Beginner's Guide to Football
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Canopy Rainfall Interception Measured Over 10 Years in a Coastal Plain Loblolly Pine
CANOPY RAINFALL INTERCEPTION MEASURED OVER TEN YEARS IN A COASTAL PLAIN LOBLOLLY PINE (PINUS TAEDA L.) PLANTATION M. J. Gavazzi, G. Sun, S. G. McNulty, E. A. Treasure, M. G. Wightman ABSTRACT. The area of planted pine in the southern U.S. is predicted to increase by over 70% by 2060, potentially alter- ing the natural hydrologic cycle and water balance at multiple scales. To better account for potential shifts in water yield, land managers and resource planners must accurately quantify water budgets from the stand to the regional scale. The amount of precipitation as rainfall intercepted by forest canopies is an important component of evapotranspiration in for- ested ecosystems, yet there is little information about intra- and inter-annual canopy interception variability in southern pine plantations. To address this knowledge gap, canopy rainfall interception was measured between 2005 and 2014 in a North Carolina coastal plain loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation to quantify the range of annual and seasonal varia- bility in interception rates (IRs) as influenced by stand thinning and natural variation in rainfall rates and intensities. Over the study period, biweekly measured canopy IRs averaged 19% across all years, with a range of 14% to 23%. How- ever, at the annual scale, IRs averaged 12% and ranged from 2% to 17%. Thinning resulted in a 5% decrease in rainfall interception, but IRs quickly returned to pre-thin levels. Across years, the amount of annual rainfall intercepted by the canopy averaged 15% of total evapotranspiration, with a range of 2% to 24%. The decade-long data indicate that inter- annual variability of canopy interception is higher than reported in short-term studies. -
LCIRSA Flag Football Rules
LCIRSA Flag Football Rules Certain risks of injury are inherent to participation in sports and recreational activities. These types of injuries may be minor or serious and may result from one’s own actions, the actions of others, or a combination of both. In Intramural Sports, injuries to ankles, knees, and shoulders, and the head are common. Serious injuries, (including death, broken bones, broken ankle, back & neck injuries, head injuries, and paralysis) can occur from, but not limited to, contact with other participants (such as colliding), contact with the ground while sliding and/or tripping, severe injuries due to running on an uneven field. LCIRSA playing rules and interpretations are governed directly by those established by NIRSA. Below are modifications deemed necessary. Rules/interpretations not addressed here will be governed by the NIRSA NATIONAL TOUCH AND FLAG FOOTBALL RULE BOOK. GAME PLAY Equipment o No protective equipment may be worn; i.e. helmets, shoulder or hip pads. The game official must approve all protective materials (tape, pads, etc.) Casts are illegal equipment. Mouth and teeth mouthpiece are strongly recommended. o Shoes must be worn at all times. Shoes with metal or screw-in cleats are not allowed. Shoes must be one piece molded plastic/rubber or regular tennis shoes. o Jewelry of any type is considered illegal equipment. o Shirts must be worn with the tails tucked inside pants. No cut off shirts will be allowed. Shirts may not be altered in any manner that produces a knot-like protrusion or creates a tear-away jersey. o Shorts or pants with belt loops drawstrings or pockets are NOT ALLOWED. -
Historical Study on the Relation Between Ancient Chinese Cuju and Modern Football
2018 4th International Conference on Innovative Development of E-commerce and Logistics (ICIDEL 2018) Historical Study on the Relation between Ancient Chinese Cuju and Modern Football Xiaoxue Liu1, Yanfen Zhang2, and Xuezhi Ma3 1Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P. R. China 2Department of Life Sciences; Xinxiang University, Xinxiang Henan Province, Eastern Section of Hua Lan Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang City, Henan, China 3Beijing Sport University Wushu School, Information Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Ancient Chinese Cuju, Modern Football, Relationship, Development, The Same Origin Abstract: This paper studies on the origin and development of Chinese Cuju through document retrieval. Born in the period of Dongyi civilization, Chinese Cuju began to take shape during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, and gradually flourished during the Qin, Han, Tang and Song dynasties. Through the economic and cultural exchange between China and the West in the past ages, Cuju was introduced into Europe when Mongol expedited westward in Yuan Dynasty. Finally, it has become the modern football, which originated from ancient Chinese Cuju and developed from European competition rules and now is widely accepted and popular in the world. 1. The Cultural Background of the Study On July 15th, 2004, Mr. Blatter, the president of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) officially announced in the 3rd session of Soccerex Fair, that football originated in Zibo, the capital of Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China. Cuju (ancient football game) began in China, while modern football (eleven -player game) originated in England. -
Sports and Games in the Middle Ages
Sports and Games in the Middle Ages Medieval sport was an exciting spectator event and, much like today, it drew large crowds. Most sports were enjoyed on Sundays and on feast days when folk did not have to work and were free to pursue leisure activities. Many of the popular sports played in the Middle Ages are the predecessors of modern sports. Football One early form of football, first described in a twelfth- century account of London, was a combination of football and rugby and involved carrying the ball into the goal. Another, ‘camp-ball’, was played in a large open field, sometimes several miles long, and by an unlimited number of players. Neighbouring villages might take each other on and riots could ensue. Handball, golf and hockey evolved from this game. At this time balls were made of leather and stuffed with either cloth or straw; or pig bladders filled with dried peas were used. Early forms of football have been played since medieval times. Bowling Bowling was greatly enjoyed in medieval times. There were various forms of the game. Some were like skittles whilst others were similar to boules or petanque. It is thought that marbles was a mini form of bowls developed especially for children. Other Sports Caich was a game resembling modern-day racquetball. Players would bounce a ball against a wall using a pole or bat. However, as caich required a specialized ball it was only played in urban settings by people of at least moderate economic standing. Ice skating was a popular winter pastime. -
Version 3.4 OFFICIAL RULE BOOK
NATIONAL FLAG FOOTBALL RULES Version 3.4 OFFICIAL RULE BOOK 1 NATIONAL FLAG FOOTBALL RULES Version 3.4 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 PLAYING TIME 3 DIVISIONS 3 FORMAT 3 PLAYER ATTIRE 3 EQUIPMENT 3 COACHES 3 POSSESSIONS 4 ONE WAY FIELD SET UP 4 TWO WAY FIELD SET UP 5 GENERAL OFFENSE 5 PASSING GAME 6 RECEIVING GAME 6 RUNNING GAME 6 GENERAL DEFENSE 6 FLAG PULLING 6 INTERCEPTIONS 7 NO RUN ZONES 7 RUSHING OF THE QUARTERBACK 7 REPLAY OF DOWN 7 DEAD BALLS 8 SCORING 8 EXTRA POINTS 8 SAFETIES 9 TIME SITUATIONS 8 OVERTIME 8 FORFEITS 9 PROTEST RULE 9 GENERAL PENALTY INFORMATION 9 WARNINGS 9 OFFENSIVE PENALTIES 9 DEFENSIVE PENALTIES 10 EJECTIONS 10 SPORTSMANSHIP 10 2 NATIONAL FLAG FOOTBALL RULES Version 3.4 PLAYING TIME All children should receive equal playing time for both offense and defense in each game they participate in. Coaches are asked to monitor each other and report any infractions that they see. If a coach is caught not evenly rotating his/her players, disciplinary action will be taken. DIVISIONS Players are placed on teams using a variety of methods including but not limited to school and grade. Teams are placed into divisions based on grade level. Divisions may be separate or combined depending on the number of children registered. Divisions are as follows: o Lombardi Division (Usually 1st grade and younger) o Shula Division (Usually 2nd and/or 3rd grade) o Madden Division (Usually 4th grade and older) FORMAT The game is played with five (5) players. However, a minimum of four (4) players must be on the field at all times. -
Mini-Stability Ball Exercise Manual
Mini-Stability Ball Exercise Manual Sculpt lean muscle, increase mobility, improve your posture, and strengthen your core with this easy to use exercise guide Table of Contents Page 1 Introduction Page 2-21 Abs Page 22-27 Thighs Page 28-37 Glutes Page 38-41 Arms Page 42-43 Back Introduction The Open BarreTM Mini Exercise Ball is used to more effectively & efficiently target the muscles you’re strengthening. It’s very important to pay attention to the correct alignment of each exercise, so make sure you read through and understand the set-up of the exercise beforehand. It’ll ensure that you’re keeping your body safe as well as using your time wisely. The ball is inflatable and deflatable, so you can use the straw (or a pump) to fill it to your desired firmness level. Generally, the firmer the ball, the more challenging! It will start to lose air over time, so you can simply pull the white cap out (or dig into the ball to locate the tip of the plug and press it out from the inside), blow/ pump more air into the ball, and replace the cap nice and tight. It’s ok that some air will escape before plugging it back up with the cap. Just make sure that you blow up the ball a tad more than desired... and of course try to be quick with the plug to stop the air-loss. For more exercises and tutorials, visit http://vimeo.com/openbarrefitness. 1 Abs / 1. Incline leg-drop Starting position set up: - Lying on your back, press your hips up and position the ball directly under your hips/tailbone. -
SCYF Football
Football 101 SCYF: Football is a full contact sport. We will help teach your child how to play the game of football. Football is a team sport. It takes 11 teammates working together to be successful. One mistake can ruin a perfect play. Because of this, we and every other football team practices fundamentals (how to do it) and running plays (what to do). A mistake learned from, is just another lesson in winning. The field • The playing field is 100 yards long. • It has stripes running across the field at five-yard intervals. • There are shorter lines, called hash marks, marking each one-yard interval. (not shown) • On each end of the playing field is an end zone (red section with diagonal lines) which extends ten yards. • The total field is 120 yards long and 160 feet wide. • Located on the very back line of each end zone is a goal post. • The spot where the end zone meets the playing field is called the goal line. • The spot where the end zone meets the out of bounds area is the end line. • The yardage from the goal line is marked at ten-yard intervals, up to the 50-yard line, which is in the center of the field. The Objective of the Game The object of the game is to outscore your opponent by advancing the football into their end zone for as many touchdowns as possible while holding them to as few as possible. There are other ways of scoring, but a touchdown is usually the prime objective. -
Super Bowl Bingo
SUPER BOWL BINGO RUSHING SPECIAL TEAMS OFFSIDE DIVING CATCH FAIR CATCH TOUCHDOWN TOUCHDOWN ROUGHING THE 35+ YARD PASS FACE MASK EXTRA POINT TRICK PLAY PASSER PASSING 35+ YARD KICKOFF WIDE RECEIVER JUMP OVER PLAYER NFC FIELD GOAL TOUCHDOWN RETURN TOUCHDOWN EXCESSIVE 30+ COMBINED AFC FIELD GOAL ONSIDE KICK TIE GAME AFTER 0-0 CELEBRATION POINTS 35+ YARD PUNT QUARTERBACK SACK INTERCEPTION HOLDING FIELD GOAL RETURN Created at https://gridirongames.com The Ultimate Solution for Managing Football Pools SUPER BOWL BINGO RUSHING 10+ AFC TEAM KICKOFF RETURN TOUCHDOWN DANCE NFC FIELD GOAL TOUCHDOWN POINTS TOUCHDOWN TWO-POINT ROUGHING THE TIE GAME AFTER 0-0 ONE-HANDED CATCH PASS INTERFERENCE CONVERSION PASSER EXTRA POINT FIRST DOWN DELAY OF GAME FIELD GOAL NFC TOUCHDOWN TIGHT END 20+ COMBINED BLOCKED KICK FAIR CATCH QUARTERBACK SACK TOUCHDOWN POINTS 35+ YARD KICKOFF QUARTERBACK 30+ COMBINED 35+ YARD PASS INTERCEPTION RETURN TOUCHDOWN POINTS Created at https://gridirongames.com The Ultimate Solution for Managing Football Pools SUPER BOWL BINGO DELAY OF GAME TIE GAME AFTER 0-0 FIRST DOWN ONE-HANDED CATCH AFC FIELD GOAL 35+ YARD PUNT 20+ COMBINED SPECIAL TEAMS ONSIDE KICK NFC TOUCHDOWN RETURN POINTS TOUCHDOWN PASSING DEFENSIVE PUNT PASS INTERFERENCE OFFSIDE TOUCHDOWN TOUCHDOWN RUNNING BACK EXCESSIVE ROUGHING THE 35+ YARD PASS SAFETY TOUCHDOWN CELEBRATION PASSER 10+ NFC TEAM JUMP OVER PLAYER HOLDING FACE MASK FAIR CATCH POINTS Created at https://gridirongames.com The Ultimate Solution for Managing Football Pools SUPER BOWL BINGO FUMBLE PUNT HOLDING DIVING -
FOOTBALL TEST REVIEW SHEET 1. in Order for a Touchdown to Be
FOOTBALL TEST REVIEW SHEET 1. In order for a touchdown to be counted, the ball must cross the goal line, not just the player. 2. The team can score 2 extra points if they return a blocked extra point. 3. The distance of a football field is 100 yds. 4. 4th down is considered a punting down. The punting down is when you fail to get a first down. 5. To get a first down, a player must move the ball 10 yds. 6. The team receives 3 pts for a field goal. 7. Each team is given 6 timeouts per game; Three each half. 8. The quarterback is an offensive player. 9. The kick after the touchdown is called the extra point; it is worth 1 pt. 10. When a receiver is hit by grabbing the jersey or being pushed while running, while trying to catch a pass, it is called pass interference. 11. When the player returning the punt waves their hand in the air, it is called a fair catch. 12. When a game ends in a tie, it goes into overtime. 13. Each quarter lasts 12 mins. 14. A reception is when the ball is caught on offense. 15. An interception is when the defense catches the ball. 16. When a punt is blocked, it can be advanced for a touchdown. 17. Three major penalties are holding, clipping, and a personal foul. 18. There are 11 players on the field at one time for each team. 19. If the defense recovers a fumble in the offenses end zone, it is a touchdown. -
Linebackers/ Defensive Ends 2017 Alabama All-Stars
2017 Alabama All-Stars Meet the 2017 Alabama All-Stars Linebackers/ Defensive Ends 2017 Alabama All-Stars ETHAN EDMONDSON SCOTTSBORO HIGH SCHOOL Defensive End (6-3, 255) 2017: The defensive end had 32 tackles and five sacks through 6 games and also had two receptions at tight end and one TD. CAREER: Ethan, who also plays basketball and is related to former NBA great Charles Barkley, has 143 career tackles and 18 sacks, 25 tackles for loss and on offense, seven catches with three TDs. COLLEGE CHOICE: Still undecided, he is considering Southern Miss, Troy, Mercer, South Alabama, Memphis and Rutgers. HEAD COACH: Don Jacobs. HIGHLIGHT LINK: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ln3AzJfflCw 2017 Alabama All-Stars LA’DEDRIC JACKSON SIDNEY LANIER HIGH SCHOOL Linebacker (6-2, 210) 2017: Picked up where he left off as a junior and is leading one of the state’s top defenses in tackles this season. CAREER: Had 172 tackles and 11 sacks as a junior. COLLEGE CHOICE: De-committed from Missouri in September. Kentucky, Lou- isville, Cincinnati, LSU, Ole Miss, South Alabama and Troy have offered. HEAD COACH: Marvin Cunningham. HIGHLIGHT LINK: Not available. 2017 Alabama All-Stars JACQUEZ JONES HILLCREST-TUSCALOOSA HS Linebacker (6-1, 215) 2017: The Patriots linebacker had 78 tackles through seven games. CAREER: Totaled 120 tackles in 11 games as a junior. His uncle Juwan Simpson played at Alabama and is currently in the CFL. COLLEGE CHOICE: Committed to Ole Miss. HEAD COACH: Sam Adams. HIGHLIGHT LINK: http://www.hudl.com/video/3/3904960/57e74252ed57ee46d85fb7c9 2017 Alabama All-Stars KADE KOLER BOB JONES HIGH SCHOOL Linebacker (6-2, 230) 2017: Has been a mainstay in the Patriots’ defense at LB. -
Flag Football Rules
Flag Football Rules Divisions Men’s and Women’s Leagues are offered Sub divisions may be created upon need of skill level 1. Team Requirements 1.1 A team shall consist of seven players. A team can play with a minimum of 6 players. 1.2 The offensive team must have 4 players within 1 yard of the line of scrimmage at the time of the snap. 1.3 All players must have checked in with the scorekeeper and be recorded on the game sheet before they are allowed to participate. 1.4 Substitutions are allowed between plays and during time-outs. 1.5 All games shall be played on the date and hour scheduled. BE ON TIME. 2. Equipment and Facilities 2.1 All players must wear shoes. 2.2 Rubber cleated shoes will be allowed. No metal screw-in cleats, open toe, open heel or hard soled shoes will be allowed. 2.3 Each player must wear pants or shorts without any belt(s), belt loop(s), pockets(s) or exposed drawstrings. A player may turn his/her shorts inside-out or tape his/her pockets in order to play. 2.4 All jewelry must be removed before participating. 2.5 Towels may not be worn, a towel may be kept behind the play. 2.6 Equipment such as helmets, billed hats, pads or braces worn above the waist, leg and knee braces made of hard, unyielding substances, or casts is strictly prohibited. Knee braces made of hard, unyielding substances covered on both sideswith all edges overlapped and any other hard substances covered with at least 2 inch of slow recovery rubber or similar material will be allowed. -
Uc Merced Intramural Sports
UC MERCED INTRAMURAL SPORTS 4 ON 4 FLAG FOOTBALL RULES ALL RULES NOT COVERED BY THIS SUPPLEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY CURRENT NIRSA FLAG AND TOUCH FOOTBALL RULES. G 5 20 25 20 5 G RULE 1: THE GAME 1.1 The game shall be played between 2 teams of 4 players each. Three players per team are required to avoid a forfeit. 1.2 No contact allowed, this includes any type of bumping on the line 1.3 A coin toss determines first possession 1.4 The offensive team takes possession of the ball at their 5-yard line and has three plays to cross mid-field. 1.5 Once a team crosses mid-field they have three plays to score. If the offense fails to score, the ball changes possession. 1.6 If the offensive team fails to cross mid-field, the ball changes possession. 1.7 All drives start from the 5-yard line except interceptions. 1.8 Each game is 40 minutes long, consisting of two 20-minute halves and a 2- minute halftime. At the end of regulation there will be 6 downs of play. 1.9 The clock will not stop unless a time out has been called or the official feels it is necessary. 1.10 Each time the ball is spotted, the offensive team has 30 seconds to snap the ball. 1.11 Teams may not snap the ball until the officials are set. (No Quick Snaps) 1.12 Each team has one 60 second time out per game. 1.13 Time outs will only stop the game clock for 60 seconds.