entrance on the 130. eastern boundary of site 130.

17. The potential badger sett entrance in the 18. The potential badger sett entrances in the north western corner of site 130. woodland in the north western corner of site 130.

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 30 -

19. The potential badger sett entrances in the 20. The rabbit holes in the earth mound just mixed woodland amongst a patch of Scot’s west of site 43. pine trees just north of the MOD site.

21. The rabbit holes in the earth mounds on 22. The kestrel pellet. the grassland.

23. The flat-roofed building on site 43. 24. The poor semi-improved grassland on site 43 looking south.

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 31 -

25. The mixed woodland on site 43. 26. The patch of downy birch trees on the northern boundary of site 43

27. The large goat willow in the north western 28. The potential badger sett entrance in the corner of the grassland on site 43. woodland on site 43.

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Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 32 -

APPENDIX 3 TARGET NOTES Comments 1 Restaurant with rendered walls, a tiled roof and corrugated extension (Photograph 1). 2 Corrugated open barn (Photograph 2). 3 Heavily grazed and regularly mown poor semi-improved grassland dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) with occasional widespread grasses such as field wood rush (Luzula campestris) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward such as common mouse- ear (Cerastium fontanum) common dog-violet (Viola riviniana), wavy bitter-cress (Cardamine flexuosa), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), germander speedwell (Veronica chameadrys) and broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius). In patches more hardy vegetation had established such as creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), spear thistle (Cirsium arvense), bristly oxtongue (Picris echioides), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and common nettle (Urtica dioica) (Photographs 4 & 5). 4 Poor semi-improved grassland less managed with a few more herbaceous plants within the sward such as thyme-leaved speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia), perforate St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens) and lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis) (Photograph 6). 5 Broad-leaved woodland dominated by silver birch (Betula pendula) with frequent oak (Quercus robur) and sweet chestnut trees (Castanea sativa) (Photograph 7). The understorey was dominated by elder (Sambucus nigra), rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum), honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) and bracken (Pteridium aquilinum). In the narrow section just south of West Road the holly bushes (Ilex aquifolium) were thicker and ivy (Hedera helix) covered the floor. In open patches within the woodland wood forget-me-not (Myosotis sylvatica) grew abundantly and common field speedwell (Veronica persica), bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) were frequent. 6 Scattered silver birch (Betula pendula) and oak (Quercus robur) trees and the occasional Norway maple tree (Acer platanoides). Small patches of elder (Sambucus nigra), rhododendron bushes (Rhododendron ponticum) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) persisted amongst the trees (Photograph 8) 7 Broadleaved woodland comprised of large stands of silver birch and downy birch (Betula pubescens) trees. Clearance of the silver birch had given rise to patches of damper grassland and heathland with areas of soft rush (Juncus effusus) close to the northern boundary with site 43 (Photograph 9). 8 Broadleaved area consisted mainly of oak (Quercus robur) and silver birch (Betula pendula). Honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) and wood avens (Geum urbanum) were examples of herbaceous plants that had established on the woodland floor. 9 Mixed woodland with an equal distribution of silver birch (Betula pendula) and Scot’s pine trees (Pinus sylvestris). The understorey comprised of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.), honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) and the occasional patch of cleavers (Galium aparine) and common nettle (Urtica dioica) (Photograph 10). 10 Large patch of cleared woodland allowing bryophytes to dominate the area with the occasional patches of bracken. Rushes and grasses adapted for acidic soils such as dense-headed heath wood-rush (Luzula multifora) and heath rush (Juncus squarrosus) were amongst the sward (Photograph 11). 11 Dry dwarf heath dominated by short heather covered the centre of the site. The acidic soil had grasses, sedges and rushes suited to the dry and open habitat such as dense- headed heath wood-rush (Luzula multiflora), sheep’s fescue (Festuca ovina agg.), heath rush (Juncus squarrosus), pill sedge (Carex pilulifera), common bent (Agrostis tenuis) and purple moor -grass (Molinia caerulea). The occasional herbaceous plant had established such as changing forget-me-not (Myosotis discolour), thyme-leaved speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia) and common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum) (Photograph 12). 12 The drain from the woodland in the north western corner extended into the grassland to the north west of the buildings and linked to a pond in the middle of the open grassland (Photograph 13). 13 Several drainage ditches had been dug out in the southern half of site 130 (Photograph 14). 14 A drain ran into a pond on the eastern boundary of the site. This pond was shaded by the trees and had no emergent or submerged vegetation growing (Photograph 15). 15 Potential badger (Meles meles) sett close to the elder (Sambucus nigra) (Photograph 16) 16 Potential badger sett entrance (Photographs 17 & 18). 17 Possible badger sett entrances (Photograph 19). John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 33 - 18 Rabbit holes on the earth mounds facing into the woodland (Photograph 20). 19 Numerous rabbit holes in the earth mounds with fresh diggings and well-used paths joining each entrance (Photograph 21). 20 Light grey pellet with small mammal remains typical of a kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) (Photograph 22). 21 Small brick-built office with a bitumen flat-roof and tight UPVC barge boards (Photograph 23). 22 Mown grassland that was also grazed by rabbits. Perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), red fescue (Festuca rubra) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) were abundant in the grassland with the occasional patch of field wood rush (Luzula campestris). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward such as yarrow (Achillea millefolium), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), dove’s-foot crane’s-bill and dandelion (Photograph 24). 23 Mixed woodland with frequent Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) and downy birch trees (Betula pubescens) with the occasional silver birch (Betula pendula), alder (Alnus glutinosa), elder (Sambucus nigra) and beech tree (Fagus sylvatica). The understorey comprised of holly (Ilex aquifolium) and rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) which had grown thick along the northern boundary of the site. Other woodland plants had established such as bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), snowdrops (Galanthus nivalis), lords-and- ladies (Arum maculatum) and creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans). Cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis), white dead-nettle (Lamium album), bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.) and common nettle (Urtica dioica) had grown up tall along the woodland edge (Photograph 25). 24 Stand of downy birch trees (Photograph 26) 25 Three mammal entrances likely to be used by rabbits (Photograph 28). 26 Hole in the fence in the south eastern corner and a mammal run into site 130.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 34 -

APPENDIX 4 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY Plant common name Scientific name Alder Alnus glutinosa Beech Fagus sylvatica Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Bristly oxtongue Picris echioides Broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius Changing forget-me-not Myosotis discolor Cleavers Galium aparine Common bent Agrostis tenuis Common dog-violet Viola riviniana Common field speedwell Veronica persica Common mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum Common nettle Urtica dioica Common ragwort Senecio jacobaea Common vetch Vicia sativa Cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens Creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis Daisy Bellis perennis Dandelion Taraxacum officinale agg. Dense-headed heath wood rush Luzula multiflora Dove’s-foot crane’s-bill Geranium molle Downy birch Betula pubescens Elder Sambucus nigra Field wood rush Luzula campestris Goat willow Salix caprea Germander speedwell Veronica chameadrys Greater plantain Plantago major Green alkanet Pentaglottis sempervirens Ground-ivy Glechoma hederacea Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Heather Calluna vulgaris Heath rush Juncus squarrosus Heath wood-rush Luzula multiflora Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium Holly Ilex aquifolium Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum Ivy Hedera helix Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria Leyland cypress Cupressocyparis leylandii Lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum Lungwort Pulmonaria officinalis Meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris Norway maple Acer platanoides Pedunculate oak Quercus robur Perennial rye grass Lolium perenne Perforate St John’s wort Hypericum perforatum Pill sedge Carex pilulifera Purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea Red fescue Festuca rubra Rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum Ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata Scot’s pine Pinus sylvestris Sheep’s fescue Festuca ovina agg. Silver birch Betula pendula Snowdrop Galanthus nivalis Soft rush Juncus effusus Spear thistle Cirsium vulgare John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 35 - Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Thyme-leaved speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia Tormentil Potentilla erecta Wavy bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa White clover Trifolium repens White dead-nettle Lamium album Wood avens Geum urbanum Yarrow Achillea millefolium Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 12/07/2010

Broad Area 3, NE Crowthorne - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 36 -

Phase 1 Ecological Survey

Site Allocation Development Plan Document Bracknell Forest Borough Council

Broad Area 4: SHLAA Sites within West Binfield

June 2010

100 New Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, Berkshire, RG45 6JP Telephone/Fax: 01344 780785 Mobile: 07979 403099 E-mail: [email protected] www.wenman-ecology.co.uk

1 SUMMARY...... 3

2 INTRODUCTION...... 5

3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES ...... 7

4 POLICY BACKGROUND ...... 11

5 SURVEY METHOD ...... 12

6 SURVEY FINDINGS...... 14

7 EXISTING DATA SEARCH...... 26

8 DISCUSSION ...... 29

9 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 32

10 REFERENCES...... 34

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN (A)...... 35

APPENDIX 2 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN (B)...... 36

APPENDIX 3 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 37

APPENDIX 4 TARGET NOTES ...... 40

APPENDIX 5 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY ...... 43

1 SUMMARY

1.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy Company LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites and adjoining land within Broad Area 4 of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document.

1.1.2 The survey site covers a total area of 83.7 hectares in west Binfield, Berkshire. The Broad Area largely comprised of improved grassland grazed by horses, regularly mown amenity grassland and broadleaved woodland supporting hazel coppice. Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre has records of legally protected or notable species on Broad Area 4 such as the widespread woodland plant, the bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and the smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris). Pockets Copse and Blackman’ Copse woodlands are designated as Local Wildlife Sites.

1.1.3 The majority of the site comprised heavily grazed grassland dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance.

1.1.4 The woodland, hedgerows, ditches and ponds are the focus of biodiversity value within the Broad Area; the woodland of Pockets Copse and Blackman’s Copse are of county level ecological value whilst the interconnecting hedgerows, ditches and ponds are of site level ecological value acting as likely corridors and habitats for key plant and animal species.

1.1.5 The hedgerows in the Broad Area have the potential to support dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) and the hedgerows and taller areas of associated grassland on site 93 and the land to the west of site 24 offer potential terrestrial habitat for reptiles and surveys for the presence of these species is recommended.

1.1.6 The hedgerows, tall grassland and woodland offer potential terrestrial commuting habitat for great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) and the wet ditch and ponds offer potential commuting and breeding habitat. A survey

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 3 - of all the ponds within 500 metres of the Broad Area boundary is recommended including the six ponds on site.

1.1.7 Pockets Copse, Blackman’s Copse, the woodland at Murrellhill grange and the strip of woodland running along Foxley Lane offer suitable habitat for badgers (Meles meles) and badger sett entrances were recorded in Blackman’s Copse on site 29. A badger survey is recommended of all four woodlands on site and the woodlands adjacent to the Broad Area to the west.

1.1.8 The offices at Popes Manor, Murrellhill Grange, Popes Farm buildings and the trees in the Broad Area offer some bat potential and therefore bat surveys of these features are recommended. Also a bat activity survey is recommended to determine the use of the site by bats.

1.1.9 A breeding bird survey of the Broad Area and a survey for the presence of nesting birds in the buildings within the area is recommended.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 4 - 2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Background

2.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites and adjoining land within Broad Area 4 of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document in west Binfield, Berkshire. The SHLAA sites and land covered by the survey were: Site 93 - Land at junction of Forest Road with Foxley Lane, sites 28 and 239 - Land south of Foxley Lane and west of Murrellhill Lane, site 24 - Land east of Murrell Hill Lane, south of Foxley Lane and north of September Cottage, land at Murrellhill Grange between sites 29 and 28, site 29 - Land north of London Road and west of Murrell Hill Lane and site 197 - Land at Popes Manor, Murrellhill Lane.

2.1.2 The survey was commissioned in connection with the preparation of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document for Bracknell Forest Borough.

2.2 Site location and context

2.2.1 Site 93 covers an area of approximately 1.3 hectares at the junction of Forest Road with Foxley Lane in west Binfield (OS grid reference SU837707). The site is located immediately to the west and north of a residential area and south and east of fields grazed by horses.

2.2.2 Sites 28 and 239 cover an area of approximately 34.1 hectares south of Foxley Lane and west of Murrellhill Lane in west Binfield (OS grid reference SU839701). The sites – principally fields grazed by horses - is located immediately to the west of residential plots and Popes Meadow – a Local Wildlife Site - south of a large residential estate and Binfield Church of England Primary School, north of private land at Murrellhill Grange that is crossed by a public footpath and east of Foxley Farm and associated fields.

2.2.3 Site 24 covers an area of approximately two hectares south of Foxley Lane in west Binfield (OS grid reference SU843701). The site – largely an area of mown amenity grassland – is located immediately east and west of

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 5 - residential properties and woodland to the west and a larger residential plot borders the site to the south.

2.2.4 The land at Murrellhill Grange is sandwiched between sites 28 and 29 with a public footpath crossing the site and comprises of an area of woodland known as Pockets Copse – an area of broadleaved, hazel coppice woodland – amenity grassland, and the land associated with Murrellhill Grange and Popes Farm.

2.2.5 Site 29 covers an area of approximately 19.8 hectares north of London Road and west of Murrehill Lane (OS grid reference SU839693). The site – fields grazed by horses with an area of broadleaved woodland known as Blackman’s Copse – is located immediately to the south of the land at Murrellhill Grange, east of agricultural fields and a narrow copse, north of London Road and the Coppid Beech hotel and south west of Popes Farm.

2.2.6 Site 197 covers an area of approximately 7.5 hectares between Murrellhill Lane and St Marks Road. It comprises a large property originally in use as a residence and currently used as office space with landscaped gardens, broadleaved woodland and a pond that extends into Popes Meadow – there was no access to this site.

2.2.7 The remainder of the site comprises residential plots with associated gardens in the north eastern corner, south of site 24 and on Murrellhill Lane and woodland to the west of site 24 also on Murrellhill Lane.

2.3 Report format

2.3.1 There follows: an overview of the protected species legislation in Section 3 and of the national and local wildlife policy background in Section 4; details of the survey method in Section 5; survey findings in Section 6 and 7; a discussion of the survey findings in Section 8 and recommendations are made in Section 9. The appendices present the phase 1 survey plan (A) (Appendix 1), phase 1 survey plan (B) (Appendix 2), site photographs (Appendix 3), target notes (Appendix 4) and a plant species list recorded during the survey (Appendix 5).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 6 - 3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES

3.1 Amphibians

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a great crested newt;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a great crested newt;

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a great crested newt;

3.2 Bats

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a bat;

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 7 - • Deliberately, intentionally or recklessly disturb bats; in particular any disturbance which is likely to impair the ability of bats to survive, breed or reproduce or nurture their young; or in the case of hibernating or migrating bats, to hibernate or migrate; or to affect significantly the local distribution or abundance of the species;

• Deliberately kill, injure or take any bat.

3.3 Badgers

3.4 Birds

3.4.2 Rarer bird species, such as the barn owl and kingfisher, are listed on Schedule 1 of the Act, which makes it an offence to disturb the birds whilst nesting also.

3.5 Dormice

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a dormouse;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a dormouse;

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 8 - • Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a dormouse;

3.6 Reptiles

3.6.1 The four widespread reptiles most likely to be encountered (Adder, grass snake, slow worm and viviparous lizard) are protected under the Wildlife &

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 9 - Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The Act makes it an offence to intentionally kill, injure, possess or sell any of the species.

3.7 Water voles

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 10 - 4 POLICY BACKGROUND

4.1 National planning policy

4.2 Local wildlife and planning policy

4.2.4 Sites of importance for wildlife in Berkshire are referred to as Local Wildlife Sites (LWS). Designated LWS are assessed against set criteria agreed by the Berkshire Nature Conservation Forum.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 11 - 5 SURVEY METHOD

5.1.1 A walkover survey of sites 28, 239, 29 and the land accessible from the public footpath across the land at Murrellhill Grange was undertaken on the 17th May 2010, a walkover survey of site 93 was undertaken on 4th May 2010 and site 24 was surveyed on 26th April 2010. During the surveys the habitats present were noted and plotted on site plans (Appendices 1 & 2) using definitions based on the standard phase 1 ecological survey definitions (JNCC 2007). Key features of the site were photographed (Appendix 3) and plotted on the site plan using target notes (Appendix 4).

5.1.2 Any features of ecological importance were recorded, and plant species observed during the survey noted (Appendix 5). Particular attention was given to any evidence of the presence of protected species and the site’s potential to support such species and those of conservation importance (as defined within Section 74(2) of the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000).

5.1.3 The habitats of those sites within Broad Area 4 without access to undertake a walkover survey: residential plots in the north eastern corner and south of site 24, The Maples residential plot, Murrellhill Grange, Popes Farm and Popes Manor (site 197), were identified using aerial photography on Google Earth and Ordnance Survey mapping. It must be noted that these areas have only brief and general habitat descriptions denoted from aerial photography that is not accurate. A walkover survey of these areas is recommended.

5.2 Biological records search

5.2.1 The Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre, Binfield Badger Group and the Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat group were commissioned to undertake a search of the data held on protected and notable species within 1km of the Broad Area boundary.

5.3 Survey constraints

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 12 - The plant species list presented should not be considered a comprehensive list of species present.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 13 - 6 SURVEY FINDINGS

6.1 Site overview

6.1.1 Site 93 consisted of poor semi-improved grassland with a narrow stretch of broadleaved woodland running along the northern, eastern and southern boundaries of the site. An old corrugated shed lay collapsed on the western boundary covered with bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.) (Target note 1). An intact hedgerow with trees formed the western boundary with a gap cut in the hedgerow for access (Target note 6). A fence and the woodland formed the remaining boundaries with neighbouring plots. A wet ditch ran along the eastern boundary parallel with Foxley Lane (Target note 2).

6.2 Habitats

6.2.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 93: poor semi-improved grassland, broadleaved woodland, intact hedgerow and a wet ditch.

6.2.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan (A) in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 3 with associated target notes in Appendix 4.

6.3 Poor semi-improved grassland

6.3.1 The grassland had been left unmanaged and was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), with the occasional patches of red fescue (Festuca rubra), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata) and sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratensis), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) common bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata) (Photographs 1 & 2; Target note 3).

6.3.2 There was an earth mound on the eastern side of the site covered with tall ruderal vegetation and dense scrub including common nettle (Urtica dioica), cleavers (Galium aparine) and bramble (Rubus fruticosus) (Photograph 1).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 14 - 6.4 Broadleaved woodland

6.4.1 Broadleaved woodland stretched along the northern, eastern and western boundaries and the canopy comprised predominantly of beech (Fagus sylvatica) with oak (Quercus robur), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), English elm (Ulmus procera), lime (Tilia x europaea) and cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus). Running down the centre of the woodland on the northern side and in the south eastern corner was an area of hazel (Corylus avellana) coppice.

6.4.2 The woodland understorey comprised of bluebells (Hyacinthoides non- scripta), honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum), snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), ivy (Hedera helix), holly (Ilex aquifolium) and some bramble (Rubus fruticosus). The woodland was dominated by a large mature oak tree (Quercus robur) in the north eastern corner and goat willow (Salix caprea) was more frequent along the eastern boundary (Photograph 3; Target note 4).

6.4.3 Herbaceous plants and tall ruderal vegetation had established along the woodland edge with plant species such as common nettle (Urtica dioica), cleavers (Galium aparine), field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis), lords- and-ladies (Arum maculatum), oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), white dead-nettle (Lamium album), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens) and garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata).

6.4.4 The woodland widened in the south eastern corner of the site and was more open and typical of a hazel coppice (Corylus avellana) habitat. Bryophytes were more abundant and there were moss covered log piles on the woodland floor. Open patches allowed grasses to establish such as perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne) and herbaceous plants to grow such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), tufted vetch (Vicia cracca), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens) and common chickweed (Stellaria media) (Photograph 4; Target note 5).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 15 - 6.5 Intact hedge

6.5.1 The hedgerow that formed the western site boundary with Foxley Lane supported the native shrubs hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). At the base of the hedgerow, grasses had grown tall and several herbaceous plants typical of shady, damp conditions had established such as lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis) and great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) (Target note 6).

6.6 Wet ditch

6.6.1 A wet ditch ran from the north to the south parallel with Foxley Lane (Target note 2). A mammal path from the field to the west led into site 93 through the ditch next to a fallen lime tree (Tilia x europaea) (Target note 7).

6.7 Trees

The occasional tree grew in the grassland such as cherry (Prunus sp.) and oak (Quercus robur) and between an ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and cherry tree (Prunus sp.) there were two old mammal burrows (Target note 8).

6.8 Site overview

6.8.1 Site 28 consisted of fields grazed by horses and agricultural fields with thick intact hedgerows forming the field and site boundaries. A thin strip of broadleaved woodland ran along Foxley Lane just to the north of one field (Target note 9). A drain cut through the site between the fields flowing from the south eastern corner and out on the western boundary south of Swain’s Copse in the neighbouring Wokingham District (Target note 11).

6.9 Habitats

6.9.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 28: improved grassland, broadleaved woodland, intact hedgerow, pond and wet ditch/drain.

6.9.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan (A) in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 3 with associated target notes in Appendix 4.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 16 - 6.10 Improved grassland

6.10.1 The grassland in the fields on the site was heavily grazed by horses, recently seeded or had been ploughed and then left unmanaged. The grazed fields were dominated by common, widespread grasses such as wall barley (Hordeum murinum), rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne). Herbaceous plants and patches of tall ruderal vegetation typical of grazed fields had established such as broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), common nettle (Urtica dioica), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), red clover (Trifolium pratense), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea).

6.10.2 In the recently seeded fields, soft brome (Bromus hordeaceus) was dominant with other abundant grasses such as perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), red fescue (Festuca rubra), sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus). Herbaceous plants and tall ruderal vegetation had established amongst the sward in abundance such as creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), common nettle (Urtica dioica), tufted vetch (Vicia cracca), common vetch (Vicia sativa) and the occasional meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), common field speedwell (Veronica persica), thyme-leaved speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia) and common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) (Photograph 5).

6.10.3 In the improved grassland grazed by horses in the north western corner of the site, bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), black knapweed (Centaurea nigra) and lesser stitchwort (Stellaria graminea) were found growing.

6.10.4 In the fields left unmanaged on the western side of the site, white clover (Trifolium repens) dominated a strip of the fields that had evidence of previous heavy disturbance. Further grass species such as smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis), barren brome (Bromus sterilis) and common bent (Agrostis tenuis) had established in these fields.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 17 - 6.11 Broadleaved woodland

6.11.1 A thin strip of oak (Quercus robur) dominated woodland ran alongside Foxley Lane at the northern boundary of the site. The oak trees (Quercus robur) were mature with a thick understorey of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), holly (Ilex aquifolium), field maple (Acer campestre), elder (Sambucus nigra), apple (Malus sp.) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). The woodland floor was dominated by ivy (Hedera helix) and bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.). The open patches were frequent with greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), cleavers (Galium aparine), bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), germander speedwell (Veronica chameadrys), Herb-Robert (Geranium robertianum), hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica), common vetch (Vicia sativa), wood false-brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum) and hairy brome (Bromus ramosus) (Target note 9).

6.11.2 A dry ditch ran parallel with Foxley Lane on the northern side of the woodland with Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) established amongst other herbaceous plants such as hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria) and great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) (Target note 10).

6.12 Intact native hedge

6.12.1 Intact native hedgerows formed the field boundaries and boundaries of the site. Some sections of the hedgerow had matured into standard trees and the dominant species were hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), English elm (Ulmus procera), apple (Malus sp.) and oak (Quercus robur). Amongst the hedgerows, bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.) and dog-rose (Rosa canina) grew and the base of the hedgerow along the field edges was dominated by ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), common nettle (Urtica dioica), cleavers (Galium aparine) and the occasional patch of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum) (Photograph 6).

6.13 Water bodies

6.13.1 A drain ran from the south eastern corner at The Maples residential plot through the fields to Swain’s Copse beyond the Broad Area 4 boundary (Target note 11; Photograph 7). John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 18 - 6.13.2 There was a pond in the north eastern corner of the site. It was approximately 25 m2 and fairly shallow at the time of the survey but there was a good invertebrate diversity with dragonflies noted. The submerged and emergent vegetation was relatively dense and the edges of the pond were heavily disturbed by livestock (Photograph 8).

6.14 Site overview

6.14.1 Site 24 was predominantly a large field of amenity grassland used by the adjacent residential plots; the grassland had recently been mown short (Target note 12). A fence formed the eastern and western boundaries and a dry ditch formed the northern boundary with a residential plot (Target note 15). The south eastern corner comprised an old orchard with the grass left to grow long (Target note 13). Between the two metal gates forming the access to the site, there was an area of dense scrub (Target note 14).

6.15 Habitats

6.15.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 24: amenity grassland, poor semi-improved grassland, dense scrub, intact hedgerow, defunct hedgerow and a dry ditch.

6.15.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan (A) in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 3 with associated target notes in Appendix 4.

6.16 Amenity grassland

6.16.1 The short amenity grassland was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) and annual meadow grass (Poa annua). Occasional patches of cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) persisted in the sward and herbaceous plants were frequent amongst the grassland such as white clover (Trifolium repens), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) and the occasional cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) (Target note 12; Photograph 9).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 19 - 6.17 Poor semi-improved grassland

6.17.1 In the south eastern corner, the grassland amongst the apple trees (Malus sp.) had been left uncut and more grass species and herbaceous plant species had established typical of shady, damp conditions. The grassland was dominated by rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis) with the occasional patch of cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and bluebells (Hyacinthoides non- scripta) carpeted the majority of the ground. Other herbaceous plants include common dog-violet (Viola riviniana), field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis), germander speedwell (Veronica chameadrys), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria) and creeping jenny (Lysimachia nummularia) (Target note 13; Photograph 10).

6.18 Dense scrub

6.18.1 Between the two metal gates at the entrance to the site in the northern corner, there was an area dominated by thick bramble (Rubus fruticosus) with the occasional patch of grass and herbaceous plants such as brome (Bromus sp.), perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata), common bent (Agrostis tenuis), periwinkle (Vinca sp.), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum), common vetch (Vicia sativa) and garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) (Target note 14; Photograph 11).

6.19 Defunct hedgerow and dry ditch

6.19.1 A defunct hedgerow formed the northern site boundary with a dry ditch beyond. The hedgerow comprised of oak (Quercus robur), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), field maple (Acer campestre), crab apple (Malus sylvestris), hazel (Corylus avellana) and holly (Ilex aquifolium). At the hedgerow base dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), cleavers (Galium aparine), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), germander speedwell (Veronica chameadrys), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis) had established. The grass species at the base of the hedgerow had grown taller such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and wood false-brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum) (Target note 15).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 20 - 6.20 Intact hedgerow

6.20.1 An intact hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) hedgerow ran along the northern boundary with the occasional blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), oak (Quercus robur), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and cherry trees (Prunus sp.) along the boundary. At the hedgerow base barren brome (Bromus sterilis), common nettle (Urtica dioica), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) and garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) had grown tall with the occasional patch of common vetch (Vicia sativa) and lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum) (Target note 16; Photograph 12).

6.21 Fauna

6.21.1 A mammal burrow in the dry ditch amongst the holly (Ilex aquifolium) was visible and possibly dug by a badger or fox (Target note 17).

6.22 Site overview

6.22.1 The land at Murrellhill Grange was largely fields of regularly mown, amenity grassland (Target note 1). Two fields of amenity grassland either side of a public footpath were present between Pockets Copse and Murrellhill Grange. Fences and hedgerows formed the site and field boundaries. Pockets Copse ran the length of the western boundary (Target note 2). Murrellhill Grange with its associated gardens, and Popes Farm with associated land comprised the eastern side of the site and was not accessed to survey.

6.23 Habitats

6.23.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of land at Murrellhill Grange: amenity grassland, broadleaved woodland, improved grassland, intact hedgerow and ponds.

6.23.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan (B) in Appendix 2, the site photographs are in Appendix 3 with associated target notes in Appendix 4.

6.24 Amenity grassland

6.24.1 The short amenity grassland was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and red fescue (Festuca rubra), John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 21 - widespread common grasses typical of amenity grassland. Herbaceous plants were frequent amongst the grassland such as white clover (Trifolium repens), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), thyme-leaved speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) (Target note 1).

6.25 Broadleaved woodland

6.25.1 Pockets Copse was predominantly an oak (Quercus robur) dominated woodland with a hazel coppice (Corylus avellana) understorey and at the time of the survey, bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) were abundant on the woodland floor. Other tree species observed within the canopy and understorey included oak (Quercus robur), elm (Ulmus procera) and downy birch (Betula pubescens). The ground flora also supported a range of other herbaceous species including ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), yellow archangel (Lamiastrum galeobdolon), common chickweed (Stellaria media), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), ivy-leaved speedwell (Veronica hederifolia), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria) and patches of wood millet (Milium effusum). Male fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) and buckler fern (Dryopteris sp.) were coming through alongside the woodland path (Target note 2).

6.26 Intact hedgerow

6.26.1 Along the northern boundary separating the site from site 28 to the north and separating the two fields of amenity grassland with the Murrellhill Grange plot there were intact hedgerows predominantly comprised of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with other species such as elm (Ulmus procera), elder (Sambucus nigra), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and the occasional ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and oak tree (Quercus robur).

6.26.2 The base of the hedgerow had grass species such as cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata), rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) and herbaceous plants such as Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), wood avens (Geum urbanum), white clover (Trifolium repens), common vetch John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 22 - (Vicia sativa), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis) and meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), all left unmanaged and grown tall. Some tall ruderal plants were a component the sward such as common nettle (Urtica dioica), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) and white dead-nettle (Lamium album) (Target note 3).

6.27 Ponds

6.27.1 There were two ponds either side of the footpath leading into the land at Murrellhill Grange to the south of site 28 likely to be fed by the drain running through site 28. These were both shaded ponds surrounded by crack willow (Salix fragilis) and field maple trees (Acer campestre) (Target note 4).

6.28 Remainder of land at Murrellhill Grange overview

6.28.1 The Murrellhill Grange plot had a large expanse of amenity grassland and a large pond in the centre of the grassland. The land associated with Popes Farm was used for grazing horses and likely to be improved grassland similar to that found on sites 28 and 29.

6.29 Site overview

6.29.1 Site 29 was dominated by fields of improved grassland grazed by horses. Just south of Murrellhill Grange and connected at the north western corner was Blackman’s Copse – predominantly hazel coppice woodland (Target note 5). Hedgerows and fences formed the site and field boundaries.

6.30 Habitats

6.30.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 29: improved grassland, broadleaved woodland, intact hedgerow, and a pond.

6.30.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan (B) in Appendix 2, the site photographs are in Appendix 3 with associated target notes in Appendix 4.

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 23 - 6.31 Improved grassland

6.31.1 The grassland in the fields on the site was grazed by horses and was dominated by common widespread grasses such as wall barley (Hordium murinum), cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and brome (Bromus sp.). Herbaceous plants typical of grazed fields had established such as broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), common nettle (Urtica dioica), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), white clover (Trifolium repens), dove’s-foot crane’s- bill (Geranium molle), sheep’s sorrel (Rumex acetosella) and common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) (Photograph 13).

6.32 Broadleaved woodland

6.32.1 Blackman’s Copse was a broadleaved woodland with a largely oak dominated canopy and a hazel (Corylus avellana) coppice understorey and at the time of the survey bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) were the most abundant component of the ground flora. Amongst the hazel (Corylus avellana) there were patches of silver birch (Betula pendula), downy birch (Betula pubescens) and guelder rose (Viburnum opulus); wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis) was recorded within the canopy also. Other species within the woodland ground flora yellow archangel (Lamiastrum galeobdolon), common chickweed (Stellaria media), foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum) and male fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) (Target note 5; Photograph 14).

6.33 Intact hedgerow

6.33.1 Along the southern half of the western boundary there was an intact hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) hedgerow (Target note 6).

6.34 Trees

6.34.1 The southern boundary fence had a line of trees growing along the grass verge by the roadside. The tree species included sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), apple (Malus sp.), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), oak (Quercus robur), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and silver birch (Betula pendula) (Target note 7).

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 24 - 6.35 Pond

6.35.1 In Blackman’s Copse there was a woodland pond shaded by the surrounding trees (Target note 8).

6.36 Fauna

6.36.1 A large badger sett was identified in Blackman’s Copse, one badger sett entrance was under the southern fence boundary of the woodland (Target note 9; Photograph 15).

6.37 Remainder of Broad Area 4 overview

6.37.1 There are a few residential plots unable to be surveyed with amenity grassland and an area of longer grassland to the west of site 24 in which we noted a fox and fallow deer whilst surveying site 24. Site 197 – Popes Manor comprises an office block with surrounding landscaped gardens and the pond that extends into Popes Meadow.

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 25 - 7 EXISTING DATA SEARCH

7.1.1 The Binfield Badger Group holds two records of badgers within Broad Area 4, one for the southern end of Blackman’s Copse on site 29 (SU840693) recorded in 1993 and one at Popeswood on site 197 (SU847696) recorded in 1994.

7.1.2 The Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat Group holds a record of a pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus sp.) 400 metres to the north east of site 93 in Broad Area 4 (SU840708).

7.1.3 Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre search revealed records of bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and a smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) in the Broad Area. Records of bluebells – the widespread woodland plant – were found for Pockets Copse, Blackman’s Copse and the woodland at Murrellhill Grange. The pond at Murrellhill Grange had the record of a smooth newt from 2003.

7.1.4 The search of the Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre’s database revealed a large number of records within 1 kilometre of the Broad Area. Within the 1 kilometre square in which the site lies but outside the Broad Area itself, there are records of mammals such as the badger (Meles meles), pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus sp.) and a Myotis bat (Myotis sp.) and birds such as the bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula), cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), dunnock (Prunella modularis), green woodpecker (Picus viridis), hobby (Falco subbuteo), kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), swift (Apus apus) and house martin (Delichon urbica). There are records of reptiles and amphibians such as the common frog (Rana temporaria), common toad (Bufo bufo), grass snake (Natrix natrix), great crested newt (Triturus cristatus), slow worm (Anguis fragilis) and smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), and invertebrates such as the stag beetle (Lucanus cervus).

7.1.5 Within the site, the woodlands: Pockets Copse to the north of Site 29; and Blackman’s Copse in Site 29 are designated as Local Wildlife Sites.

7.1.6 Within 1 kilometre of the centre of Broad Area 4, outside the site boundaries, there are eight woodlands (Swains Copse, Long Copse, Top Copse, Farley Copse, Temple Copse, Wykery Copse and the woodland John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 26 - immediately to the west of site 29 and at Popes Meadow). Farley Copse and Temple Copse are designated Local Nature Reserves and Local Wildlife Sites and Wykery Copse is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) one kilometre to the south east of the Broad Area beyond the A329 (M).

7.1.7 Farley Copse is a remnant of the once extensive coniferous woodland habitat of the area approximately 450 metres to the east of the Broad Area. Temple Copse is a small ancient woodland copse 800 metres to the north east of the Broad Area. Popes Meadow has a meadow, pond and copse and is a public park receiving the Green Flag award since 2001 – a national standard set for the quality of public parks.

7.1.8 There are records of badgers (Meles meles) at Long Copse in the form of a badger sett and fresh excavations in 2006 and a latrine has been found at Pebblestone Copse in 2006.

7.1.9 Great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) have been found in ponds at Foxley Farm (immediately adjacent to site 28 in the northern corner), Marchfield House (200 metres to the north west of site 93), Jubilee pond (just over 600 metres to the north east of site 93) and Monks Alley (270 metres to the north of site 93).

7.1.10 There are records of common frogs (Rana temporaria) and common toads (Bufo bufo) at Popes Meadow from 1998 and 1995 respectively. Grass snakes (Natrix natrix) and slow worms (Anguis fragilis) have also been recorded at Popes Meadow, the most recent from 2000 and 1996 respectively. Smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris) have been recorded at ponds in Farley Copse, Nash pond and Popes Meadow. Popes Meadow also has numerous bird records including a cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) record from 1994, a green woodpecker (Picus viridis) record from 2003, a kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) record from 1994 and a kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) record from 1994.

7.1.11 There are records dating 1993 of 10 pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus sp.) in a house at SU846696 – approximately 200 metres to the east of site 29 - and pipistrelle species (Pipistrellus sp.) found in a house at Cressex Close – approximately 400 metres to the north east of site 28.

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 27 - 7.1.12 There is a record of six stag beetles (Lucanus cervus) at a house on Rose Hill approximately 650 metres to the north east of site 93.

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 28 - 8 DISCUSSION

8.1 Assessment of existing ecological value

Grassland

8.1.1 The most abundant habitat types encountered within Broad Area 4 were improved grassland (horse-grazed and ploughed) and amenity grassland. The swards were dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance typical of agriculturally improved grasslands and garden lawns. The majority of the grassland had a uniformly short sward offering no foraging or sheltering opportunities for fauna of conservation importance that can be associated with grassland such as reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates.

8.1.2 The grassland had grown longer in some of the improved fields on site 28 and the poor semi-improved grassland was left unmanaged and less uniform on site 93 and on the land west of site 24. In these areas the grassland is likely to be of greater ecological value at the site level with increased opportunities for groups such as invertebrates, small mammals and with potential to provide cover and foraging opportunities for reptiles and amphibians.

Linear habitat features – hedgerows

8.1.3 The thick native hedgerows throughout Broad Area 4 are likely to act as the key ecological resource within the Area and are considered to be of local ecological value at the site and parish level providing potential habitat for a range of invertebrate species and other groups particularly birds, bats, small mammals including dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius), reptiles and amphibians.

8.1.4 The hedgerows are likely to provide a connective wildlife corridor linking woodland habitats providing important commuting and foraging routes for bats – European Protected Species - with the mature oak trees in the hedgerows and in the woodland on site offering potential crevices for roosting bats also.

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 29 - 8.1.5 In relation to the Bracknell Forest Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) the linear features on site, i.e. drain, wet ditch and hedgerows, have the potential to support associated Local BAP Species. Amphibians such as the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) – a European Protected Species recorded in ponds close to the northern part of the Broad Area - may use the features as corridors to suitable breeding ponds and hibernation sites. Local BAP bird species such as the bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) use thick hedgerows like those on site for feeding and nesting. Records of bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) dating 2003 identify them using the reedbed in Popes Meadow. Barn owls (Tyto alba) – protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 – are likely to use the longer grass established at the edge of fields and hedgerows for hunting small mammals and the mature trees in the hedgerows as perches and possible nesting opportunities; there are barn owl (Tyto alba) records in the 1 kilometre square to the north east of the Broad Area.

Water bodies

8.1.6 The ponds on the site i.e. in the north western corner of site 28, the two ponds either side of the footpath on the land at Murrellhill Grange, the two ponds at Murrellhill Grange, the pond at Popes Meadow, the pond south of site 24 and the pond in Blackman’s Copse, and the site’s ditches could all potentially be breeding sites for great crested newts and other amphibian species. Furthermore, the ponds will provide opportunities for a range of aquatic plants and invertebrates and in turn are of value as feeding areas for insectivorous groups such as bats and birds for example and overall are considered to be of ecological value at a site level.

Buildings

8.1.7 Murrellhill Grange, Popes Manor, Popes Farm and the residential houses all may have potential opportunities for nesting bird and roosting bats. Farmland and woodland habitats in the local vicinity are rich in invertebrates and therefore favoured as roosting sites for bats and any crevices in the buildings can potentially be used by roosting bats and/or nesting birds.

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 30 - Woodland

8.1.8 The woodlands of Pockets Copse and Blackman’s Copse are long established broadleaved woodlands supporting a range of plant species typical of ancient woodland and are recognised as being of county level ecological value through their designation as Local Wildlife Sites. The narrow strip of woodland along Foxley Lane at the northern edge of Site 28 supports native broadleaved species but is limited in extent and therefore of ecological value at the site level only.

8.1.9 The woodlands all are likely to act as a key resource for key faunal groups: such as bats, birds and invertebrates and may support dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius). Badger (Meles meles) activity was recorded in Blackman’s Copse on site 29 and there are records of badgers in Long Copse just 140 metres to the east of site 28 and therefore the woodland and neighbouring fields in Broad Area 4 could be used for foraging and potential sites for further badger sett entrances.

Orchards

8.1.10 Traditional Orchards have been designated as a UK BAP Habitat since 2007 and the orchard at Popes Manor has been designated as a Traditional Orchard. Traditional orchards provide food, shelter and potential breeding sites for numerous invertebrates, bats, birds and small mammals.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 31 - 9 RECOMMENDATIONS

9.1 Phase 2 ecological survey

9.1.1 The hedgerows throughout Broad Area 4 and the long grassland habitats on site 93 and the land west of site 24 have the potential to support reptiles. A survey for the presence of reptiles should be carried out and should comprise a minimum of seven survey visits to check artificial refugia set out on the site in advance; surveys can be carried out in suitable conditions between March and October, but are most profitable when carried out in April, May and September (Froglife 1999).

9.1.2 The hedgerows and areas of broadleaved woodland have the potential to support dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) and a survey to establish presence or absence in line with standard survey guidance (English Nature 2006).

9.1.3 A survey of all ponds and water bodies within 500 metres of the Broad Area and the eight ponds on site for the presence of great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) should be carried out to establish the importance of ponds for these species and the associated value of linking terrestrial habitats such as hedgerows. From Ordnance Survey mapping there are eight potential breeding ponds within 500 metres of the Broad Area, four known breeding ponds from records and eight potential breeding ponds on site. Areas on site such as the hedgerows and wet ditch are considered to be suitable habitat for great crested newts, and newts are known to range within at least a 500m radius from their ponds. Further survey should be undertaken for this species following standard survey guidelines i.e. four survey visits to each pond between mid March and mid June with at least two carried out between mid April and mid May (English Nature 2001).

9.1.4 Badger (Meles meles) activity has previously been recorded in Long Copse and Blackman’s Copse with badger evidence still recorded in Blackman’s Copse. Other woodlands in the Broad Area - Pockets Copse and woodland along Foxley Lane - and surrounding woodlands – Swain’s Copse, Farley Copse, Pebblestone Copse and the woodland at Popes Meadow - also have the potential to support badgers and therefore a survey to identify and accurately plot the location of badger sett entrances in relation to Broad

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 32 - Area 4 should be undertaken during the peak period of badger activity i.e. from March onwards to monitor use.

9.1.5 A bat survey of the buildings in Broad Area 4 and the mature trees in the hedgerows and fields is required to assess fully their potential to support roosting bats. If features of potential for roosting bats are recorded, further survey to confirm the presence or absence of bats should take place consisting of evening emergence surveys supported by dawn re-entry surveys carried out with the aid of bat detectors. Emergence surveys should be carried out between May and September. A bat activity survey of the linear features in Broad Area 4 and Pockets Copse and Blackman’s Copse should be undertaken to determine the use of the land by bats and the location of the bat commuting routes and foraging areas.

9.1.6 A breeding bird survey of the habitats within Broad Area 4 should be undertaken to determine the bird species using the sites and the importance of the habitats. The survey should be based on the methods of the British Trust for Ornithology’s Common Bird Census. A survey for the presence of nesting birds within the site’s residential buildings should be carried out also.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 33 - 10 REFERENCES

Bat Conservation Trust (2007). Bat Surveys – Good Practice Guidelines. Bat Conservation Trust, London.

English Nature (2006). The Conservation Handbook – Second Edition. English Nature, Peterborough.

Gent, T. & Gibson, S. (2003). Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual. JNCC, Peterborough.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) (2007). Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey – A technique for environmental audit. JNCC, Peterborough.

Langton, T. E. S., Beckett, C. L. & Foster, J.P. (2001). Great crested newt conservation handbook. Froglife, Halesworth.

Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & McLeish, A. P. (2004). Bat Workers’ Manual (3RD Edition). JNCC, Peterborough.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 34 -

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN (A)

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 35 - APPENDIX 2 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN (B)

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 36 - APPENDIX 3 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

1. The poor semi-improved grassland and 2. The poor semi-improved grassland looking earth mound in the corner looking to the south to the west. east.

3. The northern edge of the broadleaved 4. The open and wider woodland in the south woodland looking to the east. eastern corner.

5. The improved grassland on site 28. 6. The hedgerow forming the field boundaries on site 28.

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 37 -

7. The drain running through site 28. 8. The pond at the north eastern corner of Site 28.

9. The amenity grassland on site 24. 10. The poor semi-improved grassland in the south eastern corner of site 24.

11. The dense scrub in the northern corner of 12. The hedgerow along the eastern boundary site 24. of site 24.

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 38 -

13. The improved grassland on site 29. 14. Blackman’s Copse on site 29.

15. The badger sett entrance under the fence on site 29.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 39 -

APPENDIX 4 TARGET NOTES Target notes for Phase 1 site plan (A) Comments 1 Old corrugated shed collapsed on the western boundary covered with bramble (Rubus fruticosus). 2 Wet ditch. 3 Poor semi-improved grassland left unmanaged and dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), with the occasional patches of red fescue (Festuca rubra), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata) and sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratensis), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) common bird’s-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata) (Photograph 1) 4 Broadleaved woodland comprised of predominantly beech (Fagus sylvatica) with oak (Quercus robur), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), English elm (Ulmus procera), lime (Tilia x europaea) and cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus). Running down the centre of the woodland on the northern side and in the south eastern corner was a hazel coppice (Corylus avellana). The understorey comprised of bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum), snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), ivy (Hedera helix), holly (Ilex aquifolium) and some bramble (Rubus fruticosus). The woodland was dominated by a large mature oak tree (Quercus robur) in the north eastern corner and goat willow (Salix caprea) was more frequent along the eastern boundary. Herbaceous plants and tall ruderal vegetation had established along the woodland edge with plant species such as common nettle (Urtica dioica), cleavers (Galium aparine), field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis), lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum), oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), white dead-nettle (Lamium album), germander speedwell (Veronica chameadrys), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens) and garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) (Photograph 3). 5 The woodland widened and was more open and typical of a hazel coppice (Corylus avellana) habitat. Bryophytes were more abundant and there were moss covered log piles on the woodland floor. Open patches allowed grasses to establish such as perennial rye- grass (Lolium perenne) and herbaceous plants grow such as garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), tufted vetch (Vicia cracca), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens) and common chickweed (Stellaria media) (Photograph 4). 6 Intact hedgerow comprising of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). At the base of the hedgerow grasses had grown long and several herbaceous plants typical of shady, damp conditions had established such as lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis) and great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) 7 Mammal path led through the ditch next to a fallen lime tree (Tilia x europaea) from the field to the west. 8 Two old mammal burrows. 9 Thin strip of oak (Quercus robur) woodland. The oak trees (Quercus robur) were mature with a thick understorey of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), holly (Ilex aquifolium), field maple (Acer campestre), elder (Sambucus nigra), apple sp. (Malus sp.) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). The woodland floor was dominated by ivy (Hedera helix) and bramble (Rubus fruticosus). The open patches were frequent with greater stitchwort (Stellaria media), cleavers (Galium aparine), bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), germander speedwell (Veronica chameadrys), Herb-Robert (Geranium robertianum), hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica), common vetch (Vicia sativa) and wood false brome (). 10 Dry ditch with Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) established amongst other herbaceous plants such as hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria) and great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) 11 Drain 12 Short amenity grassland dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) and annual meadow grass (Poa annua), both widespread common grasses typical of amenity grassland. Occasional patches of cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) persisted in the sward and herbaceous plants were frequent amongst the grassland such as white clover (Trifolium repens), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) and the occasional cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa)

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 40 - 13 Uncut grassland amongst the crab apple trees (Malus sylvestris) and more grass species and herbaceous plant species had established typical of shady, damp conditions. The grassland was dominated by rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis) with the occasional patch of cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) carpeted the majority of the ground. Other herbaceous plants include common dog-violet (Viola riviniana), field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis), germander speedwell (Veronica chameadrys), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria) and creeping jenny (Lysimachia nummularia) (Photograph 10). 14 Area dominated by thick bramble with the occasional patch of grass and herbaceous plants such as brome sp. (Bromus sp.), perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata), common bent (Agrostis tenuis), periwinkle (Vinca sp.), dandelion (Taraxacum agg.), herb Robert (Geranium robertianum), common vetch (Vicia sativa) and garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) (Photograph 11). 15 Defunct hedgerow with a dry ditch beyond. The hedgerow comprised of oak (Quercus robur), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), field maple (Acer campestre), crab apple (Malus sylvestris), hazel (Corylus avellana) and holly (Ilex aquifolium). At the hedgerow base dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), cleavers (Galium aparine), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), germander speedwell (Veronica chameadrys), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis) had established. The grass species had grown long such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and wood brome () 16 Intact hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) hedgerow with the occasional blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), oak (Quercus robur), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and cherry trees (Prunus sp.) along the boundary. At the hedgerow base barren brome (Bromus sterilis), common nettle (Urtica dioica), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) and garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) had grown tall with the occasional patch of common vetch (Vicia sativa) and lords-and- ladies (Arum maculatum) (Photograph 12). 17 A mammal hole in the dry ditch amongst the holly possibly badger or fox

Target notes for Phase 1 site plan (B) Comments 1 Short amenity grassland dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and red fescue (Festuca rubra), widespread common grasses typical of amenity grassland. Herbaceous plants were frequent amongst the grassland such as white clover (Trifolium repens), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), thyme-leaved speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) 2 Pockets Copse predominantly a hazel coppice (Corylus avellana) and at the time of the survey there was a carpet of bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta). Amongst the hazel (Corylus avellana) there was oak (Quercus robur), elm (Ulmus procera) and downy birch (Betula pubescens). Other than bluebells, the woodland ground flora consisted of ground- ivy (Glechoma hederacea), yellow archangel (Lamiastrum galeobdolon), common chickweed (Stellaria media), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), ivy-leaved speedwell (Veronica hederifolia), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria) and patches of wood millet (Milium effusum). Male fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) and buckler fern (Dryopteris sp.) were coming through alongside the woodland path. 3 Intact hedgerow predominantly comprised of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with other species such as elm (Ulmus procera), elder (Sambucus nigra), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and the occasional ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and oak tree (Quercus robur). The base of the hedgerow had grass species such as cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata), rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) and herbaceous plants such as herb Robert (Geranium robertianum), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), wood avens (Geum urbanum), white clover (Trifolium repens), common vetch (Vicia sativa), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis) and meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), all left unmanaged and grown tall. Some tall ruderal vegetation was amid the sward such as common nettle (Urtica dioica), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) and white dead-nettle (Lamium album). 4 Two ponds either side of the footpath likely to be fed by the drain running through site 28. These were both shaded ponds surrounded by crack willow (Salix) and field maple trees (Acer campestre) 5 Blackman’s Copse predominantly a hazel coppice (Corylus avellana) and at the time of the survey there was a carpet of bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta). Amongst the hazel John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 41 - (Corylus avellana) there were patches of silver birch (Betula pendula), oak (Quercus robur), downy birch (Betula pubescens) and a guelder rose (Viburnum opulus). Other than bluebells, the woodland ground flora consisted of yellow archangel (Lamiastrum galeobdolon), common chickweed (Stellaria media), foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), lords- and-ladies (Arum maculatum) and male fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) (Photograph 14). 6 Intact hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) hedgerow. 7 Line of trees growing along the grass verge by the roadside. The tree species included sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), apple sp. (Malus sp.), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), oak (Quercus robur), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), Norway maple (Acer platanoides) and silver birch (Betula pendula). 8 Woodland pond shaded by the surrounding trees, one of which was a wild-service tree (Sorbus torminalis). 9 Large badger sett in Blackman’s Copse, one badger sett entrance was under the southern fence boundary of the woodland (Photograph 15).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 42 -

APPENDIX 5 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY Plant common name Scientific name Annual meadow grass Poa annua Apple Malus sp. Ash Fraxinus excelsior Barren brome Bromus sterilis Beech Fagus sylvatica Black knapweed Centaurea nigra Black medick Medicago lupulina Blackthorn Prunus spinosa Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Bristly oxtongue Picris echioides Broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius Buckler fern Dryopteris sp. Bugle Ajuga reptans Cat’s-ear Hypochaeris radicata Cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus Cherry sp. Prunus sp. Cleavers Galium aparine Cock’s-foot Dactylis glomerata Common bent Agrostis tenuis Common bird’s-foot-trefoil Lotus corniculatus Common chickweed Stellaria media Common dog-violet Viola riviniana Common field speedwell Veronica persica Common mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum Common nettle Urtica dioica Common ragwort Senecio jacobaea Common sorrel Rumex acetosa Common vetch Vicia sativa Cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris Crack willow Salix fragilis Crab apple Malus sylvestris Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens Creeping jenny Lysimachia nummularia Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis Curled dock Rumex crispus Daffodil Narcissus pseudo narcissus Daisy Bellis perennis Dandelion Taraxacum officinale agg. Dog-rose Rosa canina agg. Dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis Dove’s-foot crane’s-bill Geranium molle Downy birch Betula pubescens Elder Sambucus nigra English elm Ulmus procera False oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius Field bindweed Convolvulus arvensis Field forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis Field horsetail Equisetum arvense Field maple Acer campestre Field wood rush Luzula campestris Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Germander speedwell Veronica chameadrys Giant fescue Festuca gigantea Goat willow Salix caprea Great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum Greater plantain Plantago major Greater stitchwort Stellaria holostea John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 43 - Green alkanet Pentaglottis sempervirens Ground elder Aegopodium podagraria Ground ivy Glechoma hederacea Guelder rose Viburnum opulus Hairy brome Bromus ramosus Hawkweed Hieracium sp. Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Hazel Corylus avellana Hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale Hedge woundwort Stachys sylvatica Hemlock water dropwort Conium maculatum Herb Robert Geranium robertianum Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium Holly Ilex aquifolium Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum Hornbeam Carpinus betulus Ivy Hedera helix Ivy-leaved speedwell Veronica hederifolia Lesser burdock Arctium minus Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria Lesser stitchwort Stellaria graminea Lesser water-parsnip Berula erecta Lime Tilia x europaea Lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum Mahonia Mahonia sp. Male fern Dryopteris filix-mas Meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris Meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis Meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis Norway maple Acer platanoides Oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Pedunculate oak Quercus robur Perennial rye grass Lolium perenne Perforate St John’s wort Hypericum perforatum Periwinkle Vinca sp. Pignut Conopodium majus Pineappleweed Matricaria discoidea Primrose Primula vulgaris Red clover Trifolium pratense Red dead-nettle Lamium purpureum Red fescue Festuca rubra Rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum Ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata Rough meadow grass Poa trivialis Scarlet pimpernel Anagallis arvensis Sheep’s sorrel Rumex acetosella Shepherd’s purse Capsella bursa-pastoris Silver birch Betula pendula Smooth meadow grass Poa pratensis Snowberry Symphoricarpos albus Soft brome Bromus hordeaceus Soft rush Juncus effuses Spear thistle Cirsium vulgare Sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Thyme-leaved speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia Tufted vetch Vicia cracca Wall barley Hordeum murinum Wavy bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa White campion Silene latifolia White clover Trifolium repens White dead-nettle Lamium album Wild cherry Prunus avium

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Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 44 - Wild service-tree Sorbus torminalis Wood avens Geum urbanum Wood millet Milium effusum Yarrow Achillea millefolium Yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 19/07/2010

Broad Area 4, W Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 45 -

Phase 1 Ecological Survey

Site Allocation Development Plan Document Bracknell Forest Borough Council

Broad Area 5: SHLAA Sites within East Binfield

June 2010

100 New Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, Berkshire, RG45 6JP Telephone/Fax: 01344 780785 Mobile: 07979 403099 E-mail: [email protected] www.wenman-ecology.co.uk

1 SUMMARY...... 3

2 INTRODUCTION...... 5

3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES ...... 7

4 POLICY BACKGROUND ...... 11

5 SURVEY METHOD ...... 12

6 SURVEY FINDINGS...... 13

7 DISCUSSION ...... 20

8 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 23

9 REFERENCES...... 25

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN...... 26

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 27

APPENDIX 3 TARGET NOTES ...... 29

APPENDIX 4 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY ...... 30

1 SUMMARY

1.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy Company LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites and adjoining land within Broad Area 5 of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document.

1.1.2 The survey site covered a total area of 91.7 hectares in east Binfield, Berkshire and largely comprised regularly mown amenity grassland with hedgerows, scattered trees and a network of ponds and wet ditches.

1.1.3 The Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre’s database has few records of legally protected or notable species within Broad Area 5 with records being limited to those of three notable bird species.

1.1.4 The most abundant habitat within the Broad Area was amenity grassland and this was of no special ecological importance. The linear and wetland habitats within the Broad Area i.e. the hedgerows and associated taller grassland, ponds and ditches are likely to act as the key ecological resources and are considered to be at least of site level ecological value.

1.1.5 The hedgerows and tall grassland of site 98 offer potential terrestrial commuting habitat for the legally protected species: great crested newt (Triturus cristatus), and the network of wet ditches and ponds offer potential commuting and breeding habitat also. Great crested newts have been recorded previously within ponds less1 kilometre to the north of the Broad Area and therefore a survey of all the ponds in the Broad Area and within 500 metres of it is recommended to assess the importance of the site for this species. The hedgerows and taller grassland have potential for other key groups such as reptiles, birds and bats, and further survey for these groups is recommended to establish the ecological value of these areas for these groups.

1.1.6 The ponds and ditches within the Broad Area may support water vole (Arvicola amphibius) and therefore a survey of the network of ponds and ditches throughout site 98 and the stream along the eastern boundary of site 99 is recommended.

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 3 - 1.1.7 The trees on site and the buildings of the Blue Mountain Golf Clubhouse, Newbold College, residential properties on the western side of the site and the garden centre buildings may offer potential habitat for roosting bats and therefore bat surveys of these features are recommended.

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 4 - 2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Background

2.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites in east Binfield, Berkshire: Site 98 – Blue Mountain Golf Course, site 99 – Wyevale garden centre and site 90 - Land north of Tilehurst Road, and adjoining land within Broad Area 5 of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document.

2.1.2 The survey was commissioned in connection with the preparation of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document for Bracknell Forest Borough.

2.2 Site location and context

2.2.1 Site 90 covers an area of approximately 6.9 hectares north of Tilehurst Road and west of Church Lane in east Binfield (OS grid reference SU849713). The site is located immediately to the north of a residential area, south of a large agricultural field, south west of the land and buildings at Stable Cottage and Binfield Park and west of site 99.

2.2.2 Site 99 covers an area of approximately 3.4 hectares north of Tilehurst Road and east of Church Lane in east Binfield (OS grid reference SU852712). The site – a garden centre with surrounding fields - is located immediately to the north of the lakes at Binfield Manor, south of Park Cottage and the fields beyond, north east of site 98 and west of a square of woodland and further agricultural fields beyond. A wet ditch runs northwards forming the eastern boundary and the River Cut runs parallel to it further to the east.

2.2.3 Site 98 covers an area of approximately 59.5 hectares south of Forest Road and north west of Temple Way in east Binfield (OS grid reference SU850706). The site – the Blue Mountain Golf Course – is located immediately to the north west of a large residential area that is on the north western outskirts of Bracknell, west of Binfield Manor and its lake, south of a residential area along Forest Road and east of the grounds of Newbold College, Binfield Hall and Pope’s Wood. John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 20/07/2010

Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 5 - 2.2.4 Site 20 covers an area of approximately 0.7 hectares north west of Temple Way in east Binfield (OS grid reference SU850700). The site is located north west of a large residential area that is on the north western outskirts of Bracknell, south of site 98 and west of the land at Pope’s wood. Access to this land for surveying was not available.

2.2.5 The remainder of the Broad Area comprises the land associated with Binfield Hall, Newbold College and Pope’s Wood, all to the west of site 98 and to the east of Terrace Road South and Popeswood Road.

2.3 Report format

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 6 - 3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES

3.1 Amphibians

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a great crested newt;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a great crested newt;

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a great crested newt;

3.2 Bats

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a bat;

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 7 - • Deliberately, intentionally or recklessly disturb bats; in particular any disturbance which is likely to impair the ability of bats to survive, breed or reproduce or nurture their young; or in the case of hibernating or migrating bats, to hibernate or migrate; or to affect significantly the local distribution or abundance of the species;

• Deliberately kill, injure or take any bat.

3.3 Badgers

3.4 Birds

3.4.2 Rarer bird species, such as the barn owl and kingfisher, are listed on Schedule 1 of the Act, which makes it an offence to disturb the birds whilst nesting also.

3.5 Dormice

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a dormouse;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a dormouse;

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 20/07/2010

Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 8 - • Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a dormouse;

3.6 Reptiles

3.6.1 The four widespread reptiles most likely to be encountered (Adder, grass snake, slow worm and viviparous lizard) are protected under the Wildlife &

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 20/07/2010

Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 9 - Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The Act makes it an offence to intentionally kill, injure, possess or sell any of the species.

3.7 Water voles

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 10 - 4 POLICY BACKGROUND

4.1 National planning policy

4.2 Local wildlife and planning policy

4.2.4 Sites of importance for wildlife in Berkshire are referred to as Local Wildlife Sites (LWS). Designated LWS are assessed against set criteria agreed by the Berkshire Nature Conservation Forum.

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 11 - 5 SURVEY METHOD

5.1.1 A walkover survey of sites 98 and 99 was undertaken on the 26th April 2010. During the survey the habitats present were noted and plotted on site plans (Appendix 1) using definitions based on the standard phase 1 ecological survey definitions (JNCC 2007). Key features of the site were photographed (Appendix 2) and plotted on the site plan using target notes (Appendix 3).

5.1.3 The habitats of those sites within Broad Area 5 without access to undertake a walkover survey: site 90, site 20 and land associated with Binfield Hall, Newbold College and Pope’s wood, were identified using aerial photography on Google Earth and Ordnance Survey mapping. It must be noted that these areas have only brief and general habitat descriptions denoted from aerial photography; a walkover survey of these areas is recommended.

5.2 Biological records search

5.3 Survey constraints

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 12 - 6 SURVEY FINDINGS

6.1 Site overview

6.1.1 Site 98 was a golf course comprised of primarily of amenity grassland with a network of 11 ponds linked by wet ditches, areas of taller, poor semi- improved grassland and scattered trees. The golf course clubhouse was positioned in the centre of the site and had interlocking roof tiles on a hipped roof with gable ends (Photograph 1; Target note 1). There were two fields grazed by horses to the north and north west of the site. A fence and hedgerow formed the site boundaries.

6.2 Habitats

6.2.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were recorded during the survey of site 98: amenity grassland; poor semi-improved grassland; improved grassland; intact hedgerow; scattered trees; wet ditches and ponds.

6.2.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution is shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.3 Amenity grassland

6.3.1 The majority of the site comprised regularly mown amenity grassland typical of golf course fairways and greens with few herbaceous plants and a sward dominated by common, widespread grasses such as perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata). Occasional herbaceous plants such as white clover (Trifolium repens), daisy (Bellis perennis), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) were present amongst the sward (Photograph 2; Target note 2).

6.4 Poor semi-improved grassland

6.4.1 Areas of grassland in the ‘rough’ around the scattered trees were less frequently cut than the adjacent fairways and left to grow taller. The sward in these areas was dominated by perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red fescue (Festuca rubra), false oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius), rough meadow-grass (Poa trivialis) and cock’s-foot

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 13 - (Dactylis glomerata). A greater diversity of herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward in comparison to the fairways, some in abundance, such as white clover (Trifolium repens), meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), tufted vetch (Vicia cracca), common vetch (Vicia sativa), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), dove’s-foot crane’s- bill (Geranium molle), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), wavy bitter- cress (Cardamine flexuosa) and bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) (Photograph 3; Target note 3).

6.4.2 The poor semi-improved grassland around the pond in the north eastern corner of the site was dominated by rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis) and herbaceous plants such as colt’s foot (Tussilago farfara), great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans) and black medick (Medicago lupulina) (Target note 4).

6.5 Improved grassland

6.5.1 The fields in the north western corner, and to the north of the golf course, were grazed by horses, and the grassland was dominated by short grasses such as red fescue (Festuca rubra), perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) and creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera). Herbaceous and tall ruderal plants had established in dense patches such as black knapweed (Centaurea nigra), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris) and occasional ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), field horsetail (Equisetum arvense), white clover (Trifolium repens), common nettle (Urtica dioica) and Canadian fleabane (Conyza canadensis) (Target note 5).

6.6 Intact hedge

6.6.1 The hedgerow that formed the site boundaries was composed predominantly of native woody species with abundant hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). The hedgerow had occasional trees such as oak (Quercus robur) and other native species such as field maple (Acer campestre) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior). The hedgerow along the northern boundary in the north western corner was dominated by non-native garden shrubs such as berberris (Berberris sp.), John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 20/07/2010

Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 14 - garden privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium) and cypress trees (Cupressocyparis leylandii) (Target note 7).

6.7 Scattered trees

6.7.1 Trees were scattered throughout the golf course in patches and the species recorded included silver birch (Betula pendula), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), elm (Ulmus procera), cherry (Prunus sp.), alder (Alnus glutinosa), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), field maple (Acer campestre), elder (Sambucus nigra) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa). There was a stand of semi-mature oak trees (Quercus robur) in the north eastern corner just to the south of the pond (Target note 8).

6.8 Wet ditches/pond network

6.8.1 Wet ditches linked up the ponds on site, the majority running from west to east. The marginal vegetation around the ponds was dominated by bulrushes (Typha Latifolia) with patches of soft rush (Juncus effusus), water mint (Mentha aquatica), pendulous sedge (Carex pendula) and remote sedge (Carex remota) visible. Along the ditches, lesser water parsnip (Berula erecta) dominated with frequent patches of great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) and hemlock water dropwort (Conium maculatum). Tall ruderal vegetation, such as common nettle (Urtica dioica) and spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), grew along parts of the ditches also (Photographs 5 & 6; Target note 9).

6.9 Fauna

6.9.1 During the survey, moorhens (Gallinula chloropus) and mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were seen on the ponds. A green woodpecker (Picus viridis) was heard and seen in the trees along the eastern boundary and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were grazing on the grassland on the eastern side of the site.

6.10 Site overview

6.10.1 Site 99 consisted of a large area of hard standing comprising the car park and garden centre buildings (Target note 10). There was a small area of amenity grassland to the west of the garden centre building (Target note 11). Beyond a brick wall along the northern boundary there was an area of

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 20/07/2010

Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 15 - dense scrub that ran along the northern and eastern boundary (Target note 12). An ivy-covered (Hedera helix) wooden shed with a corrugated roof lined with bitumen felt was positioned against the brick wall amongst the scrub (Photograph 7).

6.11 Habitats

6.11.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 99: amenity grassland, dense scrub, intact hedgerow and stream.

6.11.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution is shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.12 Amenity grassland

6.12.1 The square of amenity grassland that was regularly mown short was dominated by common, widespread grasses such as perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants within the sward included creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), daisy (Bellis perenne), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata). Along the edges of the grassland the herbaceous plants had grown taller and were more diverse with examples of red dead-nettle (Lamium purpureum), spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), wavy bitter-cress (Cardamine flexuosa), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), dove’s-foot crane’s-bill (Geranium molle) and germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) (Photograph 6; Target note 11).

6.13 Dense scrub

6.13.1 The ‘L-shaped’ area beyond the brick wall along the northern and eastern boundaries of the site was covered with dense scrub. Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) dominated the area with frequent common nettles (Urtica dioica) and the occasional herbaceous plants such as cleavers (Galium aparine), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum), spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), hogweed

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 16 - (Heracleum sphondylium), cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis) and patches of cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata) (Photograph 7; Target note 12).

6.14 Intact hedgerow

6.14.1 Separating the dense scrub from the fields beyond on the northern and eastern boundary was a thick hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) hedgerow with the occasional elder (Sambucus nigra), yew (Taxus baccata), crab apple (Malus sylvestris) and elm tree (Ulma procera) (Target note 13). At the north eastern corner of the hedgerow there was a mature lime tree (Tilia x europaeus) with a hole in the base (Target note 14).

6.15 Stream

6.15.1 Beyond the hawthorn hedgerow on the eastern boundary there was a stream that ran just the length of the hedgerow and was likely to be connected to the lake and River Cut to the east (Target note 15).

6.16 Fauna

6.16.1 Just in front of the lime tree (Tilia x europeaus) in the north eastern corner there was a fresh badger latrine (Meles meles) (Target note 14).

6.17 Remainder of Broad Area 5 overview

6.17.1 Site 90, site 20 and the land associated with Binfield Hall, Newbold College, Pope’s Wood and Park Farm form the remaining area of Broad Area 5. The majority of this land is amenity grassland and there is a pond at Park Farm. The two fields to the east and west of site 99 were not surveyed also.

6.18 Existing data search

6.18.1 The Binfield Badger Group holds three records of badgers; one at SU847696 in Popeswood from 1994, one at SU853703 at Bryony Copse from 1990 and a badger sett at SU849697 on London Road.

6.18.2 The Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat Group’s database holds records of Noctule bats (Nyctalus noctula) at Binfield Manor only 230 metres to the east of site 98 and at Bracknell Sewage Treatment Works, 750 metres to the north east of site 99. There are records of pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus sp.) in the field south of Ryehurst Farm only 50 metres north

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 17 - east from site 99 and 1300 metres to the east of the Broad Area. Also there are brown long-eared (Plecotus auritus) records in the Priestwood area approximately 820 metres to the south east of site 98 and 1300 metres to the east of the Broad Area.

6.18.3 The search of the Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre’s database revealed records of the birds: green woodpecker (Picus viridis); kestrel (Falco tinnunculus); and red kite (Milvus milvus) from within the Broad Area. The records of the green woodpecker and red kite were for Newbold College on the western side of the Broad Area. A red kite was also seen flying over Blue Mountain Golf Course and a kestrel was seen hovering over the Wyevale Garden Centre, i.e. site 99, in the Broad Area.

6.18.4 Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre search revealed a large number of records within 1 kilometre of the entire area surveyed. Within the 1 kilometre square in which the site lies, but outside the Broad Area itself, there are records of mammals such as the water vole (Arvicola amphibius), brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus), noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula) and pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus sp.) and birds such as the barn owl (Tyto alba), skylark (Alauda arvensis), kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), hobby (Falco subbuteo) and bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula). There are records of reptiles and amphibians such as the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus), the smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), common frog (Rana temporaria), common toad (Bufo bufo), grass snake (Natrix natrix) and invertebrates such as the stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) and small heath butterfly (Coenonympha pamphilus).

6.18.5 Breeding great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) and smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris) have been found in ponds off Hazelwood Lane at the Bracknell Sewage Treatment Works and Jubilee Pond at Wicks Green; both approximately 700-800 metres from the Broad Area.

6.18.6 There are records of common frogs (Rana temporaria) at the pond in Popeswood and the pond at Bracknell Sewage Treatment Works and common toads (Bufo bufo) at Jubilee pond. Grass snakes (Natrix natrix) have also been recorded at Popes Meadow.

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 18 - 6.18.7 There are several bird records from Bracknell Sewage Treatment Works also and these include a willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus) in 2005, six separate records of whitethroats (Sylvia communis) totalling 13 individuals in 2005, 8 separate records of swallows (Hirundo rustica) in 2005 and a record of 2 skylarks (Alauda arvensis) in 2005.

6.18.8 Within 1 kilometre of the centre of Broad Area 5, outside the site boundaries, there are six designated sites of wildlife importance (Jocks Copse, Farley Copse, Temple Copse, Tinkers Copse and Wykery Copse). They are all designated Local Wildlife Sites and Local Nature Reserves and Wykery Copse is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) situated just under 200 metres to the south of the Broad Area beyond the A329 (M). Popes Meadow – a Local Wildlife Site - has a meadow, pond and copse and is a public park receiving the Green Flag award since 2001 – a national standard set for the quality of public parks.

6.18.9 Farley Copse is a remnant of the once extensive woodland habitat of the area approximately 450 metres to the east of the Broad Area. Temple Copse, Tinkers Copse and Jocks Copse (known as the three Copses) are small isolated ancient woodland copses just south east of the Broad Area. Specimens of the local Biodiversity Action Plan species, wild service tree can be seen in Temple and Tinker's Copse.

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 19 - 7 DISCUSSION

7.1 Assessment of existing ecological value

Grassland

7.1.1 The most abundant habitat type encountered within Broad Area 5 was amenity grassland. The swards recorded were dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance typical of intensively managed land. The majority of the grassland had a uniformly short sward offering very restricted foraging or sheltering opportunities for key fauna of conservation importance that can be associated with grassland habitats such as reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates for example.

7.1.2 The areas of grassland with taller swards forming areas of rough on the golf course had a greater diversity of species and structurally offered potential cover and foraging opportunities for groups such as invertebrates, small mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians and in conjunction with other linear habitats such as hedgerows and ditches, are likely to function as wildlife corridors and overall were considered to be some ecological value at the site level.

7.1.3 Dense scrub

7.1.4 The small areas of scrub within Site 99 were of limited size and were dominated by widespread ruderal plant species of no conservation importance. The dense scrub around the edges of site 99 has some limited potential to provide cover and foraging habitat for key groups, such as reptiles and amphibians, but is unlikely to be of high importance to local populations.

Linear habitat features – hedgerows & watercourses

7.1.5 The thick hedgerows supporting a range of native woody species, and the associated mature trees, are considered to be of local ecological value at the site level as they provide a wildlife corridor for key faunal groups such as birds, bats, reptiles, amphibians and small mammals and are likely to act as a focus for biodiversity offering foraging, shelter and breeding

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 20 - opportunities for a range of key national and local conservation priority species as follows:

7.1.6 Amphibians such as the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) – a European Protected Species - may use the hedgerows as corridors to suitable breeding ponds and hibernation sites and as foraging areas. The site supports eleven ponds that could be suitable for breeding amphibians and the network of associated terrestrial habitats and presence of great crested newts in ponds within 1 kilometre of the site increases the likelihood of their presence; further survey would be necessary to establish their presence or absence and fully establish the importance of the survey area if present (refer to Section 8).

7.1.7 Hedgerows provide good foraging habitats for bats with the mature oak trees in the hedgerows on site offering potential crevices for roosting bats also. The network of wetland habitats contribute to the site’s potential value to foraging bats (further survey would be required to assess fully the site’s value for bats (refer to Section 8). Bases of hedgerows are also potential hibernation sites for reptiles and hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and may be used by dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) where linked to suitable woodland habitats – the likelihood of the presence of dormice within the hedgerows of Broad Area 5 due to the absence of suitable woodland is considered to be low.

7.1.8 In relation to the Bracknell Forest Borough Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) the linear features on site, i.e. wet ditches and hedgerows, have the potential to support associated local BAP Species. Amphibians such as the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) – a European Protected Species - may use the features as corridors to suitable breeding ponds and hibernation sites. Local BAP bird species such as the bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) use thick hedgerows like those on site for feeding and nesting. Records of bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) dating 2005 identify them using land at Bracknell Sewage Treatment Works. Barn owls (Tyto alba) – protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 – will use the longer grass established at the edge of fields and hedgerows for hunting small mammals and the mature trees in the hedgerows as perches and possible nesting opportunities. There is a barn owl (Tyto alba) record dating 2004 using the land at Bracknell Sewage Treatment Works. John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 20/07/2010

Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 21 - 7.1.9 The wet ditches running through site 98 and the stream on the eastern boundary of site 99 support a range of relatively widespread aquatic plants of no special ecological importance, but at the site level they are likely to be of value for invertebrates particularly, diversifying otherwise often uniform grassland habitats. Furthermore, the wet ditches and ponds on site 98, and the stream on site 99 could potentially be used by water voles (Arvicola amphibius), either as a site for burrows or for feeding; water voles have been found previously at Bracknell Sewage Treatment Works in 1999.

Waterbodies

7.1.10 The eleven ponds on site 98 and the pond at Park Farm support a range of relatively widespread aquatic plants species and are likely to be of value of to a range of aquatic invertebrates also. Furthermore they could all potentially be breeding sites for great crested newts and other amphibians and overall are considered to be of ecological value at the site level.

Buildings

7.1.11 Blue Mountain golf clubhouse, Binfield Hall, Newbold College, Park Farm and buildings at Pope’s wood all may have opportunities for nesting birds and roosting bats and further survey would be required to establish the presence or absence of these and if present, to asses their value (refer to Section 8).

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 22 - 8 RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Phase 2 ecological survey

8.1.1 The hedgerows and patches of poor semi-improved grassland on site 98 have the potential to support reptiles. A survey for the presence of reptiles should be carried out and should comprise a minimum of seven survey visits to check artificial refugia set out on the site in advance; surveys can be carried out in suitable conditions between March and October, but are most profitable when carried out in April, May and September (Froglife 1999).

8.1.2 A survey of all ponds within a 500 metre radius, and the twelve ponds in the Broad Area for great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) should be carried out to assess the value of the site for this species. Ordnance Survey mapping indicates that there are ten potential breeding ponds within 500 metres of the Broad Area, one of these is known as a breeding pond from records and there are twelve potential breeding ponds on site. Areas on site such as the hedgerows and wet ditches are considered to be suitable habitat for great crested newts, and newts are known to range within at least a 500m radius from their ponds. Further survey should be undertaken for this species following standard survey guidelines i.e. four survey visits to each pond between mid March and mid June with at least two carried out between mid April and mid May (English Nature 2001).

8.1.3 A water vole (Arvicola amphibius) survey of the ponds, ditches and streams in the Broad Area should be carried out and this should involve a visual assessment of the stream for water vole signs such as feeding signs, burrows, droppings, latrines, footprints, grazing lawns, runways and direct sightings. The survey should also encompass a section of the stream along the eastern boundary of site 99.

8.1.4 A bat survey of the buildings in Broad Area 5 and the mature trees in the hedgerows and fields is required to assess fully their potential to support roosting bats. If features of potential for roosting bats are recorded, further survey to confirm the presence or absence of bats should take place, consisting of evening emergence surveys supported by dawn re-entry surveys carried out with the aid of bat detectors. Emergence surveys

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 23 - should be carried out between May and September. The overall value of the site for foraging and commuting bats should be assessed by undertaking a bat activity survey in Broad Area 5, focusing on linear features such as hedgerows.

8.1.5 A breeding bird survey of the habitats within Broad Area 5 should be undertaken to determine the bird species using the sites and the importance of the habitats. The survey should be based on the methods of the British Trust for Ornithology’s Common Bird Census.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 20/07/2010

Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 24 - 9 REFERENCES

Bat Conservation Trust (2007). Bat Surveys – Good Practice Guidelines. Bat Conservation Trust, London.

Gent, T. & Gibson, S. (2003). Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual. JNCC, Peterborough.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) (2007). Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey – A technique for environmental audit. JNCC, Peterborough.

Langton, T. E. S., Beckett, C. L. & Foster, J.P. (2001). Great crested newt conservation handbook. Froglife, Halesworth.

Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & McLeish, A. P. (2004). Bat Workers’ Manual (3RD Edition). JNCC, Peterborough.

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 25 -

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 26 -

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

1. The Blue Mountain golf course building on site 2. The amenity grassland on site 98 98.

3. The poor semi-improved grassland on site 98. 4. One of the wet ditches on site 98.

5. One of the ponds on site 98. 6. The amenity grassland on site 99.

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 27 -

7. The dense scrub on site 99. 8. The lime tree in the north eastern corner of site 99.

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 28 -

APPENDIX 3 TARGET NOTES

Comments 1 Golf course clubhouse. 2 Amenity grassland typical of a golf course with few herbaceous plants and dominated by common, widespread grasses such as perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata). Occasional herbaceous plants such as white clover (Trifolium repens), daisy (Bellis perennis), dandelion (Taraxacum agg.) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) were amongst the sward (Photograph 2). 3 Poor semi-improved grassland in the ‘rough’ around the scattered trees. It was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red fescue (Festuca rubra), false oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius), rough meadow-grass (Poa trivialis) and cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as white clover (Trifolium repens), meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), tufted vetch (Vicia cracca), common vetch (Vicia sativa), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), dove’s-foot crane’s-bill (Geranium molle), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), wavy bittercress (Cardamine flexuosa) and bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) (Photograph 3). 4 Poor semi-improved grassland dominated by rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis) and herbaceous plants such as colt’s foot (Tussilago farfara), great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans) and black medick (Medicago lupulina). 5 Field grazed by horses dominated by short grasses such as red fescue (Festuca rubra), perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) and creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera). Herbaceous and tall ruderal plants had established in dense patches such as black knapweed (Centaurea nigra), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolium), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris) and occasional ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata), dandelion (Taraxacum agg.), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), field horsetail (Equisetum arvense), white clover (Trifolium repens), common nettle (Urtica dioica) and Canadian fleabane (Conyza canadensis). 6 Hedgerow dominated by non-native garden shrubs such as berberris (Berberris sp.), privet (Ligustrum sp.) and cypress trees (Cupressocyparis leylandii). 7 Stand of semi-mature oak trees (Quercus robur). 8 Wet ditches linked the 10 ponds on site. The ponds were dominated by bulrushes (Typha Latifolia) with patches of soft rush (Juncus effusus), water mint (Mentha aquatica), pendulous sedge (Carex pendula) and remote sedge (Carex remota). Along the ditches, lesser water parsnip (Berula erecta) dominated with great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum) and hemlock water dropwort (Conium maculatum). Tall ruderal vegetation grew along parts of the ditch such as common nettle (Urtica dioica) and spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare) (Photographs 5 & 6) 9 Large area of hard standing comprising the car park and garden centre buildings. 10 Amenity grassland regularly mown short dominated by common, widespread grasses such as perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants established within the sward included creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), daisy (Bellis perenne), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), dandelion (Taraxacum agg.), common mouse-ear (Cardamine flexuosa) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata). Along the edges of the grassland the herbaceous plants had grown taller and were more diverse with examples of red dead- nettle (Lamium purperum), spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), wavy bittercress (Cerastium fontanum), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), dove’s-foot crane’s-bill (Geranium molle) and germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) (Photograph 6). 11 Dense scrub. Bramble (Rubus fruticosus) dominated the area with frequent common nettles (Urtica dioica) and the occasional herbaceous plants such as cleavers (Galium aparine), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum), spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis) and patches of cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata) (Photograph 7). 12 Thick hedgerow of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with the occasional elder (Sambucus nigra), yew (Taxus baccata), crab apple (Malus sylvestris) and elm tree (Ulma procera) 13 Lime tree with a badger latrine infront. 14 Wet ditch runs just the length of the hedgerow and is likely to be connected to the lake and River Cut to the east.

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 29 -

APPENDIX 4 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY Plant common name Scientific name Alder Alnus glutinosa Annual meadow grass Poa annua Ash Fraxinus excelsior Bay laurel Laurus nobilis Berberris Berberris sp. Black knapweed Centaurea nigra Black medick Medicago lupulina Blackthorn Prunus spinosa Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius Bulrush Typha latifolia Cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus Cherry sp. Prunus sp. Cleavers Galium aparine Cock’s-foot Dactylis glomerata Colt’s foot Tussilago farfara Common bent Agrostis tenuis Common bird’s-foot-trefoil Lotus corniculatus Common field speedwell Veronica persica Common mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum Common nettle Urtica dioica Common ragwort Senecio jacobaea Common vetch Vicia sativa Cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris Crack willow Salix fragilis Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens Creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis Daffodil Narcissus pseudo narcissus Daisy Bellis perennis Dandelion Taraxacum officinale agg. Dogwood Cornus sanguinea Dove’s-foot crane’s-bill Geranium molle Downy birch Betula pubescens Elder Sambucus nigra English elm Ulmus procera Eucalyptus Eucalyptus sp. False oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius Field horsetail Equisetum arvense Field maple Acer campestre Garden privet Ligustrum ovalifolium Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Germander speedwell Veronica chamaedrys Goat willow Salix caprea Gorse Ulex europaeus Great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum Greater plantain Plantago major Greater stitchwort Stellaria holostea Goat willow Salix caprea Ground elder Aegopodium podagraria Ground ivy Glechoma hederacea Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Hemlock water dropwort Conium maculatum Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium Holly Ilex aquifolium Horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Ivy Hedera helix Lavender Lavandula sp. John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 20/07/2010

Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 30 - Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria Lesser water-parsnip Berula erecta Leyland cypress Cupressocyparis leylandii Lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum Meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris Meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis Meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis Pedunculate oak Quercus robur Pendulous sedge Carex pendula Perennial rye grass Lolium perenne Perforate St John’s wort Hypericum perforatum Periwinkle Vinca sp. Poplar Populus sp. Red clover Trifolium pratense Red dead-nettle Lamium purpureum Red fescue Festuca rubra Remote sedge Carex remota Ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata Rough meadow grass Poa trivialis Rowan Sorbus aucuparia Silver birch Betula pendula Smooth meadow grass Poa pratensis Soft rush Juncus effuses Spear thistle Cirsium vulgare Sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Tufted vetch Vicia cracca Wall barley Hordeum murinum Water mint Mentha aquatica Wavy bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa White clover Trifolium repens Wild cherry Prunus avium Yarrow Achillea millefolium Yew Taxus baccata Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus

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Broad Area 5, E Binfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 31 -

Phase 1 Ecological Survey

Site Allocation Development Plan Document Bracknell Forest Borough Council

Broad Area 6: SHLAA Sites within North Warfield

June 2010

100 New Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, Berkshire, RG45 6JP Telephone/Fax: 01344 780785 Mobile: 07979 403099 E-mail: [email protected] www.wenman-ecology.co.uk

1 SUMMARY...... 3

2 INTRODUCTION...... 4

3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES ...... 7

4 POLICY BACKGROUND ...... 11

5 SURVEY METHOD ...... 12

6 SURVEY FINDINGS...... 14

7 DISCUSSION ...... 28

8 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 31

9 REFERENCES...... 33

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN...... 34

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 35

APPENDIX 4 TARGET NOTES ...... 38

APPENDIX 5 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY ...... 40

1 SUMMARY

1.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy Company LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the land within the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites and adjoining land in Broad Area 6 of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document.

1.1.2 The survey site covers a total area of 57.8 hectares in north Warfield, Berkshire. The Broad Area largely comprised fields of improved grassland grazed by horses and amenity grassland dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance. The Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre has records of legally protected or notable species on Broad Area 6; the bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) and the bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) and no designated sites of wildlife importance are present within the Area.

1.1.3 The majority of the land in the Broad Area was heavily grazed and improved grassland of limited ecological value and was of no special conservation importance; however the hedgerows, River Cut and nearby streams, and areas of taller grassland in the Broad Area are likely to act as the focus for biodiversity within the Area and are of site level ecological value and may provide habitat of local importance for legally protected and key species of national and local conservation importance such as reptiles, amphibians, birds, water voles, bats and invertebrates.

1.1.4 Further species specific surveys for key and protected species including reptiles, great crested newts, bats, breeding birds, water voles and badgers would be required to fully establish the ecological value of habitats within the Broad Area.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 3 - 2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Background

2.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the land within the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites and adjoining land in Broad Area Broad Area 6 of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document in north Warfield, Berkshire: Site 128 – Scotlands Farm, site 9 – Scotlands House, site 92 - Land adjacent to Newell Hall, site 91 - Land north of Herschel Grange, site 256 - Land at Steeple View, site 64 - Land north of Newhurst Gardens and Warfield Memorial Ground.

2.1.2 The survey was commissioned in connection with the preparation of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document for Bracknell Forest Borough.

2.2 Site location and context

2.2.1 Site 128 covers an area of approximately 22.8 hectares south of Westhatch Lane, west of Osborne Lane and east of the A3085 in north Warfield (OS grid reference SU872717). The site – farmland with fields grazed by horses - is located immediately to the north of Scotlands House (site 9) and the gardens of residential houses along Osborne Lane, south and east of agricultural fields and west of Warfield Hall. The River Cut forms the southern boundary and flows under the road at the junction between the A3085 and Warfield Street in the south western corner of the site.

2.2.2 Site 9 covers an area of approximately 2.1 hectares north of Warfield Street in north Warfield (OS grid reference SU871714). The site – a residential plot with a campsite and field grazed by horses - is located immediately to the north of residential houses on Warfield Street, immediately south of the River Cut and site 128 beyond, east of the Warfield Memorial Ground and residential properties off Osborne Lane and west of the junction between the A3085 and Warfield Street. The River Cut forms the northern boundary and flows under the road at the junction between the A3085 and Warfield Street in the western corner of the site.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 4 - 2.2.3 Site 92 covers an area of approximately 0.5 hectares north of Warfield Street in north Warfield (OS grid reference SU875712). The site – dense scrub with scattered trees – is located immediately to the north of the junction between Warfield Street and Old Priory Lane with the Priory Field to the south west and Warfield Priory to the south east. The site is south and east of the grounds at Newell Hall and west of Cuckoo Cottage.

2.2.4 Site 91 covers an area of approximately 1.9 hectares east of Gibbons Lane and north of Toogood Place in north Warfield (OS grid reference SU877713). The site – a caravan park, fields grazed by horses and broadleaved woodland - is located north of a residential area, south of site 256, east of a large field with a pond and west of site 64.

2.2.5 Site 256 covers an area of approximately 2.1 hectares east of Gibbons Lane in north Warfield (OS grid reference SU878714). The site – a residential plot with gardens and fields grazed by horses - is located north of site 91, south of Magnolia House and associated land, east of Sweetwater Farm and west of site 64 and the large Warfield House plot that includes large areas of amenity grassland and a lake.

2.2.6 Site 64 covers an area of approximately 4.6 hectares north of Newhurst Gardens in north Warfield (OS grid reference SU880712). The site – poor semi-improved grassland – is located north of a residential area, south and west of land at Warfield House and east of sites 256 and 91.

2.2.7 Warfield Memorial Ground covers an area of approximately 1.7 hectares at the junction between Osborne Lane and Warfield Street in north Warfield (OS grid reference SU873713). The site – predominantly amenity grassland used as sports pitches – is surrounded on all sides by residential properties and their associated land. Site 9 lies to the north west of this site.

2.2.8 The remainder of the Broad Area comprises residential plots including larger plots such as Newell Hall, Magnolia House, Cuckoo Cottage and Sweatwater Farm.

2.3 Report format

2.3.1 There follows: an overview of the protected species legislation in Section 3 and of the national and local wildlife policy background in Section 4; details John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 5 - of the survey method in Section 5; survey findings in Section 6 and 7; a discussion of the survey findings in Section 8 and recommendations are made in Section 9. The appendices present the phase 1 survey plan (Appendix 1), site photographs (Appendix 2), target notes (Appendix 3) and a plant species list recorded during the survey (Appendix 4).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 6 - 3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES

3.1 Amphibians

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a great crested newt;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a great crested newt;

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a great crested newt;

3.2 Bats

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a bat;

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 7 - • Deliberately, intentionally or recklessly disturb bats; in particular any disturbance which is likely to impair the ability of bats to survive, breed or reproduce or nurture their young; or in the case of hibernating or migrating bats, to hibernate or migrate; or to affect significantly the local distribution or abundance of the species;

• Deliberately kill, injure or take any bat.

3.3 Badgers

3.4 Birds

3.4.2 Rarer bird species, such as the barn owl and kingfisher, are listed on Schedule 1 of the Act, which makes it an offence to disturb the birds whilst nesting also.

3.5 Dormice

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a dormouse;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a dormouse;

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 8 - • Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a dormouse;

3.6 Reptiles

3.6.1 The four widespread reptiles most likely to be encountered (Adder, grass snake, slow worm and viviparous lizard) are protected under the Wildlife &

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 9 - Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The Act makes it an offence to intentionally kill, injure, possess or sell any of the species.

3.7 Water voles

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 10 - 4 POLICY BACKGROUND

4.1 National planning policy

4.2 Local wildlife and planning policy

4.2.4 Sites of importance for wildlife in Berkshire are referred to as Local Wildlife Sites (LWS). Designated LWS are assessed against set criteria agreed by the Berkshire Nature Conservation Forum.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 11 - 5 SURVEY METHOD

5.1.1 A walkover survey of sites 9, 64, 92 and the Warfield Memorial Ground was undertaken on the 22nd April 2010, site 128 was surveyed on 27th April and site 91 was surveyed on 29th April. During the survey the habitats present were noted and plotted on a site plan (Appendix 1) using definitions based on the standard phase 1 ecological survey definitions (JNCC 2007). Key features of the site were photographed (Appendix 2) and plotted on the site plan using target notes (Appendix 3).

5.1.3 The habitats of those sites within Broad Area 6 without access to undertake a walkover survey: site 256, the residential plots of: Sweatwater Farm, Cuckoo Cottage, Newell Hall and Magnolia House, were identified using aerial photography on Google Earth and Ordnance Survey mapping. It must be noted that these areas have only brief and general habitat descriptions denoted from aerial photograph; a walkover survey of these areas is recommended.

5.2 Biological records search

5.2.1 The Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre, Binfield Badger Group and the Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat group and Berkshire Amphibian and Reptile Group were commissioned to undertake a search of the data held on protected and notable species within 1km of the Broad Area boundary.

5.3 Survey constraints

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 12 - The plant species list presented should not be considered a comprehensive list of species present.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 13 - 6 SURVEY FINDINGS

6.1 Site overview

6.1.1 Site 128 consisted of several agricultural fields grazed by horses, sheep and llamas (Photograph 1) stretching out north from the Scotlands Farm buildings (Target note 1). The buildings comprised brick-built buildings with slate roofs (Photograph 2), wooden and breezeblock barns (Photograph 3), a converted brick barn with clay roof tiles, Scotlands Farm cottage (Photograph 4) and the main house at Scotlands Farm (Photograph 5). A ménage was situated in the south east corner of the site (Photograph 4). Hedgerows and wooden fences formed the boundaries with the adjacent roads and between fields. The River Cut flowed towards the south east just beyond the southern boundary (Photograph 6).

6.2 Habitats

6.2.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 128: improved grassland, amenity grassland, tall ruderal vegetation, intact hedgerow, dry ditch, marginal vegetation and pond.

6.2.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.3 Improved grassland

6.3.1 The grassland in all the fields was grazed by horses, sheep or llamas. The grassland was dominated by perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum); other occasional species included dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), greater plantain (Plantago major), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), white clover (Trifolium repens) and broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) (Photograph 7).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 14 - 6.3.2 In a small field to the west of the farm buildings the grassland had been left ungrazed and the grasses and herbaceous plants had grown taller than nearby grazed fields and the sward was dominated by cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), Yorkshire Fog (Holcus lanatus), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and the occasional bramble patch (Rubus fruticosus agg.) (Target note 2).

6.3.3 Alongside the tracks running up to West Hatch Lane, the grassland had been left ungrazed and again it had grown longer with a few additional herbaceous plants established such as greater bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus), hard rush (Juncus inflexus) and extra grass species such as sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) (Target note 3; Photograph 5).

6.3.4 In some of the fields there were mature, isolated oak trees with areas of decay creating cavities with potential for use by cavity nesting birds such as barn owls (Tyto alba), and for roosting bats (Target note 4; Photograph 8).

6.4 Amenity grassland

6.4.1 There were small patches of amenity grassland around the farm buildings typical of garden lawns. The grassland was dominated by the common widespread perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne) with the occasional patch of Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), field wood rush (Luzula campestris) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants within the sward included white clover (Trifolium repens), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) and common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum).

6.5 Intact hedge

6.5.1 Intact hedgerows supporting native woody species ran around the perimeter of the site, through the occasional fields and alongside the eastern track leading from the main farmhouse to West Hatch Lane. The hedge were mainly composed of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) but the northern boundary hedgerow was interspersed with mature oak trees (Quercus robur), elder (Sambucus nigra) and holly (Ilex aquifolium) (Target note 5). The hedgerow running alongside the

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 15 - eastern track was interspersed with more elm (Ulmus procera), field maple (Acer campestre), crab apple (Malus sylvestris) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) (Target note 6). The hedgerow in the south eastern corner was dominated by Leyland cypress (Leylandii cupressocyparis) and lombardy poplar trees (Populus nigra ‘Italica’) (Target note 7).

6.5.2 At the base of the hedgerows in the grazed fields, herbaceous plants had established themselves such as greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum), hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), thyme-leaved speedwell (Veronica serpyllifolia) and hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica).

6.6 Dry ditches

6.6.1 There was a dry ditch in the south of the site between an area of improved grassland and amenity grassland with great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), white dead nettle (Lamium album), cleavers (Galium aparine), nettle (Urtica dioica), bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea) growing along its edges (Target note 8). The dry ditch that ran along the northern boundary between the hedgerow and West Hatch Lane had fewer herbaceous plants due to its shadier conditions under the mature oak trees (Quercus robur) (Target note 9).

6.7 Marginal vegetation

6.7.1 The River Cut ran along the southern boundary of the site, separating it from site 9. The grazed field in the south eastern corner ran down to the River and the marginal vegetation was dominated by the invasive plant, Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera). Other herbaceous plants had established such as great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), white dead- nettle (Lamium album) and lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria) with some tall ruderal vegetation including common nettle (Urtica dioica), cleavers (Galium aparine) and spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare). Trees were present at intervals along the river bank including crack willow (Salix fragilis), grey willow (Salix cinerea), elm (Ulmus procera), alder (Alnus glutinosa) and oak (Quercus robur) (Target note 10). John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 16 - 6.8 Pond

6.8.1 Along the eastern hedgerow boundary there was an overgrown pond heavily shaded by the hedgerow and overhanging willow trees (Salix sp.). In this wetter area sedges, such as hairy sedge (Carex hirta), had established (Target note 11).

6.9 Fauna

6.9.1 A grass snake (Natrix natrix) was seen entering a rabbit burrow along the northern boundary hedgerow (Target note 12). There were several rabbit burrows along the site boundaries hedgerows implying a good population of rabbits on site. A red kite (Milvus milvus) was seen flying over the site at the time of the survey.

6.10 Site overview

6.10.1 Site 9 consisted of Scotlands House with associated garden and orchard. To the west of the house and garden there was a field grazed by horses and to the east there was a campsite. The house was brick-built with a clay- tiled roof (Target note 13). It had hanging tiles and wooden soffits with potential for roosting bats and nesting birds. The River Cut ran along the northern boundary of the site and the habitat is described in detail in section 6.7.

6.11 Habitats

6.11.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 9: amenity grassland, improved grassland, intact hedgerow and dry ditch.

6.11.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.12 Amenity grassland

6.12.1 The amenity grassland, which was regularly mown short to the south of the house was dominated by common, widespread grasses such as perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red fescue (Festuca rubra), field wood-rush (Luzula campestris) and smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis). Frequent herbaceous plants were a part of the John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 17 - sward and species present included white clover (Trifolium repens) and daisy (Bellis perenne) with the occasional creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), common mouse-ear (Cardamine flexuosa) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata). In the shade, mosses were dominant amongst the grassland with occasional yarrow (Achillea millefolium) (Photograph 9).

6.12.2 Scattered throughout the grassland were Leyland cypress trees (Cupressocyparis leylandii) and false-acacia trees (Robinia pseudoacacia). Along the eastern side of the grassland was a bed of introduced shrubs.

6.12.3 To the south of the amenity grassland there was an orchard with scattered crab apple trees (Malus sylvestris) and cherry trees (Prunus sp.) and amongst the trees, in places, the grassland had grown taller and was less frequently cut. The sward was more diverse and a greater diversity of herbaceous plants, such as meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), daffodils (Narcissus pseudo narcissus), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), red dead-nettle (Lamium purpureum), common field speedwell (Veronica sativa), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum) and germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) had established in the grassland (Target note 14).

6.13 Improved grassland

6.13.1 The field to the west of the house was heavily grazed and disturbed by horses. The grassland was dominated by perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), occasional others included dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), daisy (Bellis perennis) greater plantain (Plantago major), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria) and patches of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 18 - 6.13.2 The campsite field to the east of the house had the same list of species as found in the grazed field and looked to be managed either by grazing occasionally and/or by mowing.

6.14 Intact hedgerow

6.14.1 Hedgerows formed the site boundaries on all sides apart from along the eastern boundary of the campsite where it comprised more of individual scattered trees (Target note 15). The hedgerow running along the eastern side of the amenity grassland comprised of garden privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium.) (Target note 16) and the hedgerow running along the western side of the campsite comprised of only hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) (Target note 17). The riverside hedgerow along the northern side of the site was thinner with grey willow (Salix cinerea) and crack willow (Salix fragilis). The remaining hedgerows comprised a mix of blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with the occasional field maple (Acer campestre), elm (Ulmus procera), elder (Sambucus nigra) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus).

6.14.2 At the base of the hedgerows herbaceous plants typical of shady conditions had established such as hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), black knapweed (Centaurea nigra), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium).

6.15 Dry ditch

6.15.1 In front of the hedgerow running along the southern side of the campsite was a dry ditch (Target note 18).

6.16 Site overview

6.16.1 Site 92 consisted of a square patch of dense scrub with scattered trees (Photograph 10). A brick wall formed the western boundary, a wire fence the northern boundary, a wire fence and row of Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris) the western boundary and a row of trees and wire fence the southern boundary.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 19 - 6.17 Habitats

6.17.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 92: dense scrub and scattered trees.

6.17.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.18 Dense scrub

6.18.1 The site was overgrown with a thick covering of bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and common nettle (Urtica dioica) with only the occasional herbaceous plant growing through a break in the scrub such as great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), cleavers (Galium aparine), daffodils (Narcissus pseudo narcissus), field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis), common field speedwell (Veronica persica), lord-and- ladies (Arum maculatum) and lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria) (Target note 19).

6.19 Scattered trees

6.19.1 Amongst the main body of the scrub there was a young stand of ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and grey willow trees (Salix cinerea) and a row of apple trees (Malus sp.) close to the western brick wall. In the north western corner there were large horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) and sycamore trees (Acer pseudoplatanus) with rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) forming a dense understorey (Target note 20). The trees along the northern boundary and north eastern corner included sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), elder (Sambucus nigra), beech (Fagus sylvatica), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), lime (Tilia x europaeus) and Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris). A gooseberry bush (Ribes uva-crispa) grew in the shade of the trees on the northern boundary.

6.20 Fauna

6.20.1 A mammal track ran under the northern boundary fence into the field beyond (Target note 21). The beech tree (Fagus sylvatica) on the northern

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 20 - boundary had woodpecker holes confirming the presence of woodpeckers on site and in turn creating potential opportunities for roosting bats.

6.21 Site overview

6.21.1 Site 91 consisted of two fields grazed by horses, broadleaved woodland and a caravan park with small patches of amenity grassland. A wooden stable with a bitumen-felt flat roof (Photograph 11) and an old wooden building with a slate roof were located in the south eastern corner of the site.

6.22 Habitats

6.22.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 91: improved grassland, amenity grassland, broadleaved woodland, dry ditch, intact hedgerow and defunct hedgerow.

6.22.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.23 Improved grassland

6.23.1 The two fields on site were heavily grazed and disturbed by horses. The grassland was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and common bird’s-foot-trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), occasional others included germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), white clover (Trifolium repens), greater plantain (Plantago major), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus), creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans) and patches of broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare) (Photograph 12; Target note 22).

6.24 Amenity grassland

6.24.1 The patches of amenity grassland that were mown very short between the caravans were dominated by common, widespread grasses such as

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 21 - perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red fescue (Festuca rubra), field wood-rush (Lazula campestris) and smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis). Frequent herbaceous plants established within the sward included white clover (Trifolium repens) and daisy (Bellis perenne) with the occasional creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), common mouse-ear (Cardamine flexuosa) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata).

6.25 Broadleaved woodland

6.25.1 The north western corner of the site was a square of broadleaved woodland dominated by oak trees (Quercus robur) of mixed ages with the occasional elder trees (Sambucus nigra), elm trees (Ulmus procera) and ash saplings (Fraxinus excelsior). The ground flora contained abundant common nettles (Urtica dioica), cleavers (Galium aparine), frequent ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea) and the occasional bramble patch (Rubus fruticosus). Other woodland plants had established within the ground flora also such as bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum), wood avens (Geum urbanum), daffodils (Narcissus pseudo narcissus), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea) and hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica) (Photograph 13; Target note 23).

6.26 Intact hedgerow

6.26.1 A thick blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) hedgerow formed the eastern boundary with site 64 and the western boundary with the caravan park (Target note 24).

6.27 Defunct hedgerow

6.27.1 The northern boundary hedgerow was not complete with open gaps between mature oak trees (Quercus robur) and the occasional hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) bush (Target note 25).

6.28 Dry ditch

6.28.1 A dry ditch ran along the western side of the woodland and was filled with water where it meets site 256 to the north (Target note 26).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 22 - 6.29 Site overview

6.29.1 Site 64 consisted of a large area of poor semi-improved grassland (Photograph 14; Target note 27) with a thick hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) hedgerow running along the western, northern and eastern boundaries (Photograph 15; Target note 28). A wooden fence formed the remaining southern boundary and the site was accessed through a metal gate from Newhurst Gardens to the south.

6.30 Habitats

6.30.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 64: poor semi-improved grassland and intact hedgerow.

6.30.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.31 Poor semi-improved grassland

6.31.1 The large expanse of grassland was infrequently cut with patches of wall barley (Hordeum murinum), perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis), smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis). Occasional herbaceous plants had established such as common vetch (Vicia sativa), wavy bitter cress (Cardamine flexuosa), common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), field forget-me- not (Myosotis arvensis), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea) and germander speedwell (Photograph 14; Target note 27) with individual plants of cowslip (Primula veris) and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) recorded also.

6.32 Intact hedgerow

6.32.1 A thick blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) hedgerow runs along the northern, eastern and part of the western boundary. Other species amongst the hedgerow include goat willow (Salix caprea), crack willow (Salix fragilis), elder (Sambucus nigra) and elm (Ulmus procera) (Photograph 15; Target note 28).

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 23 - 6.33 Dry ditch

6.33.1 A dry ditch runs along the northern boundary just in front of the fence that separates the site from Warfield House (Target note 29).

6.34 Fauna

6.34.1 A freshly used badger sett entrance was located on the northern boundary with a couple of possible other entrances not currently used (Photograph 16; Target note 30). A run led into the field to the north, i.e. land associated with Warfield House.

6.35 Site overview

6.35.1 The Warfield Memorial Ground consisted of a square of amenity grassland surrounded by a hedgerow with scattered trees (Photograph 17). There was a children’s play area in the north western corner, a small car park in the north eastern corner and a pavilion in the south western corner. A stream ran along the northern boundary and joins the River Cut in the north western corner.

6.36 Habitats

6.36.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of Warfield Memorial Ground: amenity grassland, intact hedgerow, scattered trees and stream.

6.36.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.37 Amenity grassland

6.37.1 The square of amenity grassland regularly mown was dominated by perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), a common, widespread grass and occasional Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red fescue (Festuca rubra) and cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata). Frequent herbaceous plants were a part of the sward and these included white clover (Trifolium repens) with frequent germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and the occasional common mouse-ear (Cardamine

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 24 - flexuosa), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) and common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) (Photograph 17; Target note 31).

6.37.2 Between the amenity grassland and the hedgerow surrounding the site there was a strip of grassland left to grow taller and the sward was more diverse with more grass species such as meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), false oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) and rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis). Herbaceous plants were present in these areas in a greater diversity also including lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum), hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria), bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), dog’s mercury (Mercurialis perennis), white dead-nettle (Lamium album) and meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris).

6.38 Intact hedgerow

6.38.1 The dominant species of the hedgerow around the site boundaries was elm (Ulmus procera). Along the hedgerow, there were occasional scattered mature trees such as oak (Quercus robur), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), field maple (Acer campestre), horse chestnut and cherry (Prunus sp.). At the northern end of the western boundary, the hedgerow broke up and consisted of just the occasional lime (Tilia x europaea), oak (Quercus robur), elm (Ulmus procera), whitebeam (Sorbus aria) and Norway maple trees (Acer platanoides) (Target note 32).

6.39 Stream

6.39.1 A stream flowed into the River Cut along the northern boundary of the site with a footpath and hedgerow beyond (Target note 33).

6.40 Remainder of Broad Area 5 overview

6.40.1 There were residential plots along Osborne Lane and Warfield Street including Newell Hall with typical amenity grassland areas typical of garden lawns. Magnolia House, Cuckoo Cottage and site 256 were residential plots off Gibbons Lane with fields of improved grassland grazed by horses. The Cut and streams running into the river cut through Broad Area 6 providing riparian habitats in this area.

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 25 - 6.41 Existing data search

6.41.1 The Binfield Badger Group holds no recent records of badgers for the Broad Area.

6.41.2 The Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat Groups database holds no records of bats for the Broad Area or within the surrounding area. John Wenman Ecological Consultancy have records of foraging Daubentons (Myotis daubentoni) and common pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) along the Bull Brook in 2007; approximately 800 metres to the south east of the Broad Area.

6.41.3 The Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre’s database holds records of the plant: bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), and the conservation priority species: bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula). The record of the bullfinch is from Scotlands Farm in 2004 and the bluebell is within the copse in the centre of the Broad Area, immediately to the east of Osborne Lane.

6.41.4 Within one kilometre of the Broad Area, the Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre’s database has records of mammals such as water voles (Arvicola amphibius) and birds such as the whitethroat (Sylvia communis), redwing (Turdus iliacus), kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) and fieldfare (Turdus pilaris). There are records of reptiles and amphibians such as the smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), grass snake (Natrix natrix) and common frog (Rana temporaria) from this area also.

6.41.5 Breeding smooth newts (Lissotriton vulgaris) and common frogs (Rana temporaria) have been found in the pond off Old Priory Lane in 2001 immediately south of site 92 in the Broad Area. Great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) are known to breed within a pond managed by Bracknell Forest Council approximately 1 kilometre to the south of the Broad Area

6.41.6 Grass snakes (Natrix natrix) have also been recorded in Newell Green in 2005 approximately 400 metres to the east of site 64. Kingfishers have been recorded in the 1 kilometre square SU8771 in 2004 and 2005 on the River Cut and Bull Brook.

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 26 - 6.41.7 Within 1 kilometre of the centre of Broad Area 6, outside the site boundaries, there are three sites of wildlife interest (Hayley Green Wood, Piggy Wood and Whitegrove Copse), which are all designated as Local Wildlife Sites and Local Nature Reserves. Piggy Wood is 600 metres to the south of the Broad Area once surrounded by open agricultural land, the wood and wildlife corridor are now enclosed in residential housing. Whitegrove Copse is an area of ancient woodland just under 900 metres to the south of the Broad Area and Hayley Green Wood is mixed deciduous woodland incorporated into Westmorland Park, a recreation area just over 700 metres to the south east.

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 27 - 7 DISCUSSION

7.1 Assessment of existing ecological value

Grassland

7.1.1 The most abundant habitat types encountered within Broad Area 6 were improved grassland and amenity grassland. The swards were dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance typical of heavily grazed and frequently managed habitats. The majority of the grassland had a uniformly short sward offering restricted foraging or sheltering opportunities for fauna of conservation importance that can be associated with grassland such as reptiles, amphibians, small mammals and invertebrates.

Dense scrub

7.1.2 The dense scrub on site 92 was dominated by highly competitive plants typical of nutrient rich soils and is of no special conservation importance; however the area has some limited potential to support reptiles such as slow worm (Anguis fragilis).

Linear habitat features – hedgerows & watercourses

7.1.3 The thick hedgerows and associated areas of taller grassland within the Broad Area were dominated by native woody species and are considered to be of local ecological value at the site level acting as the principal habitat for key species within the Broad Area as follows:

7.1.4 Amphibians such as the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) – a European Protected Species and Bracknell Forest and UK Biodiversity Action Plan priority species - may use the hedgerows as corridors to suitable breeding ponds and hibernation sites and as foraging areas. The site supports two ponds: the pond on Site 128 is currently heavily overgrown and as such provides poor breeding habitat for the species, but their presence cannot be ruled out. The pond to the north of Cuckoo Cottage has not been surveyed and therefore may provide breeding opportunities suitable for great crested newts. The overall density of ponds within the Broad Area is relatively low in comparison to other parts of the John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 28 - Borough and as such the relative importance of the area for great crested newts if shown to be present is likely to be lower than for other similar rural areas where pond density is higher. Further survey would be necessary to establish their presence or absence and fully establish the importance of the survey area if newts are shown to be present (refer to Section 8).

7.1.5 Hedgerows provide good foraging habitats for bats – European Protected Species - with the isolated mature oak trees on site offering potential crevices for roosting bats also. The River Cut is likely to support foraging bats and act as a corridor linking the site to adjacent habitats and contributes to the site’s potential value for them (further survey would be required to assess fully the site’s value for bats (refer to Section 8).

7.1.6 Bases of hedgerows are also potential hibernation sites for reptiles – grass snake (Natrix natrix) was recorded using the hedgerow at the northern end of the Broad Area - and hedgehogs (Erinaceous europaeus) and may be used by dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) where linked to suitable woodland habitats – the likelihood of the presence of dormice within the hedgerows of Broad Area 6 is considered to be low due to the absence of suitable woodland nearby.

7.1.7 In relation to the Bracknell Forest Borough Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) the linear features on the site, i.e. streams and hedgerows, have the potential to support associated local BAP Species. Local BAP bird species such as the bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) use thick hedgerows like those on site for feeding and nesting; records of bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) dating 2004 identify them using land at Scotlands Farm. Barn owls (Tyto alba) – protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 – will use the longer grass established at the edge of fields and hedgerows for hunting small mammals and the mature trees in the hedgerows and within the fields as perches and possible nesting opportunities. There have been barn owl (Tyto alba) sightings of barn owls using the oak trees on site 128 by the landowners.

7.1.8 The stream running along the northern boundary of the Warfield Memorial Ground, the stream on the eastern side of site 92 flowing to the north of the Broad Area and the River Cut could potentially be used by water voles (Arvicola amphibius), either as sites for burrows and/or feeding sites as they John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 29 - may travel for up to 1 kilometre to feed and historic records of water voles are held for the River Cut and Bull Brook. The pond on site 128 is not suitable for water voles with little connectivity to watercourses and no banks to dig burrows into.

Buildings

7.1.9 The buildings of Scotland Farm, Scotlands House, and the residential properties in the Broad Area i.e. the buildings at Sweetwater Farm, Newell Hall, Cuckoo Cottage, Magnolia House and Steeple View (site 256) all may have potential for nesting birds and roosting bats.

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 30 - 8 RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Phase 2 ecological survey

8.1.1 The hedgerows in the Broad Area, the poor semi-improved grassland on site 64 and the dense scrub on site 92 have the potential to support reptiles. A survey for the presence of reptiles should be carried out and should comprise a minimum of seven survey visits to check artificial refugia set out on the site in advance; surveys can be carried out in suitable conditions between March and October, but are most profitable when carried out in April, May and September (Froglife 1999).

8.1.2 A survey of all ponds within 500 metres of the Broad Area and the pond on site 128 and the pond north of Cuckoo Cottage for great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) should be carried out to establish fully the importance of the Broad Area for this species. From Ordnance Survey mapping there are eleven potential breeding ponds within 500 metres of the Broad Area, none are known breeding ponds from records and there are four potential breeding ponds on site. Further survey should be undertaken for this species following standard survey guidelines i.e. four survey visits to each pond between mid March and mid June with at least two carried out between mid April and mid May (English Nature 2001).

8.1.3 A water vole (Arvicola amphibius) survey of the River Cut and the two streams in the Broad Area should be carried out and this should involve a visual assessment of the stream for water vole signs such as feeding signs, burrows, droppings, latrines, footprints, grazing lawns, runways and direct sightings. The survey should also encompass a section of the River Cut to the north east and south west of the Broad Area as water voles can have territories that can stretch between 30 and 100 metres for females and even further for males.

8.1.4 A bat survey of the buildings in Broad Area 6 and the mature trees in the hedgerows and fields is required to assess fully their potential to support roosting bats. If features of potential for roosting bats are recorded, further survey to confirm the presence or absence of bats should take place consisting of evening emergence surveys supported by dawn re-entry surveys carried out with the aid of bat detectors. Emergence surveys

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 31 - should be carried out between May and September. A bat activity survey of the linear features in Broad Area 6 should be undertaken to determine the value of the land by bats and the location of the bat commuting routes and foraging areas.

8.1.5 A breeding bird survey of the habitats within Broad Area 6 should be undertaken to determine the bird species using the sites and the relative importance of the habitats. The survey should be based on the methods of the British Trust for Ornithology’s Common Bird Census.

8.1.6 The thick hedgerow and grassland on site 64 offer suitable habitats for badgers (Meles meles) and a badger sett entrance and latrine were recorded in the hedgerow on site 64. A badger survey of site 64 and the connected woodland to the north is recommended.

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 32 - 9 REFERENCES

Bat Conservation Trust (2007). Bat Surveys – Good Practice Guidelines. Bat Conservation Trust, London.

Gent, T. & Gibson, S. (2003). Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual. JNCC, Peterborough.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) (2007). Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey – A technique for environmental audit. JNCC, Peterborough.

Langton, T. E. S., Beckett, C. L. & Foster, J.P. (2001). Great crested newt conservation handbook. Froglife, Halesworth.

Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & McLeish, A. P. (2004). Bat Workers’ Manual (3RD Edition). JNCC, Peterborough.

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 33 -

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 34 -

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

1. The improved grassland covering the majority 2. The brick-built farm buildings with slate roofs of site 128. on site 128.

3. The wooden and breezeblock shed on site 128. 4. The Scotlands Farm Cottage on site 128.

5. The main house at Scotlands Farm on site 128. 6. The River Cut at the south of site 128 and north of site 9.

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 35 -

7. The fields grazed by horses. 8. The scattered oak trees and northern boundary beyond where the grass snake was seen.

9. The back garden of Scotlands House on site 9 10. The dense scrub and stand of immature ash with the orchard to the left, amenity grassland in trees on site 92. the centre and grazed field beyond.

11. The wooden stable in the south eastern 12. The grazed fields on site 91. corner of site 91.

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 36 -

13. Broadleaved woodland in the north western 14. The poor semi-improved grassland on site 64. corner of site 91.

15. The thick blackthorn and hawthorn hedgerow 16. The badger sett in the hedgerow on the on the boundaries of site 64. northern boundary of site 64.

17. The amenity grassland and pavilion at the Warfield Memorial Ground.

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APPENDIX 4 TARGET NOTES

Comments 1 Scotlands Farm buildings. 2 Grassland left ungrazed and grasses and herbaceous plants had grown tall dominated by cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), Yorkshire Fog (Holcus lanatus), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and the occasional bramble patch (Rubus fruticosus). 3 Grassland left ungrazed and grown longer with herbaceous plants such as greater bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus), hard rush (Juncus inflexus) and extra grass species such as sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) (Photograph 5). 4 Mature rotting oak trees with numerous opportunities for bats and barn owls (Tyto alba) 5 Hedgerow interspersed with mature oak trees (Quercus robur), elder (Sambucus nigra) and holly (Ilex aquifolium). 6 Hedgerow interspersed with more elm (Ulmus procera), field maple (Acer campestre), crab apple (Malus sylvestris) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior). 7 Hedgerow dominated by leyland cypress (Leylandii cupressocyparis) and Lombardy poplar trees (Populus nigra ‘Italica’). 8 Dry ditch with great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), white dead nettle (Lamium album), cleavers (Galium aparine), nettle (Urtica dioica), bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and ground- ivy (Glechoma hederacea) growing along its edges. 9 Dry ditch with fewer herbaceous plants due to its shadier conditions under the mature oak trees (Quercus robur). 10 Marginal vegetation dominated by Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera) with other herbaceous plants such as great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), white dead-nettle (Lamium album) and lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria) with some tall ruderal vegetation including common nettle (Urtica dioica), cleavers (Galium aparine) and spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare). Trees along the river bank included crack willow (Salix fragilis), grey willow (Salix cinerea), elm (Ulmus procera), alder (Alnus glutinosa) and oak (Quercus robur). 11 Pond shaded by the hedgerow and overhanging willow trees (Salix sp.). In this wetter area sedges, such as hairy sedge (Carex hirta) were present. 12 Grass snake (Natrix natrix) seen entering a rabbit burrow along the northern boundary hedgerow. 13 Scotlands House 14 Orchard with scattered apple trees (Malus sp.) and cherry trees (Prunus sp.) and amongst the trees in places the grassland had grown taller and was infrequently cut. The sward was more diverse with plants such as meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), daffodils (Narcissus pseudo narcissus), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), red dead-nettle (Lamium purpureum), common field speedwell (Veronica sativa), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum) and germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) established in the grassland. 15 Individual scattered trees. 16 Hedgerow comprised of privet (Ligustrum sp.). 17 Hedgerow comprised of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna). 18 Dry ditch. 19 Thick bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and common nettle (Urtica dioica) with only the occasional herbaceous plant growing through a break in the scrub such as great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), cleavers (Galium aparine), daffodils (Narcissus pseudo narcissus), field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis), common field speedwell (Veronica persica), lord-and-ladies (Arum maculatum) and lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria). 20 Large horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) and sycamore trees (Acer pseudoplatanus) with rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) forming a dense understorey. 21 Mammal track under the northern boundary fence into the field beyond. 22 Two fields heavily grazed and disturbed by horses. The grassland was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and common bird’s-foot-trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), occasional others included germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), greater stitchwort (Stellaria John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 38 - holostea), white clover (Trifolium repens), greater plantain (Plantago major), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus), creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans) and patches of broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare) typical of grazed grassland (Photograph 12) 23 Square of broadleaved woodland dominated by oak trees (Quercus robur) of mixed ages with the occasional elder trees (Sambucus nigra), elm trees (Ulmus procera) and ash saplings (Fraxinus excelsior). The ground flora was abundant with common nettles (Urtica dioica), cleavers (Galium aparine), frequent ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea) and the occasional bramble patch (Rubus fruticosus). Other woodland plants had established such as bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria), herb Robert (Geranium robertianum), wood avens (Geum urbanum), daffodils (Narcissus pseudo narcissus), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea) and hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica) (Photograph 13). 24 Thick blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) hedgerow. 25 Defunct hedgerow with open gaps between mature oak trees (Quercus robur) and the occasional hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) bush. 26 Dry ditch but filled with water where it meets site 256 to the north. 27 Large expanse of poor semi-improved grassland, infrequently cut with patches of wall barley grass (Hordeum murinum), perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis), smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis). Occasional herbaceous plants such as common vetch (Vicia sativa), wavy bitter cress (Cardamine flexuosa), common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), cowslip (Primula veris) and tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) (Photograph 14). 28 Thick hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) hedgerow. 29 Dry ditch. 30 Freshly used badger sett entrance located on the northern boundary with a couple of possible other entrances not currently used (Photograph 16) 31 Square of amenity grassland which was regularly mown and dominated by perennial rye- grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red fescue (Festuca rubra) and cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata). Frequent herbaceous plants established within the sward included white clover (Trifolium repens) with frequent germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and the occasional common mouse-ear (Cardamine flexuosa), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) and common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) (Photograph 17). 32 Hedgerow broken up and is just the occasional lime (Tilia x europaea), oak (Quercus robur), elm (Ulmus procera), whitebeam (Sorbus aria) and Norway maple trees (Acer platanoides). 33 Stream flowing into River Cut to the north west.

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Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 39 -

APPENDIX 5 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY Plant common name Scientific name Alder Alnus glutinosa Annual meadow grass Poa annua Ash Fraxinus excelsior Beech Fagus sylvatica Black knapweed Centaurea nigra Black medick Medicago lupulina Blackthorn Prunus spinosa Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Bristly oxtongue Picris echioides Broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius Bugle Ajuga reptans Burdock Cat’-ear Hypochaeris radicata Cherry sp. Prunus sp. Cleavers Galium aparine Cock’s-foot Dactylis glomerata Common bent Agrostis tenuis Common bird’s-foot-trefoil Lotus corniculatus Common chickweed Stellaria media Common field speedwell Veronica persica Common mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum Common nettle Urtica dioica Common ragwort Senecio jacobaea Common sorrel Rumex acetosa Common vetch Vicia sativa Common whitlowgrass Erophila verna agg. Cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris Cowslip Primula veris Crab apple Malus sylvestris Crack willow Salix fragilis Creeping bent Agrostis stolonifera Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens Creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis Daffodil Narcissus pseudo narcissus Daisy Bellis perennis Dandelion Taraxacum officinale agg. Dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis Dogwood Cornus sanguinea Dove’s-foot crane’s-bill Geranium molle Downy birch Betula pubescens Elder Sambucus nigra English elm Ulmus procera False-acacia Robinia pseudoacacia False oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius Field forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis Field horsetail Equisetum arvense Field maple Acer campestre Field wood rush Luzula campestris Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Germander speedwell Veronica chamaedrys Goat willow Salix caprea Gooseberry Ribes uva-crispa Great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum Greater bird’s-foot-trefoil Lotus pedunculatus Greater plantain Plantago major Greater stitchwort Stellaria holostea Grey willow Salix cinerea John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 40 - Goat willow Salix caprea Ground elder Aegopodium podagraria Ground-ivy Glechoma hederacea Hairy sedge Carex hirta Hard rush Juncus inflexus Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Hedge woundwort Stachys sylvatica Herb Robert Geranium robertianum Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium Holly Ilex aquifolium Horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Ivy Hedera helix Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria Leyland cypress Cupressocyparis leylandii Lime Tilia x europaeus Lombardy poplar Populus nigra ‘Italica’ London plane Platanus hispanica Lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum Meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris Meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis Meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria Meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis Norway maple Acer platanoides Oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Pedunculate oak Quercus robur Perennial rye grass Lolium perenne Pineapple weed Matricaria discoidea Poplar Populus sp. Privet Ligustrum sp. Red clover Trifolium pratense Red dead-nettle Lamium purpureum Red fescue Festuca rubra Ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata Rough meadow grass Poa trivialis Scot’s pine Pinus sylvestris Silver birch Betula pendula Smooth meadow grass Poa pratensis Soft rush Juncus effuses Spanish bluebells Hyacinthoides hispanica Spear thistle Cirsium vulgare Sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Thyme-leaved speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia Tufted vetch Vicia cracca Wall barley grass Hordeum murinum Wavy bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa Weeping willow Salix x sepulcaris Whitebeam Sorbus aria White clover Trifolium repens White dead-nettle Lamium album Wild cherry Prunus avium Wood avens Geum urbanum Yarrow Achillea millefolium Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 23/07/2010

Broad Area 6, N Warfield - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 41 -

Phase 1 Ecological Survey

Site Allocation Development Plan Document Bracknell Forest Borough Council

Broad Area 7: SHLAA Sites within Chavey Down

June 2010

100 New Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, Berkshire, RG45 6JP Telephone/Fax: 01344 780785 Mobile: 07979 403099 E-mail: [email protected] www.wenman-ecology.co.uk

1 SUMMARY...... 3

2 INTRODUCTION...... 4

3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES ...... 6

4 POLICY BACKGROUND ...... 10

5 SURVEY METHOD ...... 11

6 SURVEY FINDINGS...... 12

7 DISCUSSION ...... 26

8 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 29

REFERENCES...... 30

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN...... 31

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 32

APPENDIX 3 TARGET NOTES ...... 35

APPENDIX 4 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY ...... 37

1 SUMMARY

1.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy Company LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites of Broad Area 7 of the Site Allocation Development Plan Document.

1.1.2 The survey site covers a total area of 55.4 hectares in Chavey Down to the north west of Bracknell. The Broad Area largely comprised areas of grassland; improved, poor semi-improved and amenity grassland dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance.

1.1.3 The site is not designated for its wildlife interest and records of legally protected or notable species held for the site by the Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre include the green woodpecker (Picus viridis), smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris), small heath (Coenonympha pamphilus), kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), lapwing (Vanellus vanellus), turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur), cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor) and whitethroat (Sylvia communis).

1.1.4 The majority of the land in the Broad Area was heavily grazed and improved grassland of limited ecological value and was of no special conservation importance; however the woodland, hedgerows and areas of taller grassland in the Broad Area are likely to act as the focus for biodiversity and may provide habitat of local importance for legally protected and key species of national and local conservation importance such as reptiles, amphibians, birds, bats and invertebrates.

1.1.5 Further species specific surveys for key and protected species including reptiles, great crested newts, bats and breeding birds would be required to fully establish the ecological value of habitats within the Broad Area.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 3 - 2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Background

2.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy LLP was commissioned by Bracknell Forest Council to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites in Broad Area 7 of the Site Allocation Development Plan Document in Chavey Down: Site 288 – land at Somerton Farm, site 262 – land west of Chavey Down Road, site 5 – Land south of junction of Forest Road with Chavey Down Road, site 221 – land east of Chavey Down Road, site 274 - land west of Locks Ride and Locks Ride Recreation Ground.

2.1.2 The survey was commissioned in connection with the preparation of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document for Bracknell Forest Borough.

2.2 Site location and context

2.2.1 Site 288 covers an area of approximately 12.3 hectares north of the B3034 and sandwiched between grazed fields and farmland in Chavey Down (OS grid reference SU902711). The site, called Somerton House and Farm and associated land, is located immediately to the west of residential properties and fields grazed by horses, north of Forest Road and a recreation ground, east of fields and south of grazed fields and the River Cut that flows eastwards approximately 250 metres to the north.

2.2.2 Site 262 covers an area of approximately 1.4 hectares at the junction between the B3034 and Winkfield Row in Chavey Down (OS grid reference SU896710). The site – grazed fields surrounded by a strip of woodland - is located immediately to the west of Winkfield Row and a recreation ground beyond, north of Forest Road and a residential area beyond, south of residential properties and east of Winkfield Row and St Mary’s Church of England Primary School with its associated recreation ground.

2.2.3 Site 5 covers an area of approximately 4.3 hectares south of Forest Road and to the east of Chavey Down Road in Chavey Down (OS grid reference SU899709). The site – two recently seeded fields – is located immediately to the west of a grazed field, north of site 221, south of Forest Road and St John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 4 - Mary’s Church of England Primary School beyond, and east of residential properties along Chavey Down Road.

2.2.4 Site 221 covers an area of approximately 4.3 hectares to the east of Chavey Down Road in Chavey Down (OS grid reference SU899706). The site – a mix of poor semi-improved and amenity grassland – is located immediately to the west of site 274 and other improved grassland, north of a residential area, south of site 5 and east of residential properties along Chavey Down Road.

2.2.5 Site 274 covers an area of approximately 4.1 hectares to the west of Locks Ride in Chavey Down (OS grid reference SU901706). The site – fields grazed by horses – is located immediately to the west of Locks Ride and residential properties beyond, north of a residential area, south of further grazed fields and east of site 221.

2.2.6 Locks Ride recreation ground covers an area of approximately 3.2 hectares to the south of Forest Ride and west of Locks Ride in Chavey Down (OS grid reference SU902709). The site - amenity grassland – is located immediately to the west of Locks Ride and residential properties beyond, north and east of fields grazed by horses and south of Forest Ride and site 288.

2.2.7 The remainder of the site comprises Row Farm and Box Farm and the associated farmland, St Mary’s Church of England Primary School with its associated recreation ground, a few residential properties off Forest Ride and grazed fields.

2.3 Report format

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 5 - 3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES

3.1 Amphibians

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a great crested newt;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a great crested newt;

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a great crested newt;

3.2 Bats

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a bat;

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 6 - • Deliberately, intentionally or recklessly disturb bats; in particular any disturbance which is likely to impair the ability of bats to survive, breed or reproduce or nurture their young; or in the case of hibernating or migrating bats, to hibernate or migrate; or to affect significantly the local distribution or abundance of the species;

• Deliberately kill, injure or take any bat.

3.3 Badgers

3.4 Birds

3.4.2 Rarer bird species, such as the barn owl and kingfisher, are listed on Schedule 1 of the Act, which makes it an offence to disturb the birds whilst nesting also.

3.5 Dormice

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a dormouse;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a dormouse;

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 7 - • Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a dormouse;

3.6 Reptiles

3.6.1 The four widespread reptiles most likely to be encountered (Adder, grass snake, slow worm and viviparous lizard) are protected under the Wildlife &

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 8 - Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The Act makes it an offence to intentionally kill, injure, possess or sell any of the species.

3.7 Water voles

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 9 - 4 POLICY BACKGROUND

4.1 National planning policy

4.2 Local wildlife and planning policy

4.2.4 Sites of importance for wildlife in Berkshire are referred to as Local Wildlife Sites (LWS). Designated LWS are assessed against set criteria agreed by the Berkshire Nature Conservation Forum.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 10 - 5 SURVEY METHOD

5.1.1 Walkover surveys of sites 288, 221, 5 and 262 were undertaken on 28th April. During the surveys the habitats present were noted and plotted on a site plan (Appendix 1) using definitions based on the standard phase 1 ecological survey definitions (JNCC 2007). Key features of the sites were photographed (Appendix 2) and plotted on the site plan using target notes (Appendix 3).

5.1.3 The habitats of those sites within the northern section of Broad Area 7 without access to undertake a walkover survey: Box Farm, Row Farm, St Mary’s Church of England Primary School and its associated recreation ground; fields grazed by horses; and residential properties to the east of the Broad Area were identified using aerial photography on Google Earth and Ordnance Survey mapping; a walkover survey of these areas is recommended.

5.2 Biological records search

5.3 Survey constraints

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 11 - 6 SURVEY FINDINGS

6.1 Site overview

6.1.1 Site 288 consisted of areas of improved grassland and amenity grassland. The buildings comprised a white painted house with a tennis court and landscaped gardens (Target note 1; Photograph 1), stables (Target note 2; Photograph 2) and a further brick-built house in the south eastern corner (Target note 3; Photograph 3). Hedgerows, wooden fences and brick walls formed the boundaries with Forest Road, between fields and with other plots of land. A small stream flows through the centre of the site and drains into the River Cut to the north (Target note 4; Photograph 7).

6.2 Habitats

6.2.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 288: improved grassland, amenity grassland, intact hedgerows and a stream.

6.2.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution is shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.3 Improved grassland

6.3.1 The grassland in the fields in the north western corner of the site was heavily grazed and disturbed by horses. The grassland was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris) and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), occasional others included dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and the occasional daisy (Bellis perennis), white clover (Trifolium repens), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), greater plantain (Plantago major), yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata) (Target note 5; Photograph 4).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 12 - 6.4 Amenity grassland

6.4.1 The patches of amenity grassland surrounding Somerton House (Target note 6; Photographs 1 & 5), the house in the south east corner and the polo fields (Target note 7; Photograph 6) were all regularly mown and typical of garden lawns. The grassland was dominated by the common widespread grasses such as perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red fescue (Festuca rubra) cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and meadow grass. (Poa sp.). Herbaceous plants within the sward included white clover (Trifolium repens), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), greater plantain (Plantago major), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) and common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum).

6.5 Intact hedgerow

6.5.1 The hedgerow that formed the boundary between the amenity grassland to the west of Somerton House and the far western improved grassland comprised solely of cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) (Target note 8). A rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum), Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii) and bamboo (Arundinaria sp.) hedgerow ran along the southern boundary of the Somerton House garden (Target note 9).

6.5.2 The southern end of the far western hedgerow boundary with the adjacent plot comprised of predominantly bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and buddleia (Buddleia davidii) (Target note 10), and towards the northern end it developed into a native hedgerow of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), and ash (Fraxinus excelsior) (Target note 11).

6.5.3 The hedgerow through the site and along the eastern boundary was predominantly hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with the occasional mature oak tree (Quercus robur). Beech (Fagus sylvatica) was interspersed between the middle hedgerow (Target note 12) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and field maple (Acer campestre) throughout the western hedgerow (Target note 13). Herbaceous plants such as ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea), hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica), yarrow (Achillea millefolium), greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), common sorrel

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 13 - (Rumex acetosa), lesser celandine (Ranunculus ficaria) common field speedwell (Veronica persica) and germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) grew at the base of the hedgerow.

6.6 Stream

6.6.1 A stream ran through the centre of the site joining up with the River Cut to the north. The marginal vegetation along the stream included garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum), great willowherb (Epilobium hirsutum), lesser water parsnip (Berula erecta) and hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) (Target note 4; Photograph 7).

6.7 Site overview

6.7.1 Site 262 consisted of two fields grazed by horses surrounded by a thin strip of broadleaved woodland. A house and gardens were situated just to the west of the fenced off fields.

6.8 Habitats

6.8.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 262: improved grassland and broadleaved woodland.

6.8.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution is shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.9 Improved grassland

6.9.1 The grassland in the two fields was heavily grazed and disturbed by horses dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance, such as meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris) and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), occasional others include dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and the occasional daisy (Bellis perennis), white clover (Trifolium repens), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), greater

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 14 - plantain (Plantago major), yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata) (Target note 14; Photograph 8).

6.10 Broadleaved woodland

6.10.1 The broadleaved woodland surrounding the fields to the south, east and north comprised of mature oak (Quercus robur), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), elm (Ulmus procera), Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii) and Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra ‘Italica’). The understorey had dense growths of holly (Ilex aquifolium), cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) and the occasional gorse bush (Ulex europaeus). Woodland plants had established along the woodland edge such as germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis), bugle (Ajuga reptans) and cleavers (Galium aparine) (Target note 15; Photograph 8).

6.11 Scattered trees

6.11.1 Along the western boundary of the fields individual mature trees grew in front of the fence including sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), oak (Quercus robur), lime (Tilia x europaeus) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa). Woodland plants such as bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), lords-and- ladies (Arum maculatum) and daffodils (Narcissus pseudo narcissus) had established amongst the trees.

6.11.2 In the fields on the site, lime (Tilia x europaeus), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), silver birch (Betula pendula), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.) and Leyland cypress trees (Cupressocyparis leylandii) were scattered in the fields (Photograph 9)

6.12 Site overview

6.12.1 Site 5 consisted of recently seeded fields of improved grassland (Target note 16; Photograph 10). Intact hedgerows formed the site boundaries and divided the grassland into two fields. A wooden fence formed the western boundary with residential properties and their gardens.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 15 - 6.13 Habitats

6.13.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 5: improved grassland and intact hedgerow.

6.13.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution is shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.14 Improved grassland

6.14.1 The fields had recently been seeded and left undisturbed and were dominated by widespread grass species such as perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), fescue (Festuca sp.) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) in abundance. There were frequent patches of Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and occasional field wood-rush (Luzula campestris). Established within the sward were herbaceous plants such as white clover (Trifolium repens), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), tufted vetch (Vicia cracca), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum) and meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis) (Target note 16; Photograph 10).

6.15 Intact hedgerow

6.15.1 A hawthorn hedgerow split the field in two and thick hawthorn hedgerows formed the northern, eastern and southern boundaries with adjacent roads and plots of land. The boundary hedgerow also contained blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), goat willow (Salix caprea), crab apple (Malus sylvestris), oak (Quercus robur) and rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum).

6.15.2 At the base of the hedgerow herbaceous plants typical of hedgerows and shady locations had established such as greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), periwinkle (Vinca sp.), common nettle (Urtica dioica) and cleavers (Galium aparine).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 16 - 6.16 Fauna

6.16.1 Three roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were grazing in the field and there were numerous mole hills (Talpa europaea) in the grassland.

6.17 Site overview

6.17.1 Site 221 was divided into four separate fields; the northern field had a newly-built house called Orchard House (Target note 17; Photograph 11) and old wooden clad buildings (Target note 18; Photograph 12) surrounded by newly laid amenity grassland, poor semi-improved grassland and patches of ephemeral/short perennial and tall ruderal vegetation (Target note 19; Photograph 13), the field south of the entrance track was a field of poor semi-improved grassland (Target note 20; Photograph 14) with a pond close to the western boundary (Target note 21; Photograph 17) and the next southerly field was amenity grassland (Target note 22; Photograph 15) with corrugated and wooden buildings on the northern boundary (Target note 23; Photograph 16). The most southerly field was not accessed. The site was accessed from a track off Chavey Down Road.

6.18 Habitats

6.18.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 221: amenity grassland, poor semi-improved grassland, ephemeral/short perennial vegetation, tall ruderal vegetation, defunct hedgerow, intact hedgerow, dry ditch and a pond.

6.18.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution is shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.19 Amenity grassland

6.19.1 The newly laid lawn around Orchard House to the north of the site was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) and annual meadow grass (Poa annua); no herbaceous plants had established yet.

6.19.2 The second field south from the entrance track was fenced off with a patch of mown amenity grassland. The grassland was dominated by common widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), cock’s-foot John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 17 - (Dactylis glomerata) and perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne). Herbaceous plants had established within the sward such as common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), red clover (Trifolium pratense), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa) (Target note 22; Photograph 15).

6.20 Poor semi-improved grassland

6.20.1 The grassland to the east and south east of the land around Orchard House had been left to grow tall. The grassland was dominated by cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) and false oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) with occasional tufted hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa). Large patches of tufted vetch (Vicia cracca) had established with frequent herbaceous plants such as creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), perforate St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum), common vetch (Vicia sativa), black medick (Medicago lupulina), white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and common bird’s-foot- trefoil (Lotus corniculatus). A patch of bulrushes (Typha sp.) had established amongst the grassland on the eastern boundary.

6.20.2 In areas below the scattered trees, herbaceous plants adapted to shady conditions had established such as hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica),lesser stitchwort (Stellaria graminea), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea) and germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys) (Target note 19; Photograph 13).

6.20.3 The poor semi-improved grassland immediately to the south of the entrance track was tussocky with areas dominated by tall ruderal vegetation in the west and short sparse areas of grassland amongst the scattered trees to the east and south. The main area of grassland was dominated by common, widespread grasses such as red fescue (Festuca rubra), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and false oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) (Target note 20; Photograph 14).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 18 - 6.20.4 Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward including creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), greater bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), greater plantain (Plantago major), cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis), meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis), common vetch (Vicia sativa) and tufted vetch (Vicia cracca). Field horsetail (Lathyrus pratensis) was growing in the sward also.

6.21 Ephemeral/short perennial vegetation

6.21.1 The stony bare ground to the south of Orchard House had been disturbed by construction vehicles and then herbaceous plants had recently established such as hedge mustard (Sisymbrium officinale), poppy, pineapple weed (Matricaria discoidea), spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and clumps of grasses such as cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and false oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius).

6.22 Tall ruderal vegetation

6.22.1 Small patches of occasional tall ruderal vegetation, such as common nettle (Urtica dioica), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare) and creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), grew along the edges of the grassland around Orchard House, close to the old wooden clad buildings and along the tracks used by vehicles.

6.22.2 The poor semi-improved grassland on site gradually became dominated on the western edge amongst the crab apple trees (Malus sylvestris) by tall ruderal vegetation such as hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), common nettle (Urtica dioica), spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris) and cleavers (Galium aparine).

6.22.3 Along the northern edge of the amenity grassland tall ruderal vegetation had established including the species: common nettle (Urtica dioica), white dead-nettle (Lamium album), cleavers (Galium aparine), red dead-nettle (Lamium purpureum) and spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare).

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 19 - 6.23 Defunct hedgerow

6.23.1 The eastern and northern hedgerow and the hedgerows dividing the fields to the south of the entrance track were defunct with large gaps. The tree species included mature oak (Quercus robur), hazel (Corylus avellana), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), willow (Salix sp.), downy birch (Betula pubescens) and elder (Sambucus nigra).

6.23.2 At the base of the hedgerow, herbaceous plants were present such as greater bird’s foot trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus), honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum) along with grasses such as rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis), creeping bent (Agrostis stolonifera) and soft brome (Bromus mollis).

6.24 Intact hedgerow

6.24.1 The hedgerow along the western boundary of the field of amenity grassland was intact comprising solely of Leyland cypress trees (Cupressocyparis leylandii).

6.25 Dry ditch

6.25.1 A dry ditch ran through to the centre of the field of amenity grassland from the residential plots to the west of the site. The plant species had gown long along the ditch edges with species such as meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), common nettle (Urtica dioica) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.).

6.26 Pond

6.26.1 On the western boundary of the poor semi-improved grassland there was a pond measuring approximately 20 metres by 10 metres. Trees surrounded the pond including beech (Fagus sylvatica), oak (Quercus robur), yew (Taxus baccata), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), downy birch (Betula erecta), willow (Salix sp.), hazel (Corylus avellana) and elder (Sambucus nigra). Around the pond edges lower growing plant species included wavy bitter cress (Cardamine flexuosa), common nettle (Urtica dioica), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), bramble (Rubus fruticosus), green alkanet

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 20 - (Pentaglottis sempervirens) and the invasive plant, Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) on the western edge (Target note 21; Photograph 16).

6.27 Scattered trees

6.27.1 There were scattered trees in the grassland around Orchard House which included species such as eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.), Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii), silver birch (Betula pendula), cherry (Prunus sp.), apple (Malus sp.) and copper beech (Fagus sylvatica ‘purpurea’).

6.27.2 A stand of downy birch trees (Betula erecta) on the southern boundary, and the occasional grey willow trees (Salix cinerea) were scattered throughout the poor semi-improved grassland to the south of the entrance track.

6.28 Site overview

6.28.1 Locks Ride Recreation Ground consisted of close mown amenity grassland used as sports pitches (Target note 25; Photograph 18) surrounded by intact hedgerows with trees. A brick-built pavilion was situated on the northern boundary (Target note 24; Photograph 17). There was a fenced off pond in the north western corner of the site (Target note 26; Photograph 19).

6.29 Habitats

6.29.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of the recreation ground: amenity grassland, intact hedgerows and a pond.

6.29.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution is shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.30 Amenity grassland

6.30.1 The close mown amenity grassland on the site was dominated by perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), annual meadow-grass (Poa annua) and the occasional red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some were abundant, such as white clover (Trifolium repens), whilst others were present occasionally such as daisy (Bellis perennis), creeping cinquefoil

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 21 - (Potentilla reptans), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), common mouse- ear (Cerastium fontanum), bristly oxtongue (Picris echioides), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) (Target note 25; Photograph 18).

6.31 Intact hedgerow

6.31.1 The northern and eastern hedgerow boundaries comprised predominantly of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and oak trees (Quercus robur) with the occasional lime (Tilia x europaeus), elder (Sambucus nigra), rowan (Sorbus acria), yew (Taxus baccata) and goat willow (Salix caprea). Amongst the hedgerow, honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum), ivy (Hedera helix) and bramble (Rubus fruticosus) had taken hold. Herbaceous plants typical of hedgerows had established at the base such as lords-and-ladies (Arum maculatum), common field speedwell (Veronica persica), cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis), spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) and nipplewort (Lapsana communis).

6.31.2 The southern and western hedgerow was mainly composed of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with the occasional cherry (Prunus sp.), goat willow (Salix caprea), oak (Quercus robur) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior).

6.32 Pond

6.32.1 A fenced-off pond was situated in the north western corner of the recreation ground. A large oak tree (Quercus robur) with three bat boxes stood on the edge of the pond together with a crack willow tree (Salix fragilis), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), elm (Ulmus procera) and field maple (Acer campestre). The vegetation in the pond included common duckweed (Lemna minor), water mint (Mentha aquatica) and water forget-me-not (Myosotis scorpioides).

6.32.2 Herbaceous plants surrounded the pond such as ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium), primroses (Primula vulgaris), hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica)

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 22 - and herb Robert (Geranium robertianum). Grasses had grown tall including Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), wall barley (Hordeum murinum) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) (Target note 26; Photograph 19).

6.33 Remaining site overview

6.33.1 Site 274 was not entered for a full walkover survey, but from site 221 it could be seen that the land was used for grazing horses, as were the fields to the north of site 274 and the fields to the north of Box Farm and Row Farm. The recreation ground connected to St Mary’s Church of England Primary School was managed as amenity grassland.

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 23 - 6.34 Existing data search

6.34.1 The Binfield Badger Group held no records of badgers within 1 kilometre of the Broad Area.

6.34.2 The Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat Group’s database holds records of a brown long-eared roost (Plecotus auritus) within the SU8970 kilometre square in which the Broad Area lies. A pipistrelle roost (Pipistrellus sp.) has been recorded in SU9172 the 1 kilometre grid square to the north east of the Broad Area. Pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus sp.) and long-eared (Plecotus sp.) droppings have been recorded in a house in Warfield in 2009 just over 400 metres to the west of the Broad Area.

6.34.3 The search of the Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre’s database revealed records of the following notable species from the Broad Area: green woodpecker (Picus viridis); smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris); small heath (Coenonympha pamphilus); kestrel (Falco tinnunculus); lapwing (Vanellus vanellus); turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur); cuckoo (Cuculus canorus); lesser spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor); and whitethroat (Sylvia communis).

6.34.4 The Environmental Record Centre’s database held a large number of records within a 1 kilometre radius of the Broad Area. Within the 1 kilometre square in which the site lies but outside the Broad Area itself, there are records of mammals such as brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus), pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus sp.) and the water vole (Terrestris amphibius) and birds such as the kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) and the bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula). There are records of reptiles and amphibians such as the smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris), palmate newt (Triturus helveticus), common toad (Bufo bufo), common frog (Rana temporaria) and grass snake (Natrix natrix) and invertebrates such as the small heath butterfly (Coenonympha pamphilus).

6.34.5 Within 1 kilometre of Broad Area 1, there are four sites designated for their wildlife interest. Big Wood (LWS) lies to the west of the Broad Area beyond the residential area on the western side of Chavey Down Road. Hayley Green Wood is a Local Nature Reserve within the Big Wood LWS. Chavey Down LWS is to the south of Big Wood and all these three sites together John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 24 - comprise a large expanse of protected woodland. Round Copse and Weycroft Copse LWS lies to the north east of the Broad Area just across Locks Ride.

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 25 - 7 DISCUSSION

7.1 Assessment of existing ecological value

Grassland

7.1.1 The majority of the sites consisted of improved grassland heavily grazed by horses or areas of amenity grassland, all of which were dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance. These grasslands had a uniformly short swards offering very restricted foraging or sheltering opportunities for fauna of conservation importance that may be associated with grassland such as reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates for example.

7.1.2 The poor semi-improved grassland on site 5 and site 221 on the western edge of the Broad Area offered more botanically and structurally diverse grassland habitats in comparison to the more frequently managed grasslands to the north east and were considered to be of some ecological value at the site level within the Broad Area with potential to support faunal groups such as small mammals, reptiles and amphibians and a more diverse invertebrate fauna.

Woodland

7.1.3 The narrow strip of woodland around site 262 supported a range of native broadleaved tree and shrub and herbaceous, ground flora species of some ecological value at the site level enhanced by its proximity to the more extensive woodlands of Big Wood LWS to the south west. Furthermore, the small area of woodland is likely to offer habitat of local value to key fauna such as foraging and roosting bats and birds, dead wood habitat of some value to invertebrates such as the stag beetle (Lucanus cervus).

Linear habitat features – hedgerows & watercourses

7.1.4 The predominantly hedgerows of native woody species within otherwise largely ecologically poor, intensively managed habitats are likely to act as at the key resource for several species within the Broad Area and are of site level ecological value as follows:

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 26 - 7.1.5 Amphibians such as the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) – a European Protected Species and Bracknell Forest BAP priority species - may use the hedgerows as corridors to suitable breeding ponds and hibernation sites and as foraging areas. The site supports two ponds that could be suitable for breeding amphibians, with the potential for great crested newts to utilise these and the terrestrial habitat being enhanced by the presence of the species in ponds within 1 kilometre to the south east; further survey would be necessary to establish their presence or absence and fully establish the importance of the survey area if present (refer to Section 8).

7.1.6 Hedgerows provide foraging and commuting habitats for bats and in the context of otherwise largely poor foraging habitats within the Broad Area are likely to be of site value to bats roosting in the Area (further survey would be required to assess fully the site’s value for bats (refer to Section 8). Bases of hedgerows are also potential hibernation sites for reptiles and hedgehogs (Erinaceous europaeus) and may be used by dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius) where linked to suitable woodland habitats – the likelihood of the presence of dormice within the hedgerows of Broad Area 7 due to the absence of suitable, connected woodland is considered to be low.

7.1.7 In relation to the Bracknell Forest Borough Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) the linear features on site, i.e. hedgerows, have the potential to support associated Local BAP Species. Bird species such as the bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) use hedgerows like those on site for feeding and nesting; records of bullfinches (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) dating from 2005 identify them using land in Winkfield Row. Barn owls (Tyto alba) – protected under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 – will use the longer grass established at the edge of fields and hedgerows for hunting small mammals, and the mature trees in the hedgerows, as perches and as possible nesting opportunities.

Water bodies

7.1.8 The ponds on site i.e. at Locks Ride Recreation Ground and on site 221 support a range of native aquatic vegetation and it is likely that are utilised by a variety of aquatic invertebrates of ecological value at the site level.

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 27 - Furthermore, they could potentially be breeding sites for amphibians, including great crested newts.

7.1.9 The invasive plants species, Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) was present growing on the edge of the pond on site 221 and as such could spread to the surrounding areas, having an adverse on the ecological value of the habitats if not removed.

Buildings

7.1.10 The buildings on site 288 and 221 and Box Farm and Row Farm are likely to offer opportunities for nesting birds and roosting bats.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 28 - 8 RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Phase 2 ecological survey

8.1.1 The grassland habitats on sites 5 and 221 have the potential to support reptiles. A survey for the presence of reptiles should be carried out and should comprise a minimum of seven survey visits to check artificial refugia set out on the site in advance; surveys can be carried out in suitable conditions between March and October, but are most profitable when carried out in April, May and September (Froglife 1999).

8.1.2 A survey of the ponds on site 221 and Locks Ride Recreation Ground and all those within 500 metres of the Broad Area for great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) is required. From Ordnance Survey mapping there are at least six potential breeding ponds in the 500 metre radius including the two ponds on site. Further survey should be undertaken for this species following standard survey guidelines i.e. four survey visits to each pond between mid March and mid June with at least two carried out between mid April and mid May (English Nature 2001).

8.1.3 A bat survey of the buildings in Broad Area 7 and the mature trees is required to assess fully their potential to support roosting bats. If features of potential for roosting bats are recorded, further survey to confirm the presence or absence of bats should take place consisting of evening emergence surveys supported by dawn re-entry surveys carried out with the aid of bat detectors. Emergence surveys should be carried out between May and September. A bat activity survey of the Broad Area should be undertaken within this period also to determine the level of use of the land by bats, the species present and the location of the bat commuting routes and foraging areas.

8.1.4 A breeding bird survey of the habitats within Broad Area 7 should be undertaken to determine the bird species using the sites and the importance of the habitats. The survey should be based on the methods of the British Trust for Ornithology’s Common Bird Census.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 29 - 9 REFERENCES

Bat Conservation Trust (2007). Bat Surveys – Good Practice Guidelines. Bat Conservation Trust, London.

Gent, T. & Gibson, S. (2003). Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual. JNCC, Peterborough.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) (2007). Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey – A technique for environmental audit. JNCC, Peterborough.

Langton, T. E. S., Beckett, C. L. & Foster, J.P. (2001). Great crested newt conservation handbook. Froglife, Halesworth.

Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & McLeish, A. P. (2004). Bat Workers’ Manual (3RD Edition). JNCC, Peterborough.

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 30 -

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 31 -

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

1. Somerton House on site 288 with amenity 2. The stables at Somerton Farm with the grassland surrounding the house. surrounding amenity grassland.

3. The house in the south eastern corner of 4. The improved grassland in the north site 288. western corner of site 288.

5. The amenity grassland to the west of 6. The amenity grassland on the polo field in Somerton House and tennis court in the the centre of site 288 and the northern fence background. boundary.

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 32 -

7. The stream running through the centre of 8. The fields grazed by horses and the site 288. broadleaved woodland beyond on site 262.

9. The scattered trees in the fields on site 262. 10. The recently seeded improved grassland on site 5.

11. The newly built house in the north of site 12. The wooden clad buildings at the northern 221 surrounded by amenity grassland. end of site 221.

13. The poor semi-improved grassland and tall 14. The poor semi-improved grassland on site ruderal vegetation at the northern end of site 221. 221. John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 33 -

15. The amenity grassland on site 221. 16. The corrugated and wooden buildings on site 221.

17. The pond on site 221. 18. Pavilion buildings on Locks Ride recreation ground.

19. Amenity grassland at Locks Ride 20. Pond at Locks Ride Recreation Ground. recreation ground.

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Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 34 -

APPENDIX 3 TARGET NOTES Comments 1 Somerton house with tennis court and landscaped gardens (Photograph 1) 2 Somerton Farm stables (Photograph 2). 3 Somerton Farmhouse (Photograph 3) 4 Small stream draining into the River Cut to the north (Photograph 7) 5 Improved grassland heavily grazed and disturbed by horses. The grassland was dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris) and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), occasional others include dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and the occasional daisy (Bellis perennis), white clover (Trifolium repens), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), greater plantain (Plantago major), yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata) (Photograph 4). 6 Patches of amenity grassland surrounding Somerton House ( Photographs 1 & 5) 7 Amenity grassland around Somerton farmhouse (Photograph 6) and on the polo field dominated by the common widespread grasses such as perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red fescue (Festuca rubra) cock’s foot (Dactylis glomerata) and meadow grass. (Poa sp.). Herbaceous plants within the sward included white clover (Trifolium repens), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), greater plantain (Plantago major), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.) and common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum). 8 Hedgerow comprised of just cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) 9 Rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum), Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii) and bamboo (Arundinaria sp.) hedgerow. 10 Hedgerow comprised of predominantly of bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and buddleia (Buddleia davidii). 11 Native hedgerow of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), and ash (Fraxinus excelsior). 12 Hedgerow predominantly hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with the occasional mature oak tree (Quercus robur) and interspersed with beech (Fagus sylvatica). 13 Hedgerow predominantly hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with the occasional mature oak tree (Quercus robur) and interspersed with blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and field maple (Acer campestre). 14 Improved grassland heavily grazed and disturbed by horses dominated by perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), cock’sfoot (Dactylis glomerata), smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis) and red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some in abundance such as meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris) and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), occasional others included dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) and the occasional daisy (Bellis perennis), white clover (Trifolium repens), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), greater plantain (Plantago major), yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and cat’s-ear (Hypochaeris radicata) (Photograph 8). 15 Broadleaved woodland comprised of mature oak trees (Quercus robur), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), elm (Ulmus procera), Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii) and Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra ‘Italica’). The understorey comprised of thick holly (Ilex aquifolium), cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus) and the occasional gorse bush (Ulex europaeus). Woodland plants had established along the woodland edge such as germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis), bugle (Ajuga reptans) and cleavers (Galium aparine) (Photograph 8). 16 Improved grassland recently seeded and left undisturbed dominated by widespread grass species such as perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), and fescue (Festuca sp.) and meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis) in abundance. There were frequent patches of Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and occasional field wood-rush (Luzula campestris). Established within the sward were herbaceous plants such as white clover (Trifolium repens), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), tufted vetch (Vicia cracca), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum) and meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis) (Photograph 10). John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 35 - 17 Newly-built house surrounded by amenity grassland (Photograph 11). 18 Wooden clad buildings (Photograph 12). 19 Area of poor semi-improved grassland and patches of tall ruderal vegetation and ephemeral/short perennial vegetation (Photograph 13) 20 Field of poor semi-improved grassland (Photograph 14). The grassland was tussocky with areas dominated by tall ruderal vegetation in the west and short sparse areas of grassland amongst the scattered trees to the east and south. The main area of grassland was dominated by common, widespread grasses such as red fescue (Festuca rubra), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and false oat grass (Arrhenatherum elatius) 21 Pond (Photograph 17) measuring approximately 20 metres by 10 metres. Trees surrounded the pond including beech (Fagus sylvatica), oak (Quercus robur), yew (Taxus baccata), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), downy birch (Betula erecta), willow (Salix sp.), hazel (Corylus avellana) and elder (Sambucus nigra). Around the pond edges some plant species had established such as wavy bitter cress (Cardamine flexuosa), common nettle (Urtica dioica), ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria), bramble (Rubus fruticosus), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens) and Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) on the western edge. 22 Field of amenity grassland (Photograph 15). The grassland was dominated by common widespread grasses such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata) and perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne). Herbaceous plants had established within the sward such as common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), red clover (Trifolium pratense), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and common sorrel (Rumex acetosa). 23 Corrugated and wooden buildings (Photograph 16). 24 Brick-built pavilion (Photograph 18). 25 Amenity grassland dominated by perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), annual meadow-grass (Poa annua) and the occasional red fescue (Festuca rubra). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some abundantly such as white clover (Trifolium repens) and others occasionally such as daisy (Bellis perennis), creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), bristly oxtongue (Picris echioides), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) (Photograph 19). 26 A fenced-off pond. A large oak tree (Quercus robur) with three bat boxes stood on the edge of the pond together with a crack willow tree (Salix fragilis), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), elm (Ulmus procera) and field maple (Acer campestre). The emergent vegetation in the pond included common duckweed (Lemna minor) and water mint (Mentha aquatica). Herbaceous plants surrounded the pond such as ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), meadow buttercup (Ranunculus acris), hedge bindweed (Calystegia sepium), primrose (Primula vulgaris), hedge woundwort (Stachys sylvatica) and herb Robert (Geranium robertianum). Grasses had grown tall such as Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), wall barley (Hordeum murinum) and red fescue (Festuca rubra) (Photograph 20).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 36 -

APPENDIX 4 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY Plant common name Scientific name Alder Alnus glutinosa Annual meadow grass Poa annua Ash Fraxinus excelsior Bamboo Arundinaria sp. Beech Fagus sylvatica Black knapweed Centaurea nigra Black medick Medicago lupulina Blackthorn Prunus spinosa Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bramble Rubus fruticosus Bristly oxtongue Picris echioides Broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius Buddleia Buddleia davidii Bugle Ajuga reptans Bulrush Typha sp. Cherry Prunus sp. Cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus Cleavers Galium aparine Cock’s-foot Dactylis glomerata Common bird’s-foot-trefoil Lotus corniculatus Common dog-violet Viola riviniana Common duckweed Lemna minor Common field speedwell Veronica persica Common mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum Common nettle Urtica dioica Common ragwort Senecio jacobaea Common sorrel Rumex acetosa Common vetch Vicia sativa Cow parsley Anthriscus sylvestris Crab apple Malus sylvestris Creeping bent Agrostis stolonifera Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens Creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis Daffodil Narcissus pseudo narcissus Daisy Bellis perennis Dandelion Taraxacum officinale agg. Dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis Downy birch Betula pubescens Elder Sambucus nigra English elm Ulmus procera Eucalyptus Eucalyptus sp. False oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius Field horsetail Equisetum arvense Field maple Acer campestre Field wood rush Luzula campestris Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Germander speedwell Veronica chamaedrys Goat willow Salix caprea Gorse Ulex europaeus Great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum Greater bird’s-foot-trefoil Lotus pedunculatus Greater plantain Plantago major Greater stitchwort Stellaria holostea Green alkanet Pentaglottis sempervirens Grey willow Salix cinerea Ground elder Aegopodium podagraria Ground-ivy Glechoma hederacea Groundsel Senecio vulgaris John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 37 - Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Hazel Corylus avellana Hedge bindweed Calystegia sepium Hedge mustard Sisymbrium officinale Hedge woundwort Stachys sylvatica Herb Robert Geranium robertianum Hogweed Heracleum sphondylium Holly Ilex aquifolium Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum Horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Ivy Hedera helix Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria Leyland cypress Cupressocyparis leylandii Lime Tilia x europaeus Lesser stitchwort Stellaria graminea Lesser water parsnip Berula erecta Lombardy poplar Populus nigra ‘Italica’ Lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum Nipplewort Lapsana communis Meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris Meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis Meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis Oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Pampas grass Cortaderia selloana Pedunculate oak Quercus robur Pendulous sedge Carex pendula Perennial rye grass Lolium perenne Periwinkle Vinca sp. Pineapple weed Matricaria discoidea Primrose Primula vulgaris Red dead-nettle Lamium purpureum Red fescue Festuca rubra Rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum Ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata Rough meadow grass Poa trivialis Rowan Sorbus aucuparia Scot’s pine Pinus sylvestris Silver birch Betula pendula Silverweed Potentilla anserine Smooth meadow grass Poa pratensis Soft brome Bromus mollis Soft rush Juncus effusus Spear thistle Cirsium vulgare Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Tufted vetch Vicia cracca Wall barley grass Hordeum murinum Water mint Mentha aquatica Wavy bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa Weeping willow Salix x sepulcaris White clover Trifolium repens White dead-nettle Lamium album Yarrow Achillea millefolium Yew Taxus baccata Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 09/08/2010

Broad Area 7, Chavey Down Road, Long Hill Road - phase 1 ecological survey (R70c) - 38 -

Phase 1 Ecological Survey

Site Allocation Development Plan Document Bracknell Forest Borough Council

Broad Area 8: SHLAA Sites within East Bracknell

June 2010

100 New Wokingham Road, Crowthorne, Berkshire, RG45 6JP Telephone/Fax: 01344 780785 Mobile: 07979 403099 E-mail: [email protected] www.wenman-ecology.co.uk

1 SUMMARY...... 3

2 INTRODUCTION...... 4

3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES ...... 6

4 POLICY BACKGROUND ...... 10

5 SURVEY METHOD ...... 11

6 SURVEY FINDINGS...... 12

7 DISCUSSION ...... 24

8 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 26

9 REFERENCES...... 28

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN...... 29

APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS ...... 30

APPENDIX 3 TARGET NOTES ...... 33

APPENDIX 4 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY ...... 34

1 SUMMARY

1.1.1 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy Company LLP was commissioned by Bracknell ForestCouncil to undertake a phase 1 ecological survey of the Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) sites within Broad Area 8 of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document.

1.1.2 The survey site covers a total area of 70 hectares on the eastern side of Bracknell, Berkshire. The Broad Area largely comprised coniferous woodland and small areas of wet and dry heath and patches of amenity grassland on the residential plots. The land within the Broad Area is not designated for its wildlife interest. The majority of the site comprised coniferous plantation dominated by plantation woodland but with patches of wet and dry heath and associated ditches considered to be of ecological value at a local level; areas of grassland surrounding residential properties were of no special ecological value.

1.1.3 Records of legally protected or notable species held for the site by the Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre include historic records of palmate newt (Lissotriton helvetica), smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), common frog (Rana temporaria) and common toad (Bufo bufo) on Long Hill Pit in the northern half of Broad Area 8 and bird records from 2005 in Swinley Forest including the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), swift (Apus apus), green woodpecker (Picus viridis), wood lark (Lullula arborea) and tree pipit (Anthus trivialis).

1.1.4 The heathland, woodland and wetland habitats offer habitat of value to a range of conservation priority and legally protected species including reptiles, great crested newts, birds, bats and badgers and further survey would be required to establish their presence or absence and the importance of the site for these groups if present.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 3 - 2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Background

2.1.2 The survey was commissioned in connection with the preparation of the draft Site Allocation Development Plan Document for Bracknell Forest Borough.

2.2 Site location and context

2.2.1 Site 125 covers an area of approximately 1.1 hectares on the eastern side of Long Hill Road opposite Harvest Ride, Bracknell (OS grid reference SU895694). The site, a small area of woodland, is located immediately to the west of further woodland and Heathfield St Mary’s School grounds, south of residential plots along Church Road, east of Long Hill Road and residential plots beyond and north of a landfill site within the Broad Area.

2.2.2 Site 137 covers an area of approximately 0.3 hectares to the east of Long Hill Road, Bracknell (OS grid reference SU893691). The site – amenity grassland - is located immediately to the west of site 122, south of woodland and the landfill site, north of site 122 and east of Long Hill Road and residential plots beyond.

2.2.3 Site 122 covers an area of approximately 0.7 hectares to the north of London Road, Bracknell (OS grid reference SU893690). The site – amenity grassland – is located immediately to the west of other residential plots, south of the landfill site in the Broad Area, north of London Road and site 49 beyond and east of further residential plots.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 4 - 2.2.4 Site 78 covers an area of approximately 8.5 hectares to the south of London Road (OS grid reference SU897687). The site – coniferous woodland and patches of amenity grassland and poor semi-improved grassland – is located immediately to the west of a residential plot, south of London Road and the landfill site and Heathfield St Mary’s school beyond, north of site 49 and east of Swinley Road and a golf course beyond.

2.2.5 Site 49 covers an area of approximately 45.5 hectares to the south of London Road and north of a railway line (OS grid reference SU895685). The site – coniferous and broadleaved woodland with patches of heathland and bog – is located immediately to the west of Swinley Road and Englemere Local Nature Reserve beyond, south of London Road and the remainder of Broad Area 8, north of a railway line, sewage works and Whitmoor bog and east of a residential area and site 204.

2.2.6 Site 204 covers an area of approximately 1.9 hectares to the north of the railway line and south and east of New Forest Ride in east Bracknell (OS grid reference SU889684). The site – broadleaved woodland – is located immediately to the west of site 49, south and east of New Forest Ride and a large residential area beyond and north of the railway line and a further residential area.

2.2.7 The remainder of the site comprises the former London Road landfill site in the north of the Broad Area and residential plots.

2.3 Report format

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 5 - 3 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND – PROTECTED SPECIES

3.1 Amphibians

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a great crested newt;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a great crested newt;

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a great crested newt;

3.2 Bats

• Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a bat;

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 6 - • Deliberately, intentionally or recklessly disturb bats; in particular any disturbance which is likely to impair the ability of bats to survive, breed or reproduce or nurture their young; or in the case of hibernating or migrating bats, to hibernate or migrate; or to affect significantly the local distribution or abundance of the species;

• Deliberately kill, injure or take any bat.

3.3 Badgers

3.4 Birds

3.4.2 Rarer bird species, such as the barn owl and kingfisher, are listed on Schedule 1 of the Act, which makes it an offence to disturb the birds whilst nesting also.

3.5 Dormice

• Intentionally or recklessly kill, injure or take a dormouse;

• Possess or control any live or dead specimen or anything derived from a dormouse;

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 7 - • Damage or destroy a breeding site or resting place or intentionally or recklessly obstruct access to a structure or place used for shelter by a dormouse;

3.6 Reptiles

3.6.1 The four widespread reptiles most likely to be encountered (Adder, grass snake, slow worm and viviparous lizard) are protected under the Wildlife &

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 8 - Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The Act makes it an offence to intentionally kill, injure, possess or sell any of the species.

3.7 Water voles

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 9 - 4 POLICY BACKGROUND

4.1 National planning policy

4.2 Local wildlife and planning policy

4.2.4 Sites of importance for wildlife in Berkshire are referred to as Local Wildlife Sites (LWS). Designated LWS are assessed against set criteria agreed by the Berkshire Nature Conservation Forum.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 10 - 5 SURVEY METHOD

5.1.1 A walkover survey of site 125 and 137 was undertaken on 20th April 2010, site 122 was surveyed on 22nd April 2010, site 49 was surveyed on 7th May 2010, site 78 were surveyed on 10th May 2010 and site 204 was surveyed on 19th May 2010. During the survey the habitats present were noted and plotted on a site plan (Appendix 1) using definitions based on the standard phase 1 ecological survey definitions (JNCC 2007). Key features of the site were photographed (Appendix 2) and plotted on the site plan using target notes (Appendix 3).

5.1.3 The habitats of those sites within Broad Area 8 without access to undertake a walkover survey: landfill site and residential plots off London Road and Swinley Road, were identified using aerial photography on Google Earth and Ordnance Survey mapping. It must be noted that these areas have only brief and general habitat descriptions denoted from aerial photography; a walkover survey of these areas is recommended.

5.2 Biological records search

5.2.1 The Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre, Binfield Badger Group and Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat group were commissioned to undertake a search of the data held on protected and notable species within 1km of the Broad Area boundary.

5.3 Survey constraints

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 11 - 6 SURVEY FINDINGS

6.1 Site overview

6.1.1 Site 125 consisted of an area of woodland (Photograph 1) with patches of broadleaved and coniferous woodland. A wire and wooden fence formed the boundaries with the adjacent road, woodland and residential plot.

6.2 Habitats

6.2.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 125: broadleaved woodland, coniferous woodland and tall ruderal vegetation.

6.2.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.3 Broadleaved woodland

6.3.1 The majority of the woodland was broadleaved dominated by sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) with frequent patches of silver birch (Betula pendula) and occasional beech (Fagus sylvatica). In the centre of the woodland there was a coppiced area with many multi-stemmed silver birch trees (Betula pendula). The understorey was patchy but rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) grew thickly on the northern side of the site. The understorey also comprised of holly (Ilex aquifolium) and bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) (Target note 1; Photograph 1).

6.3.2 The north western corner of the woodland had been felled and piles of deadwood had been left on the ground with bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) forming dense ground cover (Target note 2; Photograph 2).

6.4 Coniferous woodland

6.4.1 The woodland along the western edge of the site was dominated by Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) with occasional silver birch (Betula pendula) and the understorey was much thinner (Target note 3; Photograph 3).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 12 - 6.5 Tall ruderal vegetation

6.5.1 Along the northern edge by the wooden fence, tall ruderal vegetation had established in the recently felled area. Common nettles (Urtica dioica) were abundant with garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), wavy bitter-cress (Cardamine flexuosa), Herb-Robert (Geranium robertianum) and broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) present also (Photograph 4).

6.6 Fauna

6.6.1 There were mammal diggings in the felled area likely to be those made by foxes (Vulpes vulpes).

6.7 Site overview

6.7.1 Site 137 consisted of amenity grassland on a residential plot called Sandbanks (Photograph 5). Piles of bricks and timber were stored on the northern boundary of the site covered with bramble (Rubus fruticosus) (Target note 4; Photograph 6). A defunct hedgerow formed the eastern and southern boundaries (Target note 5; Photograph 7) and an intact hedgerow (Target note 6) and wooden fence formed the southern and eastern boundaries. The brick-built house was on the western side of the site.

6.8 Habitats

6.8.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 137: amenity grassland, intact hedgerow and defunct hedgerow.

6.8.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.9 Amenity grassland

6.9.1 The amenity grassland on site was dominated by perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), field wood rush (Luzula campestris) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some frequent such as dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), creeping

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 13 - buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) (Photograph 5).

6.10 Defunct hedgerow

6.10.1 A line of trees formed the eastern and northern boundaries. The tree species included silver birch (Betula pendula), oak (Quercus robur), hazel (Corylus avellana) and beech (Fagus sylvatica). Bamboo (Arundinaria sp.), Rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) and gorse (Ulex europaeus) had established between the mature trees (Target note 5).

6.11 Intact hedge

6.11.1 An intact privet hedgerow (Ligustrum sp.) formed part of the southern and western boundaries of the site. Cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus), holly (Ilex aquifolium), Potentilla (Potentilla fruticosa) and gorse (Ulex europaeus) were growing in the western hedgerow (Target note 6).

6.12 Fauna

6.12.1 There were piles of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) droppings on the grassland.

6.13 Site overview

6.13.1 Site 122 consisted of amenity grassland on two residential plots called Fern Lodge bungalow and Dolyhir (Photograph 8). A defunct hedgerow formed the northern and western boundary (Target note 5) and an intact hedgerow (Target note 7) and wooden fence formed the eastern boundary. The brick-built house was in the centre of the site. A beech hedgerow (Target note 8) divided the two residential plots but the amenity grassland was continuous between the two plots.

6.14 Habitats

6.14.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 122: amenity grassland, intact hedgerow and defunct hedgerow.

6.14.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 14 - 6.15 Amenity grassland

6.15.1 The amenity grassland on site was dominated by perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne), field wood rush (Luzula campestris) common bent (Agrostis tenuis), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum). Herbaceous plants had established amongst the sward, some frequent such as white clover (Trifolium repens), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), daisy (Bellis perennis), wavy bitter-cress (Cardamine flexuosa), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) (Photograph 8).

6.15.2 Wild flower seed had been scattered on the grassland in the south eastern corner to the rear of the Dolyhir house with the plants that had established including fox-and-cubs (Pilosella aurantiaca), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens), sheep’s sorrel (Rumex acetosella), field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis), cowslip (Primula veris) and cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis) (Target note 9; Photograph 9).

6.16 Intact hedgerow

6.16.1 There was a thick Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) hedgerow in the north eastern corner of the site and the remaining eastern boundary was a wooden fence (Target note 7).

6.16.2 An intact beech hedgerow (Fagus sylvatica) formed the boundary between the two residential plots (Target note 8).

6.17 Defunct hedgerow

6.17.1 The western and northern boundaries were formed by defunct hedgerows comprised of oak (Quercus robur), elm (Ulmus procera), silver birch (Betula pendula), Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), hazel (Corylus avellana) and rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) (Target note 5). The northern boundary had a mound covered with common nettles (Urtica dioica) and a bluebell patch (Hyacinthoides non-scripta) beyond.

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 15 - 6.18 Trees

6.18.1 In the front garden there were scattered trees in the amenity grassland such as cherry (Prunus sp.), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), yew (Taxus baccata), Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii), oak (Quercus robur) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) (Photograph 9). Apple (Malus sp.) and cherry trees (Prunus sp.) were scattered in the grassland beyond the beech hedgerow (Fagus sylvatica) to the south west of the site.

6.19 Site overview

6.19.1 Site 78 consisted of a large expanse of mixed woodland (Photographs 10 & 11) surrounding patches of amenity and poor semi-improved grassland (Photograph 12). A large brick-built building used as offices called Brackens with slate tiles was situated in the northern half of the site accessed by a driveway from the north east (Target note 10; Photograph 13). Four further small brick-built buildings were situated to the north west (Target note 11). A pond was situated in the middle of the amenity grassland to the south surrounded by poor semi-improved grassland (Target note 12; Photograph 14).

6.20 Habitats

6.20.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 78: mixed woodland, amenity grassland, poor semi-improved grassland and a pond.

6.20.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.21 Mixed woodland

6.21.1 The mixed woodland extended along the western, southern and eastern boundaries of the site. In places the woodland was dominated by Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) such as the south western corner with occasional other broadleaved trees interspersed amongst the pine trees such as silver birch (Betula pendula), downy birch (Betula pubescens), beech (Fagus sylvatica), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and oak (Quercus robur) (Target note 13; Photograph 10). In other places beech (Fagus sylvatica),

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 16 - sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and oak (Quercus robur) dominated such as the western edge of the amenity grassland (Target note 14; Photograph 15).

6.21.2 The understorey was thick with invasive species including rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) and Rose-of-Sharon (Hypericum calycinum). In occasional open patches in the woodland, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), common nettle (Urtica dioica) and broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) had established.

6.21.3 Amongst the woodland, predominantly in more open patches to the north of the site, were Wellingtonia trees (Sequoiadendron giganteum).

6.22 Amenity grassland

6.22.1 To the north, around the buildings and to the south of the site, patches of amenity grassland had been closely mown. The grassland was dominated by field wood rush (Luzula campestris) and perennial rye-grass (Lolium perenne) with occasional herbaceous plants such as common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), germander speedwell (Veronica chamaedrys), red clover (Trifolium pratense), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), greater plantain (Plantago major), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), creeping cinquefoil (Potentilla reptans) and daisy (Bellis perennis) established within the sward (Photograph 12).

6.22.2 The residential plot called Pinewood Lodge had a patch of amenity grassland to the rear of the property and at the front. The grassland was dominated by common, widespread species such as perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), red fescue (Festuca rubra), field wood rush (Luzula campestris) and Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus). Herbaceous plants had established occasionally such as creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), common bird’s-foot-trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), common mouse-ear (Cerastium fontanum), hawkweed (Hieracium officinale agg.), daisy (Bellis perennis), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale agg.), white clover (Trifolium repens) and greater plantain (Plantago major). Occasional crab apple trees (Malus sylvestris) grew n the north western corner of the back garden (Photograph 16).

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 17 - 6.23 Poor semi-improved grassland

6.23.1 Areas around the perimeter of the amenity grassland towards the south of the site had been left uncut and had become tussocky with a greater diversity of plants visible than in the adjacent mown areas . Additional species observed included rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), red fescue (Festuca rubra) and sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum) and further herbaceous plants included greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), common bird’s-foot-trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), white clover (Trifolium repens), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense) and cleavers (Galium aparine) (Photograph 12).

6.24 Pond

6.24.1 In the southern area of amenity grassland, there was a shallow pond with a fallen oak tree (Quercus robur), goat willow (Salix caprea) and silver birch (Betula pendula) shading the pond area (Target note 12; Photograph 14).

6.25 Site overview

6.25.1 Site 49 consisted of a large expanse of woodland in patches of coniferous plantation that developed into broadleaved woodland in the wetter areas along the drains. Open areas supported dry dwarf shrub heath. The drains converged into a pond in the centre of the site.

6.26 Habitats

6.26.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 49: coniferous plantation, wet dwarf shrub heath, dry dwarf shrub heath, drains/wet ditches and a pond.

6.26.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.27 Coniferous plantation woodland

6.27.1 The majority of the site was dominated by Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) plantation woodland with a rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 18 - understorey, in some places this was very dense but also present were occasional holly (Ilex aquifolium), immature sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and silver birch (Betula pendula) (Photograph 17; Target note 15).

6.27.2 Along paths and in open patches, herbaceous plant species had managed to establish themselves such as sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), rough meadow grass (Poa trivialis), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), common bent (Agrostis tenuis), common sedge (Carex nigra), soft rush (Juncus effusus), meadow vetchling (Lathyrus pratensis) and tormentil (Potentilla erecta).

6.28 Wet dwarf shrub heath

6.28.1 Along the stretches close to the drains/wet ditches downy birch (Betula pubescens) became a prominent tree species, with occasional oak (Quercus robur) and ash trees (Fraxinus sylvatica). The ground was dominated by clumps of purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) and in the wetter areas close to the drains sphagnum moss and cross-leaved heather (Erica tetralix) dominated (Photograph 18; Target note 16). Rose-of- Sharon (Hypericum calycinum) had established in clumps near to the drains.

6.29 Dry dwarf shrub heath

6.29.1 In drier open areas, heathland purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea), bell- heather (Erica cinerea) and heather (Calluna vulgaris) were more abundant with occasional heath wood-rush (Luzula multiflora), wavy hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa) and heath rush (Juncus squarrosus) being noted. An area in the south had been burned. In the south western corner of the site, gorse (Ulex europaeus) was dominating the heathland and the ground was much drier (Photograph 19; Target note 17).

6.30 Drains/wet ditches

6.30.1 Drains ran from north to south and then to the east and west. In the south of the site, the drains had converged into a pond (Photograph 21; Target note 18).

John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 19 - 6.31 Site overview

6.31.1 Site 204 consisted of an area of broadleaved woodland with a thick gorse understory surrounding a National Grid site. The site was accessed via a private road off New Forest Ride.

6.32 Habitats

6.32.1 The following phase 1 habitat types were observed during the survey of site 204: broadleaved woodland.

6.32.2 The habitat types are described below in detail; their distribution in shown on the site plan in Appendix 1, the site photographs are in Appendix 2 with associated target notes in Appendix 3.

6.33 Broadleaved woodland

6.33.1 The site was dominated by broadleaved woodland with silver birch (Betula pendula), aspen (Populus tremula) and downy birch (Betula pubescens) in abundance. There were also frequent goat willow trees (Salix caprea) and the occasional oak (Quercus robur), beech (Fagus sylvatica), Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior). On the northern boundary the woodland was dominated by a stand of young birch trees (Betula sp.). Towards the north east of the site, the beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak trees (Quercus robur) were more mature with a thick rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) understorey. In the centre of the site a dense stand of gorse (Ulex europaeus) was thick and impenetrable (Photograph 21; Target note 19).

6.33.2 Where the gorse (Ulex europaeus) and rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) was thinner, other plants had established such as fern, greater stitchwort (Stellaria holostea), Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus), red fescue (Festuca rubra), cock’s-foot (Dactylis glomerata), common ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), soft rush (Juncus effusus), cleavers (Galium aparine), common vetch (Vicia sativa), sweet vernal grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), wood avens (Geum urbanum), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense) and broadleaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius).

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 20 - 6.34 Fauna

6.34.1 A hole has been made in the northern fence boundary typical of a fox (Vulpes vulpes) (Target note 20).

6.35 Existing data search

6.35.1 The Binfield Badger Group had two old records of dead badgers in Broad Area 8; one in 1992 on London Road (SU895689) between the two halves of the Broad Area and one in 1994 on the A329 junction with Priory Road (SU900689) in the north eastern corner of the southern half of the Broad Area.

6.35.2 The Berkshire and South Buckinghamshire Bat Group search revealed a record of two pipistrelle roosts (Pipistrellus sp.); one within the 1 kilometre grid square that Broad Area 8 lies and one in the 1 kilometre grid square to the east of Broad Area 8. There is a record of a brown long-eared roost (Plecotus auritus) in the 1 kilometre grid square to the south east of the Broad Area. There is also a record of a pipistrelle (Pipistrellus sp.) and serotine (Eptesicus serotinus) from Englemere Pond to the east of the Broad Area.

6.35.3 John Wenman Ecological Consultancy has records of brown long-eared (Plecotus auritus) droppings and serotine (Eptesicus serotinus) and pipistrelle (Pipistrellus sp.) bats foraging at a house in the residential area just north of Broad Area 8 in 2008. A soprano pipistrelle maternity roost and separate common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), serotine (Eptesicus serotinus) and brown long-eared (Plecotus auritus) non-breeding roosts were found in houses on Prince Consort Drive, just 700 metres to the south east in 2008 and 2009.

6.35.4 The search of data held by the Thames Valley Environmental Record Centre revealed old records from 1993 of a palmate newt (Lissotriton helvetica), smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris), common frog (Rana temporaria) and common toad (Bufo bufo) on Long Hill Pit in the northern half of Broad Area 8. All reptiles and amphibians are protected under Schedule 5 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act (WCA) and the common toad is a Priority Species under Section 41 of the Natural Environment and

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 21 - Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006. Several bird species have been recorded in Swinley Forest within the Broad Area which included a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), swift (Apus apus), green woodpecker (Picus viridis), wood lark (Lullula arborea) and tree pipit (Anthus trivialis) in 2005. The wood lark is listed on Annex I of the European Birds Directive and protected under Schedule 1 of the WCA and is a Priority Species under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006. Tree pipits are Priority Species and on the red list for Birds of Conservation Concern and the swift is a Bracknell Local Biodiversity Action Plan Species. The remaining birds recorded are all on the amber list.

6.35.5 The Record Centre’s data search revealed a large number of records at Long Hill Park, just to the west of the Broad Area. There were records of mammals such as the badger (Meles meles) from 2003 and reptiles and amphibians such as the common frog (Rana temporaria), common toad (Bufo bufo), smooth newt (Triturus vulgaris), palmate newt (Triturus helveticus), common lizard (Lacerta vivipara) and the grass snake (Natrix natrix). A nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) has been recorded at Whitmoor Bog just across the railway line to the south of the Broad Area. The nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) is a Bracknell Local Biodiversity Action Plan Species, a Priority Species under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and is on the red list for Birds of Conservation Concern.

6.35.6 Englemere Pond Local Nature Reserve (LNR) also designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) lies to the west of the Broad Area just across Swinley Road. The site has a large pond surrounded by a wide fringe of reed swamp that grades into an interesting plant community typical of base-poor conditions. The site includes a catchment area of secondary woodland with pine (Pinus sylvestris), birch (Betula pendula) and oak (Quercus robur) on acid soils, together with a small fragment of heathland. Records from 2003-2005 include the crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) and brambling (Fringilla montifringilla) - bird species protected under Schedule 1 of the WCA – the spotted flycatcher (Muscicapa striata) and song thrush (Turdus philomelos) – priority species under Section 41 of the NERC Act 2006 and on the red list for Birds of Conservation Concern.

6.35.7 Swinley Park and Brick Pits is a SSSI approximately 500 metres to the south of the Broad Area. The site is part of the Crown Estate forest John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 22 - including, in Swinley Park, the most important concentration of ancient broadleaved trees remaining in the southern sector of Windsor Forest. The site also includes Swinley Brick Pits, an area of old clay pits including a number of small pools providing breeding sites for all three species of newts. There are numerous records of bird species protected under Schedule 1 of the WCA including the hobby (Falco subbuteo), whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), wood lark (Lullula arborea), firecrest (Regulus ignicapillus), Dartford warbler (Sylvia undata), crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) and the brambling (Fringilla montifringilla).

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 23 - 7 DISCUSSION

7.1 Assessment of existing ecological value

Woodland

7.1.1 The large areas of woodland within Broad Area 8 are primarily conifer plantation dominated by stands of Scot pine - a habitat of no special conservation importance. However, in areas, broadleaved tree species are more prevalent within the stands diversifying the woodland and in turn increasing its ecological value as a resource for a range of woodland species such as invertebrates, birds and bats, and when considered as a part of the woodland to the south of the Area, it is likely to be of local ecological value at the district level.

7.1.2 Badger (Meles meles) activity was recorded in the early 1990’s along London Road and therefore the woodland to the south and land to the north could be used for foraging and potential sites for further badger sett entrances if they are still present.

Heathland

7.1.3 The heathland habitats within the open areas of Site 49 support a range of native plant species typical of acidic soils typical of lowland heathland habitats – a UK and Bracknell Forest Biodiversity Action Plan priority habitat. The heathland is a relatively small component of the woodland and less extensive than larger areas of heathland elsewhere within the borough that are considered to be of national and count level conservation importance; however as an example of a relatively rare habitat within the UK and with potential for enhancement through appropriate management, it is considered to be of district and potentially county level ecological importance.

7.1.4 The wet and dry heathland, and woodland edge habitats on site 49 is an ideal habitat for conservation priority reptiles such as the adder (Vipera berus), grass snake (Natrix natrix) and common lizard (Lacerta vivipara). A common lizard was recorded on site in the wetter area to the south during the walkover survey. Furthermore, the habitats, particularly in conjunction

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 24 - with the associated network of ditches and ponds, are likely to be of value to range of invertebrates including local priority species such as dragonflies and damselflies, and key heathland bird species may utilise the habitats as a foraging resource and nesting site.

Grassland

7.1.5 There are small isolated patches of amenity grassland on site around the residential properties and office buildings. The swards were dominated by widespread and abundant plant species of no special conservation importance and had a uniformly short sward offering no foraging or sheltering opportunities for fauna of conservation importance that may be associated with grassland such as reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates.

Buildings

7.1.6 The residential and office buildings in the Broad Area may have potential for use by nesting birds and roosting bats. The surrounding woodland habitats are rich in invertebrates and therefore favoured as roosting sites for bats and any crevices in the buildings can potentially be used by roosting bats and/or nesting birds.

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 25 - 8 RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Phase 2 ecological survey

8.1.1 The woodland and heathland in the Broad Area have the potential to support reptiles. A survey for the presence of reptiles should be carried out and should comprise a minimum of seven survey visits to check artificial refugia set out on the site in advance; surveys can be carried out in suitable conditions between March and October, but are most profitable when carried out in April, May and September (Froglife 1999).

8.1.2 A survey of all ponds within 500 metres of the Broad Area and the pond on site 49 and site 78 for the presence of great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) should be carried out to establish their presence or absence. Ordnance Survey mapping shows one pond outside of the Broad Area, but within 500 metres, that may be a potential breeding site also. The surrounding woodland and wet heathland habitat also offers terrestrial habitat for newts and they are known to range within at least a 500m radius from their ponds. Further survey should be undertaken for this species following standard survey guidelines i.e. four survey visits to each pond between mid March and mid June with at least two carried out between mid April and mid May (English Nature 2001).

8.1.3 Old records of badger (Meles meles) activity has been recorded in the vicinity of London Road. The surrounding woodlands to the south and grassland to the north also have the potential to support badgers and therefore a survey to identify and accurately plot the location of any badger sett entrances in relation to Broad Area 8 should be undertaken during the peak period of badger activity i.e. from March onwards to monitor use.

8.1.4 A bat survey of the buildings in Broad Area 8 and the mature trees is required to assess fully their potential to support roosting bats. If features of potential for roosting bats are recorded, further survey to confirm the presence or absence of bats should take place consisting of evening emergence surveys supported by dawn re-entry surveys carried out with the aid of bat detectors. Emergence surveys should be carried out between May and September. A bat activity survey of the woodland in Broad Area 8

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 26 - should be undertaken to determine the use of the land by bats and the location of the bat commuting routes and foraging areas.

8.1.5 A breeding bird survey of the habitats within Broad Area 8 should be undertaken to determine the bird species using the sites and the importance of the habitats. The survey should be based on the methods of the British Trust for Ornithology’s Common Bird Census.

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 27 - 9 REFERENCES

Bat Conservation Trust (2007). Bat Surveys – Good Practice Guidelines. Bat Conservation Trust, London.

Gent, T. & Gibson, S. (2003). Herpetofauna Workers’ Manual. JNCC, Peterborough.

Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) (2007). Handbook for Phase 1 habitat survey – A technique for environmental audit. JNCC, Peterborough.

Langton, T. E. S., Beckett, C. L. & Foster, J.P. (2001). Great crested newt conservation handbook. Froglife, Halesworth.

Mitchell-Jones, A. J. & McLeish, A. P. (2004). Bat Workers’ Manual (3RD Edition). JNCC, Peterborough.

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 28 -

APPENDIX 1 PHASE 1 SURVEY PLAN

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APPENDIX 2 SITE PHOTOGRAPHS

1. The broadleaved woodland on site 125 2. The felled area in the north western corner of site 125.

3. The coniferous woodland on site 125. 4. The tall ruderal vegetation in the north western corner of site 125.

5. The amenity grassland on site 137. 6. The piles of bricks and timber covered by bramble on site 137.

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 30 -

7. The defunct hedgerow along the eastern 8. The amenity grassland and the northern boundary of site 137. boundary on site 122.

9. The scattered trees in the front garden of 10. The mixed woodland on site 78. site 122 and the amenity grassland in the south eastern corner.

11. The mixed woodland on site 78. 12. The amenity grassland with patches of uncut poor semi-improved grassland on site 78.

13. The Brackens main building on site 78 14. The pond on site 78. John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 31 -

15. Area of woodland dominated by beech on 16. Amenity grassland around Pinewood site 78. Lodge on site 78.

17. Coniferous plantation woodland on site 49. 18.Birch dominated woodland and wet heathland on Site 49.

19. Dry dwarf shrub heath on site 49. 20. Pond in the south of site 49.

21. Broadleaved woodland and thick gorse on site 20.

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APPENDIX 3 TARGET NOTES Comments 1 Broadleaved woodland dominated by sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and frequent patches of silver birch (Betula pendula) and occasional beech (Fagus sylvatica). In the centre of the woodland there was a coppiced area with many multi-stemmed silver birch trees (Betula pendula). The understorey was patchy but the rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) grew thick on the northern side of the site. The understorey also comprised of holly (Ilex aquifolium) and bracken (Photograph 1). 2 Felled woodland with piles of deadwood on the ground with bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and bracken growing thickly (Photograph 2). 3 Coniferous woodland dominated by Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) with occasional silver birch (Betula pendula) (Photograph 3). 4 Piles of bricks and timber covered with bramble (Rubus fruticosus) (Photograph 6). 5 Defunct hedgerow (Photograph 7). 6 Intact hedgerow and wooden fence. 7 Thick Leyland cypress (Cupressocyparis leylandii) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) hedgerow. 8 Intact native beech hedgerow. 9 Wild flower seed had been scattered on the grassland with plants such as fox-and-cubs (Pilosella aurantiaca), green alkanet (Pentaglottis sempervirens), sheep’s sorrel (Rumex acetosella), field forget-me-not (Myosotis arvensis), cowslip (Primula veris) and cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis) visible within the sward (Photograph 9). 10 Large brick-built building with slate tiles called Brackens accessed by a driveway from the north east (Photograph 13). 11 Four further small brick-built buildings. 12 A pond surrounded by poor semi-improved grassland (Photograph 14). 13 Mixed woodland, in places dominated by Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) with occasional other broadleaved trees interspersed amongst the pine trees such as silver birch (Betula pendula), downy birch (Betula pubescens), beech (Fagus sylvatica), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and oak (Quercus robur) (Photograph 10). 14 Mixed woodland, in places dominated by beech (Fagus sylvatica), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and oak (Quercus robur) (Photograph 15). 15 Coniferous plantation woodland dominated by Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) with a rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) understorey, in some places very thick and occasional holly (Ilex aquifolium), immature sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) and silver birch (Betula pendula) (Photograph 17). 16 More downy birch (Betula pubescens), oak (Quercus robur) and ash trees (Fraxinus sylvatica). The ground was dominated by clumps of purple moor-grass (Molinia caerulea) and in the wetter areas close to the drains sphagnum and cross-leaved heather (Erica tetralix) dominated (Photograph 18). Rose-of-Sharon (Hypericum calycinum) had established in clumps near to the drains. 17 Dry dwarf shrub heath with species such as purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea), bell- heather (Erica cinerea), cut-leaved heather (Erica tetralix) and the occasional heath wood-rush (Luzula multiflora), wavy hair grass (Deschampsia flexuosa) and heath rush (Juncus squarrosus). In the south western corner, gorse (Ulex europaeus) was dominating the heathland and the ground was much drier (Photograph 19). 18 The drains had converged into a small pond (Photograph 21). 19 Broadleaved woodland with silver birch (Betula pendula), aspen (Populus tremula) and downy birch (Betula pubescens) in abundance. There were also frequent goat willow trees (Salix caprea) and the occasional oak (Quercus robur), beech (Fagus sylvatica), Scot’s pine (Pinus sylvestris) and ash (Fraxinus excelsior). On the northern boundary the woodland was dominated by a stand of young birch trees (Betula sp.). Towards the north east of the site, the beech (Fagus sylvatica) and oak trees (Quercus robur) were more mature with a thick rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum) understorey. In the centre of the site the gorse (Ulex europaeus) was thick and impenetrable (Photograph 21). 20 A hole in the fence likely to be used by a fox (Vulpes vulpes).

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 33 -

APPENDIX 4 PLANT SPECIES RECORDED DURING THE SURVEY Plant common name Scientific name Alder Alnus glutinosa Annual meadow grass Poa annua Apple Malus sp. Ash Fraxinus excelsior Aspen Populus tremula Bamboo Arundinaria sp. Beech Fagus sylvatica Bell heather Erica cinerea Bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Broad-leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius Buddleia Buddleia davidii Bulrush Typha latifolia Cherry sp. Prunus sp. Cherry laurel Prunus laurocerasus Cleavers Galium aparine Cock’s-foot Dactylis glomerata Common bent Agrostis tenuis Common bird’s-foot-trefoil Lotus corniculatus Common mouse-ear Cerastium fontanum Common nettle Urtica dioica Common ragwort Senecio jacobaea Common sedge Carex nigra Common sorrel Rumex acetosa Common vetch Vicia sativa Cowslip Primula veris Crab apple Malus sylvestris Creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens Creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans Creeping thistle Cirsium arvense Cross-leaved heath Erica tetralix Cuckooflower Cardamine pratensis Daffodil Narcissus pseudo narcissus Daisy Bellis perennis Dandelion Taraxacum officinale agg. Douglas fir Geranium molle Downy birch Betula pubescens English elm Ulmus procera Field forget-me-not Myosotis arvensis Field wood rush Luzula campestris Forsythia Forsythia sp. Fox-and-cubs Pilosella aurantiaca Foxglove Digitalis purpurea Garlic mustard Alliaria petiolata Germander speedwell Veronica chamaedrys Goat willow Salix caprea Gorse Ulex europaeus Greater plantain Plantago major Greater stitchwort Stellaria holostea Green alkanet Pentaglottis sempervirens Hawkweed Hieracium agg. Hazel Corylus avellana Heath wood-rush Luzula multiflora Heather Calluna vulgaris Heath rush Juncus squarrosus Herb Robert Geranium robertianum Holly Ilex aquifolium Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum Horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Ivy Hedera helix John Wenman Ecological Consultancy 14/09/2010

Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 34 - Lesser celandine Ranunculus ficaria Leyland cypress Cupressocyparis leylandii Lime Tilia x europaeus Meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris Meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis Pampas grass Cortaderia selloana Pedunculate oak Quercus robur Perennial rye grass Lolium perenne Potentilla (garden variety) Potentilla fruticosa Privet Ligustrum sp. Purple moor-grass Molinia caerulea Red clover Trifolium pratense Red fescue Festuca rubra Rhododendron Rhododendron ponticum Ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata Rose-of-sharon Hypericum calycinum Rough meadow grass Poa trivialis Scot’s pine Pinus sylvestris Sheep’s sorrel Rumex acetosella Silver birch Betula pendula Smooth meadow grass Poa pratensis Soft rush Juncus effusus St John’s wort (garden variety) Hypericum sp. Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa Sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum Sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Tormentil Potentilla erecta Wavy bitter-cress Cardamine flexuosa Wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa Wellingtonia Sequoiadendron giganteum White clover Trifolium repens Wood avens Geum urbanum Yarrow Achillea millefolium Yew Taxus baccata Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus

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Broad Area 8, east Bracknell - phase 1 ecological survey (R70b) - 35 -