“Genesis Does What Nintendon’t: Sound Chips and Composer Culture in the 16-Bit Era” SMT 42 Columbus, OH Kevin R. Burke ([email protected]) November 7, 2019
Example 1. “China Town” from The Revenge of Shinobi (Sega, 1989), mm. 1–4 Yuzo Koshiro
“Genesis Does What Nintendon’t: Sound Chips and Composer Culture in the 16-Bit Era” SMT 42 Columbus, OH Kevin R. Burke ([email protected]) November 7, 2019
Example 2. “Omake 4” from Lightening [sic] Force (Technosoft, 1992), mm. 21–24 Toshiharu Yamanishi
“Genesis Does What Nintendon’t: Sound Chips and Composer Culture in the 16-Bit Era” SMT 42 Columbus, OH Kevin R. Burke ([email protected]) November 7, 2019
Example 3. “Stage 1 BGM” from Sol-Deace (Wolf Team, 1991), mm. 15–18 Motoi Sakuraba
“Genesis Does What Nintendon’t: Sound Chips and Composer Culture in the 16-Bit Era” SMT 42 Columbus, OH Kevin R. Burke ([email protected]) November 7, 2019
Figure 1. Wolf Team Sound Driver for Sega Genesis (Mega Drive) WOLF TEAM SOUND DRIVER FOR SEGA GENESIS (MEGA DRIVE)
FINAL ZONE ZAN ARCUS ODYSSEY EL VIENTO EARNEST EVANS SOL-DEACE YM2612 (FM) Alg Operator-1 Operator-2 Operator-3 Operator-4 FB (11/90) (3/91) (6/91) (9/91) (12/91) (12/91) Slap Bass 3 31,15,0,15,39,14,14,0,2 31,9,0,15,24,14,0,0,0 31,14,0,15,24,14,1,0,0 31,9,0,15,20,14,0,0,0 7,0,0 11_Stage_6_-_Detroic_Car_Factory_1.tfi05_Stage_2_1.tfi E Piano 4 22,0,12,0,30,4,3,3,3 22,0,18,4,32,4,3,0,3 25,7,8,7,17,3,1,0,2 25,8,6,5,9,3,1,-3,2 0,0,0 13_Stage_7_-_High_Sky_2.tfi08_Stage_5_0.tfi Tubular Bells 4 31,0,8,1,34,6,7,3,0 31,0,8,1,26,6,7,-3,0 31,7,7,6,13,4,2,3,0 31,7,6,6,13,4,2,-3,0 7,0,0 20_Staff_Roll_6.tfi17_Game_Over_7.tfi Clarinet 2 31,18,0,8,32,2,2,2,0 31,20,0,8,57,1,1,0,0 31,17,0,7,17,3,5,0,0 16,31,0,7,19,1,1,-1,0 7,0,0 Brassy Pad 5 21,2,4,8,27,3,1,-3,0 31,5,4,8,33,3,1,-2,3 31,12,4,8,33,15,2,3,1 16,5,4,10,10,15,2,0,0 7,0,0 20_Staff_Roll_4.tfi,12_Stage_9_2.tfi 01_Opening_Theme_10.tfi Marimba 4 31,10,0,2,57,15,10,3,2 31,7,3,4,47,4,10,-3,3 31,10,5,5,36,2,1,2,2 31,12,5,6,9,1,1,3,1 7,0,0 20_Staff_Roll_7.tfi Xylophone 4 24,14,0,7,32,15,11,0,1 24,20,0,10,64,15,12,0,1 24,4,0,4,21,15,2,0,3 24,12,0,6,21,6,8,0,2 5,0,0 1_Stage_6_-_Detroit_Car_Factory_5.tfi Trumpet 5 20,6,5,9,19,2,1,-3,1 7,8,10,9,20,1,7,3,2 18,4,3,9,12,1,1,0,0 21,4,6,9,12,1,1,0,1 4,0,0 21_Unknown_Track_1_8.tfi07_Stage_4_5.tfi Distorted Guitar 3 21,8,16,6,25,15,1,0,1 31,8,0,9,16,0,0,0,1 26,8,1,9,7,15,1,0,1 26,17,0,11,23,0,0,0,1 4,0,0 17_Stage_Clear_0.tfi03_Boss_6.tfi Flute 4 15,18,3,5,35,3,1,0,0 27,18,2,7,22,4,1,3,0 14,17,3,8,19,2,1,-3,1 12,21,3,10,19,1,1,0,1 6,0,0 01_Opening_Theme_9.tfi15_Ending_8.tfi Harpsichord 4 31,4,0,1,6,0,4,3,3 31,4,0,1,6,0,3,-3,0 31,8,1,7,13,15,2,-3,1 31,8,1,7,13,15,1,-3,0 0,0,0 Reed 4 24,1,0,1,20,1,3,3,0 24,1,0,1,20,1,3,-3,0 13,2,0,6,11,0,1,3,0 13,2,0,6,11,0,1,-3,0 2,0,0 DoubleBass 1 20,11,9,1,51,2,0,3,3 20,11,9,1,32,1,1-3,0 20,5,9,5,16,0,0,3,2 20,5,9,5,10,0,1,-3,2 0,0,0 Trombone 2 13,4,9,9,30,2,1,-3,2 13,6,0,6,46,1,1,3,0 31,9,0,5,44,12,1,-3,0 20,31,0,6,20,0,1,3,0 7,0,0 Cello 2 28,21,0,7,21,3,0,2,2 12,1,0,6,46,1,0,3,1 31,13,1,6,26,5,3,3,3 15,2,1,9,21,0,2,-3,1 7,0,0 Tuba 3 31,0,0,2,70,0,2,3,0 31,12,0,15,62,0,2,-3,0 10,0,0,6,23,0,1,3,0 10,10,0,5,24,0,1,-3,0 0,0,0 Accordion 0 11,16,0,7,55,5,9,0,0 11,16,0,6,52,0,1,0,0 11,21,0,7,45,0,10,0,0 11,21,0,6,19,0,2,0,1 0,0,0 Saxophone 3 31,12,0,10,47,15,10,-2,0 31,0,4,6,33,0,1,0,0 31,0,0,10,23,0,1,0,0 28,0,6,8,4,0,1,0,0 0,0,0 Tenor Sax 2 31,2,0,5,46,12,7,-3,3 31,1,6,4,32,15,0,3,1 31,5,0,5,33,4,1,-3,3 31,9,3,4,7,7,1,3,1 7,0,0 Dulcimer 3 31,10,7,6,25,2,7,0,3 31,10,6,5,26,1,1,-1,0 31,6,6,5,45,1,1,0,2 31,6,12,5,6,15,1,1,0 4,0,0 Organ 6 31,17,0,15,40,0,10,-3,3 31,15,0,15,22,0,6,-3,3 31,4,7,15,21,0,2,3,0 31,15,7,15,21,0,2,3,0 7,0,0 Upright Bass 2 31,14,0,5,50,15,6,3,2 31,12,0,5,45,15,2,-3,0 31,8,0,4,39,15,3,3,3 31,10,0,4,26,15,1,-3,0 0,0,0
SN76489 (PSG) Kick Snare Hi Tom Mid Tom Low Tom Rim
YM2612 (DAC) Kick Snare Hi Tom Mid Tom Low Tom Clap Hit-1 Hit-2 Hit-3
FB Value Sequence=Feedback, Amplitude Modulation Sensitivity, Frequency Modulation Sensitivity Alg=Operator Algorithm Operator Value Sequence: Attack Rate, Decay Rate 1, Decay Rate 2, Release Rate, Total Amplitude Level, Sustain Level, Frequency Multiplier, Detune, Rate Scaling “Genesis Does What Nintendon’t: Sound Chips and Composer Culture in the 16-Bit Era” SMT 42 Columbus, OH Kevin R. Burke ([email protected]) November 7, 2019
Example 4. “Darkblade Forest” from Puggsy (Traveler’s Tales, 1993), mm. 17–20 Matt Furniss
“Genesis Does What Nintendon’t: Sound Chips and Composer Culture in the 16-Bit Era” SMT 42 Columbus, OH Kevin R. Burke ([email protected]) November 7, 2019
Figure 2.GEMS FMLIB FMLIB Instrument PATCH BANK PatchNovember Bank for24, 1991 GEMS (Readme File dated November 19, 1991)
GEMS 000 Flute-Piccolo GEMS 036 Piano GEMS 065 Vibes-Organ GEMS 001 Oboe GEMS 037 Harpsichord GEMS 066 Clarinet-Xylophone GEMS 002 Cor Anglais GEMS 038 Pipe Organ-full GEMS 067 Trumpet-Xylophone GEMS 003 Alto Flute GEMS 039 Pipe Organ-half stop GEMS 068 Analog Synth Bass GEMS 004 Clarinet ——————> Paperboy 2 (11/92) GEMS 040 Celesta GEMS 069 Mini Moog TaleSpin (11/92) GEMS 041 B3 Organ ——————> Kid Chameleon (3/92) GEMS 070 Rap Bass The Great Waldo Search (12/92) Greendog (9/92) GEMS 071 Dx Slap Simpsons: Bart's Nightmare (2/93) Evander Holyfield Boxing (10/92) GEMS 072 Reggae Bass Awesome Possum (11/93) TaleSpin (11/92) GEMS 073 TubeBell Berenstain Bears (11/94) Batman: Revenge of the Joker (1/93) GEMS 074 Vibes-soft Dinosaurs for Hire (8/93) GEMS 075 Vibes-bright GEMS 005 Horn Awesome Possum (11/93) GEMS 076 res filt drum GEMS 006 Tenor Sax Zombies Ate My Neighbors (11/93) GEMS 077 Timpani GEMS 007 Bass Clarinet Pink Goes to Hollywood (12/93) GEMS 078 *unused* GEMS 008 Bassoon NBA Jam (2/94) GEMS 079 Gong-Tam Tam GEMS 009 Baritone Sax RoboCop vs The Termnator (5/94) GEMS 080 Xylophone GEMS 010 Violin-marcato Tecmo Super Baseball (9/94) GEMS 081 *unused* GEMS 011 Viola-marcato GEMS 082 Chimes GEMS 012 Cello-marcato GEMS 042 Vibrato Organ GEMS 083 Glockenspiel GEMS 013 Contrabass-marcato GEMS 043 Rhodes Piano GEMS 084 Marimba GEMS 014 Violin-soft attack GEMS 044 Electric Piano-bright GEMS 085 simmons GEMS 015 Viola-soft attack GEMS 045 Electric Piano-dark GEMS 086 cowbell GEMS 016 Cello-soft attack GEMS 046 Nasty Clav GEMS 087 low tom GEMS 017 Contrabass-soft attack GEMS 047 Harp GEMS 088 metal drums GEMS 018 Thin Solo Violin GEMS 048 Muted Synth Organ GEMS 089 hi tom GEMS 019 Solo Violin-swell GEMS 049 Analog Pad GEMS 090 808 kick GEMS 020 Cello-Bass-swell GEMS 050 Synth Vox GEMS 091 brushedsnare GEMS 021 Quick Strings GEMS 051 FM Shimmer GEMS 092 thumpKick GEMS 022 Section Strings GEMS 052 Percussive Synth GEMS 093 click kick (use low key GEMS 023 Synth Strings GEMS 053 Prophet GEMS 094 crack snr GEMS 024 Solo Pizzicato GEMS 054 Analog Solo GEMS 095 Open hat-fat GEMS 025 Pizzicato Octaves GEMS 055 Backwards Synth GEMS 096 gated snare GEMS 026 Trumpet-bright GEMS 056 Digital Solo GEMS 097 Electronic Snare GEMS 027 Trombone-bright GEMS 057 Steel String Guitar GEMS 098 Rimshot GEMS 028 Trumpet-dark GEMS 058 Nylon String Guitar GEMS 099 Bright Snare GEMS 029 Trombone-dark GEMS 059 Chorused Strat GEMS 100 Thick Hat GEMS 030 Tuba GEMS 060 Jazz Guitar GEMS 101 Thin Cl Hat GEMS 031 Section Trumpets GEMS 061 Muted Pick GEMS 102 Fretless Bass GEMS 032 Section Trombones GEMS 062 Psychadelic Guitar GEMS 103 Fretted Bass GEMS 033 Sect.Trumpets-overblown GEMS 063 Heavy Metal-Feedback GEMS 104 Juno GEMS 034 Muted Brass GEMS 064 Two Hand Clap GEMS 105 *unused* GEMS 035 Synth Brass
File obtained from Patrick Collins and distributed in the 1990s on the Sega Bulletin Board Service (BBS).