ANNUAL PUBLICATION 1 2 CID MAGAZINE 2074 CIDMAGAZINE Annual Publication 2074
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 3 Felicitation from the Chief of Nepal Police
I would like to extend warm felicitation to the Crime Investigation Department for the continuity of publication of CID Magazine on the occasion of its anniversary. The image of Nepal Police significantly depends on successful investigation of crimes. However, investigation of crimes is a challenging job and, at the same time, it is also dynamic. Therefore, it is an essential part of policing to upgrade investigative approaches and tools to make police more efficient to dispel the notion “criminals are one step ahead of police”. “Let a hundred culprits go free, not a single innocent be punished” is one of the widely accepted tenets in criminal jurisprudence, which implies that an investigator should take every measure to avoid conviction of an innocent person. Nevertheless, we also need to do everything in our capacity to ensure that criminals are not given any ground to perpetrate crimes with impunity. In order to achieve this, the Crime Investigation Department should continuously focus on development and expansion of its professionals, as well as other necessary resources. I am sure that the Crime Investigation Department will seize this opportunity to devise strategy by identifying and analyzing its weaknesses and future challenges in order to harness its potential and motivate its personnel to investigate and control crimes more effectively in the days to come. I extend my best wishes to CID Magazine and hope that it will be informative and resourceful to the readers.
Prakash Aryal Inspector General of Police Nepal Police
4 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ANNUAL PUBLICATION 5 Message from the CID Chief
I am grateful for this opportunity of serving as the stores and analyses all crime-related data is a Chief of Crime Investigation Department (CID), significant achievement of this department. This Nepal Police. As per our mission to serve people will ensure easy access of any crime related with credibility, diligence and integrity, CID is data further enhancing the efficiency in crime committed to prevent crime and criminal behavior investigation. Acquiring the Missing Person Web as well as investigate crime through an effective Based Application is another achievement of working relationship with the community. this department. This will facilitate CID in data management and it will also be accessible from It is often said that the most effective weapon any part of the world. Furthermore, Automated against crime is cooperation. In line with Finger Identification System (AFIS) and Online this statement, CID is also working towards Police Verification System are some of the ongoing strengthening its partnership with the local projects that CID is undertaking. community. I hope that with the revised community policing approach that is being implemented, CID Crime investigation is one of the strongest sectors will be able to work towards our goal of countering of Nepal Police and this has been possible as all forms of crime. New tools for modern policing a result of the hard work and dedication of our concepts, Hot-Spots Policing, Problem Oriented talented officers. For this, they deserve a note of Policing, and Predictive Policing are also being thanks for their selfless endeavors! In addition, I developed. CID also organized the 23rd Asian also instruct them to continue with their efforts Regional Conference (ARC) of INTERPOL in in order to achieve our commitments and provide Kathmandu during 18-20 January 2017. premiere law enforcement services in the coming days. At present, financial crime, cybercrime, and terrorist financing are global challenges and Nepal Finally, on behalf of CID, Nepal Police, I assure every cannot isolate itself from these challenges. To one of our sincere commitment towards serving overcome them, capacity building of officers and the community better and also look forward to strengthening the organization are most important. everyone’s wholehearted cooperation in our journey Also, transforming the current crime investigation towards excellence. mechanism/organization that is suitable with that of the new federal structure of Nepal and Heartiest greetings. implementing the Muliki Aparadh (Samhita), Ain, 2074 are the current priority of CID. This annual publication intends to provide readers with a glimpse of the initiatives that CID Bam Bahadur Bhandari has undertaken for this year (FY 2073/74). The Additional Inpector General of Police establishment of a Data Center that manages, Crime Investigation Department
Publisher CIDMAGAZINE Police Headquarter Criminal Investigation Department Annual Publication 2074 Naxal, Kathmandu
6 CID MAGAZINE 2074 print
online
In Cover Design Unveiling truth and serving Impressions, A Creative Design unprecedented justice Anamnagar, Kathmandu
Art: Indra Shrestha
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 7 CONTENT
CID Overview 11-18
CID Activities and Initiatives 19-39
Crime Facts and Figures 41-50
8 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ljrf/÷cfn]v÷b[li6sf]0f 51-124
pNn]vgLo ck/fw cg';Gwfg 125-130
pTs[i6 cg';Gwfgstf{, @)&# 131-136
gful/s cfjfh 137-143
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 9 Teamwork divides the task and multiplies the success.
10 CID MAGAZINE 2074 CID Overview
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 11 Vision
Better and safer society with effective and efficient crime prevention and investigation.
12 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Goal
To develop robust evidence based crime prevention and investigation procedure through the incorporation of intelligence and scientific technology
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 13 CID Objectives
To facilitate crime investigation units with better resources.
To formulate central policy for crime prevention and investigation.
To issue crime investigation policy directions and ensure the implementation of policies at all levels of investigative units and investigators.
To coordinate with the bodies of criminal justice system vis-à-vis national and international crime control agencies.
To ensure the best performance of INTERPOL related activities, including maintenance and exchange of criminal records at international level.
To perform human resource management activities including efficient deployment and appraisal of the crime investigation officers.
To develop human resource plan, conduct training programs and need analysis while identifying the areas of required skilled human resource and manage training programs.
To maintain a central database of all criminal cases, correlate with other agencies at national and international level by analyzing and formulating future plans and policies.
To investigate heinous crimes that affect more than one state and district areas of geographical boundaries, and facilitate inter-sectoral cooperation and coordination.
To investigate unresolved case by the subordinate units.
To investigate cases that fall under the jurisdiction of the center level.
To implement various programs to enhance effectiveness of rescue activities of the victim as well as arrange for public information sharing or information flow about crime situation, investigation provision etc.
To arrange for appropriate scientific and other resources including essential tools needed for crime investigation at national, state and district levels.
To help and implement Community Policing effectively.
14 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Government of Nepal Ministry of Home Affairs
Nepal Police Police Headquarters
101 Area Police Offices 74 District Police Offices 2 Bureaus: NCB, CIB
18 Metropolitan Police Circles 5 Ward Police 3 Offices
Metropolitan Police Ranges
203 In total, 203 Police Units file crime investigation cases.
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 15 Historical Background
Crime investigation was institutionalized in Nepal with the establishment of the Criminal Intelligence Bureau in 2008 BS (1952 AD). The Police Act, 2012 BS. envisions the Nepal Police as a professional and effective mechanism for preventing crime and investigating criminal offences, defining police role as an instrument to prevent and investigate crime and maintain law and order. Although as an institution, Crime Investigation Department was named in 2022 BS, its present form as a department was only initiated in 2049 BS. Application of forensics in evidence examination began in 2017 BS, while the use of canines in crime investigation began in 2026 BS, both of which are landmarks in the development of crime investigation institutions in Nepal.
The Police Act 2012 BS (1955 AD), has entrusted Nepal Police with two major responsibilities : make it a capable instrument for preventing and investigating crime and maintain law and order. Maintaining law and order is a shared responsibility with other stakeholders, but crime investigation undoubtedly remains the sole responsibility of Nepal Police.
16 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Ever since the establishment of the Central Intelligence Bureau in 2008 BS (1952 AD), Crime Investigation Department (CID) has been working as a pivotal body for directing, supervising, monitoring, controlling, coordinating and supporting to reassure the community of safety and security by preventing and investigating crimes.
By making improvements in traditional working practices and patterns particularly in the prevention and investigation for crimes, CID steadfastly strives towards evidence based crime investigation procedure through the incorporation of intelligence and scientific technology.
Recognizing the need, CID has been implementing an extensive Crime Action Plan (CAP) approved by the Government of Nepal since 2071 BS. The gradual implementation of CAP has been producing tangible results by enhancing the resources and capacity building for prevention and investigation of crimes.
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 17 CID Development Timeline
1951 AD Establishment of Central Intelligence Bureau 1962 AD Application of 1969 AD forensics with Use of Canine in fingerprint Investigation examination 1975 AD Basic functioning units for forensic 1992 AD Establishment of Crime Investigation Department
2008 AD Establishment of Women & Children Service 2014 AD Directorate Polygraph examination & DNAProfiling
2014 AD Three year Crime preven- tion Action Plan 2015 AD Digital Forensics
2017 AD Data Center Establishment and AFIS expansion
18 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Activities and Inititives
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 19 Crime Action Plan
Crime Investigation Department, heading a Crime Action Plan(CAP), to develop robust evidence based crime investigation procedure through the incorporation of intelligence and scientific technology.
A three year action plan commenced since 2014 AD.
Action Policy Areas l Institutional development, human resources management and specialization of crime investigation service l Case file documentation and strengthening of prosecution coordination l Criminal intelligence network development and expansion l Management of criminal database and networking l Strengthening of scientific investigation system l Development of witness protection planning and creating conducive environment l Effective coordination and cooperation with stakeholders l Enhancement of citizen awareness on crime prevention and investigation l Strengthen community policing l Reduction of gender based violence l Capacity development of investigators l Development and expansion of international police relationship
20 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Establishing Data Center
Established in 2074 BS to manage organizations’ growing IT infrastructure and resources as per Crime Action Plan (CAP)
Data Center centralizes the organization’s IT operations and equipment
The Data Center meets the TIA -942 Standards
Aim to develop Data Center into National Crime Information Center(NCIC)
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 21 Enriching Database Software
1. Unidentified Dead Bodies Database System
2. Missing/found Persons Database System
Both database systems will operate as a single window platform which will facilitate police offices to obtain, share and report information on related incidents.
What will be essential of National Crime Information Center(NCIC) along with other database system
22 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Case File Digitization
Commenced since 2071 BS as per Crime Action Plan(CAP)
A Central Database System : where everything related to registered crime case files are documented electronically.
A platform that allows access to CID to monitor and supervise case files and helps in providing guidelines for timely corrections
Crime Investigation Department has provided resources and training needed for Case File Digitization (CFD)
CFD training provided to 150 officers along with computer scanners, printers to 98 units
Aims to expand all investigating units
Total digitized cases till 2074/08/14: 21986
2071 10 units
2073 28 units 2072 25 units
Expansion of CFD in Investigating Units where the Intranet Facility is available: 63
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 23 Advancing Digital Forensics
With substantial development in the field of Evidence Examined crime investigation and forensics, the Digital Forensic Lab was established in 2015 AD to meet the growing challenges and trends in criminal activities.
DFL performs the following forensic works: w Computer Forensic : computer, laptop, hard-drive, USB drive, CD, floppy, and other digital storage devices w Mobile forensic: Cell phone, SIM card, memory card, w Network Forensic: Social media related: Facebook, Youtube, WhatsApp, Viber etc.
An agreement was signed between Nepal Telecommunication Authority(NTA) and Nepal Police in 2016 AD, to strengthen Nepal Police resources in the field of cyber security and digital forensics 278 524 100
2072/2073 2073/2074 2074/2075 Upto Kartik
24 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Updating Forensic Capacity
Central Police Forensic Science Laboratory (CPFSL) is dedicated to the recognition, identification, individualization and evaluation of physical evidence by applying modern technology to identify criminal patterns for the purpose of administration of justice.
Recently equipped with latest and sophisticated equipment like AFIS, GCMS, VSC-6000, DNA test facilities, Drug Detection Kit (FTIR) etc
With assistance from Department for International Development (DFID - UK), existing AFIS database was expanded and fingerprint live scanner stations have been established in 34 Crime Investigating Units.
DNA examination Automated Fingerprint Ballistic, Narcotics, 2071 BS Identification System (AFIS) Document 2040 BS 2070 BS
Photography Fingerprints Biology, serology Units 2017 BS 21017 BS Toxicology 2035 BS
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 25 Crime Data Recording
CID started to record crime data digitally in the Crime and Criminal Information System (CCIS) database since 2056 BS
CID has been running the 27/54 Project for digital recording of old data where 54 officers in 27 computer workstations are uploading the digitized information on CCIS.
In addition 67 police units are also uploading crime data in CCIS from different regions.
Total crime recorded in CCIS till 2074/08/15: 3,23,155
26 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Instant Supporting for Investigation
Canine Support
Central Police Dog Training School has trained 78 dogs in various different fields of investigation.
Tracker: 12 Narcotic reactor: 16 Explosive: 21 Rescue: 5
Development Timeline:
2026 BS: Use of dogs in crime investigation
2044 BS : Establishment of Central Police Dog section, Developed as Central Police Dog Training School and expanded to five regional levels
2069 BS : Expanded to Metropolitan Police Tribhuvan International Airport Security Office
2071 BS Expanded to Prime Ministerial Quarter Special Security Unit
Under training : 24 dogs
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 27 Cyber Crime Coordination Cell
Cyber Crime Coordination Cell (C4), was established in CID in 2070 BS, and has been working as focal office to coordinate and cooperate cyber related crime investigation.
Call detail analysis, being a necessity of crime investigation, C4 works as a liaison office to legally request telecommunication service provider for call details and disseminate to district level.
17,732 FY 2071/72 42,935 FY 2072/73 40,096 FY 2073/74
Operational data provided by C4 in last 3 years.
28 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Polygraph
Polygraph examination is a decision supporting tool in crime investigation process and is a landmark in the capacity development of Nepal Police.
Started in 2070 BS
29 polygraph examiners
Central polygraph section in CID wasfurther expanded to Metropolitan Police Office, Central Investigation Bureau(CIB), Special Bureau, Narcotic Control Bureau(NCB), State Police Offices NO. 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and Federal Police Unit Office, Bagmati.
Total Polygraph Examination till 2074/07/15:
l Total test: 1804 l Total cases: 901 l Confess percentage in total case: 10%
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 29 Empathizing with women and children
Empathizing the vulnerability of women and children, Nepal Police has established specialized units to look into crimes related to and affecting women and children since 2052 BS.
At present 243 women and children service centers and 1359 human resources dedicated to women and children are in operation.
Focused on making access to justice for women and children conducive, and reporting environment ensuring widely available, fair and specialized service for women and children
To build the institutional capacity of the WCSD/WCSCs and increase the effectiveness of its operation, WCSD has been implementing its 5 years Strategic Planning(2016-2020 AD) Working with Asian Development Bank(ADB)
In accordance with the grant agreement between ADB and Government of Nepal, CID, WCSD has been implementing the “Establishing Women and Children Service Centers” (EWCSC) project since 2014 AD.
The aim of the EWCSC project is to reduce vulnerability of women and children survivors of gender based violence and abuse through the establishment of district level centers.
The project districts are : Dolakha, Sindhuli, Siraha, Saptari, Mohattari, Rasua, Dadhing, Gorkha, Tanahu, Rolpa, Pyuthan, Banke, Surkhet, Bajhang, and Acham.
Working with UNICEF
To prevent violent behavior including gender based violence and enhance protection of children and women WCSD has been working with UNICEF in the following areas:
s Capacity development of police personnel
s Awareness campaigns for children to create conducive environment with police and public
30 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Reaching to communities
Along with crime investigation, Nepal Police has been performing its duty of crime prevention by reaching out to communities through community policing.
The first initiative "Chhimeki Prahari" was a door to door program started in 2039 BS
Community policing initiative was started through the Community Policing Service Center since 2051 BS, as a joint effort with the community and non-government organizations
At present, in accordance with Community Police Service Operation Directives, 2069 BS, 182 CPCs have been established all over the Nepal.
To strengthen police community relationship a new approach of community policing was introduced, redesigning and refining the existing practice through CPCs, as "Prahari Hamro Tolema".
Community reaching programs in FY 2073/74
2915 2663 1273 Campaign Social relating Prime Activities Campaign Police my Initiated for Prevention Awareness 'Door to Door' Friend Campaign health and environment 3475 1346 security
School 591 meet program relating domestic & School meet Miscellaneous program gender violence relating drugs control 398 1186
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 31 Protecting and Promoting Human Rights
Protection and promotion of human rights is a key organizational priority.
Human Rights Cell, was established in 1993 AD, and is responsible for upholding, protecting, and promoting human rights.
A five year strategic plan (2073/74-2077/78) for implementation and setting organizational priorities in human right issues has been formulated.
Promotional Initiatives: Protection Activities:
l Human Right Orientation Training 2 l Internal Complain Registered on HR Violation in 2073/74: 144 l Oriented 82 police personnel l 7 police personnel found guilty and l Nepal Police Human Right Standing punished. Order Dissemination 13015
32 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Developing Human Resources
Crime Investigation Department is focused on development of specialized and efficient human resources incrime investigation.
Conducted orientation training on information collection and analysis and CDR, i2 analysis for 150 police personnel in FY 2073/74
Specialized human resources:
HR in Crime investigation: Scene of Crime HR in Women and children 4018(5.51% of total police) Officer(SOCO) : 210 Service : 1359
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 33 Facilitating Investigating Units
Investigative Interview Room To make investigative interviews more scientific and transparent, as per CAP, Investigative Interview room with double mirror and audio/video recording facility were made in following 12 units FY 2073/74:
Metro Police Range, Lalitpur
Metro police Circle, Durbarmarg
District Police office Jhapa, Makawapur, Chitwan, Kaski, Rupandehi, Dang, Surkhet, Bardiya, Kailali, Kanchanpur
Crime Scene Protection Tape
Crime scene protection tape needed primarily for the starting of scientific investigation process,
Realizing the fact, CID distributed 1500 rolls ofcrime scene protection tape in 990 units in FY 2073/74.
SOCO Kit Box and Fingerprint Kit Box
To facilitate scientific crime investigation as per CAP, CID supported SOCO Kit Box and Fingerprint Kit Box in 62 units in FY 2073/74.
34 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Delivering Direct Services
Tri-Yearly Character Character Verification Verification Statistics
Crime Investigation Department, Character Verification Sectionis providing character verification to the citizens by verifying them in Crime and Criminal Information 2073/74 2071/72 System(CCIS) database.
Applications are collected and reports are disseminated by its focal offices in Metropolitan police office Ranipokhari, Metropolitan Police Circle Maharajgunj,
Such Focal Offices are extend to Metropolitan Police 2072/73 range Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, State Police Office Biratnagar, Hetauda, Pokhara and Federal Police Unit Office Nepalgunj, Dhangadi. 3,00,084
Nepali citizens living abroad can also apply through their 2,11,476 representatives 1,71,712
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 35 Tourist Police To assure a safe and pleasant stay to all tourists in Nepal, Tourist Police Nepal was established in 1979 AD as a special unit of Nepal Police working under Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation 227 Tourist Police personnel work in 24 units spread throughout the country including 9 inside the Kathmandu Valley and 15 outside the valley in 11 different districts. Since its inception, the Tourist Police have been active in facilitating tourists and delivering security services. Tourist Police register complaints, do preliminary investigation and recommend immediate action in order to assist in recovery of lost goods and documents of tourists and prepare a police report. They are also involved in regular patrolling and vigilance to prevent harassment and exploitation of and by tourists, as a preventive measure. Service for Children at Risk CID has been jointly working with the Central Children Welfare Board serving children at risk through National Centre for Children at Risk since 2063 BS. Works to prevent and reduce the vulnerability of children by rescuing and protecting them from risk. l Hotline service dial 104 l Hotline service extended to 52 districts
36 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Organizing Events
INTERPOL 23rd Asian Regional Conference
Nepal Police organized the 23rd Asian Regional Conference of INTERPOL in Kathmandu from 18-20 January, 2017
The role of CID was pivotal in conducting the conference in Nepal after 27 years.
A total of 166 delegates from 33 INTERPOL member countries participated in the conference.
Participating countries reached an agreement to collect and share information to tackle common crime issues such as terrorism, human trafficking, border security and cyber crime.
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 37 1st National Conference of Government Attorneys and Police Investigators of the Government of Nepal, 2073
1st National Conference of Government Attorneys and Police Investigators was jointly organized in Kathmandu by the Office of the Attorney General and Nepal Police from Magh 14-16, 2073 BS
Role of CID was pivotal to conduct the conference successfully
With the slogan "Effective Investigation and Prosecution, Efficient Criminal Justice Administration", the conference was fruitful in enhancing relations and creating better coordination between the two bodies.
A total of 235 investigators, 250 prosecutors, 20 supervisors including officials related to other investigation agencies participated in the conference.
38 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Interaction with experts
Crime Investigation Department organized an expert interaction on Muluki Criminal (code) Act, 2074 and Muluki Criminal Procedure(code), 2074 on 14 December 2017.
The program was organized to prepare for successful implementation of the law and to ensure all police personnel are informed and updated on the changed laws.
The interaction was held, in the Police Headquarters, with senior police officers and experts involved in the drafting of that those laws.
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 39 40 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Crime facts and figures
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 41 Crime trend for last 5 years
Most Case filed Districts in 2073/74
Kaski: 1159
Kathmandu: 4647
Lalitpur: 858
Banke: 838
Rupandehi: 1466
Chitwan: 1100 Jhapa: 1401 Makawanpur: 865 Sunsari: 1622 Morang: 1189
42 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Seized Weapons in FY 2073/74
Pistol Revolver Handmade pistol Rifle Handmade Rifle
45 3 45 17 132
Arrested and Absconded in FY 2073/74
30158 5832
Victims in FY 2073/74 Offenders in FY 2073/74
19950 10 6453 33465 14 2595
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 43 Crime against women and children in FY 2073/74
Rape: 1,139 Attempt to rape: 536 Human trafficing: 227 Illegal abortion: 24 Polygamy: 464 Child marriage: 26 Domestic violence: 11,629 Witchcraft: 24
Domestic Violence in FY 2073/74
Cases Reconciled: 6882
Cases referred to other entities: 579
Cases Registered Cases under reconciliation: 3463 11,629
Cases not initiated by victims: 688 Case filed as domestic violence: 17
44 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Homicide Case Analysis FY 2073/74
Offenders Victims
85% 15% 68% 32%
Total: 1202 Total: 604
Modous Operandi
Stabbing 116 Gunshot 8 Strangulating 51 Assaulting 187
Hitting by stone 46 Hanging 1 Poisoning 6 Drowning 3
Pushing 5 Infanticide 5 Arson causing Unknown 5 Others 94 death 5
Total Case: 616
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 45 Rape Case Analysis in FY 2073/74
Offender
73% 27%
Total Offender: 1280
Age of victim
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 0-15 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-60 60+
Total Victims: 1133
46 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Human Trafficking in FY 2073/74
Modous Operandi
81 Total Case promising foreign employment 227
2 Threatening 106 38 Inticing with financial gain by promising marriage
Age of Victims
1 25 Above 60 years Below 16 years
14 46 - 60 years
24 36 - 45 years
73 139 26 - 35 years Total 16 - 25 years Victim 276
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 47 Drugs Trafficking in FY 2073/74
Most Case filed districts
Kaski: 85 Kathmandu: 252
Banke: 136
Rupandehi: 409 Nawalparasi: 89
Parsa: 116 Makawanpur: 135 Sunsari: 227 Morang: 166 Jhapa: 102
Offenders
35041 156
Total Offenders: 3661
48 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Suicide Analysis in FY 2073/74
Most Case filed districts 303 234 221 193 181 169 167 164 147 141 Dang Kailali Jhapa Sunsari Morang Chitwan Rupandehi Kathmandu Kanchanpur Nawalparashi
Modous Operandi
Gunshot 2 Stabbing 14 Burning 25
Jumping 90 Poisoning 1224 Hanging 3681
Total Cases: 5094
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 49 Theft Case in FY 2073/74
Modous Operandi
Unknown: 65
By showing Weapon: 56
In lonely open place: 83
Threatening: 132
1627 Empty premises: 1067
By force entry: 224
Total Cases: 1627
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k[i7e"ldM g]kfndf ;+:yfut ¿kdf ck/fw cg';Gwfg lj=;+= @))* ;fnb]lv ;'?jft ePsf] kfOG5 . pQm ;dodf Criminal Intelligence Bureau sf] gfdn] :yfkgf ePsf] PsfOaf6 g]kfndf ;"rgf ;+sngsf ;fy} ck/fw ;'/]Gb| axfb'/ zfx cg';Gwfg sfo{ cf/De ePsf] / ;f]xL PsfOaf6 g} xfnsf] /fli6«o cg';Gwfg ljefun] ug]{ k|s[ltsf] sfo{;d]t ;'?jft ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|x/L P]g @)!@ sf] k|:tfjgfdf===ck/fw /f]Sg] / kQf nufpg] ;'of]Uo ;fwg agfpg] egL g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ljlwjt\ :yfkgf ePb]lv g]kfn k|x/Ln] sfg'g adf]lhd kmf}hbf/L g]kfn k|x/L] ck/fw s;"/x¿sf] cg';Gwfgug]{ lhDd]jf/L lnO{ Jofj;flos / cg';GwfgnfO{ Jofj;flos / k|efjsf/L ;+oGqsf] ¿kdf ;+:yfut¿kdf :yfkgf ePsf] k|efjsf/L agfpg lg/Gt/ b]lvG5 . k|of;/t 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] ljsf; tyf o;nfO{ ;zQm agfpg ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 ;do ;dodf /fHosf k|zf;lgs lgsfosf ;fy} ljleGg cf=a= @)&!÷&@ ;fnb]lv nfu" Goflos, ;+j}wflgs cfof]ux¿ tyf pRr:t/Lo ;ldltn] u/]sf] ælq–aifL{o ck/fw lgoGq0f ;'emfj / of]ubfg u/]sf 5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df zfxL Goflos tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{of]hgf cfof]u @)$), k|x/L ;'wf/ ;'emfj cfof]u @)%!, ;'/Iff -Crime Action Plan -CAP_Æ af6 lgsfo cfw'lgsLs/0f pRr:t/Lo sfo{bn @)^%, u[x ul/Psf] of]hgfa4 ;'wf/ k|of; dGqfno ;'b[9Ls/0f of]hgf @)^*, u[x dGqfno ;'wf/ pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 . dfu{lrq @)&$ nufotsf of]hgf, cfof]u, / ;ldltsf] e'ldsf dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn k|x/L ;+u7gn] klg ljleGg /0fg}lts of]hgf / sfo{ of]hgfdf ck/fw cg';GwfgnfO{ dxTjsf ;fy :yfg lbPsf] kfOG5 .
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ANNUAL PUBLICATION 53 g]kfn k|x/Ldf cg';Gwfgsf] ljsf;qmdnfO{ u/L gLltlgdf{0f, hgzlQm / ;|f]t ;fwgsf] lgofNbf la ;+ @)@@ ;fndf æck/fw cg';Gwfg Joj:yfkg, cfGtl/s / cGt/f{li6«o ;dGjo ljefuÆsf] gfdfs/0f ePtf klg xfnsf] ck/fw ;Dks{sf ;fy} cg'udg ;'kl/j]If0f sfo{ cg';Gwfg ljefusf] ¿kdf lj=;+= @)$( ;fndf ub{5 . dfq} jt{dfg ljefuLo txdf :t/a[l4 ePsf] @_ cg';Gwfgsfo{ (Functional): kfOG5 . s]G›Lo / ljlzi6Ls[t cg';Gwfg ug{ s]Gb|Lo o; qmddf lj=;+= @)%@ ;fndf ck/fw cg';Gwfg Ao"/f] / nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f cg';Gwfgdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xsf] s]G›Lo k|x/L Ao"/f] k|ToIf¿kdf vl6Psf 5g\ eg] lhNnf ljlwlj1fg k|of]uzfnfsf] :yfkfgf] eO{ xfn If]qLo / :yfgLo:t/df cg';Gwfg ug{ pNn]lvt :t/df ljlwlj1fg k|of]uzfnfx¿ r/0fa4 ¿kdf k|x/L sfof{nodf ck/fw cg';Gwfg zfvfn] :yfkgfsf] qmddf /x]sf 5g\ eg] kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;a} cg';Gwfg sfo{ ub{5g\ . gful/sx¿sf] rrf{df /x]sf] ;fO{a/ ck/fwdf ;xof]u ug{ lj=;+= k|x/L ;]jfdf ;xh, ;'ne / l56f]5l/tf] kx'Fr @)&@ ;fndf l8lh6n km/]lG;s Nofasf] ;d]t k'uf];\ eg]/ g]kfn k|x/Ln] xfn @)# :yfgaf6 :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L ;f]wk'5df ljZjd} ck/fw cg';Gwfg sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . k|rngdf /x]sf] kf]lnu|fkmsf] lj=;+= @)&) ;fndf #_ ;xfotf -Support_ ;'?jft u/L ;a} If]qx¿ tyf Ao"/f]x¿df ;d]t ck/fw cg';Gwfg sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ qmddf :yfkgf / cEof; ul/Psf] 5 . ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]uLsf] ¿kdf cfjZos kg]{ j}1flgs sfo{/t hgzlQm ljsf; / cg';Gwfgsf laifodf k|ljlwut ;xfotftkm{ s]G›Lo ljlwlj1fg cGj]if0f ug{sf nflu @)%@ ;fndf ck/fw k|of]uzfnf, l8lh6n km/]G;Ls Nofa, cg';Gwfg ljBfnosf] :yfkgf / lj=;+=@)^& kf]lnu|fkm nufotsf sfof{no / zfvf /x]sf ;fndf ljz]ifu/L ;+ul7t cGt/b]zLo ck/fw 5g\ . ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljBfnon] hgzlQm cg';Gwfg ug{ s]G›Lo txdf s]G›Lo cg';Gwfg ljsf;sf / ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefun] Ao"/f]sf] :yfkgf ePsf] 5 . cfk/flws tYof+s clen]vg tyf ljZn]if0f ljBdfg k|x/L cg';Gwfg ;+oGq / k|of; u/L cfaZostf cg';f/ cg';Gwfg sfo{df pknAw u/fpg] ub{5g\ . g]kfn k|x/Ln] ck/fw cg';Gwfgh:tf] uxg cleef/f Jofj;flos / k|efjsf/L 9+un] ;DkGg g]kfn k|x/L] ck/fw cg';GwfgnfO{ ug{ s]G›b]lv :yfgLo tx;Dddf ljleGg lhDd]jf/L Jofjzflos / k|efjsf/L agfpg lg/Gt/ ;lxtsf ljefu, Ao"/f], lgb]{zgfno, dxfzfvf, k|of;/t 5 . o;} ;Gbe{df ck/fw cg';Gwfg zfvfx¿sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . oL ;a} sfof{no ljefuaf6 cf=a= @)&!.&@ ;fnb]lv nfu" / PsfOx¿nfO{ d"ntM tLg k|sf/n] juL{s/0f ug{ u/]sf] ælq–aifL{o ck/fw lgoGq0f tyf ;lsG5 . cg';Gwfg sfo{of]hgf -Crime Action Plan -CAP_Æ af6 ul/Psf] of]hgfa4 ;'wf/ !_ gLltlgdf{0fM -Policy and Supervision_ k|of; pNn]vgLo /x]sf] 5 . pQm lq–aifL{o ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefun] cg';Gwfg ck/fw lgoGq0f tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{of]hgf Joj:yfkgsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf] g]t[Tj ub}{ vf; ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf sfo{/t hgzlQmsf]
54 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ljlzli6s/0f / ljsf;, a}1flgs ;fwgsf] ul/Psf] 5 eg] # j6f cj:yfdf dfq ;+3Lo pkof]u, ck/fw clen]v / ;"rgf ;+oGqsf] k|x/Ldf :yfgfGt/0f x'G5M ljsf; / ;'b[9Ls/0f, cbfnt nufPtsf cGo !_ k|b]z k|x/Lsf] cg'/f]wdf, kmf}hbf/L k|0ffnLsf lgsfo;Fusf] ;Dks{ / @_ k|b]zsf] sfo{IfqeGbf afxL/ jf cGt/f{li6«o ;dGjosf ;fy} cGt/f{li6«o ck/fw / ;Ldf k|s[ltsf] ck/fw b]lvPdf, / ck/fw lgoGq0fsf nflu ldq/fi6« tyf #_ cbfntL cfb]z ePdf cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿;+u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ nufotsf If]qx¿df s]lG›t /x]sf] 5 . o; k|x/L cg';Gwfgsf] cfufdL sfo{lbzf k|of;n] g]kfn k|x/Ln] ug]{ ck/fw lgoGq0f ck/fw lgoGq0f tyf cg';Gwfgsf] at{dfg tyf cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf sf];]9'+ufsf] sfd ;Gbe{df g]kfn k|x/L;dIf d'Votof lgDg lqkIfLo u/]sf] 5 / o;sf] lg/Gt/tf clt cfjZos r'gf}tLx¿ b]vfk/]sf 5g\M ePsf] dx;';;d]t ul/Psf] 5 . !_ k/Dk/fut Jofj;flos ;'b[9Ls/0f, ;+3Lo Joj:yfdf ck/fw cg';Gwfg @_ ;+3Lo k|0ffnLcg'¿k k'gM ;+/rgf, / cEof;M #_ d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L ck/fw -;+lxtf_ P]g @)&$ ;a}h;f] ;+3Lo k|0ffnL ePsf d'n'sx¿df zflGt tyf d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw -;+lxtf_ ;'/Iff -Law and Order_ k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] @)&$ n] Nofpg] kl/j]z lhDd]jf/Ldf kb{5 . pQm lhDd]jf/Ldf ck/fw !_ k/Dk/fut Jofj;flos ;'b[9Ls/0f lgoGq0f tyf cg';Gwfg klg :jfefljs ¿kd} ck/fw lgoGq0f sfo{of]hgf -Crime Action kb{5 . o;cg';f/ kmf}hbf/L s;"/sf] cg';Gwfgsf] Plan –CAP_ sf] kl/dfh{g ;lxtsf] lg/Gt/tf btf{ / ;'?jft :yfgLo txdf /x]sf k|x/L ljif]ztM hgzlQm ljlzi6Ls/0f, ck/fw ;"rgf PsfOx¿n] ug{' kg]{ x'G5 . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf nufotsf s]xL d'n'sx¿df ;+3Lo s;"/nfO cnu} auL{s/0f u/L ;+3Lo s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg ;+3n] g} ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] k|fGt / /fHosf s;"/x¿ k|fGt / /fHon] g} cg';Gwfg ub{5 . ci6«]lnofdf rflx ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] ;'?jftL sf/afxL k|b]z k|x/Ln] u/] klg cGt/f{li6«o k|s[ltsf] ck/fw eP ;+3Lo k|x/Lsf] cu'jfOdf ;+o'Qm cg';Gwfg ug]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;fwf/0ftof :yfgLo txdf k|x/Ldf ck/fw 36gf btf{ eO{ cg';Gwfg k|f/De
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 55 ;+sng / ljZn]if0f Ifdtf tyf clen]vsf] ;+ul7t k|s[ltsf s;"/x¿df cGt/f{li6«o l8lh6fOh];g, lj1fg k|ljlwsf] clwstd connection b]lvPdf ;+3Lo k|x/L -s]Gb|Lo pkof]u, lalzli6s[t ck/fwdf 5'§} ;+oGq cg';Gwfg Ao"/f]_ sf] cu'jfOdf k|b]z k|x/L ljsf; cflb ;d]tsf] ;+o'Qm 6f]nL u7g u/L cg';Gwfg @_ ;+3Lo k|0ffnL cg'¿k k'gM ;+/rgf ug]{ Joj:yf . s ;+3Lo k|0ffnL cg'¿k ck/fw lgoGq0f tyf #_ d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L ck/fw -;+lxtf_ P]g @)&$ cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{nfO{ k'gM;+/rgf ubf{ tyf d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ ljlw-;+lxtf_ @)&$ d'nt b]xfosf ;+/rgfTds Pjd\ sfof{Tds n] Nofpg] kl/j]z . Joj:yfsf] cjnDjg ;fGble{s x'g ;S5 . b'j} P]gx¿ cfufdL @)&% ef› ! ut] s kmf}hbf/L s;"/sf] hfx]/L ;fdfGotof lhNnf af6 nfu" x'g] cj:yfnfO{ dWogh/ u/L k|x/L sfof{no / dftxtsf O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{Gjog of]hgf agfO{ ;+/rgf, lgb]{lzsf sfof{nox¿df g} btf{ eO{ cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgdf{0f, k|lzIf0f, ;dGjo cflb sfo{ u/L Joj:yf . sfof{Gjogsf] k"j{ tof/L ug]{ . s kmf}hbf/L s;"/nfO{ juL{s/0f u/L ;+3Lo egL ;Gbe{;"rL tf]lsPsf s;"/x¿nfO{ ;+3Lo PsfOdfkm{t != ck/fw lgoGq0f sfo{of]hgf - cg';Gwfgug]{ . Crime Action Plan_, @)&! s k|b]z k|x/Laf6 ;+3Lo k|x/Ldf lgDg tLg j6f cj:yfdf :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ -!_ k|b]z k|x/Lsf] @= ck/fw cg';Gwfg lgb]{lzsf, @)&! cg'/f]wdf, -@_ k|b]zsf] sfo{IfqeGbf aflx/ #= ;+3Lo 9fFrfdf g]kfn k|x/L ;+u7gsf] jf cGt/f{li6«o k|s[ltsf] ck/fw b]lvPdf, / k'g;+/rgf;DaGwL cWoog sfo{bnåf/f tof/ -#_ cbfntL cfb]z ePdf . ul/Psf] k|ltj]bg, @)&# s :yfgLo PsfO{af6 ;'?jft ePklg nfu"cf}ifw, $= d'n'sL ck/fw -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ dfgj a]rljvg, ;fOj/ ck/fw nufPtsf %= d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw -;+lxtf_ @)&$
56 CID MAGAZINE 2074 d'n'sL ck/fw -;+lxtf_ @)&$ sf ljz]iftfM Ps t'ngfTds cWoog
!= ljifo k|j]zM /fHosf gful/sdf 8/, qf;, e]befj / czflGt x6fO{ ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg' g} c;n zf;g -Good governance_ xf] / nf]s sNof0fsf/L /fHosf] k|d'v ljifoj:t'x¿df /fHosf] cv08tf, ef}uf]lns Pstf, e/tdl0f l/hfn cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/, df}lns clwsf/, jftfj/0f -lhNnf GofoflwjQmf_ ;+/If0f, g}ltstf, lzi6frf/ zflGt / ;'Joj:yf g} x'g lhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no, ;'g;/L eGg] ;/n cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . ;dfhsf] ljsf;;Fu} sfg'gsf] klg ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5, ;dfh / sfg'gsf] ljsf;nfO{ cnu cnu u/]/ x]g{ ;+lxtfn] u/]sf] ck/fwsf] ldNb}g hf] ;dfh lj1fgsf] cfwf/e"t lgod klg xf] . kl/efiff, s;"/ / ;hfosf] ;dfhsf] ult / ;~rf/ Pjd\ k|ljlwdf cfPsf] ljsf;n] juL{s/0f, cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfo, ;d]t ;dfh k|efljt ePsf] x'G5 . ;dfhsf] ljsf; cleof]hg ug]{ lgsfo tyf Goflos Pjd\ lj1fg / k|ljlw ljsl;t ePsf] cj:yfdf k'/ftg lg¿k0f ug]{ lgsfox¿sf] nflu sfg'gn] dfq cfk/flws ultljlw / ck/fwhGo sfo{nfO{ sfo{ljlw ;d]t to u/]sf]n] lgoGq0f ug{ sl7g x'G5 . ;dfhsf] ljsf;;Fu} ;Ël7t ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ;/ntf ck/fwsf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . ck/fw ug]{ sfo{z}nL / cfpg'sf ;fy} cg';Gwfg tl/sfdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] kl/k|]Iodf ;d]t ck/fw ;+lxtf ug]{ lgsfon] k|df0fsf] pTkfbg dxTjk"0f{ sfg'gsf ¿kdf cfPsf] 5 . kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] -Creation_ gu/L ;+sng clei6 eg]sf] JolQmsf] hLjgsf] ;+/If0f, ljlwsf] zf;g -Collection_ ug{'kg]{, j}1flgs (Rule of Law) sfod, kmf}hbf/L Gofodf Ps¿ktf sfod k/LIf0fsf] ;xfotf lng'kg]{ ug]{, lgbf]{if JolQmnfO{ ;hfo gug]{ tyf dfgj clwsf/sf] cfjZostf j9]sf] 5 . /Iff g} xf] . d'n'sdf sfg'gL Joj:yf sfod u/L ;j{;fwf/0fsf] g}ltstf, lzi6frf/, ;bfrf/, ;'ljwf, cfly{s lxt sfod /fVg, ljleGg wfld{s tyf ;fF:s[lts ;d'bfoaLrsf] ;';DaGw tyf zflGt sfod ug{, kmf}hbf/L s;"/
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 57 lgjf/0f / lgoGq0f ug{ / tt\;DaGwL k|rlnt ;Dkbflj?4sf] s;"/ egL kl/efiff ul/Psf] / sfg'gnfO{ ;+zf]wg / PsLs/0f u/L ;dofg's"n To:tf] sfo{nfO{ b08gLo agfOPsf] 5 . kmf}hbf/L s;"/;DaGwL ;+lxtfsf] Joj:yf ug{ sfg'g cfkm}+df ;fWo xf]Og, ;fwg;Dd xf] . sfg'g jf~5gLo ePsf]n] æd'n'sL ck/fw -;+lxtf_ eP/ dfq x'Fb}g, o;sf] sfof{Gjo g} d"n s'/f P]g, @)&$Æ hf/L ul/Psf] kfOG5 . xf] . d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtfn] Joj:yf u/]sf nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf] d'Vo p2]Zo d'n'sdf ;f/e"t sfg'gx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ agfOPsf] cdgr}g sfod u/L gful/snfO{ zflGt / d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf Tolts} ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{' xf] . ljsf;sf] k"jf{wf/ ToxfF dxTjk"0f{ 5 . o;n] kmf}hbf/L s;"/sf] ;"rgf k|fKt x'G5, hxfF ljlwsf] zf;g / sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug]{ Joj:yfb]lv cleof]hg ug]{ sfo{;d]tnfO{ ug]{ clwsf/L r':t b'?:t x'g ;S5g\ . o;sf k|efjsf/L agfPsf] kfOG5 . ;fIfLsf] ;+/If0f, nflu ;do ;fk]If¿kdf sfg'gsf] kl/jt{g x'Fb} cleo'Qmsf] ;f}bfafhL -Plea Bargaining_ h:tf hfg'k5{ . kmf}hbf/L sfg'gn] dfgj Jojxf/x¿nfO{ Joj:yfnfO{ ;d]t o; sfo{ljlw ;+lxtfn] cËLsf/ u}/sfg'gL 3f]if0ff ug]{ (Declaration of Human u/]sf] 5 . ;fljssf] d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO k|lqmofdf conduct as a Crime) / To:tf ck/fwLnfO{ ;hfo kl/jt{g u/L s;"/ sfod ug]{ / b08 lgwf{/0f ug]{ (Penalization) u/L b'O{ d'Vo sfo{ u/]sf] ug]{ 5'§f5'§} ;'g'jfO x'g] gofF Joj:yf klg o;sf] x'G5 . o; d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtfn] klg csf]{ ;sf/fTds kIf xf] . kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw km}fhbf/L sfg'gsf] ;f]xL p2]Zo k"lt{ ug]{ hdsf]{ ;+lxtf / ck/fw ;+lxtf k"/fk"/ sfof{Gjog x'g;s] u/]sf] 5 / o;nfO{ To;}sf] pkhsf] ¿kdf lng g]kfnsf] kmf}hbf/L Gofok|0ffnL ;'b[9 / ;Ifd ;lsG5 . To;}n] ck/fw ug]{ ck/fwLnfO{ ;hfo x'g uO{ kLl8tn] kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] cg'e"lt ug{ ug{;s] dfq sfg'gsf] zf;g / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] ;S5g\ . of] sfg'g sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf k|Tofe"lt x'g;S5 . To;sf/0f klg …d'n'sL ck/fw k|x/L, ;/sf/L jlsn, cbfntsf clws[tx¿ / ;+lxtf, @)&$ nfO{ dxTjk"0f{ b:tfj]hsf ¿kdf k|lt/IfL sfg'g Joj;foL;d]tnfO{ o; sfg'gsf dfGg'k5{ . o;n] ljutdf sfg'gn] ;d]6\g af/]df k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd x'g;s] o;sf] k|of]udf g;s]sf uDeL/ k|s[ltsf ck/fwhGo sfo{x¿ ;xhtf cfpg ;S5 . o;sf nflu ;DalGwt h:tf] ;fj{hlgs zflGtlj?4sf] s;"/, ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] Wofg hfg h?/L 5 . Gofo lj?4sf] s;"/, ;fj{hlgs lxt / g}ltstf @= P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ldM lj?4sf] s;"/nfO{ ;d]t ;Daf]wg ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . olt dfq xf]Og, o;n] e]befj tyf ;+lxtfa4 sfg'gsf] Oltxf; g]kfndf w]/} nfdf] ckdfghGo Jojxf/;DaGwL s;"/ / /fli6«otf tyf g/x]sf], o"/f]k e|d0fdf hfFbf Úg]kf]lnog sf]8 ;fj{hlgs ;Dkbflj?4sf] s;"/nfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z !*)$Ú af6 k|efljt ePsf >L # h+uaxfb'/ /f0ff u/]sf] 5 . h:tf] /fli6«o ufg, emG8f, lgzfg g]kfn kms]{ nuQ} To:t} ;+lxtfj4 sfg'g agfpg 5fksf] ckdfg ug]{, /fli6«o lje"ltsf] ckdfg h'6]sf lyP. To;/L lj=;+= !(!) df Tof] a]nf ug]{, ;fj{hlgs ;Dkbfsf] gf]S;fg ug]{, Iflt k|rlnt wd{–k/Dk/f, ;gb–;jfn, k|yf cflbdf k'¥ofpg]h:tf sfo{nfO{ /fli6«o tyf ;fj{hlgs cfwfl/t d'n'ssf] klxnf] ;+lxtfa4 sfg'g d'n'sL
58 CID MAGAZINE 2074 P]g hf/L ePsf] lyof] . x'gtM g]kfnL sfg'gL Oltxf; lyof] . o:tf sfg'gL cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg x]g{] xf] eg] /fhf hol:ylt dNnn] ;Djt\ !$#^ ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] !* d+l;/ lj=;= @)^% df (1380 A.D/Nepal Era 500) df Gofoljsf;Llg ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz sNof0f >]i7sf] gfdsf] ;+lxtfaå sfg'g agfPsf] klg kfOG5 . ;+of]hsTjdf kmf}hbf/L sfg'g ;'wf/ tyf kl/dfh{g To;kl5 Ps} k6s lj=;=@)!) ;fndf cGt/f{li6«o sfo{bn u7g u/]sf] lyof]. >]i7 sfo{bnn] ^ h]7 k|rng cg's"nsf] ck/fw;+lxtf agfpg klxnf] @)^& df d:of}bf a'emfPsf] lyof] . oL ;+lxtfx¿ k6s sfg'g cfof]u aGof] . Tof] cfof]un] NofPsf] cl3Nnf] Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf ljw]ossf] ¿kdf æg]kfn b08ljwfg @)!@Æ P]g aGg kfPg . To:t}, btf{ eP klg ;+;b\ lj36g ePsfn] kfl/t x'g lj=;=@)@) ;fndf ;+zf]lwt d'n'sL P]gnfO{ kfPgg\ . xfn d'n'sL ck/fw-;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$, yk j}1flgs / Jofjxfl/s agfpg Pj+ 5'§f5'§} d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf P]g, @)&$ kmf}hbf/L sfg'gnfO{ PsLs[t u/L kmf}hbf/L d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtf P]g @)&$ / d'n'sL b]jfgL sfg'gsf ;}4flGts / Jofjxfl/s kIfnfO{ r':t sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf P]g, @)&$ ;d]t Joj:yflksf agfpg] p2]Zon] lj=;= @)@* ;fndf u7g ePsf] ;+;baf6 kfl/t eO{ ;Ddflgt /fi6«kltjf6 sfg'g cfof]un] klg lj=;=@)#) df ck/fw ldlt @)&$ c;f]h #) ut] k|dfl0fs/0f eO;s]sf] ;+lxtfsf] d:of}bf Nofof], t/ Tof] P]gsf] ¿kdf cfpg ;s]g . / ldlt @)&% ebf} ! ut]b]lv k|f/De x'g]5 . lj=;= @)$^ ;fnsf] Joj:yf kl/jt{g;Fu;Fu} cGt//f{li6«o hutsf] cEof;nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] cfPsf] v'nfkgn] g]kfnL ;dfh ljsf; sfg'g / ;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+lxtfa4 / k|ljlwdf km8\sf] dfb{} cl3 a9]sf] (Codified) / c;+lxtfa4 (Un codified) b'j} kfOG5 . Tof] ;Fu} ck/fwdf klg k|ljlw k|of]u k|rngdf /x]sf] kfOG5 . t/ klg sfg'g / Gofosf] x'g yfNof], h;sf] kmn:j¿k ;+ul7t ck/fw klg ljsf; eO;s]sf ljsl;t b]zx¿df ;DalGwt lelqof] . o;/L kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{ cg's"nsf] kmf}hbf/L sfg'gx¿nfO{ PsLs[t¿kd} ;+lxtfa4 u/L ;+lxtf agfpg tTsflng dxfGofoflwjQmf To;nfO{ hfGg / a'‰gsf lglDt ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ a›Laxfb'/ sfsL{sf] ;+of]hsTjdf u7g ePsf] ;lhnf] xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] o:tf] k4lt nfu" sfo{bnn] tof/ kf/]sf] ck/fw ;+lxtf tyf ePsf] kfO\G5 . xfd|f l5d]sL d'n'sx¿ ef/t, kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtfsf] d:of}bf–@)%* klg kfls:tfg / ju+nfb]zdf ;g\ !*^) df tTsflng k|wfgdGqLn] ;+;b\ lj36g u/]sfn] P]g Penal Code cfPsf] To;}u/L >Ln+sfdf !**# df aGg kfPg . / e'6fgdf @))$ df Penal Code hf/L ePsf] lj=;= @)^@÷)^# sf] hgcfGbf]ng / cGtl/d kfOG5 . kmf}hbf/L xf];\ jf b]jfgL xf];\ ;+lxtf ljlw ;+ljwfgsf] efjgf, åGåsf] hl6ntfaf6 l;lh{t eGgfn] p:t}p:t} sfg'gsf] cWoog / cWofkg cfk/flws dgf]lj1fg / emflËbf] ;+ul7t tyf hfgsf/Lsf lglDt Psåf/ k|0ffnL h:t} ck/fw lgoGq0f ug]{ Joj:yf;lxtsf] gofF ;+lxtfsf] xf] . xfdLsxfF klxn] o:tf] k4lt gePsfn] ca cfjZostf eg] v6\sL/Xof] . ;dfhdf kl/jlt{t kmf}hbf/L ;+lxtf cfPkl5 sfg'gL hutdf of] 7"n} d"No dfGotf cg'¿ksf] b]jfgL sfg'g klg rflxPs} pknlAw dfGg'k5{ .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 59 #= d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf @)&$ sf sltko ljifo lyPgg\ . oftgfnfO{ d'n'sL ck/fw d'Vo ljz]iftfx¿M ;+lxtfn] klxnf] rf]l6 ck/fw dfg]sf] 5 . s;}n] oftgf lbof] eg] ck/fw x'G5 eg]sf] 5 . oftgfnfO{ -s_ ;+lxta4 P]gM xfdLn] jt{dfg ;+ljwfgdf g} Joj:yf u/]sf 5f}+ ljleGg P]gx¿df 5l/P/ /x]sf kmf}hbf/L s;"/ / o;df klg /fv]sf 5f}+ . ha/h:tL a]kQf ;DaGwL P]gx¿nfO{ o;n] Ps} 7fpFdf ;+lxtfa4 ug]{ s'/fnfO{ klg o;n] ck/fw dfg]sf] 5 . To:t} u/]sf] 5 . sltko k/Dk/fut ck/fwx¿sf] JofVof kLl8tsf] ;+/If0f;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox¿ o;leq klg jt{dfg ;dofg's"n kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] 5 . pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ckx/0fnfO{ @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}hbf/L Gofosf l;4fGtx¿nfO{ o;n] sfg'gsf] ;+zf]wgn] ck/fwLs/0f u¥of] . t/, ckx/0fsf] cË agfPsf] 5 . To;n] ubf{ cbfntn] klg tL kl/efiff eg] clxn];Dd klg k"/f ePg eGg] 5 . l;4fGtnfO{ sfg'g;/x cjnDag ug{'kg]{ afWotf To;sf] kl/efiffnfO{ of] ;+lxtfn] k"/f u/]sf] 5 . 5 . clxn];Dd kmf}hbf/L Gofosf l;4fGtnfO{ -3_ ;/nLs[t efiffsf] k|of]u ePsf]M l;4fGt g} dfg]/ JofVof ul/GYof], sfg'g dfg]/ xf]Og . cbfntn] sfg'g;/x g} kmf}hbf/L Gofosf sfg'gsf] l;4fGtn] sfg'g hlt;Sbf] w]/} dfG5]n] l;4fGtx¿ cjnDag ug{'kg]{ u/L ePsf] Joj:yf a'‰g] u/L ;/n efiffdf n]lvg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf o;sf] ;sf/fTds kIf xf] . /fV5 . efiff ;dofg's"n kl/jt{g x'G5 . d'n'sL P]g klxnf]k6s agfpFbf To;df n]lvPsf] efiff 7Ls -v_ ck/fwsf] kl/efiffM lyof] xf]nf . ;dosf] ljsf;;Fu} efiff kl/jt{g / of] ;+lxtfn] ;do cg';f/ ck/fwnfO{ kl/eflift kl/is[t ePsf] 5 . To;}n] clxn] ;+lxtfsf] efiff ul/g'kg]{ cjwf/0ff cjnDag u/]sf] 5 . gofFgofF ;/nLs[t kfl/Psf] 5 . ;fdflhs ljs[ltx¿nfO{ klg ck/fwsf] ¿kdf -ª_ c;n lgotn] u/]sf] sfo{ s;"/ gx'g]M kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . o;n] cfw'lgs o'udf 8/ qf; / c;n lgotn] u/]sf] sfd s;"/ gx'g] ljleGg k|ljlw cjnDag u/]/ x'g] ck/fwnfO{ klg Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . s;}n] hf]lvd xftxltof/ jf sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg] k|oTg u/]sf] 5 . s;"/, ljiffn' jf ljikmf]6s kbfy{ lnO{ s'g} JolQmnfO{ sfd, uDeL/ s;"/ tyf h3Go s;"/ ;d]tsf] lghn] tTsfn s'g} sfd gu/] lgh jf lghsf] kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . o;af6 sltko gofFvfn] glhssf] gft]bf/sf] Hofg lng] jf zf/Ll/s ck/fwnfO{ sfg'gsf] cefjsf sf/0f cleof]hg cËeË u/fpg] 8/ qf; b]vfPsf] / tTsfn To:tf] ug{df b]vf kl//x]sf] sl7gfOsf] klg cGTo ePsf] sfd gu/] cfˆgf] jf cfˆgf] glhssf] gft]bf/sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ cg';Gwfg ug]{ ;d]tsf lgsfonfO{ Hofg hfg jf zf/Ll/s cËeË x'g ;Sg] vt/f 5 ;xh ePsf] 5 . egL ljZjf; ug{' kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f eO{ To:tf] -u_ cGt/f{li6«o ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox¿ JolQmn] u/]sf] To:tf] sfd s;"/ dflgg] 5}g . yk ePsfM t/ Hofg lnPsf] jf zf/Ll/s cËeË u/]sf]df, ha/h:tL s/0fL u/]sf]df, /fHolj?4sf] s;"/ d'n'sL P]gdf cGt/f{li6«o ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwt u/]sf]df jf To:tf] sfd ug]{ JolQm cfkm}n] ubf{
60 CID MAGAZINE 2074 jf cfkm"n] s'g} sfd u/]sf] sf/0faf6 lgh To:tf] s;"/jfkt 8]9L ;hfo x'g], ;hfo 5'6, hl/jfgf 8/ qf;sf] cj:yfdf k'u]sf]df eg] s;"/ dflgg] jfkt ;d]t s}b ug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 . Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} jblgotk"j{s cg';Gwfg ;+lxtf cg';f/ ca 5 k|sf/sf 36gfsf s;"/bf/n] jf cleof]hg ug{ gx'g] ;d]tsf] Joj:yf cfhLjg s}b a:g'kg]{5 . pNn]v 5 . s s7f]/ oftgf lbO{ jf lgd{dtfk"j{s Hofg -r_ afXo If]qLo If]qflwsf/ df/]sf], -Extra Territorial Jurisdiction_ s jfo'ofg ckx/0f u/L jf lj:kmf]6 u/L Hofg s'g} g]kfnL gful/sn] g]kfn aflx/ s'g} g]kfnL df/]sf], gful/slj?4 Hofg ;DaGwL, c+ue+u, ckx/0f ha/h:tL s/0fL cflb s;"/ u/]df, pBf]u jf s ckx/0f u/L z/L/aGws agfO{ Hofg df/]sf], if8\oGq u/]df ;d]t of] P]g cslif{t x'g] 5 . s ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf pkef]u x'g] k]o jf -5_ kmf}hbf/L Gofosf l;4fGtx¿ ;dfj]z ePsf]M vfBkbfy{df ljif ld;fP/ Hofg df/]sf], s s'g} hfthflt jf ;Dk|bfosf] cl:tTjg} nf]k of] P]gdf sfg'g adf]lhdsf] sfd u/] s;"/ gx'g], ug]{ hfltxTof - _ u/]sf] jf ug]{ sfg'g adf]lhddfq ;hfo x'g], tYosf] e|ddf Genocide k/L u/]sf] sfd s;"/ gx'g], Pp6} s;"/df bf]xf]/f] p2]Zon] s;"/ u/]sf], ;hfo gx'g], :jR5 ;'g'jfOaf6 jl~rt gx'g], s ha/h:tL s/0fL u/L Hofg df/]sf] cj:yfdf cfˆgf] lj?4 ;fIfL x'g s/ gnfUg], s;"/ k|dfl0ft s;"/ k|dfl0ft ePdf geP;Dd s;"/bf/ gdflgg], afnaflnsfn] u/]sf] -`_ d'n'sL ck/fw ;+lxtf ;fdfGo sfg'gsf] ¿kdf sfd s;"/ gx'g], d~h'/L lnO{ u/]sf] sfd s;"/ k|:tt' ePsf]M gx'g], enfO{sf nflu u/]sf] sfd s;"/ gx'g] tyf c;n lgotn] u/]sf] sfd s;"/ gx'g], lghL /Iffsf] of] Ps ;dfGo sfg'gsf ¿kdf hf/L ePsf] nflu u/]sf] sfd s;"/ gx'g], lg/k]If bfloTj 5 . ;fdfGo sfg'gdf pNn]v ul/Psf Joj:yfx¿ -Strict liability_ x'g] s;"/df cfk/flws dg;fo -pbfx/0fsf nflu kmf}hbf/L Gofosf l;4fGt, k/LIf0f gx'g] cflb kmf}hbf/L Gofosf l;4fGtx¿ sfo{ljlw cflb_ ljz]if sfg'gdf klg nfu" x'g] u/L ;dfj]z ul/Psf] kfO{5 . cfjZos Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . s'g} ljz]if sfg'gdf ;d]t nfu" x'g] u/L k|:tfljt ljw]osx¿df ePsf] -h_ s;"/sf] uflDeo{tf 36fpg] tyf a9fpg] cj:yfM Joj:yfeGbf 5"§} Joj:yf ePsf]df ljlwzf:qsf] s;"/sf] uflDeo{tfnfO{ j9fpg] ljleGg cj:yf :yflkt l;4fGt Lex specialis derogate lex tyf 36fpg] ljljw cj:yfx¿sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] generalis (A specific law nullifies a general 5, h;n] ck/fw cg';Gwfg, ceLof]hg / Goflos law) -ljz]if sfg'gn] ;fdfGo sfg'gnfO{ lj:yfkg lgisif{df k|efjsfl/tf x'g]5 . ub{5_ cg'¿k ljz]if sfg'g nfu" x'g] Joj:yf -em_ ;hfo tyf cGtl/d Ifltk"lt{;d]tsf] ul/Psf] 5 . :ki6 Joj:yf ePsf] 5M $= lgisif{M hGds}bsf] bfo/f a9fP/ @% jif{ s}b ;hfo x'g] em08} ^ bzssf] cys k|of;af6 g]kfndf d'n'sL u0fgf ul/g] Joj:yf /x]sf], ;hfo yk PsLs[t ck/fw ;+lxtf tyf d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 61 ;+lxtf @)&$ k|dfl0fs/0f ePsf] 5 . o;n] 5l/P/ / cleof]hgstf{sf] lqsf]0ffTds ;dGjo tyf /x]sf ljljw sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ ;+lxtfs/0f u/L ck/fw kLl8tsf] ;xof]usf] ;'lgZrtf x'g;s] ljZjdf ljsf; ePsf] lj1fg / k|ljlw ;d]taf6 dfq k|:t't ;+lxtfsf] 7f]; sfof{Gjog x'g] 5 . of] >[hgf ePsf tyf k/Dk/fut sfo{x¿ h;nfO{ ;+lxtfn] ljjfx g} gu/L ;Fu} a:g] rng -living /fHon] u}/sfg'gL / ck/fw 3f]if0ff u/]sf] x'G5, ;f] together_, ;/f]u];L, jx'ljjfxaf6 hlGdPsf nfO{ sfg'gL bfo/fdf NofO{ b08xLgtfsf] cj:yf ;Gtfgsf] xsdf ljjfx jb/ eP s] x'g] < eGg] cGTo u/L nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf] ;fy{stf lbg h:tf ljleGg ;jfnx¿sf] ;d]t ;Djf]wg ug{ hdsf]{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;s]df ;'gdf ;'uGw x'g] lyof] . g}ltstf, ;bfrf/, st{Jok/fo0ftf, e]befj, ;+lxtfsf] sfof{Gjog z'? ePkZrft o;n] cGofo, ckdfghgs Jojxf/, ;fj{hlgs ;Dkbfsf] kf/]sf] k|efj tyf b]lvPsf sdL sdhf]/L ;+zf]wg ;+/If0f, /fli6«o tyf ;fj{hlgs ;Dkbf, jftfj/0f ub}{ cufl8 a9]df ljlwsf] zf;gsf] kl/kfngf eO{ ;+/If0fh:tf ljljw ljifox¿nfO{ ;+lxtfs/0fn] ;dfhdf zflGt / ;'Joj:yf sfod ug{ ;lsg] ;d]6]sf] cj:yf 5 . ;+lxtfn] u/]sf] ck/fwsf] lglZrt 5 . kl/efiff, s;"/ / ;hfosf] juL{s/0f, cg';Gwfg ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx¿M ug]{ lgsfo, cleof]hg ug]{ lgsfo tyf Goflos lg¿k0f ug]{ lgsfox¿sf] nflu sfo{ljlw;d]t to s g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg-@)&@_ u/]sf]n] ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ;/ntf cfpg'sf s d'n'sL ck/fw-;+lxtf_ @)&$ ;fy} cg';Gwfg ug]{ lgsfon] k|df0fsf] pTkfbg s Gofoljsfl;gL – !$#^ -Creation_ gu/L ;+sng -Collection_ ug{'kg]{, s d'n'sL P]g, @)@) j}1flgs k/LIf0fsf] ;xfotf lng'kg]{ cfjZostf s ck/fw ;+lxtf -d:of}bf_ a9]sf] 5 . s ck/fw ;+lxtf tyf kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw ck/fw cg';Gwfgs} qmdaf6 cg';Gwfg ;+lxtfsf] d:of}bf – @)%* clwsf/L / ;/sf/L jlsnsf] ;dGjofTds s ck/fw ;+lxtf, km}fhbf/L sfo{ljlw ;+lxtf tyf e"ldsfsf] dxTj gsfg{ ;lsGg . ;fy} d'2f km}fhbf/L s;"/ -;hfo lgwf{/0f tyf sfo{Gjog_ x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf] ;d]t ;xof]udf cg';Gwfgstf{ P]gsf] d:of}bf tyf k|ltj]bg, @)^&
62 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ck/fw /f]syfddf ck/fw tYof°sf] dxTj
sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z k|x/Lnufot sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfox¿n] ;fdfGotof ck/flws 36gf tyf ultljlw, kLl8t, cleo'Qm, 36gf:yn cflbsf tYof+s /fVg] ub{5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm k|x/Lsf] hfgsf/Ldf gcfPsf cfk/flws 36gfx¿sf] ljZn]if0fsf] nflu ck/fw ;j]{If0f -Crime Survey_ u/]/ ;d]t ck/fw k|=gf=p= gj/fh clwsf/L ;DaGwL tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ ul/G5 . o;/L ;+slnt ck/fw tYof+s d'Votof gLlt lgdf{tf, sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo, ;fj{hlgs If]q tyf lglh If]q, ;~rf/ hut, cfd gful/s / ;f]wstf{x¿n] ljleGg k|of]hgsf] nflu k|of]u ub{5g\ . ck/fw cg';Gwfg tyf /f]syfddf o;sf] lgSs} 7"nf] dxTj /xG5 . oBlk, ck/fw tYof+ssf] pkof]lutf k|x/Lsf] hgzlQm tyf cGo ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng /0fgLltdf k|ToIf lge{/ /xG5 . k/Dk/fut k|x/L kl/rfng /0fgLltcg';f/ ck/fw tYof+ssf] k|of]u k|x/L 36gf:yndf k'Ug nfu]sf] ;do, s"n d'2f btf{ ;+Vof, s"n cleo'Qm kqmfp ;+Vof, d'2f km5\of]{6 ;+Vof, ;kmn d'2fsf] ;+Vofnufotsf ljj/0fx¿ ljZn]if0f ug]{ p2]Zon] ul/G5, t/ gjLgtd\ k|x/L kl/rfng /0fgLltdf ck/fw tYof+s, ;'/IffTds k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] cj:yf, hg;+Vof j[l4, /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf, cfly{s ultljlwnufotsf tYof+snfO{ ;d]t ljZn]if0f u/L ck/fw k|j[lQ kQf nufO{ ck/fw cg';Gwfg tyf /f]syfd ug]{ cTofjZos ;fwgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/G5 . k|=lg= ;'Gb/ ltjf/L ck/fw /f]syfdsf nflu ck/fw tYof+snfO{ d'VotM rf/ lsl;daf6 k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . ck/fw k|j[lQ ljZn]if0f u/L ck/fw a9L x'g] :yfg / ;dodf ;'/Iff pks/0f / k|x/L kl/rfng a9fpg], cfk/flws ultljlwsf] af/]df cfd gful/snfO{ ;r]t u/fpg], ck/fw jf 36gfsf] sf/stTj kQf nufO{ bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg ug{sf] nflu gLlt lgdf{0f jf k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug]{ / cfk/flws sfo{ljlw Pjd\ cleo'Qmsf] clen]v ljZn]if0f ug]{ ul/G5 . kl5Nnf lbgx¿df ck/fw tYof+ssf] cWoog tyf ljZn]if0fnfO{ ck/fw lgoGq0f / cg';Gwfg sfo{sf] dxTjk"0f{ kIfsf] ¿kdf lng yflnPsf] 5 .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 63 != k[i7e"ld o; k|0ffnLdf k|x/Lsf] hfgsf/Ldf gcfpg] sltko cfk/flws 36gfx¿ ;d]6\g s_ kl/roM cfk/flws 36gf tyf ultljlw, g;s]sf] eGg] cfnf]rgf ePkZrft 36gf:yn, kLl8t / cleo'Qmsf] af/]df n] ;g\ !(&@ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] ;Íng ul/Psf] tYofÍnfO{ Bureau of Justice Statistics b]lv ck/fw tYofÍ elgG5 . sfg'g sfof{Gjog National Crime Victimization Survey u/L jf:tljs ck/fw tYofÍ / ug]{ lgsfon] cflwsfl/s ck/fw tYofÍ k|x/Lsf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf 36gfaLrsf] - _ tyf ck/fw ;j]{If0f Official Crime Data km/s - k|x/Lsf] - _ u/L d'VotM b'O{ tl/sfn] Dark/ Hidden figure of crime- Crime Survey hfgsf/Ldf gcfPsf 36gf_ nfO{ ;d]t k|If]k0f ck/fw tYofÍ ;Íng ug]{ ub{5g\ . cflwsfl/s ug{ yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . To;}u/L ck/fw tYofÍnfO{ ck/fw tYofÍ jflif{s jf cfjlws ¿kdf cem Jojl:yt ug]{ p2]Zon] ;g\ !(*( df lglZrt 9fFrfdf ljleGg ljlwx¿ k|of]u u/L
ljZn]if0f u/]/ ;'emfj;lxt k|sflzt ul/G5 National Incident-Based Reporting System nfu" u/L ck/fw tYofÍnfO{ / o;sf] ljZj;lgotf dfkg ug{sf] nflu /COMPSTAT j}1flgs tl/sfn] ;ª\ng tyf ljZn]if0f ug]{ ck/fw ;j]{If0f;d]t ug]{ k|rng /x]sf] k|rngsf] ljsf; ePsf] b]lvG5 . kfOG5 . u_ g]kfn k|x/Ldf ck/fw tYof°M g]kfn v_ ck/fw tYof°sf] Oltxf;M pGgfO;f}+ k|x/Lsf] ;f+u7flgs 9fFrf tyf sfd st{Jo ztfAbLsf] dWolt/ ck/fw a9]sf] jf 36]sf] 5 nufotsf ljj/0fx¿ ;dfj]z u/L u[x eGg] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lng] p2]Zon] ck/fw dGqfnoåf/f lj=;+= @)@@ ;fndf k|sflzt tYofÍ /fVg] k|rngsf] ;'?jft k|mfG;af6 ePsf] æk'ln; Joj:yfÆ df k|x/Ldf ck/fw b]lvG5 -Sellin and Wolfgang, P.=9_ . kl5 clen]v tyf hfx]/L zfvfsf] pNn]v u/]sf] Adolphe Quetelet / Andre Michel Guerry n] kfOG5 . o;af6 g]kfn k|x/Ldf @)@@ ck/fw tYofÍnfO{ j}1flgs tj/af6 ;fdflhs ;fneGbf klxnfb]lv g} cfk/flws tYofÍ / b[li6sf]0fn] cWoog Pjd\ ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of; clen]vx¿ /fVg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;dosf] u/] . qmdzM ;fdflhs cWoogstf{x¿n] cGt/fn;Fu} ljsl;t k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ck/fwsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, hg;f+lVos / pknAwtfcg';f/ g]kfn k|x/Ln] ck/fw ef}uf]lns ljz]iftf;Fusf] cGt/;DaGw kQf tYofÍsf] clen]vg tyf ljZn]if0f ub}{ cfPsf] nufpg] p2]Zon] ck/fw tYofÍnfO{ ljleGg 5 . lj=;+= @)#) sf] bzssf] ;'?jftb]lv !) If]qaf6 cWoog Pjd\ ljZn]if0f ug{ yfn]sf] gDa/ 8fo/L elgg] ljleGg !) j6f dxn b]lvG5 . ePsf] 9fFrfdf k|x/L sfof{nodf cfk/flws ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfdf sfg'g sfof{Gjog 36gfsf] btf{ ug{ ;'? ul/Psf] lyof] . o;} u/fpg] ;Dk"0f{ lgsfox¿df j}1flgs tl/sfaf6 9fFrfnfO{ lj:t[t agfO{ ;/sf/L d'2f;DaGwL PsLs[t ck/fw tYofÍ /fVg] p2]Zon] lgodfjnL, @)%% sf] cg';"rL–# df ;dfj]z ;g\ !(#) df Uniform Crime Reports ul/Psf] !) gDa/ 8fo/LnfO{ d'Vo ck/fw -UCR_ k|0ffnLsf] ;'?jft ePsf] kfOG5 . clen]vg sfo{ dfGg ;lsG5 .
64 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ck/fw tYofÍsf] dxTjnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ g]kfn @= ck/fw tYof°sf] k|of]u k|x/Ln] lj=;+= @)%^ ;fnaf6 5'§} sDKo'6/ ;ˆ6j]o/af6 k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t tYofÍ s_ sfg'g sfof{Gjog u/fpg] lgsfox¿ /fVg] k|0ffnLsf] ;'?jft u/]sf] 5 . h;cg';f/ -Law Enforcement Agencies): ck/fw tYofÍsf] d'Vo ;|f]tsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] sfg'g xfn ck/fw tYofÍnfO{ Jojl:yt tl/sfn] sfof{Gjog u/fpg] k|x/L ;+u7gnufotsf /fVg !) gDa/ 8fo/Ldf eGbf a9L ;"rgfx¿ lgsfox¿n] cfjZostfcg';f/ :yfgLo lgoldt¿kdf k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, ck/fw :t/b]lv s]G›Lo tx;Dd ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefudf PsLs[t¿kdf /flvFb} cfPsf] ljZn]if0f u/L ck/fw /f]syfd tyf cg';Gwfg 5 . xfn Daily Incident Report System -DIRS_ ug]{ p2]Zon] ck/fw tYofÍsf] k|of]u ug{ / Crime and Criminal Information System ;Sb5g\ . -CCIS_ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf v_ :yfgLo, k|fb]lzs tyf s]Gb|Lo gLlt lgdf{tfx¿ 5g\ . k|x/L sfof{nodf k|fKt x/]s 36gfsf] ljj/0f -Local, State and Federal Policy Makers_: DIRS df /flvG5 eg] CCIS df d'2f btf{ ePsf zflGt ;'/Iff, cdg rog sfod ug{ tyf cfk/flws 36gfx¿sf] ljj/0f clen]vLs/0f ck/fw lgoGq0f / cg';Gwfg ug{df sfg'g ul/G5 . xfn g]kfn k|x/Lsf] INTRANET ;~hfndf sfof{Gjogsf] kIfeGbf klg dxTjk"0f{ cfa4 ePsf k|x/L sfof{nox¿af6 l;w} tYofÍ cfjZos gLlt, lgod / sfg'gsf] th{'df ;dflji6 ug{ ;lsG5 eg] INTRANET df cfa4 ug{' /x]sf] x'G5 . zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf x'g afFsL d'2f rnfOg] cGo k|x/L sfof{nox¿n] / ck/fwsf] l:yltnfO{ ljZn]if0fåf/f k|fKt ;DalGwt lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no jf lgisif{ cg';f/ gLlt lgdf{0f jf kl/dfh{g u/L clVtof/ ug{ :yfgLo, k|fb]lzs tyf s]G›Lo k|b]z k|x/L sfof{nodfkm{t tYofÍ ;dflji6 gLlt lgdf{tfx¿sf] nflu ck/fw tYofÍsf] u/fpFb5g\ . xfn ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefu cWoog tyf ljZn]if0f dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . cGtu{t /x]sf] ck/fw clen]v tyf ljZn]if0f u_ cGoM sfg'g sfof{Gjog u/fpg] lgsfo / zfvfn] tYofÍ ;+sng u/L ;fKtflxs, dfl;s / gLlt lgdf{tfsf cltl/Qm ;fj{hlgs If]q jflif{s¿kdf ljZn]if0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . tyf lglh If]q, ;~rf/ hut, cfd gful/s t/, hlt g} a9L h3Go k|s[ltsf] ck/fw ePtfklg / zf]wstf{x¿nfO{ ljleGg k|of]hgsf] nflu k|x/Ln] d'2f rnfPsf afx]s cGo d'2fx¿ -e|i6frf/ ck/fw tYofÍ dxTjk"0f{ ;fljt x'G5 . lgjf/0f P]g, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g, jg #= ck/fw /f]syfddf ck/fw tYof°sf] P]g, /fhZj P]gnufotsf cGo sfg'gcg';f/ dxTjM rnfOPsf d'2fx¿_ sf] clen]v tyf tYofÍsf] ck/fw /f]syfddf ck/fw tYofÍsf] dxTj s] xfn;Dd klg g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ kx'Fr gePsf]n] To:tf slt /xg] eGg] s'/f k|x/L ;+u7gn] ckgfpg] ck/fwx¿nfO{ g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ck/fw ljZn]if0fdf /0fgLltdf lge{/ /xG5 . o; ;Gbe{df xfn ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g . ljZjdf k|rlnt k|x/L kl/rfng /0fgLlt
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 65 / ck/fw tYofÍsf] dxTj tyf e"ldsfnfO{ tYofÍ ljZn]if0f / lbOg] ;'emfjnfO{ vf;} dxTj a'Fbfut ¿kdf rrf{ ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 . lbFb}g .
s_ Standard Model of Policing: o; /0fgLlt v_ Community Policing: kl5Nnf] s]xL cg';f/ ;fdfGo JolQmn] k|x/Laf6 s]–s:tf] bzssf] k|x/L kl/rfng /0fgLltnfO{ cWoog sfd sf/afxLsf] ck]Iff u/]sf] x'G5, ;f]xL ug]{ xf] eg] ;fd'bflos k|x/L ;]jfsf] cjwf/0ff cg';f/ k|x/L kl/rfng x'G5 . o; lsl;dsf] ljZjJofkL¿kdf clVtof/ ul/Psf] /0fgLlt cjwf/0ffcg';f/ k|ltlqmofzLn k|x/L xf] -Weisburd & Eck, 2004_ . ljleGg kl/rfng -Reactive Policing_ k|fyldstfdf kl/j]z tyf ;docg';f/ kl/jlt{t ¿kdf /xG5 -Weisburd & Eck, 2004_ . o; b]lvPsf] ;fd'bflos k|x/Lsf] cjwf/0ffsf] /0fgLltn] lgDgfg';f/sf] dfGotf /fv]sf] x'G5M d'Vo dfGotf ck/fw lgoGq0f / cg';Gwfgsf] s k|x/Lsf] ;+Vof a9fpgfn] ;'/Iff k|efjsf/L nflu k|x/Ln] ;d'bfo;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ x'G5 . h;n] ck/fw lgoGq0f / cg';Gwfgdf ug{'kb{5 eGg] /x]sf] x'G5 . 7"nf] d2t ub{5 . /0fgLlteGbf klg bz{gsf] ¿kdf lnOg] o; s ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿df ;jf/L tyf k}bn u:tL cjwf/0ff cg';f/ ;d'bfosf afl;Gbf :jod\n] a9fpgfn] ;'/Iff dha't x'G5 . cfˆgf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu 6f]n l5d]sdf eO/x]sf s ck/fwsf] ;"rgf k|fKt x'gf;fy k|x/L ultljlw lgu/fgL u/]/ k|x/LnfO{ hfgsf/L kl/rfng ugf{n] ck/fwL kqmfp ug{ u/fpg] ub{5g\ . ck/fw tYofÍ ljZn]if0fsf] ;lsG5 . cfwf/df k|x/Ln] ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iffsf] nflu s ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] lgoldt kmnf]–ck ugf{n] cGt/lqmof tyf 5nkmn ug]{, lgoldt ¿kdf ck/fw cg';Gwfg ;kmn x'G5 . 3/b}nf] / e]63f6 ug]{, ;'/Iff ;r]tgfd"ns s ck/fwLnfO{ kqmfp u/L sfg'gL bfo/fdf hfgsf/L lbg], l/e;{ sn -lglZrt If]qsf NofpFbf cfk/flws dfgl;stf ePsf cGo afl;GbfnfO{ Ps} ;fy kmf]g jf Dof;]h u/L JolQmx¿ ;d]t lg?T;flxt x'g'sf ;fy} cfd cfk/flws ultljlwsf] / ;'/IffTds pkfosf] gful/sdf ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt x'G5 . af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg]_ cflb ug]{ u/]sf] o; /0fgLltcg';f/ ;'/Iff a9fpgsf] nflu k|x/Ln] kfOG5 . of] /0fgLltsf] d'Vo p2]Zo ck/fw lks]6, df]afOn, k}bn u:tLx¿ a9fpg'sf ;fy} /f]syfdsf] pkfox¿ ckgfO{ ck/fwk|ltsf] z+lst JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ug]{ tyf cg';Gwfg 8/ Go"gLs/0f ug{df pNn]vgLo ¿kdf ;kmn ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbOG5 . To;}n] o; ePsf] kfOG5 . /0fgLlt clVtof/ ug]{ k|x/L ;+u7gn] ck/fw ;fd'bflos k|x/L ;]jfsf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ tYofÍsf] k|of]u k|x/L 36gf:yndf k'Ug nfu]sf] ck/fw tYofÍ ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df ;do, s"n d'2f btf{ ;+Vof, s"n cleo'Qm kqmfp ck/fw, ck/fwL / ck/fwhGo ultljlw tyf ;+Vof, d'2f km5\of]{6 ;+Vof, ;kmn d'2f ;+Vof ck/fw Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu hgr]tgfd"ns nufotsf ljj/0fx¿ kQf nufpg] p2]Zon] dfq hfgsf/Lx¿ ;d]t ;~rf/ dfWod jf ub{5 . ;a}eGbf sd k|efjsf/L dflgg] k/Dk/fut ;fdflhs ;~hfndfkm{t jf k|ToIf¿kdf cjwf/0ffdf cfwfl/t o; /0fgLltn] ck/fw hgtf;Fu e]63f6 u/L ;';"lrt ul/G5 .
66 CID MAGAZINE 2074 To;sf cltl/Qm ;d'bfoaf6 k|fKt ;"rgf 3_ Hot Spots Policing: tYofÍ ljZn]if0f tyf hfgsf/Lx¿ ;Íng Pjd\ ljZn]if0f u/]/ ubf{ cToflws¿kdf cfk/flws ultljlw :yfgLo ;'/Iff;DaGwL ;d:ofsf] klxrfg, x'g] b]lvPsf] :yfg ljz]if jf ;do kLl8tsf] ;j]{If0f, k|x/L ;]jfk|ltsf] ;Gt'li6 ljz]ifdf of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] k|x/L kl/rfng ;d]t dfkg ug]{ nufotsf ultljlwx¿nfO{ ug]{ /0fgLltnfO{ Hot Spots Policing dxTjk"0f{ lqmofsnfksf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . elgG5 . o; lsl;dsf] /0fgLltsf] To;}n] o; /0fgLltdf ck/fw tYofÍsf] cxd\ k|efjsfl/tf cWoogn] Hot Spot df e"ldsf /xG5 . of]hgfa4 tl/sfn] k|x/L kl/rfng ubf{ u_ Broken Window Policing: ck/fw pQm :yfgdf x'g] u/]sf ck/fw Go"gLs/0f Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu pR5[ª\vn lqmofsnfk x'g] tYo b]vfPsf] 5 . ck/fw ljZn]ifsx¿n] tyf ck/fwhGo ultljlwlj¿4 ;Vt ck/fw lgoGq0fsf] nflu Hot Spot Policing sf/afxL ug{'k5{ eGg] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t Ps ;kmn /0fgLltsf] ¿kdf lng] u/]sf 5g\ . o; /0fgLltnfO{ Zero Tolerance Policing -36gf:ynsf] cfwf/df klg elgG5 . ck/flws dfgl;stf ePsf Crime Mapping ck/fw ljZn]if0f ug]{ ljlw_ u/L ck/fwsf] JolQmx¿nfO{ lg¿T;flxt u/]/ h3Go ljZn]if0f ug]{ sfo{n] kQf ck/fw /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] o;sf] Hot Spots nufOG5 . ck/fw tYofÍnfO{ - d'Vo dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . km'6]sf] ‰ofnsf] GIS Geographic _ sf] ;xfotfaf6 a]jf:tf ubf{ 7"nf] rf]/L x'g ;S5, cyf{t ;fgf] Information System ;DalGwt :yfgsf] gS;fdf hgfOG5, 36gfnfO{ a]jf:tf ubf{ h] u/] klg s;}n] s]xL ub}{g eGg] lsl;dsf] gsf/fTds ;Gb]z k|jfx h;n] ubf{ :yfg / ;do ljz]ifdf ePsf eO{ cem h3Go k|s[ltsf cfk/flws 36gf cfk/flws ultljlwnfO{ lrq0f ug{ ;xh lgDTofpFb5 . To;}n] ;dfhdf x'g] pR5[ª\vn x'G5 . o;/L cfk/flws ultljlwsf] cj:yf lqmofsnfk ;dodf g} lgoGq0f ug{' kb{5 x]/]/ k|x/L kl/rfng of]hgfnfO{ kl/dfh{g eGg] o; /0fgLltsf] dfGotf /x]sf] 5 . u/L sfof{Gjog ubf{ ck/fw /f]syfd ug{ ;lsG5 . o; /0fgLltcg';f/ ck/fw tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f u/L sfg'g sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf ª_ Problem Oriented Policing: o; d"NofÍg ug]{ ul/G5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu /0fgLltn] ;d'bfodf cfk/flws 36gf 36\g' z+lst tyf cjflG5t JolQmnfO{ kqmfp / k"j{ g} k|x/L ;lqmo eO{ ;d:ofsf] klxrfg sf/afxL u/L klxnf / kl5Nnf] cj:yfsf] tyf ;dfwfg u/]sf] v08df ck/fw /f]syfd ck/fw ;+Vofsf] t'ngfTds cWoog ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotf /fVb5 . k|x/Ln] ul/G5 . o; /0fgLltdf ck/fw Go"gLs/0fsf] ;d:ofsf] klxrfg / ;dfwfg ug{sf] nflu nflu cjnDag ug{'kg]{ ;'/IffTds Jojl:yt¿kdf tYofÍ ;Íng / ljZn]if0f ug{ pkfox¿sf] klxrfg / sfof{GjogkZrft h¿/L x'G5 . John Eck / William Spelman n] ;kmntf dfkgsf] nflu ck/fw tYofÍnfO{ ;g\ !(*& df SARA df]8nsf] k|fb'ef{j u/]sf d]¿b08sf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . lyP .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 67 w Scanning and defining specific problems. h;/L ljQLo If]qdf ljleGg sf/stTjx¿nfO{ w Analyzing data to understand the cfwf/ dfg]/ cfufdL lbgdf x'g] ljQLo opportunities that create the problem. sf/f]af/sf] k"jf{g'dfg ul/G5 . To;/L g} w Responding the problem using both o; /0fgLltdf ck/fw tYofÍ, ;'/IffTds police and non-police methods. k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf] cj:yf, hg;+Vof j[l4, w Assessing whether the response has /f]huf/Lsf] cj:yf, cfly{s ultljlw worked. nufotsf tYofÍx¿nfO{ ljZn]if0f u/L of] l;4fGt kof{j/0fLo ck/fwzf:q / j:t'ut ck/fw k|j[lQ ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ck/fw /f]syfd l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] o;/L ck/fw k|j[lQ ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df 5 . d'Vo u/L of] /0fgLlt ck/fw / ck/fwhGo k|fSs[ofTds k|x/L ;]jf -Proactive Policing_ ultljlw x'g] cj:yf kQf nufP/ lgoGq0f nfu" u/L ck/fw Go"gLs/0f ug{df 7"nf] d2t ug{df s]lG›t x'G5 . of] /0fgLlt vf]h tyf k'Ub5 . cWoogdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . $= ck/fw ljZn]if0f o; /0fgLltdf ck/fw tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f ck/fw /f]syfd / cg';Gwfgdf ck/fw u/L ;dfhdf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] ;d:ofsf] tYofÍsf] dxTj k|x/L kl/rfng /0fgLltdf klxrfg u/L lsg / s;/L ck/fwhGo lge{/ ug]{ tYodfly rrf{ u¥of}+ . ljz]if u/L ;d:ofx¿ pTkGg eO/x]sf 5g\ < To:tf k|x/L kl/rfngsf k/Dk/fut cjwf/0ffeGbf sf/stTjx¿nfO{ ;dod} ;dfwfg u/]/ gjLgtd\ cjwf/0ffx¿n] ck/fw ljZn]if0fnfO{ ck/fw Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] dfGotf hf]8 lbPsf] kfOG5 . k|x/L kl/rfngnfO{ /x]sf] 5 . o; /0fgLltsf] d'Vo cfwf/ g} j}1flgs agfpgsf] nflu ck/fw ljZn]if0f ck/fw tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f xf] . cTofjZos x'G5 . To;}n] ljsl;t d'nssf r_ Predictive Policing: o; /0fgLltdf k|x/L ;+u7gn] ck/fw ljZn]if0fnfO{ cleGg ck/fw / ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf c+usf ¿kdf lnG5g\ . Pjd\ hfgsf/LnfO{ e"–:yflgs k|ljlw ck/fw ljZn]if0fsf] p2]Zo s'g} Ps 36gf (Geospatial Technology) df lrqfÍg jf ck/fw ljz]ifsf] cWoog Pjd\ ljZn]if0f ul/G5 . h;sf] cfwf/df ck/fw ljZn]if0f geP/ ;du| ck/fwx¿sf] cWoog Pjd\ u/L s'g ;dodf s'g :yfgdf s]–s:tf ljZn]if0f u/L ;d:of klxrfg / ;dfwfgsf] cfk/flws 36gfx¿ 36\g] u/]sf 5g\, o;sf] pkfo kQf nufpg] xf] . ;fdGotofM ck/fw k|j[lQ kQf nufO{ ck/fw Go"gLs/0fsf] tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ lgDg tLg lsl;dsf nflu ;|f]t ;fwg kl/rfng ug]{ ul/G5 . of] cfk/flws ;d:ofx¿ kfOG5 / ck/fw /0fgLltn] k/Dk/fut k|ltlqmofzLn k|x/L lgoGq0fsf cfjZos sbdx¿ ;d]t rfNg kl/rfng k4lt -Reactive Policing_ sf ;fy} ;lsG5 . ;fd'bflos k|x/L ;]jf, ;"rgfd'vL k|x/L ;]jf s_ tfTsflns ;d:ofx¿ -Immediate / Hot Spot Policing h:tf cjwf/0ffx¿nfO{ Problems_M s'g} :yfgdf ePsf] ;fdfGo jf ;Fu;Fu} ckgfpg' kg]{df hf]8 lbG5 . uDeL/ cfk/flws 36gf h'g lgtfGt¿kdf
68 CID MAGAZINE 2074 cGo ck/fwx¿;Fu hf]l8Psf x'Fb}gg\, To:tf o:tf ;d:ofsf] sf/stTj / ;dfwfgsf] 36gfnfO{ tTsflns ;d:ofsf ¿kdf lng pkfo kQf nufO{ 7f]; sbd sfof{Gjogdf ;lsG5 . tfTsflns ;d:ofnfO{ ;fdfGo NofO;s]kZrft ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;xof]u k|s[ltsf 36gf / uDeL/ k|s[ltsf 36gf u/L k'Ub5 . b'O{ efudf juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fdfGo To;}u/L ck/fw tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ k|s[ltsf 36gfnfO{ k|x/L u:tL jf j8f, b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L ck/fwdf cfk/flws Onfsf, lhNnf txdf vl6Psf cg';Gwfg sfo{ljlw -Modus Operandi_, kLl8t, 6f]nLn] ;dfwfg jf cg';Gwfg ug{ ;kmn kL8s, :yfgnufotdf Ps} vfnsf k|s[lt x'G5g\ . h:t}M ;8s b'3{6gf, em}–emu8f cflb jf ljz]iftfx¿ b]lvG5 eg] of] Pp6} ck/fw 36gf:yndf vl6Psf] k|x/Ln] k|fo tTsfn k|j[lQ -Crime Pattern_ ePsf] ck/fw xf] ;f]xL l;ˆ6df g} ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb5g\ . / o:tf ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg;d]t Ps} o:t} uDeL/ k|s[ltsf] 36gf ;dfwfg ug{ tl/sfaf6 ug{ ;lsG5 . o;df kLl8t yk p2f/ 6f]nL, ;xof]uL 6f]nL / cg';Gwfg / kL8s kl/lrt jf ckl/lrt b'j} x'g 6f]nLsf] cfjZostf kg{ ;Sb5 . h:t}M xTof, ;Sb5g\ . ha/h:tL s/0fL, uDeL/ Iflt ePsf ;jf/L o;/L nuftf/ ¿kdf x'g] b'3{6gf, 8fFsf rf]/L, ckx/0fh:tf 36gfx¿ Repeat Incidents h:tf cfk/flws ;d:ofn] 36gf:yndf vl6Psf] k|x/Ln] Ps} l;ˆ6df / Crime Pattern cfd gful/sdf qf;sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ;dfwfg ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . o:tf 36gfsf] ub{5 . o;nfO{ ;dodf g} lg/fs/0f ug{ ;lsPg nflu s]xL xKtf, dlxgf jf jif{;d]t nfUg eg] bL3{sflng ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t x'g] ;Sb5 . ;Defjgf x'G5 . v_ cNksfnLg ;d:ofx¿ (Short-term u_ bL3{sflng ;d:ofx¿ (Long-term Problems): cNksfnLg ;d:ofsf] Problems): Ps} lsl;dsf ck/fw jf 36gfx¿ ¿kdf d'Vo u/L p:t} 36gf dlxgf, jif{;Dd nuftf/¿kdf eO/xg' bf]xf]l/g' - _ / Ps} lsl;dsf Repeat Incidents bL3{sflng ;d:of x'g\ . o:tf ;d:ofx¿ cfk/flws k|j[tL - _ b]lvg'nfO{ Crime Pattern ;dfwfg ug{sf] nflu ck/fwsf] k|s[lt tyf lnOG5 . k|j[lQ - _ kQf nufO{ s'g} :yfgdf Ps} k|s[ltsf ck/fw jf 36gf Nature and Trend lg/fs/0fsf] pkfo cjnDag ug{ h¿/L s]xL 306f, lbg jf xKtfdf k6s k6s x'G5 . ck/fw tYofÍnfO{ ck/fw lqsf]0f 36\g'nfO{ 36gf bf]xf]l/g' -Repeat Incidents_ :yfg, kLl8t / kL8s_ ;Fu sf] ¿kdf kl/eflift ul/G5 . h;df kLl8t (Crime Triangle) / kL8s Ps csf{;Fu kl/lrt x'G5g\ . hf]8]/ ljZn]if0f u/]kZrft ;d:ofsf] sf/0f kQf nfUb5 . ck/fw tYofÍ ljZn]if0fn] h:t}: 3/]n' lx+;f, :yfgLox¿nfO{ /fqLsflng Joj;foaf6 x'g] ;d:of, Wjlg k|b"if0fh:tf bL3{sflng ;d:of;+u hf]l8Psf lgDg kIfx¿ 36gfx¿ x'g ;Sb5g\ . ck/fw ljZn]if0faf6 klxrfg ug{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb5:
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 69 ;d:ofu|:t :yfg n'6kf6, u|fdL0f e]uaf6 cfPsf lbbL alxgLx¿nfO{ (Problem Location or Risky Place): ;'gh:t} kx]+nf] kbfy{ b]vfO{ 7uL ug]{ h:tf s'g} Ps} :yfgdf k6s–k6s 36gf 36\b5 36gf k6s–k6s bf]xf]l/g] ck/fwx¿ x'g\ . o:tf t/ kLl8t / kL8s km/s–km/s x'G5g\ eg] lsl;dsf ;d:ofsf] bL3{sflng ;dfwfg ug{ Problem Victim x¿df ;r]tgf km}nfpg h¿/L To:tf :yfgnfO{ ;d:ofu|:t :yfg -Problem x'G5 . Location/Risky Place_ sf] ¿kdf a'lemG5 . pbfx/0fsf] ¿kdf cFWof/f] uNnLdf rf]/L x'g', ;+j]bgzLn ;DklQ (Vulnerable Property): ;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;jf/L ;fwgdf kfs]6df/L x'g', lrKnf] / ;fF3'/f] ;8sdf ;jf/L b'3{6gf x'g' ;+j]bgzLn ;DklQ eGgfn] s'g} j:t'sf s]xL vf; cflbnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . o;/L ;d:ofsf] sf/0f u'0fx¿sf sf/0f ck/fwLnfO{ cfslif{t u/L cfkm}+df :yfg xf] eGg] kQf nfu]kl5 bL3{sflng ;dfwfgsf ;+j]bgzLn /x]sf] a'lemG5 . o:tf 36gfdf kLl8t, nflu ;'/IffTds pkfox¿ cjnDag u/L ;'/Iff kL8s / :yfg eg] km/s–km/s x'g ;Sb5g\ . Joj:yf ;'b[9 agfpg ;lsG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df kfgL tfGg] kDk, lgdf{0ffwLg 3/sf wf/fsf ;fdfu|L, tfdfsf tf/ / ef8f, ;d:ofu|:t ck/fwL -Problem Offender_: cflbnfO{ ;+j]bgzLn ;fdu|Lsf] ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 s'g} vf; JolQm jf ;d"xn] nuftf/ nfdf] . ;DalGwt wgLn] To:tf ;fdu|Lsf] ;'/Iffdf vf; ;do;Dd 36gf 36fpFb5, t/ kLl8t / :yfg Wofg glbg] / rf]/L u/]sf] ;fdfu|L ;lhn} vl/b eg] km/s–km/s x'G5g\ eg] To;nfO{ ;d:ofu|:t laqmL x'g] ePsf]n] o:tf ;fdu|Lx¿ k6s-k6s rf]/L x'g] u/]sf] kfO5 . o:tf ;fdu|Lx¿ laqmL ck/fwL -Problem Offender_ eg]/ juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df dfgj a]rlavg, ljt/0f ug{ Nofpg] JolQmsf] JolQmut ljj/0f /fVg] xf] eg] ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ;xh x'g] Extortion, 7uL, 8fFsf rf]/L, nfu"cf}ifwsf] sf/f]af/ h:tf ck/fwdf s]xL ;+ul7t cfk/flws ;d"x b]lvG5 . dfq ;lqmo ¿kdf nfu]sf 5g\ . ck/fw tYofÍsf] %= lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjM ljZn]if0f kZrft b]lvPsf] vf; cfk/flws ;d"x ljBdfg cj:yfdf g]kfn k|x/Lsf] kl/rfng jf JolQmnfO{ sfg'gL bfo/fdf Nofpgf;fy o; /0fgLlt s]xL xb;Dd Standard Model of ;d:ofsf] bL3{sfnLg ;dfwfg x'G5 . Policing lsl;dsf] /x]sf] 5 . df}h'bf sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] lglZrt 9fFrfadf]lhdsf] clen]vsf ;d:ofu|:t kLl8t - _ Problem Victim : cltl/Qm Daily Incident Reporting System s'g} JolQm jf ;d"xx¿ c;fdfGo ¿kdf -DIRS, Crime and Criminal Information k6s–k6s kLl8t x'G5g\ eg] To:tf JolQm jf System -CCIS h:tf ck/fw tYofÍ;Fu ;d"xnfO{ ;d:ofu|:t kLl8tsf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . ;DalGwt ;ˆ6j]o/ lgdf{0f eO{ sfof{Gjogdf o:tf 36gfdf kLl8t / :yfg eg] km/s–km/s NofPsf] ePtf klg o:tf tYofÍsf] k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ef/taf6 bz}+sf] ljZn]if0f u/L ck/fw, /f]syfdsf] k|of]hgsf] a]nfdf 3/df cfpg] bfh'efOx¿nfO{ ljiffn' nflu k|of]u ePsf] kfOb}g . xfn g]kfn k|x/L, vfg]s'/f v'jfO{ ;LdfjtL{ If]qdf ul/g] rf]/L tyf ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefucGt/ut Data
70 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Center ;d]t lgdf{0f eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;Gbe{ ;fdu|LM k|x/Ln] d'2f rnfPsf afx]ssf cGo kmf}hbf/L s d'2fx¿sf] clen]v tyf tYofÍnfO{ ;d]t Baum, K. (2007). National crime victimization surve. (November 2007) PsLs[t ug{;s] ck/fwsf] jf:tljs cj:yf Washington DC: Department of Justice, kQf nufpg ;Sg] b]lvG5 eg] b]zsf] sfg'g Bureau of Justice Statistics. sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|fylds lgsfosf] ¿kdf s Biderman, A.D. and /x]sf] g]kfn k|x/Ln] d'VotM lgDg k|of]hgsf] A.J. Reiss (1967). On exploring the dark nflu ck/fw tYofÍnfO{ pkof]u ug{;Sg] figure of crime. (November 1967): American b]lvG5M Academy of Political and Social Science. s_ ck/fw a9L x'g] :yfg / ;do kQf nufO{ s Maltz, M.D. (1977). Crime statistics: A historical perspective. Crime and To:tf :yfg / ;dodf ;'/Iff pks/0f / Delinquency k|x/L kl/rfng a9fO{ ck/fw /f]syfd ug{, s The National Academies of Sciences, v_ cfk/flws ultljlwsf] af/]df cfd gful/snfO{ Modernizing Crime Statistics: Defining ;r]t u/fO{ ck/fw /f]syfd ug{, and Classifying Crime, The National u_ ck/fw jf 36gfsf] sf/stTj kQf nufO{ Academies Press, Washington, DC bL3{sflng ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{sf] nflu s United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime k"jf{wf/ tof/ ug{ tyf cfjZos sfg'g / (2014, June). International Classification of Crimes for Statistical Purposes (ICCS), gLlt lgdf{0fsf nflu kxn ug{, Report of the Final Expert Group Meeting 3_ cfk/flws sfo{ljlw / cleo'Qmsf] clen]v on the development of ICCS. Vienna, ljZn]if0f u/L ck/fw cg';GwfgnfO{ ;kmn 28-30 May 2014. Vienna: UNODC agfpg, s Weisburd & Eck (2004), Effectiveness of ª_ s]G›Lo, ;+3Lo / :yfgLo ;+/rgf cg';f/ Police in Reducing Crime and the Role of ck/fw ljZn]if0f ug{, Crime Analysis s u[x dGqfno -@)@@_, k'ln; Joj:yf, >L % r_ Standard Model of Policing af6 Hot Spots sf] ;/sf/sf] 5fkfvfgf sf7df8f}+, Policing, Problem Oriented Policing, g]kfn . Predictive Policing df ¿kfGt/0f ug{ .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 71 kmf}hbf/L ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f
!= ljifo k|j]z dfgjclwsf/ dfgj dfqn] pkef]u ug]{ o:tf] g}lts / sfg'gL xs xf], hf] ;'Gb}df cfgGb cfpF5, ;xk|fWofks k|bLk kf7s sf7df8f}+ :s'n ckm n emg\ o;sf] k|ToIf pkef]u ug{ kfpFbf t ;fFRr} g} dfgj ePsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 . oL clwsf/x¿ dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq, -!($*_ df pNn]v ul/Psf] æ;a} dflg; hGdhft :jtGq / dof{bf Pjd\ clwsf/df ;dfg 5g\Æ eGg] kmf}hbf/L ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfg ljrf/df cfwfl/t 5g\ . …e]befjaf6 :jtGqtfÚ gjLgtd 1fg / k|ljlwsf] k|of]u dfgjclwsf/sf] Ps cfwf/e"t l;4fGt xf], h'g dfkm{t dfgjclwsf/d}qL Jojxf/ 3f]if0ffkqsf] wf/f @ df lgDgfg';f/ pNn]lvt 5M / sfo{z}nLn] cf]tk|f]t k|lzlIft hflt, j0f{, lnª\u, efiff, wd{, /fhg}lts jf c¿ cg';Gwfgstf{af6 j}1flgs k|df0fdf ljrf/, /fli6«o jf ;fdflhs pTklQ jf c¿ cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 . s'g} x}l;otsf] e]befj g/fvL k|To]s JolQm o; 3f]if0ffdf plNnlvt clwsf/ / :jtGqtfsf xsbf/ 5g\ . g]kfnn] cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ ;lGwsf] kIf /fi6« eP/ cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/ sfg'gsf] kl/kfngf ug{ ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;lGwx¿ o;sf kIf/fi6«x¿sf nflu sfg'gL tj/df aGwgsf/L x'g] ePsf]n] kmf}hbf/L Gofok|0ffnLdf ;+nUg sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug]{ clwsf/Ln] ;a} ;dodf k];fnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ pQ/bfloTjnfO{ Vofn /fvL sfg'gn] ;'Dk]sf] st{Jokfngfdf dfgj dof{bfsf] cfb/ / arfp ug{'sf ;fy} ;a} JolQmsf] dfgjclwsf/ sfod
72 CID MAGAZINE 2074 /fVg] / kfngf ug]{ ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5 .1 ck/fw cg';Gwfg ug]{, ;fj{hlgs ;'Joj:yf To:t} aGbLk|lt ug'{kg]{ Jojxf/sf cfwf/e"t sfod ug]{ h:tf ljleGg cj:yfdf pgLx¿n] l;4fGtn] x/]s aGbLnfO{ pgLx¿df cGtlg{lxt k|of]u ug]{ clwsf/;Fu dfgjclwsf/sf dfgj d"No / dof{bfcg';f/ cfb/k"j{s ;jfnx¿ hf]l8P/ cfpFb5g\ . o; n]vdf Jojxf/ ug'{kg]{ pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .2 eg] kmf}hbf/L ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf qmddf Vofn ug'{kg]{ dfgjclwsf/sf cfwf/e"t nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yfdf dfgjclwsf/ kIfx¿nfO{ phfu/ ug]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . ;'lglZrt ug]{, ;+/If0f ug]{ / axfn ug]{ bfloTj axg ug'{ /fHosf] ;|f]t / sfg'gåf/f @= k|d'v cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/x¿ lg;[t clwsf/af6 ;~rflnt k|x/Lsf] d"n g]kfnsf nflu ;g\ !((! b]lv aGwgsf/L 3 st{Jo xf] . ctM cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g, g]kfnsf] /lxcfPsf b'O{ k|d'v cGt/f{li6«o ;lGwx¿Ù ;+ljwfg, P]g, lgod / cbfntL sfo{ljlwsf] gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL /f]xdf /x]/ ljlwsf] zf;g sfod ug'{ / cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGw -!(^^_ / cfly{s, dfgjclwsf/sf] cfb/ / ;Ddfg ug'{ k|x/Lsf] ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/;DaGwL sfg'gL / g}lts bfloTj xf] . cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGw -!(^^_ n] ;dfgtfsf] k|x/Lsf] sfddf x'g] ljljwtfsf sf/0f clwsf/ / e]befjaf6 :jtGqtfsf] xsÙ pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] sfo{sfndf w]/} lsl;dsf kl/jf/ / ;Gtfgx¿sf] ;'/IffÙ cfˆgf] dfgjclwsf/;DaGwL d'2fx¿sf] ;fdgf /fhg}lts x}l;ot lgwf{/0f ug]{ / cfly{s, ug'{kg]{ x'g;S5 . vf;u/L, kmf}hbf/L Gofo ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts ljsf; :jtGq k|0ffnLdf k|x/L;Fu ;DalGwt eP/ cfpg] 9ª\un] ug{ ;Sg] nufotsf] hgtfsf] ljifox¿ h:t} kqmfp ug]{, y'gfdf /fVg], cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f u/]sf 5g\ . oL b'O{ ;lGwx¿n] c¿ clwsf/x¿ cnucnu ¿kdf lgDgfg';f/ ;'/lIft u/]sf 5g\M gful/s / /fhgLlts clwsf/x¿ cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;F“:s[lts clwsf/x¿ • afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ -wf/f ^_ • /f]huf/Lsf] nflu plrt tyf Gofok"0f{ Joj:yf • oftgf jf qm"/, cdfgjLo jf ug]{, ha/h:tL sfddf nufpg gkfOg], 6]«8 ckdfghgs Jojxf/ jf ;hfoaf6 o'lgog vf]Ng / To;df ;+nUg x'g kfpg] / :jtGqtf -wf/f &_ a]/f]huf/sf nflu ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs . • bf;tf / bf;Tjj[lQaf6 :jtGqtf -wf/f -wf/f ^–(_ *_
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ANNUAL PUBLICATION 73 • JolQmsf] :jtGqtf / JolQmut hLjgsf] ;'/Iff tyf • kof{Kt vfgf, n'ufkmf6f, :jR5 u}/sfg'gL y'gf, hyfefjL y'g5]slj?4sf] :jtGqtf lkpg] kfgL / ;'/lIft clg -wf/f (_ / y'g'jfsf] dfgjf]lrt cj:yfsf] k|Tofe"lt wfGg ;Sg] a;f]af;sf] Joj:yf -wf/f !)_ nufotsf kof{Kt hLjgofkgsf] • cfjthfjt ug]{, s'g} b]z 5f]8\g] :jtGqtf clwsf/ . -wf/f !!_ -wf/f !@_ • kx'Frof]Uo / wfGg ;Sg] :j:Yo • ;dfgtfsf] xs / sfg'g;dIf JolQmsf ¿kdf dfGotf ;]jfåf/f pRrtd dfkb08sf] kfpg] clwsf/ -wf/f !$ / !^_ zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s • cbfntdf :jR5 ;'gjfOsf] xs, bf]ifL k|dfl0ft :jf:Yo pkef]u ug]{ clwsf/ . geP;Dd lgbf]{liftfsf] clwsf/ / d'NtjL ;hfo -wf/f !@_ lj?4sf] xs -wf/f !$–!%_ • clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns k|fylds lzIff • uf]kgLotfsf] clwsf/ -wf/f !&_ / kx'Frof]Uo wfGg ;lsg] pRr • ljrf/, cj:yf tyf wd{sf] :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/ lzIffsf] pknAwtf ;'lglZrt -wf/f !*_ ug]{ lzIff;DaGwL clwsf/ . • jfs\ tyf cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf -wf/f !(_ -wf/f !#_ • zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g] clwsf/ -wf/f @!_ • ;fF:s[lts hLjgdf efu lng • ;+ul7t x'g kfpg] :jtGqtf -wf/f @@_ kfpg] clwsf/ -wf/f !%_ • ;fj{hlgs sfo{x¿df ;+nUg x'g] clwsf/, dtbfg ug]{ / ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf kx'Fr /fVg] clwsf/ -wf/f @%_ • hftLo, wfld{s jf eflifs cNk;ª\Vosx¿sf] ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ -wf/f @&_
logsf cnfjf g]kfnn] cGo lgDg • aflnaflnsfsf] clwsf/;DaGwL pNn]lvt ;lGwx¿k|lt klg k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/] cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw -!(*(_ -g]kfnnfO{ sf] 5 . ;g\ !(() b]lv aGwgsf/L /x]sf]_ . o; • oftgflj?4sf] dxf;lGw -!(*$_ cltl/Qm afnaflnsf laqmLlj?4sf] -g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ !((! b]lv aGwgsf/L OR5flwg cfn]v -@)))_ -g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ /x]sf]_ . !(&( b]lv aGwgsf/L /x]sf]_ / afn ;}Go • /+ue]blj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw -!(^%_ k|of]u lj?4sf] OR5flwg cfn]v -@)))_ -g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ !(&! b]lv aGwgsf/L -g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ @))& b]lv aGwgsf/L /x]sf]_ . /x]sf]_ .
74 CID MAGAZINE 2074 • dlxnflj?4 x'g] ;a} vfnsf e]befjlj?4sf] • 5'jf5't tyf e]befjlj?4sf] xs -wf/f dxf;lGw -!(&(_ -g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ !((! b]lv @$_ aGwgsf/L /x]sf]_ . • ;DklQsf] xs -wf/f @%_ • d[To'b08sf] pGd"ngdf nlIft gful/s tyf • wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xs -wf/f @^_ /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o • ;"rgfsf] xs -wf/f @&_ cg'aGwsf] bf];|]f OR5flwg cfn]v -!((!_ • uf]kgLotfsf] xs -wf/f @*_ -g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ !((* b]lv aGwgsf/L • dlxnfsf] xs -wf/f #*_ /x]sf]_ . • afnaflnsfsf] xs -wf/f #(_ • cflbjf;L tyf hghfltsf] clwsf/;DaGwL • blntsf] xs -wf/f $)_ cGt/f{li6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;lGw -!(^(_ • Ho]i7 gful/ssf] xs -wf/f $!_ -g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ @))& b]lv aGwgsf/L • ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs -wf/f $@_ /x]sf]_ . ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $^ / wf/f !## jf !$$ df • ;z:q åGå;Fu ;DalGwt rf/j6f h]g]ef ;+j}wflgs xssf] xgg\ lj?4sf] ;+j}wflgs dxf;lGw -!($(_ g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ !(^$ pkrf/sf] xs;DaGwL dxŒjk"0f{ Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] oL b]lv aGwgsf/L /x]sf] . clwsf/ nfu" u/fpg cfb]z hf/L ug{ • g/;+xf/–ck/fwlj?4sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;S5 / sfg'g sfof{Gjog clwsf/Lx¿n] dxf;lGw -!($*_ g]kfnnfO{ ;g\ !(^( b]lv tL cfb]zsf] k"0f{ kfngf ug'{kb{5 . To;}u/L aGwgsf/L /x]sf] . cbfntn] clwsf/sf] xgg\ ePsf] cj:yfdf #= ;+j}wflgs Pjd\ sfg'gL Joj:yf Ifltk"lt{ lbnfpg] cfb]z klg hf/L ug{ ;Sb5 . o;k|sf/ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] y'k|} g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] k|:tfjgfn] g} dfgj cfwf/e"t dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f u/]sf] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] k|Tofe"t ug'{sf ;fy} 5 . To;}u/L ;+;båf/f kfl/t sfg'gx¿n] sltko dfgjclwsf/sf] ljifonfO{ gful/ssf] y'k|} dfgjclwsf/sf] xs ;'/lIft u/]sf 5g\ cx/0fLo df}lns xssf] ¿kdf ;+/If0f u/]sf] eg] g]kfnsf cbfntx¿n] dfgjclwsf/sf] kfOG5 . ;+ljwfgn] df}lns xssf ¿kdf ;+/If0fdf dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿ ;d]t u/]sf] lgDg clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . kfOG5 . o;k|sf/ g]kfnsf] sfg'gL k|0ffnLn] • ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs -wf/ !^_ cf}krfl/s¿kd} dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f • :jtGqtfsf] xs -wf/f !&_ u/]sf] 5 . • ;dfgtfsf] xs -wf/f !*_ $= k|x/Lsf] ck/fw cg';Gwfg • Gofo;DaGwL xs -wf/f @)_ ug]{ clwsf/ • ck/fw kLl8tsf] xs -wf/f @!_ • oftgflj?4sf] xs -wf/f @@_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg / P]g sfg'gsf] kl/lwleq • lgjf/s gh/aGblj?4sf] xs -wf/f @#_ /x]/ g]kfn k|x/Ln] ck/fw cg';Gwfg ug]{
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 75 l;nl;nfdf w]/} k|sf/sf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ %= cg';Gwfgn] k|efljt ug{;Sg] ;S5g\ . oL clwsf/x¿ k|d'v ¿kdf ;/sf/L dfgjclwsf/x¿ d'2f ;DaGwL P]g @)$(, k|x/L P]g @)!@, d'n'sL P]g @)@), s]xL ;fj{hlgs ck/fw k|x/Lsf] cg';Gwfgn] y'k|} k|d'v dfgj / ;hfo P]g @)@&, xftxltof/ v/vhfgf clwsf/x¿nfO{ g/fd|f];Fu k|efljt ug{ P]g @)!(, ljikmf]6s kbfy{ P]g @)!*, ;S5g\M hf;';L P]g @)!*, nfu"cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g != u}/sfg'gL / hyfefjL y'g5]slj?4sf] @)## dfkm{t g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ k|fKt 5g\ . oL :jtGqtf P]gcGtu{t cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf ;fIfLx¿ / sfg'gadf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmsf] cf/f]lktx¿;Fu k|Zg ;f]Wg]b]lv lnP/ JolQm, j}olQms :jtGqtf ckx/0f x'g'x'Fb}g .4 ;jf/L, cfjf; tyf sfof{nosf] vfgtnf;L ug'{ / 36gf:ynsf] d'r'Nsf p7fpg'sf x/]s JolQmnfO{ :jtGqtf / JolQmut ;fy} ;DklQ /f]Ssf ug]{ / d]n, kmf]g cflb hLjgsf] ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/ 5 . aLrd} /f]Sg] cflb ;d]t kb{5g\ . oL ;a} s;}nfO{ klg hyfefjL lu/ˆtf/L / cg';Gwfgkl5sf d"ne"t p2]Zo kLl8tx¿sf] y'g5]ssf] efuLbf/ agfpg' x'Fb}g . sfg'gn] klxrfg ug'{Ù ;fIfL / k|df0f Ps7\7f ug'{Ù :yfkgf u/]sf cfwf/ tyf sfo{ljlwadf]lhd ck/fwsf] tl/sf, :yfg, ;do / sf/0f kQf afx]s s;}nfO{ klg lghsf :jtGqtfaf6 nufpg'Ù cleo'Qmsf] klxrfg ug'{ / kqmfp jl~rt ug{'xF'b}g .5 k|x/Ln] kLl8t, ;fIfL ug'{ xf] . tyf cf/f]lktnufot cg';Gwfgn] k|efljt k|x/Lx¿sf] clwsf/ Psbd} x:tIf]kd"ns u/]sf JolQmsf] ef}lts ;'/Iff ;'lglZrt x'g;Sg] / o;af6 JolQmsf] uf]kgLotf ug'{k5{ . pgLx¿nfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf] / c¿ dfgjclwsf/df ;d]t c;/ kg{ zf/Ll/s xfgL tyf dfgl;s bafaaf6 ;Sg] ePsfn] o:tf clwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ arfpg'k5{ . k|x/Lx¿n] Psbd} ;fjwfgL ckgfpg'k5{ . @= bf]if k|dfl0ft geP;Dd lgbf]{liftfsf] o:tf clwsf/x¿ hyfefjL jf ablgotk"j{s k"jf{g'dfg geO{ ;fjwfgLk""j{s sfg'g;Ddt 9ª\un] k|x/Lsf] sfo{ cg';Gwfgaf6 tYo kQf k|of]u ug'{k5{ / oL clwsf/x¿ Goflos¿kdf nufpg' xf], ck/fw l;4 ug'{ xf]Og . Psbd} h?/L ePdf / dfgjclwsf/dfly :jtGq Gofofnon] dfq s'g} klg JolQm x:tIf]k ug{ cTofjZos ePdf dfq k|of]u lgbf]{if jf ck/fwL ePsf] s'/f k|dfl0ft ug'{k5{ .
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76 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ug{;S5 . t;y{ k|x/Ln] Gofofnon] s;"/ h:tf cfwf/ / sf/0f ljBdfg x'g'k5{ . k|dfl0ft gu/];Dd s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ o;sf] dtna cg';Gwfg ck/fw lg¿k0f lgbf]{ifsf] ¿kdf Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ .6 ug]{ xb;Dd dfq uf]kgLotf cltqmdLt #= uf]kgLotf tyf cx:tIf]ksf] clwsf/ ug{ ;lsG5 t/ rflxg]eGbf a9L x:tIf]k gful/s tyf /fhg}lts clwsf/ ug]{ sfo{ :jLsfo{ x'Fb}g . ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cg''aGwn] $= sfg'gL k|lqmofsf] qmddf cf/f]lkt / s;}sf] klg lghL uf]kgLotf, kl/jf/, 3/ y'g'jfsf] clwsf/M jf kqfrf/pk/ hyfefjL jf u}/sfg'gL k|x/Ln] u}/sfg'gL cg';Gwfg x:tIf]k gul/g] ;fy} k|lti7f / Vofltdf k|lqmof cjnDag u¥of] eg] sfg'gL u}/sfg'gL cf3ft gk'¥ofOg] k|lqmofdf cleo'Qm tyf y'g'jfx¿n] k|fKt ;'lglZrttf u/]sf] 5 .7 To;}u/L g]kfnsf] ug]{ clwsf/, ljz]if u/L :jR5 k"k{Ifsf] ;+ljwfgn] s'g} klg JolQmsf] lhp, cfjf;, clwsf/, uDeL/ vt/fdf kg{;S5 . o;/L ;DklQ, lnvt, tYofª\s, kqfrf/ / lnOPsf] k|df0fnfO{ cbfntn] ljZj;gLo rl/q;DaGwL ljifosf] uf]kgLotf sfg'g gdfgL cf/f]lktsf] kIfdf d'2f vf/]h ug{ adf]lhd afx]s cgltqmDo x'g] xs k|bfg klg ;S5 . ctM sfg'gL k|lqmofsf] qmddf u/]sf] 5 .8 o;n] lr7\7L, sfuhft, kmf]g, lgDg s'/fx¿ ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{ M Od]n / OG6/g]6 ;Dks{ h:tf cfw'lgs • dfgjf]lrt, cfb/k"j{s / e]befj/lxt ;"rgfsf] ;'/IffnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\5 . 9ª\un] Jojxf/ ug'{k5{9Ù ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] clwsf/af6 w]/} • kqmg'sf] sf/0f v'nfO{ pgLx¿sf] cjf:yfdf s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf JolQmsf clwsf/af/] ;';"lrt u/fpg' k5{10Ù oL uf]kgLotfdf x:tIf]k x'ghfG5 . • @$ 306fleq GofofwLz;dIf pkl:yt To;}n] k|x/L;Fu JolQmut uf]kgLotfdfly u/fpg' k5{ / cfkm""nfO{ y'gfdf /flvPsf] x:tIf]k u/L txlssft ug{ sfg'gåf/f s'/fsf] j}wflgstfdfly r'gf}lt lbg] cflwsfl/stf lbOPsf]Ù sfg'g;Ddt nIo cj;/ k|bfg ug'{k5{11Ù / p2]Zodf k'Ug -h:t}Ù ck/fw lg¿k0f • cfjlws¿kdf pgLx¿sf] y'gfsf] ug{_ cfjZos ePsf]Ù ;dfg'kflts /x]sf] sf/0fsf] k'g/fjnf]sg u/fpg'k5{Ù
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ANNUAL PUBLICATION 77 • sfg'g Joj;foL 5fGg] / olb sfg'g -s_ cleo'Qmsf] kqmfp Joj;foL /fVg c;Ifd ePdf ;f] lgo'Qm • cg';Gwfg clwsf/Ln] ck/fwdf ul/lbg''k5{ / jlsn;Fu uf]Ko ¿kdf ;+nUg /x]sf] dgfl;j sf/0f ePsf 12 s'/fsfgL ug]{ jftfj/0f agfOlbg' k5{ Ù kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp • oftgf tyf qm"/, cdfgjLo jf ug'{kg]{ sf/0f;lxtsf] ;"rgf÷k"hL{ ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ug{' x'Fb}g13Ù lbg] . • pgLx¿ df}g a:g kfpF5g\ / s'g} k|Zgsf] • kqmfp k/]sf] JolQmsf] kl/jf/ / cGo pQ/ glbg kfpF5g\14Ù cfkmGtnfO{ ;"lrt ug]{ . • :jR5 k'k{Ifsf] clwsf/ / k'k{Ifsf] nflu • kqmfp ePdf JolQmsf] cj:yfg';f/ pko'Qm / cfjZos ;do / ;fdu|L k|bfg zf/Ll/s hfFr u/fpg] . ug'{k5{ . • kqmfp ePsf JolQmnfO{ cg';Gwfgsf %= sfg'gL k|lqmofsf] qmddf kLl8tsf] clwsf/M l;nl;nfdf @$ 306f eGbf a9L y'gfdf g/fVg] . @$ 306feGbf a9L g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg'kg]{ eP d'2f cfkm" kLl8t ePsf] d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg tyf x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf lx/f;tdf /fVg sf/jfxL;DaGwL hfgsf/L kfpg] / sfg'g cg'dlt lng] . adf]lhd ;fdflhs k'gM:yfkgf / Ifltk"lt{ • y'Gbf sfg'gn] tf]s]sf] 7fpFdf dfq ;lxtsf] Gofo kfpg] xs /x]sf] 5 .15 o; qmddf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3åf/f hf/L ck/fw y'Gg] . / clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u kLl8tsf nflu • y'gfdf /xFbf pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] Gofo;DaGwL cfwf/e"t l;4fGtsf] dfgj dof{bf sfod /fVg ;Sg] u/L 3f]if0ffkq adf]lhd kLl8tsf] Gofodf kx'Fr pgLx¿sf] Go"gtd\ cfjZostfx¿ / :jR5 Jojxf/;DaGwL l;4fGtx¿ 16 k"lt{ ul/lbg] . cjnDag ug'{ jf~5gLo x'G5 . • y'gf jf lx/f;tdf /fVbf dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ ug]{ . ^= cg';Gwfgsf qmddf k|Tofe"t ug'{kg]{ dfgjclwsf/ • kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ sfg'g
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78 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx Pj+ k/fdz{ lng] cleo'Qmn] s'g} klg ;'ljwf k|bfg ug]{ . a]nf cfˆgf] egfOdf kl/jt{g • kqmfpsf] a[xt clen]v /fVg] . Nofpg jf lkmtf{ lng ;S5 eGg] s'/fdf o;leq kqmfpsf] sf/0fÙ kqmfp ;r]t /xg'kg]{ . ul/Psf] ;do / :yfgÙ y'Gg nluPsf] • cGt{jftf{sf] ;do, :yfg, :yfgÙ kqmfpdf ;+nUg k|x/Lsf] cGtjf{tf lnOPsf] cjlw, kl/roÙ s'g} k|Zg jf ;f]wk'5sf] cGtjf{tf{sf] ;dodf pkl:yt ePsf l6Kk0fLÙ GofofwLzsf]df nluPsf] ;doÙ JolQm, Pp6f cGtjf{tf{ / csf]{ k|x/Låf/f kqmfp u/]sf] pQm JolQmsf] cGtjf{tf{aLrsf] ;dofjlwsf] k"0f{ ;/;fdfg -;DklQ_sf] j0f{gÙ clen]v /fVg'kg]{ . JolQmsf] ;flatL cf/f]lktsf] :jf:Yo cj:yfÙ jlsn, p;s} zAbdf clen]vg u/L p;sf] cfkmGt, kl/jf/hg jf ;fyLefOn] x:tfIf/ u/fpg'kg]{ . olb pQm JolQm e]6\g cfPsf] ljj/0fÙ pQm JolQmsf] ;fIf/ 5}g eg] p;n] eg]adf]lhd /dfgf jf 5f8]sf] ;do / ldlt h:tf n]Vg'kg]{ . s'/fx¿ kb{5g\ . • ;+j]bgzLn ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L lnFbf -v_ cGtjf{tf{÷;f]wk'5 M uf]kgLotf / ;hutf ckgfpg'kg]{ . • kLl8t JolQm, ;fIfLx¿ / s'g} -u_ vfgtnf;L ÷ a/fdbLM ck/fwsf] ;DaGwdf zª\sf:kb dfgjclwsf/ sfg'gcGtu{t JolQm jf JolQmnfO{ cGtjf{tf{ lng'k"j{ ;DklQsf] vfgtnf;L ug{ sfg'g;Ddt pgLx¿sf] clwsf/af/] hfgsf/L lbg] . sf/0fx¿ x'g'kb{5 . o;sf nflu lgDg • s'g}klg JolQmnfO{ oftgf lbg] tyf dgfl;a cfwf/x¿ ljBdfg /x]sf] ljZjf; qm"/, cdfgjLo / ckdfghgs k|x/Ldf x'g'kb{5M Jojxf/ gug]{ . • s'g} klg JolQmn] ck/fw u/]sf] 5Ù • s;}nfO{ klg cfkm" jf cfkm"lj?4 • s'g} klg JolQmn] vt/gfs jf c¿ ;flatL ug{ jf ;fIfL x'g s/ u}/sfg'gL ;fdfg af]s]sf] 5, h;sf] gnufpg] . JolQmn] ljleGg hl6n k|of]uaf6 p;n] ck/fw ug]{ ;Defjgf 5Ù dgf]j}1flgs sf/0fn] ;d]t ck/fw :jLsf5{ eGg] s'/fdf ;ts{ /xg] . • s'g} lglZrt ;fdu|L, ;fwg jf ;DklQnfO{ ck/fw ug{ k|of]u ul/Psf] • slxNo}klg ;flatLnfO{ dfq lyof]Ù JolQmlj?4 d'2fsf] d'Vo cfwf/ gdfGg] . cg';Gwfg pQm ;flatL;Fu • s'g} lglZrt ;fdu|L, ;fwg jf ;DklQ tfbfDotf /fVg] :jtGq k|df0f ck/fw ug{ k|of]u x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf ;ª\sng ug{ ;xfos x'g'kg]{ . clws 5 .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 79 zª\sfsf dgfl;a cfwf/x¿ eGgfn] Pp6f ;DklQsf] cToflws Iflt ug'{ x'Fb}g . k|x/L clws[tn] h'g ;RrfO / jf:tljstfsf • s'g} j:t' jf ;fdu|L h'g kl/;/af6 a/fdb cfwf/df s'g} ljifodf zª\sf u/]sf] 5, s'g} x'G5 Tof] k"hL{df pNn]v ug'{k5{ / dflns jf dgfl;a JolQmn] klg To; cj:yfdf To:t} zª\sf ef]ustf{sf] ;xL u/fpg'k5{ . jf ljZjf; ug{] ljBdfgtfnfO{ hgfpF5 . k"hL{lagfsf] vfgtnf;L M vfgtnf;L / hkmt ug]{ k|lqmofM k"hL{lagfsf] vfgtnf;L ckjfbfTds kl/l:yltdf ;Dej eP;Dd vfgtnf;Lk"j{ g} vfgtnf; k"hL{ plrt / dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf dfq ug'{kb{5 . jf cbfntsf] cfb]z k|fKt ug'{k5{ . pbfx/0fsf] nfluM k"hL{ sfof{Gjog ubf{M • olb sfg'gL lu/ˆtf/L cfsl:ds x'G5 • k"hL{sf] lglZrt bfo/f / ;t{x¿sf] cwLgdf eg] -pbfx/0fM Tof] JolQmn] xltof/ / /xg' kb{5 / k"hL{ jf cbfntsf] cfb]zåf/f vt/fk"0f{ j:t' af]s]sf] 5, 5}g eGg] kQf k|:6 tf]lsPsf] afx]ssf JolQm jf 7fpFsf] nufpg jf JolQmn] af]s]sf] ;DklQ btf{ vfgtnf;L ug'{ x'Fb}g . ug{ ._Ù • ;fdfGotof k"hL{sf] sfof{Gjog /ftdf geO{ • JolQm v'Nnf¿kn] -s'g} bafa jf anlagf_ lbgdf ug'{k5{, t/ /ftdf vfgtnf;L gu/L vfgtnf;Lsf nflu d~h'/ u5{ eg]Ù gx'g] plrt cfwf/x¿ 5g\ eg] To:tf] • To:tf] kl/l:ylt hxfF k"hL{sf] klxNo} k|flKt ;donfO{ k"hL{n] dfGotf lbG5 . c;Dej k|foM x'G5 . -h:t}Ù vfgtnf;Lsf] • k"hL{ sfof{Gjog gu¿Gh]n;Dd jf Tof] k"hL{ l9nfOn] ubf{ rflxg] k|df0f jf vt/gfs hf/L ug]{ clwsf/Ln] vf/]h gu/];Dd Tof] j:t'sf] :yfgfGt/0f jf gf; x'g ;Sg] kof{Kt j}wflgs x'G5 . ;Defjgf ePdf ._ • ;fdfGotof vfgtnf;L Tolta]nf ul/g'k5{, s'g} cfjf; tyf sfof{no kl/;/sf] vfgtnf;L h'ga]nf dflns jf d"nL Tof] kl/;/leq ubf{ lgDglnlvt l;4fGtx¿ Vofn ug'{k5{17M x'G5 . kl/;/leq l5g'{cl3 d k|x/L x'F egL != ;DklQdf cgfjZos Iflt k'¥ofpg' x'Fb}gÙ 3f]if0ff ug'{ / l5g{ cg'dlt dfUg'k5{ . ansf] k|of]u -h:t} 9f]sf kmf]8\g' jf ‰ofn km'6fpg'_ @= cfjZostf geP;Dd ansf] k|of]u ug'{ Tolta]nf dfq ul/G5, ha k|j]z ug{ x'Fb}g . olb k/]df cfjZos dfqfdf dfq lbOFb}g . plrt andfq k|of]u ug'{k5{, ansf] k|of]u ug'{k5{Ù
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80 CID MAGAZINE 2074 #= To:tf 7fpFx¿df dfq} vfgtnf;L ug'{k5{, ;ª\sng ug]{ ePsf]n] To:tf] k|ljlwsf] hxfF vf]lhPsf ;fdu|Lx¿ kfpg] a9L k|of]u sfg'g;Ddt ¿kdf s'g} JolQmn] ck/fw ;Defjgf /xG5Ù u/]sf] 5 eGg] zª\sf ePdf dfq ug'{kb{5 . $= ;DklQsf] xsbf/ jf dflnsnfO{ hyfefjL ¿kdf zª\sf gul/Psf JolQmx¿af6 vfgtnf;Lsf] cfzosf] ;"rgf jf hfgsf/L cfg'j+lzs pTklQ ck/fw ;'Nemfpg egL lbg'k5{Ù ;ª\sng ug'{ x'Fb}g . DNA k|ljlwsf] uf]kgLotfsf] s8f ;+/If0f x'g'kb{5 / olb %= ;fwf/0f kl/l:yltdf lbpF;f] dfq} vfgtnf;L zª\sf ul/Psf] JolQm lgbf]{if /x]df ;f] ug'{k5{Ù cfg'j+lzs pTklQsf] gfz ug'{kb{5 . ^= vfgtnf;L k"hL{sf] Ps k|lt d"nL jf • olb ;DklQ hkmt jf lkmtf{ ePdf To;sf] dflnsnfO{ lbg'k5{ . clen]vLs/0f / e08f/0f pko'Qm sfg'gL vfgtnf;L;“u ;DalGwt s]xL yk s'/fx¿M k|lqmofaf6 ul/Psf] x'g'k5{ / olb To;f] ubf{ • dlxnfsf] z/L/sf] vfgtnf;L dlxnf ;DklQdf xfgL gf]S;fgL ePdf jf u}/sfg'gL clwsf/Ln] g} / k'?ifsf] k'?ifn] g} ug'{kb{5 . tl/sfn] ;DklQ hkmt ul/Psf] eP To;sf] Ifltk"lt{ lbg'kb{5 . • cTofjZos ePdf dfq} z/L/sf] n'uf km'sfnL vfgtnf;L ug'{kb{5 / ;f] vfgtnf;L uf]Ko &= hf]lvdo'Qm ;d"xsf clwsf/ :yfgdf / JolQmsf] :jfledfgsf] ;Ddfg ub}{ kmf}hbf/L ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf qmddf ug'{k5{ . hf]lvdo'Qm ;d"xdf kg]{ afnaflnsf / • uf]Ko cª\ux¿sf] vfgtnf;L uf]Ko¿kdf dlxnfsf] ;+/If0fsf vflt/ cltl/Qm d]l8sn clws[tx¿åf/f u/fpg' kb{5 . o:tf] pkfox¿ cl3 ;fg'{k5{ . vfgtnf;L ug{ s'g} JolQmn] ck/fw ug{ -s_ afnaflnsfsf] xsclwsf/ / ck/fw k|of]u u/]sf] jf k|of]u ug{ nfu]sf] ;fdu|L cg';GwfgM n'sfP l5kfPsf] dgfl;a cfwf/x¿ ljBdfg g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #( n] k|To]s /xg'kb{5 . afnaflnsfnfO{ afn cg's"n Gofosf] xs k|bfg • pknAw eP;Dd z/L/sf] vfgtnf;L ubf{ u/]sf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf] ck/fw÷laHofOFdf cfw'lgs k|ljlw h:t} PS;–/] jf :Sofg/ ;+nUgtfsf] sf/0f jo:seGbf leGg x'G5 . k|of]u ug'{k5{ . o:tf ;fdu|Lx¿sf] To;}n] k|x/Ln] afnaflnsfsf] ;+nUgtfsf] k|of]usf] nflu klg dgfl;a sf/0fx¿ x'g'k5{ cfzª\sf ePsf] ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfg / dgfl;a sf/0flagf logsf] af/Daf/ ubf{ afnaflnsfsf] uf]kgLotfsf] ;Ddfg k|of]u ug'{x'Fb}g . ub}{ cg';Gwfgsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;Dk"0f{¿kdf ;'/lIft / uf]Ko /fVg'k5{ . ;Dej eP;Dd • DNA k|ljlwn] JolQmsf] cfg'j+lzs jo:s / afnaflnsfsf] cg';Gwfg pTklQaf/]sf] cToGt uf]Ko / k|lts"n ;"rgfsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ leGbfleGb} /fVg'kb{5 .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 81 afnaflnsfnfO{ pgLx¿dfly cg';Gwfg k|fyldstf lbP/ ;Ddfg ug'{kb{5 . vf;u/L lsg ul/Psf] xf] eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lbFbf ck/fwsf kLl8t dlxnfx¿;“u Jojxf/ ubf{ ljz]if Wofg lbg'k5{ . uDeL/ ck/fwdf ;+nUg k|x/Ln] lgDg s'/fx¿ Vofn ug'{k5{ M gePsf afnaflnsfnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ gu/L • kLl8t;Fu af]Nbf / ;Dks{ ubf{ lghsf] cleefjs jf ;dfh;]jLx¿nfO{ x:tfGt/0f :jfledfgsf] ;Ddfg ug'{kb{5 . ug'{k5{18 . cGo s'g} pkfo gePdf dfq afnaflnsfnfO{ y'gfdf /fVg' kb{5, h;nfO{ • 3/]n' tyf of}ghGo ck/fwdf lz3| clGtd pkfosf] ¿kdf lng' kb{5 / ;s];Dd sf/afxL ug'{ / kLl8tnfO{ cfjZos o:tf] y'gf sd ;dosf] nflu x'g'kb{5 / cf}ifwf]krf/ lbO{ kfos kg]{ ;'/lIft y'gfdf /fVbf jo:saf6 5'6\6} /fVg'kb{5 . :yfgdf nlu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' k5{ . -v_ dlxnfsf] xsclwsf/ / ck/fw cg';GwfgM • kLl8t dlxnfx¿sf] aofg lnFbf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] dlxnf ePs} sf/0f s'g} kLl8tk|lt tTsfn jf eljiodf cfqmd0f klg lsl;dsf] e]befj gul/g] xs k|Tofe"t x'g ;Sg] JolQmaf6 6f9f /fvL PsfGtdf u/]sf] 5 .19 t/ dlxnfx¿ 3/leq tyf lng' kb{5 . 3/aflx/ klg zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s / of}ghGo • aofg lng] qmddf s'g} dlxnf clwsf/L b'Jo{jxf/sf sf/0f hf]lvdo'Qm cj:yfdf jf cGo dlxnf pkl:yt ePsf] ;'lglZrt /xG5g\ . To;}n] k|x/L clwsf/Ln] o:tf u/]kZrft\ dfq dlxnf kLl8t;Fu ;Dks{ ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ tyf b'Jo{jxf/ ug'{k5{ . / e]befjaf6 dlxnfnfO{ ;+/If0f ug{ plrt sbd p7fpg'k5{ .20 • dlxnfn] a]OHhtL, c;'/lIft / qf;sf] cg'ej u/]sf] 5 5}g eGg] s'/fdf anfTsf/ / of}g b'Jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/ ePsf] xf]l;of/ /xg'k5{ lsgeg] o;n] pgsf] elgPsf dlxnfx¿;Fu ul/Psf] Ps ;j]{If0fdf aofgdf c;/ k'¥ofpg ;S5 . %$ k|ltzt dlxnfx¿n] k|x/Ln] ltgLx¿nfO{ cg';Gwfgsf qmddf dfgl;s¿kn] b'Jo{jxf/ ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf qmddf dlxnfx¿sf] u/sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .21 k|x/Ln] cfˆgf] st{Jo ljz]if cfjZostfx¿sf] ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ . k"/f gu/]sf sf/0f jf sfg'g sfof{Gjog k|x/Laf6 x'g] dlxnf y'g'jflj?4sf lx+;f, ug]{ qmddf n}ª\lus c;+j]bgzLntfsf hxfF zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s tyf n}lËs sf/0f o:tf dlxnfx¿ k'gkLl8t x'g] 5}gg\ b'Jo{jxf/ ;dfj]z x'G5, pgLx¿sf] st{Josf] eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf ug'{kb{5 . k|x/L pNnª\3g xf] / uDeL/ ck/fw xf] . ctM clws[tn] kLl8tsf] enfO{ / dof{bfnfO{ ;b}j hf]lvdo'Qm dlxnfnfO{ b'Jo{jxf/af6 arfpg
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82 CID MAGAZINE 2074 dlxnfnfO{ k'¿ifeGbf cnUu} lx/f;tdf c;dgtfnfO{ kmf}hbf/L Goflos sf/afxLdf /fVg'k5{Ù dlxnfnfO{ dlxnf clwsf/Ln] g} k|>o lbg ;lsFb}g . kmf}hbf/L Gofok|0ffnLsf] ;dfpg], ;f]wk'5 ug]{ / vfgtnf; lng] k|d'v nIo JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtfsf] ug'{k5{Ù ljz]iftM ue{jtL dlxnfnfO{ lzz' ;+/If0f ug{' xf] . o;sf/0f ljlwk"j{s sf/afxL hGdFbf jf hGd]kl5 plrt lrlsT;sLo ;]jf ug{' / ;hfo ug{' Goflos sf/aflxsf] clei6 k|bfg ug'{k5{ / lx/f;tdf /x]sf dlxnfsf] xf] . o; clei6nfO{ k"/f ug{ kmf}hbf/L afnaflnsfsf] plrt :ofxf/ ug'{k5{ . ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfg gljgtd 1fg / *= pk;+xf/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]udfkm{t dfgjclwsf/d}qL PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] kmf}hbf/L Gofok|0ffnL Jojxf/ / sfo{z}nLn] cf]tk|f]t k|lzlIft dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gdf cg';Gwfgstf{af6 j}1flgs k|df0fdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . o;n] JolQmsf] dof{bf s'g} cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 . cg';Gwfgstf{n] jofg klg cj:yfdf s'l07t x'g' x'Fb}g eGg] dfGotf lnFbf hfGg rfx]sf] tYo;+u ;DalGwt ;"rgf /fVb5 . o;y{ ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf qmddf k|fKt ug{] cg';GwfgTds cGt{jftf{ k|0ffnLsf] dfgjclwsf/sf cfwf/e"t dfGotfx¿ / ;'?jft ug'{ cfjZos 5 . kLl8t, ;fIfL / ljsl;t k|0ffnLnfO{ cfTd;ft ug'{ cfjZos cleo'QmnfO{ gd|, ;Ddfgk"j{s / Jofj;flos 5 . cfw'lgs Gofok|0ffnLn] ck/fwaf6 ¿kdf Jojxf/ ug]{Ù cg';Gwfg ;Ifd, lz3|, kLl8t ePsf JolQmx¿ k|lt ;xfg'e"lt dfq} :jtGq / a[xt x'g'kg]{Ù cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{ljlw xf]Og, pgLx¿nfO{ Gofok|flKtsf] clwsf/ Psbd} :ki6 x'g'kg]{Ù ;a} k|fKt k|df0fx¿ ;'lglZrt ug'{kb{5 . o;f] gubf{ Gofodfly cg';Gwfg ug]{ / To;kl5 dfq cleo'Qmsf] cfd ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ljZjf; lgdf{0f x'g klxrfg ug]{ h:tf sfo{k2tLsf] cg';/0f ug'{ ;Qm}g . ctM kmf}hbf/L ck/fw cg';Gwfgn] cfjZos 5 . o;f] ePdf dfq ;+ljwfgn] o; dfGotfnfO{ ;+:yflkt ug]{ k|lta4tf kl/sNkgf u/]sf] kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] dfGo af]Sg' kb{5 . l;4fGt / dfgjclwsf/;DalGw cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL kmf}hbf/L Goflos k|0ffnL ;dfgtfsf] b:tfj]hcg'¿k plrt sfg'gL k|0ffnL :yfkgf k|Tofe"ltdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . ctM / k|j4{gdf /fHon] lgefpg' kg{] e"ldsf ;xL ;+ljwfgåf/f alh{t s'g} klg lsl;dsf 9+uaf6 lgefpg ;lsg] x'G5 .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 83 …km};nf sfof{GjogÚ kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/:tDe
!= k[i7e"ld ck/fw/lxt cfbz{ ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nflu g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ sfg'gtM /fHon] ;'lDkPsf] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L ck/fw /f]Sg] / kQf nufpg] ;'of]Uo ;fwg agfO{ zflGt / Joj:yf sfod /fVg] egL k|x/L P]gsf] k|:tfjgfdf k|=gf=p= gjLg lszf]/ k|wfg ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefu g} pNn]v ePsf] x'Fbf kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|0ffnLnfO{ k"0f{tM ;kmn agfpg o;sf ;Da4 kIfx¿ GofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no, cbfnt, sfg'g Joj;foL, gful/s ;dfh tyf cGo ;DalGwt kIfx¿;+u ;dGjo u/L sfg'g sfof{Gjg / Gofo ;Dkfbg ug{ g]kfn k|x/Lsf] cxd e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 . cem ;+qmd0fsfndf r/d ¿kdf b]lvPsf] b08xLgtfnfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf NofO{ ;kmn cg';Gwfg ;dfhdf 36\g] ljleGg u/]/ k|rlnt sfg'g adf]lhd kLl8tnfO{ Gofo k|flKtdf ck/fwx¿nfO{ b'?T;fxg Pj+ /f]syfd ;xof]u Pad\ Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] tkm{ / kL8snfO{ ;hfo ug{ / lgoGq0f ug]{ kIfdf k|x/Ln] Pjd\ hl/jfgf u/fO{ ;'„g] df}sf k|bfg ug{'sf ;fy} ;dfhdf cfˆgf] sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/Lsf ;fy ck/fw Go"gLs/0f u/fpg dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /x]sf] x'G5 . ;DkGg ug{' kb{5 eg] kLl8t kIfn] o; cy{df kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|0ffnLsf] k|d'v p2]Zo ;dfhdf ck/fwaf6 k|tfl8t eO{ ;x]/ ga;L zflGt ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg' tyf ck/fwLnfO{ bl08t u/L Gofo vf]lhsf nflu ph'/L ug{' kb{5 kLl8tnfO{ Gofo k'¥ofpg' ePsf]n] o;sf] cfwf/ :tDesf] / kLl8t gePsf] cj:yfdf klg ¿kdf g]kfn k|x/Lsf] cu|0fL e"ldsf /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf Pjd\ :jo+ k|x/Ln] sfg'gn] gug{' eg]sf] sfo{ ug]{ / ug{' eg]sf] sfo{ ck/fwLnfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fleq Nofpg' gug]{ k|j[ltn] cyf{t sfg'gsf] kfngf tyf ;Ddfg gug]{ kb{5 . k|j[lQn] ;dfhdf ck/fw a9fO{ /x]sf] 5 eg] o:tf sfo{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;dfh :jo+d ;r]t eO{ c;n ;+:sf/sf] ljsf; u/L cufl8 a9\g' kb{5 . b]zn] 5f]6f] ;dodf g} w]/} /fhg}lts kl/jt{g NofO{ ;s]sf]n] Psftkm{ /fHo Joj:yf nf]s sNof0fsf/L eO{ dfgjclwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;Da4{g ug{'sf ;fy} gful/sx¿sf] xs :yflkt u/L ljsl;t /fHo k|0ffnLdf :yflkt eO{ ;s]sf] 5 eg]
84 CID MAGAZINE 2074 csf]{ tkm{ cfˆgf] xsclwsf/ k|of]u ubf{ csf{sf] xs ¿kdf km};nf sfof{Gjog xf] . cbfntaf6 ePsf] clwsf/nfO{ k|efljt u/]sf] kfOg'sf] ;fy} sfg'g km};nf ;DaGw kIfaf6 sfof{Gjog eO{ ck/fwLn] kfngf gug]{ jf pNn3+g ubf{ cfkm" 7"nf] eOG5 ;hfo kfpg', hl/jfgf ltg{', kLl8tn] Ifltk"lt{ eGg] ;f]r ljsf; ePsf sf/0f kmf}hbf/L Gofo kfpg' / k'gM ;f]xL JolQm ck/fwaf6 k6s k6s k|0ffnLdf s]xL r'gf}tLx¿ ;d]t ylkFb} cfPsf] 5 . kLl8t gx'g' / cfkm"n] /fxt cyf{t Gofo kfPsf] o:tf r'gf}ltx¿nfO{ ;fdgf ug{ sfg'gsf] zf;g cg'e"lt ug{' g} ;du|df kmf}hbf/L Gofok|0ffnLsf] -Rule of law_ sfod ug{ ;Sg' /fHosf] k|d'v ;jn kIf x'g cfpF5 . olb o;f] ePg eg] cfd bfloTj x'g cfpFb5 . o;sf nflu /fHo kIf o; gful/sdf /fHok|ltsf] wf/0ff gsf/fTds x'g], k|lt ;r]t / ;hu eO{ sfg'gn] lbPsf] clwsf/, k|x/L, ;/sf/L jlsn / cbfntk|lt hgljZjf; st{Jo / bfloTjnfO{ k"/f ug]{ / u/fpg] sfo{df 36\g hfg] x'bfF ck/fwLn] pGd'lQm kfpFb5, ;Ifd kmf}hbf/L Gofok|0ffnLsf ;Da4 kIfx¿n] b08xLgtf j9\b5, ck/fw ug]{sf] dgf]jn a9\b} k|efjsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{' kb{5 . hfG5, h;n] ubf{ ;dfhdf ck/fw / ck/fwLsf] ;dfhdf 36\g] ljleGg ck/fwx¿nfO{ b'?T;fxg ;+Vof a9\g uO{ ;dfhdf ljR5[ª\vntf pTkGg x'g] Pj+ /f]syfd ug{ / lgoGq0f ug]{ kIfdf / åGb, czflGt, lx+;f a9]/ c;'/lIft cj:yfsf] k|x/Ln] cfˆgf] sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/Lsf ;fy ;DkGg l;h{gf x'G5, cGtt /fHo Joj:yf g} sdhf]/ ug{' kb{5 eg] kLl8t kIfn] ck/fwaf6 k|tfl8t eO ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;y{ o:tf ;d:ofsf] lg/fs/0f ;x]/ ga;L Gofo vf]lhsf nflu ph'/L ug{' kb{5 ug{' eg]s} cbfntaf6 Gofo ;Dkfbg ug]{ qmddf / kLl8t gePsf] cj:yfdf klg ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf ePsf km};nfx¿nfO{ ;kmn sfof{Gjog ug{' xf] . Pad\ :jo+ k|x/Ln] ck/fwLnfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fleq @= cbfntsf] cfb]z kfngf ug]{ ;DaGwdf Nofpg' kb{5 . o; sfo{sf nflu gful/sx¿df ePsf sfg'gL Joj:yfM ;r]tgf / ph'/L ug]{ ;fx;sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . To;}n] ck/fw kLl8t kIfsf ;xof]usf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg nflu gful/s ;dfh / k|x/Lsf] e"ldsf cem efu–!, Gofokflnsf dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . k|fs[lts Gofosf l;4fGt cg'¿k !@^= -@_ d'2f dfldnfsf] /f]xdf cbfntn] sltko sfo{x¿ k|x/L cfkm}n] ug{ gldNg] klg lbPsf] cfb]z jf lg0f{osf] ;a}n] kfng ug{' x'G5g\ . o;sf nflu kLl8t kIf jf :yfgLo kg]{5 . gful/sn] k|x/LnfO{ ;xof]u k'of{pg' kg]{ x'G5 . g]kfn k|x/L k|x/Ln] k|fKt u/]sf ef}lts ;a't k|df0fnufot k|x/L P]g,@)!@ cGo k|df0fx¿sf cfwf/df cleo'QmnfO{ cbfnt !%= k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] st{JoM– ;dIf cleof]usf ;fy k]; ubf{ ;/sf/L jlsnn] -!_-s_ clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/Ln] sfg'g ;zQm ¿kdf cbfntdf pEofpg] / cbfntaf6 adf]lhd lbPsf] cfb]z / hf/L u/]sf] jf/]06 Gofo ;Dkfbg ubf{ ck/fw k'i6L eO{ ck/fwL 7x/ tbf?vtf;fy kfng tyf tfd]n ug{' . ePsf v08df To:tf cleo'QmnfO{ cbfntaf6 -ª_ sfg'gadf]lhd kqmg kg]{ JolQmnfO{ / ePsf km};nfadf]lhd lghx¿nfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp kqmg' kg]{ kof{Kt sf/0f ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ u/L ;hfo Pj+ hl/jfgf u/fpg] sfo{ g} ;du| kqmg' .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 85 !&= k|x/L sd{rf/Ln] lagfjf/]G6 lu/ˆtf/ ug{ k|wfg GofofwLz dLgaxfb'/ /fodfemLsf] kfpg] clwsf/–-v_ km/f/ 3f]lift ul/Psf] ldlt @)^^.@.@& sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ km};nf kqmg' kg]{ ck/fwL, sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnosf] :yfkgf u/]sf] k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)&! kfOPsf] 5 . ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] %(= dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/ k|d'vsf] sfd, lgod !!^ cg';f/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ldlt st{Jo / clwsf/M– @)&! sflt{s ! ut]b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L -6_ ====kmf}hbf/L ck/fwdf cbfntaf6 ;hfo ækm};nf sfof{Gjog ljz]if cleofg ;~rfng kfPsf JolQm tyf ultljlwx¿sf] lgu/fgLsf] lgb]{lzsf, @)&!æ n] u/]sf] Joj:yf eP Joj:yf ldnfpg] cg';f/sf] ;ldltn] km};nf sfof{Gjog ^)= lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no k|d'vsf] sfd, ;DaGwdf cfˆgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ub}{ st{Jo / clwsf/ M– cfO/x]sf]5 . -6_ cbfnt jf cGo sfof{no;DaGwL sfdsf] o; lgb]{lzsfsf] & -!_ adf]lhd km};nf l;nl;nfdf k|x/Ln] ug{'kg]{ sfd t'?Gt ug]{ sfof{Gjogsf] ljz]if cleofgcGtu{t eP jf u/fpg], u/]sf sfd sf/afxLsf] cg'udg tyf ;dLIff ug{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] s]G›Lo cg'udg ;ldlt ^^= k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M– /xg] Joj:yf 5 . -ª_ km/f/ ck/fwL km]nf k/]df kqmg] / c¿ -s_ of]hgf cg';Gwfg tyf afXo ;xof]u s'g} lsl;dsf] ck/fwsf] ;'/fs kfPdf cfˆgf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] cWoIftf ug]{ ;jf]{Rr sdfG8/nfO{ tTsfn k|ltj]bg ug]{ . cbfntsf] GofofwLz cWoIf #= km};nf sfof{Gjogsf nflu ePsf -v_ g]kfnsf dxfGofoflwjQmf ;b:o sfg'gL Joj:yfM -u_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo;lrj ;b:o -3_ ;lrj, sfg'g, Gofo, ;ljwfg;ef tyf km};nf sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf ljleGg ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfno ;b:o ;dodf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ljleGg vf]h, -ª_ ;lrj, u[x dGqfno ;b:o cGj]if0f, cg';Gwfg Pj+ cWoogsf] cfwf/df -r_ k|x/L dxflg/LIfs, k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no k|ltj]bgx¿, lgb]{lzsfx¿ / gLlt lgodx¿ ;b:o hf/L u/]sfdWo] k|d'v¿kdf lgDgfg';f/ o; lgb]{lzsfsf] ( -!_ adf]lhd km};nf /x]sf]5M sfof{Gjogsf] ljz]if cleofgcGtu{t sfo{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 km};nf sfof{Gjog ;d"xaf6 eP u/]sf sfd sf/afxLsf] cg'udg ;DaGwL ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ tyf ;dLIff ug{ k|To]s lhNnf cbfntdf lhNnf ljifos cg';Gwfgd"ns cWoog k|ltj]bg, cg'udg ;ldlt /xg] Joj:yf 5 . @)^$ o; lgb]{zsfsf] ^ -!_ adf]lhd km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k"0f{ j}7ssf] ldlt ljz]if cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lhNnf @)^^.!.@( sf] ;}4flGts lg0f{o tyf cbfntnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .
86 CID MAGAZINE 2074 xfn} dfq k|df0fLs/0f -@)&$.)^.#)_ ePsf] / lgb]{lzsf nfu" x'g' cufj} b]lv g]kfn k|x/Ln] @)&%efb| ! ut] af6 nfu" x'g] P]g cxd\ e'ldsf lgjf{x ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . lq–jifL{o d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{l{jlw -;+lxtf_ P]g @)&$, ck/fw lgoGq0f tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{of]hgf kl/R5]b – !% Crime Action Plan -CAP_ u[x dGqfnoaf6 :jLs[t ePb]lv ck/fw cg';Gwfg lgb]{l{zsf, km};nf sfof{Gjog;DaGwL Joj:yfM @)&! hf/L u/L o;nfO{ cem ;zQm¿kdf !%! ;hfosf] nut v8f ug{' kg]{ cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . !%@ km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo ck/fw cg';Gwfg lgb]{lzsf, @)&! -!_ d'2fsf] km};nf h'g;'s} txsf] cbfntaf6 @=^ -5_ cbfntsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog / ePsf] eP klg To:tf] d'2fdf ePsf] cbfnt ;'/Iff;DaGwL ;DalGwt cbfntx¿ km};nfsf] sfof{Gjog cleof]ukq jf ph'/L ;Fu ;dGjo u/L km};nf sfof{Gjogdf bfo/ ePsf] lhNnf cbfntn] ug]{5 . k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg] . -@_ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] cbfntn] ;'? sf/afxL %=!, -v_ cleof]hg tyf ldl;n Joj:yfkg / lsgf/f u/]sf] d'2fsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog ;d"xcGtu{t km};nf sfof{Gjog zfvf ;d]t ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntn] ug]{5 . / /flvPsf] 5 . bkmf !%#= b]lv bkmf !^*= ;Dd ljleGg k|fjwfgx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . $= km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] dxTjM u[x dGqfno /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o kl/k|]Ifdf b]lvPsf u[x dGqfno sfg'g tyf km};nf sfof{Gjog lj1x¿, /fHosf ;ldlt / cfof]un] km};nf dxfzfvfsf] d'Vo sfd ;Ddflgt sfof{Gjogsf] ljifodf u/]sf kl/efiff / cbfntx¿af6 ePsf km};nfx¿sf] l6Kk0fLx¿n] o;sf] dxTrnfO{ lgDgfg';f/ sfof{Gjog;DaGwL ljifo elg tf]lsPsf] 5 . k:i6\ofPsf] kfOG5 . s]Gb|Lo Gofo If]q ;dGjo ;ldlt No Judgment of any Court, no order of any , s]G›Lo Gofo If]q ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ldlt Judges is of any use unless it can be -sfof{Gjog ljgfsf] km};nf jf @)&).)(.@! ut]sf] a}7ssf] lg0f{o cg';f/ enforced. cfb]zsf] s'g} cy{ 5}g . cbfntsf] km};nfn] s}b b08 hl/jfgf nfu]sf] - Lord Denning AolQmnfO{ ;f] s}b hl/jfgf c;'n geP;Dd An execution is the end and the fruit of jf cfTd;dk{0f gu/];Dd /fHoaf6 k|bfg law. km};fnf sfof{Gjog g} sfg'gL k|lqmofsf] ul/g] ;]jf :yug ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;dflKt / sfg'gn] lbg] kmn jf kl/0ffd xf] . cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 . Winning a Judgment may be only half the g]kfn k|x/L battle... collecting it, the other half. -d'2f k|x/L P]g, @)!@ / k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)&! lhTg' eg]sf] cfwf o'4dfq lhTg' xf] . lht]sf] n] km};nf sfof{Gjogdf lgb]{z u/]sf]n] laz]if s'/f k|fKt u/]kl5 dfq k"/} o'4 lhltG5 ._
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 87 km};nf sfof{Gjog geP sfuhL Gofodfq Goflos b08 hl/jfgfaf6 pGd'lQm kfpgsf nflu x'g] / cbfntk|lt hgcf:yf g/xg] . efUg] k|j[lQnfO{ lg?T;flxt / lgoGq0f ug{ g]kfn -zfxL Gofo ;'wf/ cfof]u k|ltj]bg_ k|x/Lsf] gLltut k|fyldstfdf /fvL b]ze/sf km};nf tyf clGtd cfb]znfO{ d"t{ ¿k lbg] lhNnfl:yt k|x/L sfof{nox¿nfO{ kl/rfng u/L sfd km};nf sfof{Gjogaf6 dfq x'g] cGoyf km};nf sfof{Gjog;DaGwL sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ sfuhL Gofodfq x'g] . cfO/x]sf] 5 . km};nf sfof{Gjog ljz]if cleofg ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&! n] u/]sf] Joj:yf -cbfnt ;'b[9Ls/0f ;'emfj ;ldltsf] cg';f/ @)&! sflt{s ! ut]b]lv ;~rfng k|ltj]bg, @)%*_ ePsf]df k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, ck/fw cg';Gwfg s'g} klg Goflos lgsfoåf/f ul/Psf] lg0f{osf] ljefun] dftxtsf sfof{nox¿nfO{ km};nf sfof{Gjog ePdf g} hgtfsf] ljZjf; sfod sfof{Gjog ug{ nufO{ ;dGjo ub}{ cfO/x]sf] /xG5 ;fy} cbfnt / km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ 5 . o;kl5sf r/0fx¿df ck/fw cg';Gwfg lgsfox¿k|lt ;b}j e/f];f /lx/xG5 / Gofo k|fKt ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu lq–jifL{o ck/fw lgoGq0f u/]sf] cg"e'lt eO{ /fHo klg ;kmn ePsf] tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{of]hgf -CAP_ u[x dGqfno b]lvG5 . o; cy{df km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{' Ps af6 @)&!.)&.!& ut] :jLs[t ePkZrft ck/fw hl6n Pj+ r'gf}tLk"0f{ sfo{ klg xf] . km};nf cfkm}df cg';Gwfg lgb]{lzsf, @)&! nfu" eO{ ck/fw k"0f{ x'Fb}g, o;n] sfof{Gjog kl5 dfq k"0f{tf k|fKt cg';Gwfg cleof]hg tyf sfg'gL k/fdz{ / ug]{ x'+bf o;sf lgDg dxTjx¿ /x]sf 5g\M ;dGjo dxfzfvf -PLCCD_ sf] :yfkgf- @)&! r}q % ut] eO{ km};nf sfof{Gjog ;dGjo -!_ cbfntk|ltsf] hgcf:yfdf clej[l4 u/fpg, PsfOsf] ;d]t :yfkgf u/L km};nf sfof{Gjog ub}{ -@_ sdhf]/ ju{sf] Gofodf kx"Fr k'¥ofpg, cfO/x]sf] ;fy} o;sf cltl/Qm dxfzfvfn] ldl;n -#_ kLl8t Gofok|0ffnLnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf Joj:yfkg, cbfnt ;dGjo, ;fIfL tyf kLl8t sfof{Gjogdf NofO{ kLl8t kIfnfO pkrf/ ;xfotf, cleof]hg / sfg'gL k/fdz{;d]t k|bfg k|bfg ug]{ tyf xs k|rng u/fO{ Gofo ub}{ cfO/x]sf]5 . kfPsf] cg'e"lt lbnfpg, -$_ ;dfhdf zflGt, ;'/Iff / cdg rog sfod km};nf sfof{Gjog ljz]if cleofg @)&! sflt{s /fVg, ! ut]af6 nfu" ePsf !^ lhNnfx¿ sf7df8f}+, eQmk'/, nlntk'/, emfkf, df]/ª, ;'g;/L, l;/xf, -%_ sfg'gL /fHosf] :yfkgf, ;Kt/L, wg'iff, ;nf{xL, af/f, k;f{, gjnk/f;L, -^_ sfg'g / km};nfnfO{ hLjGttf k|bfg u/L ¿kGb]xL, slknj:t', afFs]df / cGo yk GofonfO{ ;fsf/ jgfpg, lhNnfx¿df pQm cleofg nfu" ug{ @)&@ df3 ! -&_ ck/fwLnfO{ b08 ;hfo lbnfO{ b08xLgtfsf] ut]af6 * lhNnfx¿ dxf]Q/L, /f}tx6, dsjfgk'/, cGTo ug{ cflb lrtjg, g'jfsf]6, sf:sL, bfª / s~rgk'/;d]t %= g]kfn k|x/Lsf k|of;x¿M yk u/L xfn @$ lhNnfx¿df ljz]if cleofg nfu" g]kfn k|x/Ln] km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;jf]{Rr eO;s]sf] 5 . ;a} lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, cbfnt km};nf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnonufotsf dxfgul/o k|x/L kl/;/:t/sf sfof{nox¿df lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo u/L km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog clws[t tf]sL ;jf]{Rr nut lng] sfo{ ;Dkfbg u/L k|x/L kl/rfngdfkm{t cbfntsf] Website af6 km};nf sfof{Gjog
88 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ;DaGwL nutsf] ljj/0f k|fKt ug]{ Access lnO{ cbfnt cf]vn9'+ufsf] ldlt @)^!.)!.@* ut]sf] ;a} km};nf sfof{Gjog clws[tnfO{ User name km};nfn] 9'+u]nnfO{ ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}b ;'gfof] / Password pknAw u/fO{ b]ze/ km};nf ;f] adf]lhd @)%%.)(.)# ut] b]lv lhNnf sfof{Gjogdf k|x/L kl/rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . sf/fuf/ cf]vn9'+ufdf k'k{Ifsf] nflu y'gfdf ^= km};nf sfof{Gjogsf d'Vo nufot s}b ;hfo e'Qmfg u/L a;]sf lyP . lghn] rlr{t 36gfx¿M pQm d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg u/]kl5 lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt /fhlj/fhsf] ldlt cGt/f{li6«o s'Voft ck/fwL rfN;{ u'?d'v @)^#.)#.!! ut]sf] lg0f{on] pN6\ofO{ s;"/af6 zf]e/fhM– ;kmfO lbPsf]n] pgL s}b d'Qm eP . k'g/fj]bgsf] k|mfG;sf gful/s zf]e/fhn] g]kfnsf] k]K;Lsf]nfdf km};nf pk/ k'gM;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{ @)#@ ;fn k'if * df sf]gL hf] a|f]lghsf] xTof kl5 ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] @)^^ k'; !( ut] lhNnf u/]sf] cleof]udf / @)#@ k'if ^ df Sofg]l8og cbfnt cf]vn9'+ufsf] km};nf ;b/ u/L 9'+u]nnfO{ gful/s n/]G6 cdf{08 Sofl//]sf] xTofdf tTsflng bf]ifL 7x/ u/]/ ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}bsf] km};nf ;dodf eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntaf6 d'4f rnfOPsf] ;'gfPkl5 pgL km/f/ lyP . g]kfn ;/sf/n] lyof] . eQmk'/ lhNnf cbfntn] lghnfO{ bf]ifL ldlt @)^*.)&.@@ ut] lghnfO{ cfd dfkmLsf] 7x/ ub}{ ;j{:j;lxt hGds}bsf] km};nf ;'gfPsf] lg0f{o u/]sf]df ;f]] lj?4 l/6 lga]bs /fd]5fk lyof] . ;f+u'6f/ ufla;–% xfn sfdgkf–$ a:g] ;flaqL >]i7;d]t ePsf] pTk|]if0f d'2fsf] ;DaGwdf ldlt g]kfndf k|j]z u/]sf] ;Gbe{df x]bf{ …nfOkm PG8 @)&@.)(.@# ut] ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 cfd qmfOD; ckm rfN;{ zf]e/fhÚ gfds k':tsdf dfkmL glbg' eGg] km};nf u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfn pgn] klxnf] ck/fw rf]/L ;g\ !(^# df !( k|x/Ln] cbfntsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ qmddf jif{sf] pd]/df u/L Ps jif{ h]n a;] . k|mfG;sf] @)&$ sflQs !$ ut] d+unaf/ laxfg !! ah] cG8/jN8{ ;d"x;Fu ldn]/ 7"nf rf]/L , ;g\ !(&) ;ftbf]af6f]af6 lgh 9'+u]nnfO{ kqmfp u/L lhNnf df ef/tsf] d'DaO{df rf]/L, sfa'ndf ko{6s cbfnt sf7df8f}+n] km};nf sfof{Gjogsf nflu n'6\g], rf]/Lsf] kf;kf]6{ k|of]u u/]/ pgL O/fg x'Fb} l8NnLahf/ sf/fuf/ k7fPsf] 5 . 6sL{ / lu|;df ljleGg ck/fw ug]{, yfONofG8df nfu"cf}ifw sf/f]af/ / tLg ko{6ssf] xTof u/L g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ljefuLo gLltcg';f/ km};nf ko{6ssf] kf;kf]6{ lnP/ ef/t / g]kfn cfPsf sfof{Gjogsf] ljz]if of]hgf nfu" ePkZrft k|x/L ;fy} ef/t, g]kfn / dn]l;ofdf bh{gf}F cfk/flws k|wfg sfof{no, ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefun] ldlt sfo{ ub}{ ljleGg b]zdf kqmfp ug{ g;ls/x]sf] @)&! ;fn sflt{s dlxgfb]lv b]ze/jf6 ljleGg cj:yfdf ck/fwL zf]e/fhnfO{ g]kfn k|x/Ln] d'2fdf cbfntaf6 bf]ifL 7x/ eO{ km/f/ /x]sf @)^) ;fndf sf7df8f}Fdf kqmfp u/L ;hfo JolQmnfO{ kqmfp u/L sfg'gL bfo/fdf Nofpg] e'Qmfgsf] nflu sf/fuf/ k7fOPsf] lyof] . p2]Zon] km};nf sfof{GjognfO{ ljz]if ?lr lbO{ afns[i0f 9'+u]nM– cf]vn9'+ufsf pHhgs'df/ k|fyldstfk"j{s hl/jfgf tyf s}b ;hfo c;'n >]i7sf] @)%% ;fn c;f/ !) ut] ePsf] xTofdf pk/ ug]{ sfd sf/afxLcGtu{t xfn;Dd lgDg g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbL s]G›sf g]tf tyf k"j{;ef;b ljj/0f cg';f/ km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;kmn afns[i0f 9'+u]nsf] xft /x]sf] 7x/ ub}{ lhNnf ePsf] 5M
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 89 @)&! sflt{s ! ut]b]lv @)&$ sflt{ssf] km};nf sfof{Gjog;DaGwL ljj/0fM kqmfp s}b cfly{s jif{ hl/jfgf -?=_ s}lkmot -;+Vof_ jif{ Dflxgf lbg @)&!÷)&@ -@)&! sflt{s ! b]lv ;'?_ @(#@ @^!^ $ & $$,#*,$%,(%$÷– @)&@÷&# @%^% @!#@ #) ^^ #,)(,%(,((,%$(÷– @)&#÷&$ @@(^ @)^& !) !* $^,(*,@@,!!(÷– rfn' cf=j= @)&$÷&% -)&$ sflt{s &^# ^&( % # *,#*,#),)%).÷– d;fGt_ hDdf *,%%^ &$($ @@ ($ $,)(,#$,(&,^&@÷– cf=a= @)&#÷)&$ sf] km};nf sfof{Gjog;DaGwL ljj/0fM ljj/0f kqmfp s}b hl/jfgf -?=_ s}lkmot -;+Vof_ aif{ Dlxgf lbg != ljz]if cleofg ;~rfng !$# !!# $ @^ @),$!,!#,!(#÷– ePsf @$ lhNnf @= ljz]if cleofg ;~rfng *!@ ^$% @$ *! ^,&#,*$,!((÷– gePsf %! lhNnf a'Fbf g+= ! / @ sf] hDdf @@$$ !&*# & !& @&,!$,(&,#(@÷– CIB %@ @*$ # ! !(,*#,@$,&@&÷– hDdf @@(^ @)^& !) !* $^,(*,@@,!!(÷– &= ;'emfjx¿M u'lh|/x]sf]n] sfg'g sfof{Gjogdf ;dfhsf] e'ldsf . pk/f]Qm ljifox¿nfO{ Jojxfl/s ¿kdf cWoog %= cleo'Qmn] kfpg] hl/jfgfeGbf w]/} sd /sd Pj+ laZn]if0f ubf{ b]lvPsf sdL sdhf]/LnfO{ lnO{ w/f}6Ldf 5fl8g'n] cfkm" a9L ;hfodf ;'wf/ / ;Da4 kIf;Fu ;dGjofTds e"ldsf lgjf{x kb{5' eGg] 8/n] km/f/ /xg' . ub}{ n}hfg lgDg ;'emfax¿ k|:t't ul/Psf]5M ^= km};nf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnoaf6 k|efjsf/L != kmf}hbf/L d'4fsf] km};nf sfof{Gjogdf k|x/L, cg'udg, lg/LIf0f tyf ;xof]u k|fKt x'g cleof]hgstf{ / cbfntsf] txl;n zfvf g;Sg' . aLr ;+:yfut / ;+/rgfut ;dGjo . &= kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] dfq} lhNnf k|x/L @= nut cBfjlws tyf clen]vdf Zf'¢tf . sfof{nonfO{ clen]v k|fKt x'g] ePsf]n] #= km};nf sfof{Gjog lgb]{zgfnodf k|x/L sfof{Gjogdf ;Lldttf . ;lxtsf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgfsf ;fy} lhNnf *= Jojxfl/s ;d:ofM– :t/df k|x/L b/aGbL . s km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] s]G›Ls[t clen]v $= g]kfnL sfg'g / /fHo k|0ffnL nfdf] ;+qmd0faf6 k|0ffnL -Central Data System_ ePtf klg
90 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ;f]sf] clen]v kmf};nf sfof{Gjog ug]{ s]Gb|Lo o;sf nflu s]Gb|Lo Gofo If]q ;dGjo ;ldltn] k|x/L / k|b]z k|x/Ln] k|fKt ug{ g;Sg' . ;/sf/nfO{ km};nf sfo{Gjog ug{ /fHosf ;a} s nut nfu]sf JolQmx¿sf] tYofÍ ;DalGwt lgsfox¿ ;lqmo /xg' kg]{ cg'/f]w u/]sf]df ;Da4 lhNnfdf dfq /xg] ePsf]n] cGoq vf]lh ug{ kIfx¿n] ;lqmotf b]vfpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . olb To;f] g;lsg] . geP ;dfhdf b08xLgtfn] k|>o kfpF5 / cbfnt s a;fO ;/fO{ tyf cGo sltko sf/0fn] ubf{ Pj+ kmf};nf sfof{Gjog u/fpg] lgsfok|ltsf] hg To:tf JolQmx¿ ;'?sf] jtgdf g/xg] . cf:yfdf ;d]t c;/ kg{ hfg] x'G5 . s gfd 9fF6]/ gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq;d]t cbfntn] Gofo u/]/dfq xF'b}g To;sf] cg'e"lt cs}{ agfP/ cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ 5Ng] k|j[lt klg x'g' kb{5 . Gofosf] cg'e"lt TolQv]/ dfq b]lvg' . x'G5, ha ;fy{s¿kdf km};nf sfof{Gjog s d[To', a;fO ;/fO{ / cbfntsf] km};nf x'G5 . sfof{Gjog lagfsf] km};nf s]jn cbfntL gxF'b} ljb]z knfog ePsf ;Gbe{df k|x/Lsf] 3f]if0ffdf dfq ;Lldt /xg] x'gfn] jf:tljs cy{df k|ltj]bgadf]lhd cbfntdf hfgsf/L Gofo k|fKt u/]sf] cfef; x'gsf] nflu km};nf u/fPkZrft ;dodf g} nut s§f gx'g', sfof{Gjog kIfnfO{ ;zQm agfpg cfjZos 5 /]s8{ cBfjlws Pj+ ;'wf/ eP/ gcfpg' . o;y{ Gofosf] ;fy{s Pjd\ jf:tljs ¿k km};nf (= lgisif{=M sfof{Gjog xf] . km};nfn] Gofosf] 3f]if0ff ub{5 eg] o;sf] sfof{Gjogn] dfq k"0f{tf k|fKt ub{5 / Goflos lgsfox¿åf/f x'g] clGtd km};nfaf6 7x/ oyfy{tfdf hgtfn] Gofo k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf] x'G5 . adf]lhdsf] efu k|fKt ug{nfO{ ;DalGwt JolQmn] jf /fHosf c+un] /fHosf] sfg'gåf/f lgwf{l/t ;|f]tM u/]sf] k|lqmof cjnDag u/L ul/g] sf/afxL g} s g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg ;du|¿kdf km};nfsf] sfof{Gjog xf] . s k|x/L P]g, @)!@ s'g} klg ljjfbsf] zflGtk"0f{ ¿kaf6 ;dfwfg ug{ s k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)&! / cleo'QmnfO{ ;hfo lbnfpgsf] nflu cbfnt s km};nf sfof{Gjog ljz]if cleofg ;~rfng tyf cw{Goflos lgsfox¿df ljjfb jf d'2fnfO{ lgb]{lzsf, @)&! k|j]z u/fpg ;Sg' sfg'gL /fHosf] k|d'v p2]Zo s d'n'sL kmf}hbf/L sfo{l{jlw -;+lxtf_ P]g @)&$ xf], o;y{ cbfnt tyf cw{Goflos lgsfox¿n] s ck/fw cg';Gwfg lgb]{lzsf, @)&) cfˆgf] kxF'r hgtf;dIf k'¥ofpg' h?/L 5 . Gofo s k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, ck/fw cg';Gwfg ;Dkfbg ug{ klg TolQs} ;+a]bgzLn x'g cfjZos ljefu / ljefuåf/f k|sflzt klqsf, b]lvG5, o;sf ;fy} To:tf lgsfox¿af6 ul/Psf] k':tsx¿ km};nf klg k|efjsf/L 9Ëaf6 sfof{Gjog x'G5 s http://www.supremecourt.gov.np/web/ eGg] ljZjf; lbnfpg' Goflos lgsfo / km};nf s http://www.nepallawcommission.gov.np sfof{Gjog u/fpg] lgsfosf] dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ s http://www.moljpa.gov.np/ x'g cfpFb5 . b]jfgL / kmf}hbf/L b'j} k|s[ltsf s http://www.moha.gov.np/ d'2fx¿df km};nf sfof{Gjog ug{' kg]{ x'G5 . s http://www.nepalpolice.gov.np
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 91 g]kfndf cfly{s ck/fw / g]kfn k|x/L cg';Gwfg
k|f/De g]kfndf k|f/Deb]lv g} 7uL / lst]{sf] ¿kdf b]lvPsf] cfly{s ck/fw lg/Gt/sf] ljsf;qmd;Fu} a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfkgf / ;~rfngsf] a9\bf] qmd;Fu} d'n'ssf] k|=gf=p= ;Ltf/fd l/hfn ljQLo k|0ffnL k|uf9 x'Fb} hfg' / /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefu cGt/ ;~hfn / cfly{s sf/f]af/df ;"rgf / k|ljlwsf] a9\bf] k|of]un] Psflt/ cfly{s sf/f]af/nfO{ cfd gful/ssf] ;xh kx'Frdf k'¥ofPsf] 5 eg] csf]{tkm{ cfly{s sf/f]af/ sfo{ k|s[ltsf cfwf/df pRr hf]lvddf ;~rfng x'g] Aoj;fo ePsf]n] o; Joj;fodf ck/fw tyf ;'/Iffsf] hf]lvd klg cfly{s ck/fwsf] hf]lvd cfly{s a9\bf] ¿kdf b]lvFb} cfPsf] 5 . ;"rgf / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;, sf/f]af/sf] If]qdf dfq ;Lldt ljsl;t ;x/Ls/0f / ljnf;L rfxfgfn] dflg; cfly{s /xFb}g . cfly{s ck/fwaf6 k|fKt ck/fwsf] af6f]tkm{ pGd'v ePsf] b]lvG5 . ljZjsf ;a} /sd cft+sjfbL ultljlw / d'n'sx¿sf cfly{s sf/f]af/df ;"rgf / k|ljlwsf] lg/Gt/ lx+;fTds 36gfdf ;d]t k|of]u ljsf; / ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds ePsf] ljleGg 36gfqmdn] b]vfO b'j} k|efj k/]sf] b]lvG5 . ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] sf/0fn] ;s]sf] 5 . cft+sjfbL ultljlw cfly{s ck/fwsf k|foM 36gf ck/fwLx¿sf] ;~hfnn] / lx+;fTds 36gf;d]tnfO{ ljZjsf s'g} 7fFpdf a;]/ cGoq 36fpg] ;Defjgf a9L ;dod} lgoGq0f, cg';Gwfg tyf /xG5 . cfly{s ck/fwsf] ;+ul7t hfnf] eTsfpg s'g} Psn sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg o:tf /fi6«sf] k|of; dfq casf lbgdf nueu c;Dea 5 . ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfgdf ;DalGwt g]kfndf x'g] lalQo ck/fw lgsfox¿ g} a9L cu|;/ w a}+lsª s;"/ x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 . w ladf 7uL w gSsnL d'›f w g]6jls{ª sDkgL w le;f sf8{ w SIM Box Fraud
92 CID MAGAZINE 2074 w ;Dklt z'l4s/0f cGo k/Dk/fut ck/fweGbf cfly{s ck/fwsf w x'G8L / xjfnf k|s[lt km/s /x]sf] tYon] ;d]t cfly{s ck/fw w 9's'6L cg';Gwfgsf] r'gf}lt ;d]t O{+lut ub{5 . w 7uL w s/ 5nL w slyt pRr ju{sf] cfly{s ck/fwdf ;+nUgtf w e|i6frf/ ;+ul7t ;+/rgf tyf cGt/f{li6«o g]6js{ w pRr cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]u g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df cfly{s ck/fw lsg eO/x]5 cg';Gwfgsf] Pp6f kf6f] x'g ;S5, t/ cfly{s w ck|ToIf /fhgLlts ;+/If0f ck/fw cg';Gwfg ul//xFbf g]kfndf ;+ul7t w d'Vo of]hgfsf/sf] ;+nUgtf k|fo ck|ToIf x'g' cfly{s ck/fw x'gsf k5fl8 lgDg sf/0fnfO{ lng w cfly{s ck/fw Ps k|sf/sf] clx+;fTds ;lsG5M ck/fw ePsf]n] ck/fw ePsf] yfxf kfpg w ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] lgodgsf/L lgsfox¿sf] klg ;do nfUg] sdhf]/ e"ldsf cfly{s ck/fwsf dfly pNn]lvt sf/0f / w sfg'gL hl6ntf k|s[ltnfO{ ;txL¿kaf6 dfq} x]g]{ xf] eg] klg w cfly{s ck/fw;DaGwL d'2fsf] cbfntL lgodgsf/L lgsfo / sfg'g sof{Gjog lgsfo k|lqmof nfdf] x'g] ePsf]n] cf/f]kLnfO{ b'j}nfO{ cfly{s ck/fw lgoGq0f, cg';Gwfg tyf rnv]nsf] kof{Kt ;do x'g] . sf/afxLdf 7"n} r'gf}lt /x]sf] ;xh} cg'dfg nufpg w ablnFbf] /xg;xg / rfF8f] wgL aGg] O{R5f ;lsG5 . cfly{s ck/fwn] ;du|df ;dflhs w sfnf] wgnfO{ ;'4Ls/0f ug{ vf;} ufx|f] gx'g' ck/fwsf] j[4L, /fli6«o cy{tGqdf gsf/fTds w a9\bf] ;x/Ls/0f, ;"rgf k|ljlw, k|efj, u}/sfg'gL cfly{s rnv]n, ahf/ efpdf ljZjJofkLs/0f / cGt/f{li6«o cGt/ c:jfefljs ptf/r9fj, ;fdflhs ;+/rgfdf ;~hfnsf] ck/fwLaf6 unt k|of]u . larng, ;+ul7t ck/fwsf] a9f]Q/L / k'FhLknfog, w v'nf ;Ldfsf sf/0f ck/fw u/L efUg pDsg ;DklQ ;'2Ls/0fsf] hf]lvd h:tf lqmofsnfkdf ;lhnf] k|ToIf c;/ tyf k|efj kfb{5 . cfly{s ck/fwsf] pNn]lvt sf/0fsf ;fy;fy} xfd|f] h:tf] hf]lvd cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] If]qdf dfq ;Lldt d'n'sdf cfly{s ck/fwsf] af/]df ;txL 1fg /xFb}g . cfly{s ck/fwaf6 k|fKt /sd cft+sjfbL ;d]t cfd gful/sdf gx'g', cfly{s ck/fwsf ultljlw / lx+;fTds 36gfdf ;d]t k|of]u ePsf] d'2f cg';Gwfgdf g]kfn k|x/Lleq ;Lldt bIf ljleGg 36gfqmdn] b]vfO{ ;s]sf] 5 . cft+sjfbL cg';Gwfgstf{ x'g', cfly{s ck/fwdf gof+ k|ljlwsf] ultljlw / lx+;fTds 36gf;d]tnfO{ ;dod} k|of]u x'g' / ;dodf k|fljlws ;xof]u ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 k|fKt gx'g' h:tf sf/0f cg';Gwfgdf lgoGq0f, cg';Gwfg tyf sf/afxLsf] bfo/fdf sl7gfO{ x'g'sf ;fy} cfly{s ck/fwsf ;xfos Nofpg o:tf ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfgdf ;DalGwt sf/ssf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . lgsfox¿ g} a9L cu|;/ x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 93 g]kfndf cfly{s ck/fw;“u ;DalGwt g]kfn k|x/Ln] ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . a}lsª s;"/, P]gx¿ SIM Box Fraud, o'lg6L, g]6jls{ª xaf]{, 7uL, hfnLgf]6, ladf 7uL, 9's'6L, VISA Card Frauds, s_ ;=d'=;= P]gsf] cg';"rL ! cGtu{tsf P]gx¿ x'G8L cflb / ;DklQ ;'4Ls/0f -;Dklt ;'4Ls/0f g]kfn /fi6« a}s P]g @)%*, wf/f–(% cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPdf_ w a}lsª s;"/ tyf ;hfo P]g, @)^$ h:tf cfly{s ck/fwsf d'2fx¿ ;d]tsf] ;kmn w d'n'sL P]g 7uL / lst]{sf] dxn cg';Gwfg g]kfn k|x/Ln] ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . w b'/;~rf/ P]g @)%#, wf/f $& g]kfndf cfly{s sf/f]af/df bx|f] pkl:ylt hgfpFb} w ljB'tLo sf/f]af/ P]g @)^# cfPsf] ;xsf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ cem} klg cg';"lr ! w a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g @)&#, cGt/ut g;d]l6Fbf ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf x'g] cfly{s wf/f !)# clgoldtf / ck/fwsf] hf]lvd klg k|:6 b]lvg v_ cg';"rL ! afx]ssf P]gx¿ yfn]sf] 5 . ;xsf/L ;+:yfdf x'g] clgoldtfnfO{ w ;DklQ ;'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f P]g @)^$ ca klg 7uLsf] dxncGt/ut sfg'gL sf/afxLsf] w j}b]lzs /f]huf/ P]g @)^$ bfo/fdf Nofpg' ;dofg's"n b]lvGg . 6f]n6f]ndf w ladf P]g @)$( ;d"x ldn]/ v]lng] 9's'6L / To;n] NofPsf] cfly{s w eG;f/ P]g @)^$ tyf ;fdflhs ljs[lt klg Ps ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf w cGtz'Ns P]g @)%* b]lvg yfn]sf] 5 . 9's'6Ls} sf/0fn] 3/jf/laxLg w /fh:j r'xfj6 cg';Gwfg tyf lgoGq0f P]g tyf ljleGg cfk/flws 36gfx¿ ;d]t xfd|f] @)%@ ;dfhn] ef]Ug yfln;s]sf] 5 . 9's'6Lh:tf cfly{s ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf g]kfn k|x/L u}/cfly{s sf/f]af/n] klg cfly{s ck/fwnfO{ a9fjf lb+b} /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfnleq cfpg] / g]kfn k|x/Ln] cfˆgf] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} cfly{s aflx/ hfg] 7"nf] /sd cfhsf lbg;Dd klg x'G8L ck/fwsf d'2fx¿ d'n'sL P]g 7uL / lst]{sf] dxn tyf xjfnfsf gfddf u}/sfg'gL af6f]af6 sf/f]af/ cGtu{t cg';Gwfg ub}{ cfO/x]sf]df ;doqmd;Fu} eO{ /x]sf] 5 . lgodgsf/L lgsfoaf6 x'G8L tyf b]vf k/]sf leGg k|s[ltsf cfly{s ck/fwx¿nfO{ xjfnnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ / sfg'gL bfo/fdf Nofpg sfg'gL bfo/fdf Nofpg tTsflng >L % sf] cg]s ljlw ckgfP klg k|efjsf/L x'g ;s]sf] ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf dfly 5}g . /fHo ;+oGqnfO{ r'gf}lt lb+b} cfkm"v';L pNn]lvt P]gx¿ NofPsf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfn /fi6 u}/sfg'gL tj/af6 cfly{s sf/f]jf/ ug{' cfkm}df a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] k|f/Dekl5 ;f]xL P]gsf] wf/f ck/fw sfo{ xf] . o:tf ck/fwdf ;+nUgx¿nfO{ (% sf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg g]kfn k|x/Ln] ub}{ g]kfn k|x/Ln] cg';Gwfg tyf sf/afxL ul//x]sf] /x]sf]df kl5Nnf] ;dodf a}+s tyf ljlQo ;+:yfdf cj:yf eP klg 9's'6L, x'G8L tyf xjfnf h:tf b]vf k/]sf cg]sf} cfk/flws 36gfx¿nfO{ cfly{s ultljlw n'lsl5kL rln/x] 5g\ . ;du| ;Daf]wgsf] nflu a}+lsª s;"/ tyf ;hfo g]kfn k|x/Lsf d'2f rNg] ;a} k|x/L sfof{nox¿ P]g @)^$ / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g cfly{s ck/fwsf d'2fx¿sf] cg';Gwfgdf @)&# sf] wf/f !)# sf] s;"/sf] cg';Gwfg klg ;+j]bglzn /x]sf] kfOG5 . ljz]if k|s[ltsf cfly{s
94 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ck/fwsf d'2fx¿sf] cg';Gwfg eg] g]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;DklQ ;'2Ls/0f cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 cg'/f]w s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]af6 x'+b} cfPsf] 5 . cfly{s eO{ cfPsf ;DklQ ;'2Ls/0f s;"/sf ( j6f ck/fw ljz]iftM a}+lsª s;"/ tyf ;Dklt ;'2Ls/0f d'2f btf{ eO{ !# hgfnfO{ sf/jfxL tyf h:tf d'2fx¿ ljz]if k|s[ltsf / k|fljlws klg ?= @&,!&,(#,%(%.!% lauf] dfubfaL lnOPsf], ePsfn] o:tf d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg tyf txlssft cGo cfly{s ck/fw -7uL, ladf 7uL, 9's'6L, xaf]{ ;Dej eP;Dd ljz]if ;+o'Qm cg';Gwfg 6f]nLaf6 g]6jls{ª, hfnLgf]6, gful/stf / /fxbfgL;d]t_ x'Fbf k|efjsf/L x'G5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf x'g] laz]if k|s[ltsf 7uLsf @$ j6f d'2f btf{, !!$ cfly{s ck/fwsf d'2f / ;Dklt z'l2s/0f ;DaGwL hgfnfO{ sf/jfxL tyf ¿ !,%@,#(,%&,%*!.*@ s;"/sf] k|efasf/L cg';Gwfg tyf sf/afxLsf] lauf] dfubfaL lnOPsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfox¿ g]kfn k|x/Lsf] s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f], ;Dklt ;'l4s/0f cg';Gwfg r'gf}lt tyf hf]lvdx¿ ljefu / g]kfn /fi6 a}+s aLr cfjZstfcg';f/ kl5Nnf] ;dodf Xofs/x¿af6 The Society for ;do ;dodf ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication 5 . pNn]lvt tLg lgsfoaLr ePsf] cfk;L (SWIFT) rf]/L u/L SWIFT sf]8sf] dfWodaf6 ;Demf}tf kq / cfly{s ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ljleGg 5 /fi6«sf cf7 j6f a}+sdf g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm cg';Gwfg cEof;sf] yfngL;d]t ePsf] a}+saf6 7"nf] /sd /sdfGt/ x'g', g]kfn /fi6« 5, h'g cfly{s ck/fw lgoGq0f, cg';Gwfg tyf a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] alv{nfk x'g] u/L g]kfn sf/afxLdf kmnbfoL /x]sf] 5 . lj=;+= @)^* df /fi6« a}+s;Fu s'g} O{hfht g} glnO{ Bitcoin h:tf g]kfn k|x/Lsf] s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f] :yfkgf ljQLo pks/0f hf/L u/L ca}w Bitcoin nufotsf / lj=;+= @)&) df s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]sf] Cryptocurrency sf] vl/b-laqmL u/L ljb]zL ljlgdo lgodfjnL cfPb]lv xfn;Dd cfly{s ck/fwdf ;d]tsf] sf/f]af/ lglZrt k|ltzt sld;g lnO{ ePsf sf/afxLsf s]xL k|ltlglw 36gfsf] tYof+s cj}w Bitcoin nufotsf Cryptocurrency sf] x]g]{ xf] eg] g]kfndf cfly{s ck/fwsf] cj:yf sf/f]af/sf 36gf / VISA CARD Frauds df lab];L ;xh} cg'dfg nufpg ;lsG5 . ;+nUgtfn] lgodgsf/L lgsfo tyf cfly{s a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdf x'g] a}lsª s;"/ sf/f]af/ x'g] ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] k|of]udf NofPsf -ATM CARD ;d]t_ %* j6f d'2f btf{, !&! hgf ;'/Iff k|aGwnfO{ r'gf}lt lbFb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . kqmfp / ? !(,$$,&*,@$,^^*.*$ sf] lauf] VISA CARD Frauds sf] hf]lvdnfO{ klg b'O{ dfubfaL, lsl;daf6 x]g{' kg]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfnL gful/sx¿n] SIM Box Fraud lj?4 g]kfn k|x/L / ;]jf k|bfos g]kfnL VISA CARD x¿sf] k|of]uaf6 ef/t sDkgLx¿sf] ;+o'Qm sf/afxL tyf cg';Gwfg nufotsf d'n'saf6 g]kfnL gful/ssf vftfaf6 ;d]t k|efjsf/L /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd /sd rf]/L ug]{ / lab]zL gful/sx¿n] g]kfndf !)) :yfgx¿df ePsf] sf/afxLdf g]kfnL /x]sf ljleGg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf ATM !@% / ljb]zL #! u/L !%^ hgfnfO{ kqmfp / d]l;gx¿af6 g]kfnL tyf lab]zL le;f sf8{ / ?= !!,&(,%&,$^,#%$.&^ sf] lauf] dfubfaL, pks/0fx¿ k|of]u u/L lab]zd} /x]sf vftfaf6 lab]zL gful/ssf] xf];\ of g]kfndf /x]sf g]kfnLsf]
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 95 g} lsg gxf]; /sd lgsfNg] 36gf eO{s]sf 5g\ . ck/fw /f]syfddf lgodgsf/L lgsfo tyf ljleGg ldltdf ef/tLo, lrlgof, 6ls{;, /f]dflgog, ljQLo ;+:yfx¿n] k|of]udf NofPsf sdhf]/ /l;og, cflb ljb]zL b];sf gful/sx¿ kqmfp / ;'/Iff k|f0ffnL . pgLx¿af6 7"nf] ;+Vofdf a/fdb ePsf ljleGg w ljz]iftM a}+lsª s;"/sf d'2fsf] cleof]hg d'n'ssf d'›f, le;f sf8{x¿ / pks/0fx¿n] tyf jx; cnu cnu ;/sf/L jlsn lab];Lx¿sf] ;+nUgtf / g]kfnnfO{ k|of]u u/]sf] sfof{noaf6 x'g' . ;d]t :ki6 b]vfpF5 . xfn;Dd s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg w Xofs/x¿af6 x'g] cgflws[t kx'Fr tyf a}+s Ao"/f]n] dfq VISA CARD Frauds sf 36gfdf u/]sf] tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ jf AolQmsf vftfdf sf/afxLdf k"jL{ o'/f]k]nL gful/sx¿ /f]dflgog–$, /x]sf] /sdnfO{ ;lhn} /sdfGt/ ug{' . 6sL{;–$, a'Nu]l/og–# / df]Nbf]leog–$ u/L !% hgf kqmfp tyf lghx¿sf] ;fyaf6 g]=?= cfly{s ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf cg';Gwfg **,^*,*%)÷–, cd]l/sL 8n/ &%,@$%÷–, o'/f] clws[tsf] e"ldsf &#,*&%÷–, ljleGg cj}w ATM Card !,$#( yfg, w cfly{s ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwt P]g lgodsf Card Skimming Device, Nofk6kx¿ ;d]t a/fdb af/]df laz]if hfgsf/L lng] . cflb 36gfx¿n] g]kfndf cfly{s sf/f]af/sf] w ;Ddflgt cbfntaf6 cfly{s ck/fwsf If]qdf ckgfOPsf ;'/Iff k|aGwnfO{ /fd|} r'gf}lt d'2fdf ePsf km};nf, k|ltkflbt glh/x¿sf] lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . af/]df hfgsf/ x'g' . cfly{s ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf r'gf}lt w s;"/sf] cj:yfsf af/]df ulx/f] cWoog tyf cg';Gwfgdf cfOkg]{ r'gf}ltsf af/]df ;d]t w cfly{s ck/fwdf k|fo pRr k|ljlwsf] k|of]u, Wofg lbg] . ljb]zL ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtf, ;+ul7t k|s[ltsf] x'g] / of] ljZjJofkLs/0f;d]t x'g] ePsf]n] w ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿;Fu lg/Gt/ ;dGjo cg';Gwfgdf cem} klg bIf hgzlQmsf] sdL ug]{ . x'g' . w ;/sf/L jlsn;Fusf] ;dGjonfO{ k|fyfldstf w cfly{s ck/fw cg';Gwfg hl6n k|s[ltsf] lbO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg;d]t lnO{ cg';Gwfg x'g] ePsf]n] ;|f]t;fwgsf] k|of]u klg oy]i6 sfo{ ug]{ . x'g] u5{ . cfjZos ;|f]t;fwgsf] sdL klg w ;DalGwt lj1 / k|fljlws ;xof]u cfjZostf cfly{s ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf r'gf}ltsf] ¿kdf cg';f/ lng] . b]lvPsf] 5 . w a/fdb sfuhft, pks/0fx¿ tyf cGo w ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿ aLrsf] cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]u x'g] b;Lx¿sf] ulx/f] ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ ;dod} gx'+bf cfly{s cWoog ug]{ . ck/fw cg';Gwfg k|efljt x'g k'Ub5 . w cfly{s ck/fwdf ;+nUgx¿sf] s;"/sf] k|fljlws tyf lj1sf] plrt ;xof]u;d]t dfqfnfO{ ljz]if Wofg lbg] . ;dodf pknAw gx'g' . w k|:tfljt /fo tof/ u/L ;/sf/L jlsn w a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿df x'g] cfly{s ;dIf k]; ug]{ .
96 CID MAGAZINE 2074 pNn]lvt 36gfn] cfly{s sf/f]af/df ck/fwsf] h:tf s;"/sf] cg';Gwfgdf emg\ Joj;flos hf]lvdnfO{ cem hl6n agfPsf] 5 . cfly{s agfpFb} nfu]sf] 5 . cfly{s ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf ck/fwsf] hf]lvd Go'g ug{ ;Da4 lgsfo / ljleGg b]zx¿ / ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo g]kfn /fi6« g]kfn k|x/Ln] ;do;fk]If cfˆgf] IfdtfnfO{ a}+s, ;Dklt ;'2Ls/0f cg';Gwfg ljefu, /fh:j klg a[4L ub}{ /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . g]kfn k|x/Ln] cg';Gwfg ljefu nufPtaf6 g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ cfly{s ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf k|efjsf/L / ;kmn lbOg] k|lzIf0f tyf cGt/lgsfo aLrsf] ;do cg';Gwfg ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L cfly{s ;dodf x'g] Work shop, cGt/lqmof, cf}krfl/s ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf Ifdtf clea[4Lsf] nflu tyf cgf}krfl/s 5nkmn;d]t kmnbfoL x'Fb} National Banking Institute af6 g]kfn k|x/Lsf cfPsf] 5 . cfly{s ck/fwnufotsf ;+ul7t clws[tx¿n] tflnd lnFb} cfPsf]df xfn;fn} ck/fwx¿sf] ;d'n lgoGq0f, cg';Gwfg tyf National Banking Institute / g]kfn k|x/Lsf] sf/afxLdf casf lbgdf s'g} Psn lgsfosf] s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]aLr ePsf] tflnd;DaGwL k|of;dfq kof{Kt b]lvGg . o:tf ck/fwsf] kf/:kfl/s tflnd;DaGwL ;Demf}tfn] cg';Gwfg sf/afxLdf ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfo, /fi6« /fi6«aLrsf] clws[tnfO{ cfly{s ck/fw / ;DklQ ;'4Ls/0f ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ ca l9nf ug{' xF'b}g .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 97 ck/fw cg';Gwfg d]/f] cg'ej
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98 CID MAGAZINE 2074 h'+u] c;O{ ;fanfO{ e]6\g] / ;f]Wg] uy]{, ;/ k|x/L ;?jf k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, s]G›Lo cg';Gwfg aGg s] ug{' k5{ < pgn] ;xh} pQ/ lbGy]– k9\g' Jo"/f] -CIB_ dxf/fhu~h, sf7df8f}+df eof] . d k5{, s'b\g' k5{, tflnd ug{' k5{, w]/} ufx|f] x'G5 afa' ;fx|} v';L eP . g]kfnsf] Ps dfq ljlzi6Ls[t dnfO{ eg] emg} OR5f a9\b} uPsf] lyof], h;/L -Specialized_ cg';Gwfg ug]{ PsfOdf /xL sfo{ x'G5 k|x/L aGg] . ug]{ cj;/ dnfO{ ldn]sf] lyof] . ;'?df dnfO{ s]xL pRr lzIff cWoogsf] nflu sf7df8f}+ cfP gf}nf] cg'ej eof] . nfdf] ;do eL8 lgoGq0f tyf kZrft d lj=;= @)%% ;fndf k|x/L ;]jfsf] k|x/L k|x/L sfo{ h:tf] If]qdf sfo{ u/]sf] JolQmsf] nflu ;xfos lg/LIfsdf k|j]z u/] . k|x/L ;]jfdf k|j]z CIB sf] sfo{ jftfj/0f -Working environment_ u/]kZrft dnfO{ ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf ljNs'n} km/s lyof] . s]G›Lo cg';Gwfg Jo"/f]sf] sfd ug]{ tLj| OR5f lyof] . t/ klg eg] h:tf] cg';Gwfg ug]{ tf}/tl/sf;d]t km/s lyof] . cj;/ kfpg ;s]sf] lyOg . x'g t k|x/L ;]jfsf] cg';Gwfgdf a9L eGbf a9L j}1flgs ;fwgsf] bf}/fgdf ljleGg k|x/L PsfOx¿df /xL sfo{ ubf{ k|of]u ug]{, Digital pks/0fx¿sf] k|of]u ug]{, k|ToIf ck|ToIf¿kdf ck/fw cg';Gwgdf gv6]sf] ;a}eGbf /fd|f] kIf dnfO{ nfu]sf] klxnf s'g}klg rflxF xf]Og . lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no bf]nvdf /xFbf z+lst -Suspect_ JolQm lgoGq0fdf lng'k"j{ xf]; of Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no 3lt{ufpF /f]Nkfdf p;n] u/]sf] s;"/;Fu ;DalGwt ;a't k|df0f /xFbf xf];\ ljleGg lsl;dsf hl6n cg';Gwfgdf ;+sng ug]{ clg dfq z+lst JolQmnfO{ lgoGq0fdf ;l/s eO{ ;kmn cg';Gwfg u/]sf] cg'ej d;Fu lng] . dfgjclwsf/sf] pRr ;Ddfg ug]{ o; lyof] . dxfgu/Lo k|x/L j[Q, hg;]jfdf sfo{/t /xFbf kl/kf6L dnfO{ cToGt} dg k¥of] . o'jtLsf] cg'xf/df Pl;8 k|xf/ u/L 3fOt] agfOPsf] s]G›Lo cg';Gwfg Jo"/f] -CIB_ df cfO{ ;s]kZrft\ Pp6f hl6n k|s[ltsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfgdf k|ToIf d ljleGg lsl;dsf Operation df ;xeuL eO{ ck|ToIf d}n] klg ;xefuL x'g] cj;/ eg] kfPsf] ;kmn cg';Gwfg ug{ ;d]t ;kmn ePF . d]/f] lyP . laxfgLsf] Tuition sIffdf k9\g] o'jtLdfly cg'ejdf s'g} klg cg';Gwfg ;kmn ljkmn x'g]df Acid k|xf/ ePsf] lyof] . k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg w}/] xb cg';Gwfg clws[tsf] nufj, 1fg, Ifdtf nufotsf] cg';Gwfg sfo{df ;xefuL eO{ cGttM tyf dflyNnf] -Senior_ bhf{sf] clws[taf6 k|ltjfbL kqmfp u/L ;Ddflgt cbfntdf cfjZos x'g] ;xL dfu{ lgb]{zg tyf k|f]T;fxg lhDd]jf/ sfg'gL sf/afxLsf] nflu k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . /xG5 . slxn]sfxL+ nfdf] ;do;Dd cg';Gwfgdf o;/L ljleGg k|x/L PsfOx¿df /xL ;]jf ubf{ s'g} Lead k|fKt xF'b}g cGof]nsf] cj:yf ;[hgf x'g ck/fw cg';Gwfg If]qdf ;d]t cg'ejx¿ xfl;n hfG5 t/ klg slQ klg ljrlnt geO{ lg/Gt/ ug]{ df}sf dnfO{ ldn]sf] lyof] . oL o:tf ck/fw nflu /xFbf ;kmntf k|fKt x'Fbf]/x]5 . cg';Gwfg sfo{df cfkm" ;xefuL xF'b} cfPsf] s]lx ;do klxnf Pp6f ;fdfGo hfgsf/L k|fKt lyP . t/ klg d]/f] ck/fw cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf x'G5, h;df Qnet gfds ;+:yf u}/sfg'gL ¿kdf sfd ug]{ OR5f eg] k"0f{ e};s]sf] lyPg . ;+~rflnt 5 . h;n] Networking sf] sfo{ o;} qmddf @)&# ;fnsf] ;'?jftlt/ d]/f] Pyramid z}nLdf gofF gofF u|fxsx¿ agfO{
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 99 k|nf]egdf kf/L 7uL ul//x]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L If]q h:tf] d¥of{lbt k];df ;d]t dflg;x¿ ;DnUg kfPkZrft yk hfgsf/L tyf cg';Gwfgdf xfd|f] /x]sf] eGg] ljz]if ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df g]kfn d]l8sn l6d nfU5 . ljleGg ldl8of, ;f];n ldl8ofx¿ sfplG;n, pRr dfWoflds lzIff kl/ifb\ / ef/tsf] af6 ;d]t yk ;"rgf lnFb} hfFbf ljZjsf] w]/} b]zdf Bihar Intermediate Educational Council ;f] ;+:yf k|ltalGwt /x]sf] xfd|f] l5d]sL ldq/fi6« nufotsf] ;dGjodf cg';Gwfg ub}{ hfFbf To:tf ef/tdf ;d]t 7"nf] Scam ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt gSsnL z}lIfs k|df0fkq k]; u/L 8fS6/ ePsf u5f}{+ . tTkZrft xfdLn] of] d'2fdf cem uxg y'k|} JolQmx¿ /x]sf] v'n]kl5 xfdLn] ljleGg ¿kdf sfd ug{'k5{ eGg] dx;'; u/L ljleGg Team agfO{ Surveillance df v6fp5f} / 6f]nLx¿ agfp5f} . laxfgb]lv a]n'sf;Dd ;f] To:tf 8fS6/x¿n] sfd u/L /x]sf] :yfgaf6 ;d'xsf] ultljlw lgu/fgL -Surveillance_ ug]{, kqmfp u/L sfg'gsf] s73/fdf pEofpg ;kmn ;"rgf ;+sng, IT Co-Ordination nufotsf x'G5f+} . k|:t't 36gfx¿n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] ;dfhsf sfo{ ub}{ cg';Gwfg sfo{ yk cufl8 x/]s ju{sf dflg;x¿ s'g} g s'g} unt tl/sf a9fpF5f} . cGttM ;f] Networking sf lu/f]xx¿ ckgfP/ cfkm" :yflkt x'g xf]; jf ;/n tl/sfn] lj?4 ;kmn Operation eO{, ;f] 7uL ug]{ ;d'xnfO{ k};f sdfpg xf]; nflu k/]sf] b]lvG5 . h:t} sfg'gsf] s73/fdf pEofpg ;kmn x'G5f} . Qnet Networking df cfa4 JolQmx¿ ljleGg To:t} u/L Pp6f Jofkf/LnfO{ CIB sf] k|x/L x'F elg k];fdf sfo{/t /x]sf lyP, h;n] ;xh tl/sfn] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ 7"n} /sd lnO{ 5f8]sf] eGg] ;"rgf k};f sdfpg pQm Networking Business kLl8taf6 k|fKt x'G5 . To;kl5 xfdLn] k|x/Lsf] cFufNg k'u] . To:t} lrlsT;f If]qdf /x]sf ;+DnUgtf x'g ;S5 elg cg';Gwfg cufl8 8fS6/x¿ ;dfhdf /fd|} x}l;ot ePsf JolQmx¿ a9fp5f} . yk cg';Gwfg kZrft\ of] sfd k|x/Lsf] x'g\, h;n] z}lIfs k|df0fkq lst]{ u/L 8fS6/ k9] geO{ cGo sf]xL JolQmn] k|x/L x'F elg u/fPsf] / cfkm" :yflkt eP . o:tf 36gfx¿df k|x/LnfO{ lgisif{df xfdL k'U5f}+ . Technical investigation hfgsf/L gx'g ;S5, To;}n] ;fgf 7"nf ;"rgf lbg] af6 k|fKt ePsf] ;fgf] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df xfdL JolQmx¿ hf];'s} ePtf klg To;nfO{ gb]v]em}+ u/L cl3 a9\b} hfFbf cfkm} rlst k5f}{+ sf/0f ;a} yk cg';Gwfg ub}{ hfFbf w]/} d'2fx¿df ;kmntf z+lst JolQmx¿ kLl8t ePsf] hfgsf/L x'G5 . xfl;n x'g] /x]5 . slxn]sfFxL kqklqsfdf cfPsf] tTkZrft cg';Gwfg ub}{ hfFbf ;'?df ;'Gb/ o'jtL ;fgf] vj/af6 ;d]t 7"nf] cg';Gwfg ;Dej x'g] dfkm{t dflg;x¿;Fu lxdlrd a9fpg nufpg] /x]5 . clg ckx/0f u/L sf] x'F elg k};f c;'n CIB DSP s'g} klg ;kmn cg';Gwfgsf] nflu d]/f] cg'ejdf u/L 5f]l8lbg] . ;f] 36gfdf kLl8tx¿af6 k|fKt ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] ;"rgf g} kof{Kt xF'bf]/x]5 t/ ;fgf] ;fgf] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df pQm lu/f]xsf cg';Gwfg clws[tsf] Ifdtf, s'zntf tyf ;Dk'0f{ JolQmx¿nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ sfg'gsf] nufjdf lge{/ /xG5 . s;/L p;n] ;"rgfnfO{ s73/fdf pEofpg ;kmn eof}+ . Intelligence agfpF5, o;}df cg';Gwfg s]lG›t To:t} u/L gSsnL z}lIfs k|df0fkq k]z u/L lrlsT;f x'G5 . o;/L Pp6f ;kmn cg';Gwfgsf] nflu d]/f]
100 CID MAGAZINE 2074 cg'ejdf JolQmsf] eGbf klg ;du| 6f]nL -Team_ o;/L ck/fwx¿sf] gofF–gofF :j¿k b]vf kg]{ qmd;Fu} sf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{ x'g] /x]5 . Pp6f d'4fsf] ck/fw cg';Gwfgdf klg r'gf}tL ylkg] qmd hf/L ;kmn cg';Gwfgsf] nflu pQm cg';Gwfgdf g} 5 . gofF–gofF :j¿kdf b]vfkg]{ ck/fwx¿nfO{ vl6g] 6f]nLsf] cys k|of;, d]xgt / OdfGbf/L klxrfg ug{ cg';Gwfg clws[t tyf ;+du| l6dnfO{ nufjaf6 dfq Pp6f ;kmn cg';Gwfg ;Dej ;d]t ;do;fk]If 1fg cfjZos k5{ h:tf] x'G5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . dnfO{ nfU5 . xfn b]vf k/]sf] QNet Networking 7uL, 7uL 7uL h:tf Pp6f ;kmn cg';Gwfgsf] nflu hg;Dks{n] Bit Coin , Face book parcel d'4fx¿sf] cg';Gwfgdf ;d]t ljz]if 1fg;d]t - _ klg 7"nf] d2t k'Ubf] Public relation cfjZos xF'bf]/x]5 . /x]5 . slxn]sflxF hg;Dks{dfkm{t k|fKt x'g] ;fgf] ;"rgfaf6 7"nf] pknlAw k|fKt x'g d s]G›Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]df sfo{/t /xFbf ljleGg ;S5 . hg;Dks{dfkm{t k|fKt ePsf] ;fgf] gofF–gofF k|s[ltsf ck/fwx¿sf] cg';Gwfg ug]{ cj;/ ldNof] . h;df 8fS6/ h:tf] ;Ddflgt ;"rgfaf6 Networking 7uL wGbf rnfpFb} k];f ug]{ JolQmx¿ klg gSsnL df cfPsf QNET gfds Networking ;~hfnnfO{ Certificate tf]8L sfg'gL bfo/fdf NofOPsf] cg'ej d;Fu 8Sf6/ ePsf, gSsnL kfO{n6, ljleGg d'n'saf6 g]kfnsf ul/j, afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ 5 . ;fy} ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwt dxTjk'0f{ ;"rgf eg]/ cfPsf ko{6sx¿ afn of}g b'/frf/L ePsf tyf hfgsf/L To:tf] JolQmnfO{ k|fKt x'G5, h;sf] h:tf] ck/fwx¿sf] tyf cg';Gwfg e/k'/ hg;Dks{ x'G5 . Operation ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{ ;a}df clxn]sf] o'u ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] -IT_sf] o'u xf] . ;Dk"0f{ cg';Gwfgdf vl6g] l6d, dfu{lgb]{zs ;j{;fwf/0fsf] b}lgs lqmofsnfkdf IT s'g} g s'g} ;/x¿sf] plQs} e'ldsf x'g] d]/f] cg'ej 5 . afn ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf] x'G5 . o;} u/L ck/fwdf of}gb'/frf/L] kqmfpb]lv gSsnL 8fS6/ kqmfp ubf{ ;+nUg JolQmx¿n] klg Digital Devices x¿sf] ;Ddsf] cg'ejdf Team Work af6 g} ;kmntf k|of]u u/L ck/fw sfo{df s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf xfl;n ePsf] dnfO{ nfU5 . cjZo k|of]u u5{g\ . Ps cfk;df e]6\g xf]; jf casf] lbgx¿df cg';Gwfgsf] cfwf/ :tDe eg]sf] va/ cfbfg–k|bfg ug{ xf]; of cGo s'g} ¿kdf ;"rgf k|ljlwdf -IT _ cfwfl/t x'g] s'/fdf b'O{dt o;/L Digital Devices x¿nfO{ ca cg';Gwfgdf 5}g . lsgls g]kfn k|x/Ln] dfgjcflwsf/sf] ;+nUg u/L Digital Forensic dfkm{t cg';Gwfg pRr ;Ddfg ub}{ cg';Gwfg ug{' kg]{ ePsf] x'Fbf gug]{ xf] eg] nueu ck/fw cg';Gwfg ug{ cToGt} a:t'lgi7 cg';Gwfg cfhsf] clgjfo{ ;t{ xf] . sl7g 5 . ctM Digital Forensic sf] ;xfotfaf6 ct: IT nfO{ s]G›df /fv]/ cg';Gwfgsf] nfdf] hfFbf w]/} xb;Dd ck/fwL;Dd k'Ug ;lhnf] x'g] xft km}nfpFbf h:tf];'s} rnfv ck/fwLx¿nfO{ /x]5 . casf] cg';Gwfg eg]sf] High Tech x'gsf] ;d]t sfg'gsf] s73/df pEofpg ;kmn x'g ;fy} Digital Devices sf] cg';Gwfg tyf IT sf] ;lsG5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . ck/fwLx¿n] klg ;xof]udf a9L lge{/ /xG5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfU5 . s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf s'g} g s'g} ;dodf / :yfgdf
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 101 Digital devices x¿sf] k|of]u u/]s} x'G5g\, ;fdflhs ;~hfn tyf cGo ;"rgfsf ;|f]tx¿nfO{ rfx] ck/fw sd{ ug{' cufl8 e]nf hDdf x'g j]jf:tf ug{ ;lsb}g . xf]; jf ck/fw u/fO{ ;s]kZrft\ ;"rgf cfbfg csf]{ ;kmn cg';Gwfgsf] dxTjk"0f{ s8L eg]sf] k|bfg ug{, Digital devices x¿ k|of]u u/]s} uf]kgLotf klg xf] . k|fKt ;"rgfx¿sf] uf]kgLotf kfOG5 . o;/L ck/fwLx¿n] k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf /fVg g;s]sf] v08df cg';Gwfg Tolts} t'lxg Digital devices x¿sf] Digital forensic af6 ;S5 . ctM cg';Gwfgdf vl6g] cd's JolQmx¿df cfpg] tYoaf6 cfhsfn ck/fwL;dIf k'Ug w]/} dfq ;"rgfx¿ ;Lldt -Need to know basis_ ;lhnf] ePsf] kfOG5 . casf] cg';Gwfgdf vl6g] k|x/L ug{' cToGt} h¿/L x'G5, lsgls ;"rgfsf] b'¿kof]u sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ a9LeGbf a9L cg';Gwfgdf k|of]u ePsf] v08df cg';Gwfgdf dfq geO{ To;}sf] x'g] j}1flgs pks/0f tyf Email, Internet x¿sf] sf/0f 7"nf] b'3{6gf;d]t lglDtg ;S5 . cGttM af/]df 1fg tyf tflnd k|bfg ug{ clt cfjZos cg';Gwfg cfkm}+df cToGt} hl6n ljifo ePtfklg 5 . cfh ;fdflhs ;~hfn -Social Media_ ha ;d'x -Team_ g} ;lqmo¿kdf cg';Gwfgdf df o'jf, j[4, afnaflnsf, s'g} g s'g} ¿dkf nfU5, ta c;Dej eGg] s'/f s]xL x'Gg eGg] cfa4 ePsf] kfOG5 . ct: ;fdflhs ;~hfnaf6 cg';Gwfgsf] If]qdf klg nfu" x'g] /x]5 . o;y{ klg w]/} ;"rgfx¿ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . ck/fw sfd k|ltsf] nufj, d]xgt, OdfGbf/L, w}o{tf, sfo{ ug]{ JolQmx¿sf] kmf]6f], ;Dks{ gDa/nufot Team work ;fy} IT nufotsf] ;"rgf k|ljlwdf w]/} dxTjk"0f{ ;"rgfx¿ ;fdflhs ;+~hfnx¿af6 Wofg lbg ;s]df cg';GwfgnfO{ lgisif{df k'¥of{pg ;d]t k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] xF'bf cfhsf] cg';Gwfgn] ;lsG5 .
102 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Community Policing in Nepal: Past, Present and Future
Introduction
Security is a fundamental need and right of humans. The Nepal Police is the main administrative agency of the government to prevent and investigate crime, maintain law and order, protect life, properties and dignity and uphold the human rights of people. "The police are the Dr. Mekha Bahadur Khatri first and most immediate point of contact between citizens Deputy Superintendent of Police in their everyday life and the nation" (Philip, 2013, p.103). Some people believe that the only role of the police is to prevent crime. Others say maintaining order is most important, while some say criminal investigation is the most important task of the police. Policing is an activity Community policing is a new characterized by protecting individuals so as to maintain philosophy and organizational safety and security order in society. The basic mission of strategy that promotes the police is ‘To Protect and To Serve’ (Das and Verma, partnership between the police 2003). Based on the structure, activities, responsibilities and community for crime and source of power there are four types of policing- related problem solving through Anglo-Saxon policing, continental policing, communist research and planning using policing and colonial policing. Policing system of Nepal is information and technology near to colonial policing system and has enjoyed with this policing culture since its inception (Khatri, 2013). Nepal Police is the government’s main apparatus entrusted with preventing and investigating crime, maintaining law and order to make the democratic system function. To this end, Nepal Police, which was established in 1955, has been implementing different models of policing such as traditional policing, zero tolerance, intelligence-led policing, democratic policing and lastly community policing (Khatri, 2017). This article focuses on the past, present and future of community policing in Nepal.
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 103 Community Policing Definition thinking) and an organizational strategy (a way to Community policing is a difficult concept to carry out the philosophy) that allows the police define. The practitioners, researchers, police and the community to work together in new ways leaders and managers and students show the to solve problems of crime, disorder and safety substantial disagreement and one’s own view issues to improve the quality of life for everyone over its philosophy, strategy, mechanism, and in that community. ‘The police working in efficacy. Some people believe that community partnership with the community; the community policing is a relationship between the police and thereby participating in its own policing; and the the community that evokes positive images with two working together, mobilizing resources to the ultimate aim of insulating the police from solve problems affecting public safety over the critical analysis. Others say community policing longer term rather than the police alone, reacting is a program or project of bringing police and to short term to incidents as they occur. communities close together and bridge the gap Based on the definition, these are the following between them, while some say self-policing or elements of community policing: informal policing (Wisler and Onwudiwe, 2009). Most agree that community policing is used • Community policing is a philosophy and an imprecisely and can mean many things to different organizational strategy that needs efficient people because of the diversity of the problems. and effective organizational management. Police use the diverse method to solve local crime • It promotes strong partnership, coordination, problems. Although there is no agreed definition and cooperation between the police and the of community policing, the authors and scholars community. have provided community policing definition focusing on philosophy, organizational strategy, • It focuses on the scanning, analysis, partnership between the police and the public, response and assessment of problems such and problem solving model. as crime, fear of crime, social disorder and neighborhood decay and Visionary writers Robert Trojanowicz and Bonnie Bucqueroux (1990, p. 3) concisely defined • Police should be assigned at local area in community policing based on the 9Ps as: permanent basis who patrol same area and work with the community. Community policing is a philosophy of full service personalized policing, where the same officer Based on the definition and elements of patrols and works in the same area on a permanent community policing, it is a philosophy, a way basis, from a decentralized place, working in a of thinking about improving public safety and proactive partnership with citizens to identify and security. Police organization should implement it solve problems. into practice that involves management policies, organizational structure, personnel practices, Likewise, Mathias, Kendrick, Peake, & information technology system, operation of a Groenewald, (2006, p. 33) define community police department, partnership between the policing as: police and the public and problem solving. The Community policing is a philosophy (a way of most transformative aspect of the community
104 CID MAGAZINE 2074 policing movement has been the shift from the Neighborhood Police Post system was upgraded to reactive crime incident oriented model to a more Neighborhood Police Center to provide one-stop proactive problem-solving or problem-oriented policing services to the community they serve. The policing model through partnership, research and community policing in Singapore is best known as planning using information technology. The police successful community policing model in the world. and the public puts a heavy focus on effort to History of police-community relation is very old prevent crime before it happens by systematically and is dependent on communal support in Nepal. identifying and addressing crime and crime related People have been helping with their land, money, problems (Lawrence and McCarthy, 2013). To this materials and human support for settling the police end, there must be dedicated police personnel offices to increase the capabilities of the police assigned in an area with permanent basis to work since very beginning. Generally people are very with community. helpful during crime investigation by providing Historical Background of Community information and assistance (Thapa, 1998, p. 173). Policing However, on the one hand police were used to The foundation of the philosophy of what we suppress the cadres of opposition political parties term as community policing today was originally and their supporters during the Panchayat political found in the Sir Robert Peel’s nine principles system and on the other hand police feared “…the police are the public and the public are intimidating children which created a gap and the police…” in 1829 with the establishment of distrust between the police and the public. Undue Metropolitan Police in London (Peak and Glensor, behavior, involvement in corruption, misuse of 1996, p. 4). In the USA a number of progressive power, excessive use of force, harassment done by police departments began to experiment a new single police personnel were taken as a whole that approach to policing—community policing that blurred the image of police organization. In this focused on improving relations between the situation, then IGP Dil Bahadur Lama launched a police and the communities they serve in 1970s. new initiative called "Police in Community Service" Institutionalization process of community policing (door-to-door program) in Kathmandu, Lalitpur started with the signing of a new law—Violent and Bhaktapur in November and December 1982 Crime Control Act, 1994 by President Clinton respectively as a pilot project to establish a bridge (Khatri, 2013, p. 92). In Japan, Tokyo Metropolitan to close the gap that had been created between Police was established for policing and initiated police and society by the way of policing, to create community policing based policing system—Koban the feelings that police are servant, protector and and Chuzaisho—in 1874 since its policing system friends of people, improve the negative image of inception. As of 2010, there were 6,232 Koban and police and create conducive environment in the 6,847 Chuzaisho to provide 24/7 police service community for policing (Lama, 1983). However, (National Police Agency, 2010). Likewise, the origin lack of fund and resources, lack of help from of community policing in Singapore can be traced government stakeholders, mostly resistance from to the creation of Crime Prevention Department police leaders, and political instability the police in 1981 but community policing was initiated failed to effectively collaborate with people and with the establishment of Neighborhood Police other agencies the pilot project was discontinued Post in each constituency in June 1983. In 1997, (Lama, 2007).
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 105 Present Situation of Community Policing in Nepal
After the restoration of multiparty democratic system a "Community Police Service Centre" was established in Maharajgunj Kathmandu on Aril 14, 1994 as a pilot project by a joint effort between Nepal Police and community based NGOs. Similar types of community police service centers were established in New Baneshwor and Chabhil Kathmandu the following year. During the development of community policing centers there were more than 24 community-policing projects supported by DFID and agencies from Singapore and Japan (Khatri, 2013). As of now, there are more than 185 community police service centers and 96 community police sections to do the community policing activities. There are 227 police personnel posted in community security division to community police sections. A total of 504 police personnel are working at community police service centers (Community Security Division). Nepal police has been conducting community policing activities on the following structure at the ground level:
106 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Community policing in Nepal is based on legal provisions, laws, regulations, and policies such as Police Act, 2055, Police Regulation, 2071, Community Police Service Operational Directive, 2069, Police My Friend Policy Paper, 2016, Metropolitan Volunteer Police Mobilization Guideline, 2015, NGO Bidhan (Constitution) registered in District Administration Offices. Community police service centres and community service centres conducted following activities based on the Community Police Service Operational Directive, 2069:
Crime Public Gender and Awareness Social Drug Misce Fiscal Year prevention health and Domestic Total program activities control llaneous and control environment Violence 2071/072 1757 2075 1172 1153 - - 548 6705 2072/073 6198 5532 1530 1498 - - 1690 16448
2073/074 3475 2663 1346 1273 591 398 1186 10932
Total 11430 10270 4048 3924 591 398 3424 34085
2074/075 1539 1246 477 376 176 146 378 4338
Source: Crime Investigation Department, Community Security Division
Community Policing Initiatives:
Nepal Police has initiated different programs to deliver police service effectively and efficiently to the community they serve. These initiatives are: in 2015. Under this program, students were trained as instructors and trained students and • Citizen Help Desk: Nepal police has established community police used to go to school and “Citizen Help Desk” to provide people friendly provide awareness classes to the students. service since August 18, 2011. Civil cloth police officer leads the Citizen Help Desk, welcomes • Police Service with Smile: This program was service seekers with respect, receive complain inaugurated for positive behavioural change and convert verbal complain to written form, of police personnel on May 21, 2014 in and suggest for further ways to get the service Kathmandu. A two day training was conducted done. Citizen desk officer plays vital role in for police personnel. providing police service to the people from • Police My Friend: This program was initiated police office. to improve relationship between the police • P2H2 (Police Public Hand in Hand) Program: and the community on June 10, 2016 in The P2H2 program was initiated in six Kathmandu. The theme of the program focused districts—Sunsari, Chitawan, Lalitpur, Kaski, on creating citizen friendly environment Banke, and Kailai under the Crime Action Plan where the public gets police service without proposed by Crime Investigation Department fear and discrimination (Khatri, 2017).
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 107 Challenges of Community Policing • Inability to use information technology All the police trainings in Nepal—basic to advanced, • Individual Interest theory and practice of policing focus on crime • Work as mediation centres investigation and maintaining law and order and • Traditional police organizational structure security management but hardly on community • Limited partnership with the community policing. “Police in Community Service” (door to (Khatri, 2013) door program) was introduced in 1982 with great fanfare and enthusiasm and undeniably addressed Based on these above mentioned challenges, important community concerns and problems but Community Security Division conducted six failed to change the basic values and operation seminars at regional level and two interaction and finally disappeared itself. New community programs at national level to gauge and collect policing initiative was re-launched in Maharajgunj suggestions and advice from the community Kathmandu in 1994 as a pilot project and expanded policing stakeholders, police leaders and managers, all over Nepal. The formation, function and members of NGOs and INGOs, community police activities of community policing are same for 35 and community members for strengthening and years. There are many more community policing restructuring community policing under the Crime challenges that Nepal Police has been facing since Action Plan 2071/074 in 2015. The participants and its inception. These challenges are: respondents provided important suggestions and advice for restructuring of community policing. • Lack of policy and laws on community policing There were many more important suggestions • Disintegration of community police service and advice to reform or restructure community centre from police organization policing in Nepal. The important and need to be • Limited resources aPolitical influence and applied suggestions and advice are: interference • Formation of new community policing policy • Renewal of community service centres and law • Lack of knowledge, skills and ability of • Restructuring of police organization that community policing support community policing • Distribution of adequate resources • Police personnel—traditional selection, recruitment, training, posting, and promotion. • Assignment of educated, trained, skilled and positively motivated police personnel • Leadership and their resistance to change • Establishment of extended partnership • Community police service centres as parallel between the police and the public units of local police offices • Use of information technology for crime • Dual chain of command and command control prevention • Lack of research and planning • Use of problem solving model based on • Negative attitude and behaviour of police and research and planning (Project Report on public both Community Policing Strengthening and • Lack of monitoring and evaluation Restructuring, 2015)
108 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Prahari Hamro Tolema Karyakram: The Karyakram Sanchalan Nirdeshika, 2074” (k|x/L xfd|f] Way Forward for Community Policing: 6f]ndf sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&$) are:
Nepal Police has been exercising community • To provide information to the community policing for 35 years but implementation part is about the police service and crime prevention still very weak. Based on the above mentioned tips and take complains and suggestions. suggestions and advice provided by the • To deliver police service to the door of the respondents and participants in seminars and community. interaction programs, Nepal Police initiated • To maintain strong partnership, cooperation, strengthening and restructuring process of and coordination between the police and community policing and presented a proposal to community in three levels—Tole, Local Police Ministry of Home Affairs. The Ministry of Home Office, and District. Affairs included community policing restructuring program into the Home Administration Reform • To involve the community into the policing. Roadmap 2074. Serial Number 26 describes that the • To use information technology in policing. new community policing guideline will be written • To conduct research and planning for crime and implemented effectively with the direct help prevention. of community and cooperation, coordination and • To maintain records. partnership between the police and community. • To use problem solving techniques for crime Based on the roadmap, Home Minister Janardan prevention. Sharma inaugurated “Prahari Hamro Tolema” Karyakram (Police in our Neighborhood) focusing • To increase effectiveness in crime prevention, on the main slogan “Shanti Surakshya ra Sushasan, criminal investigation, and maintaining law Janamaitri Prahari ra Prashasan” (zflGt ;'/Iff and order maintain. / ;'zf;g, hgd}qL k|x/L / k|zf;g) on September • To increase awareness about safety and 22, 2017 in Kathmandu. “Prahari Hamro Tolma security of the community (Prahari Hamro Karyakram Sanchalan Nirdeshika, 2074” (k|x/L Tolma Karyakram Sanchalan Nirdeshika, xfd|f] 6f]ndf sfo{qmd ;~rfng lgb]{lzsf, @)&$) 2074). submitted by the Nepal Police was approved by There are community police divisions and the Home Ministry level decision on October 15, community police sections in order to fulfil the 2017. This guideline will replace the Community above mentioned objectives of Prahari Hamro Police Operational Guideline, 2069 . This focuses Tolma Karyakram. Additional community police on strong partnership between the police and the sections will be expanded to Metropolitan Police community and community policing operation. If Circle (if necessary metropolitan police sector), this program is implemented in a proper way, it Area Police Office and Ward Police Offices. will lead to a paradigm shift in the Nepal Police. Community policing will work under the following The objectives of the “Prahari Hamro Tolma organizational structure:
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 109 Organizational Structure of Prahari Hamro Tolema Karyakram
Source: Prahari Hamro Tolema Karyakram Sanchalan Nirdesika, 2074
Expected Outcome of Prahari Hamro Tolema Karyakram • Police service will be delivered directly to the It is expected that the introduction of the new door of the community initiative Prahari Hamro Tolema Karyakram will • Awareness on local security and safety will be enhance or positively impact policing operation. increased. The expected outcomes of this program are: • Effectiveness in crime prevention, crime • Partnership, coordination, and cooperation investigation and maintaining law and order. will be increased between the police and the community. • The involvement of the community in the policing will be increased. • The gap will be narrowed and better trust will be built between the police and the • Local resources will be used in crime community. prevention.
110 CID MAGAZINE 2074 • The data record will be maintained. To this end, Nepal Police, which was established • Research and planning will be used for crime in 1955, has been implementing community policing model for 35 years. Community policing prevention. was introduced in Nepal in 1982 and 1994 with • Problem solving model will be used for crime the objective of bridging the gap between the prevention. police and the community, building the trust, and • Crime rate will decrease. providing police service effectively to the people they serve. New efforts were made to strengthen Risk factors of effective implemen- community policing. However, community policing tation of Prahari Hamro Tolema has been facing challenges such as inadequate policy, limited resources, disintegrated community Karyakram police service centre from main policing system, Community policing in Nepal has come a long political influence, resistance to change, way in 35 years. Community policing initiatives traditional organization structure, etc. Based on applied in the past were not successful due to the recommendations provided by respondents and participants of the seminar and interaction failure by authorities to localize the concept into with different stakeholders and experienced the Nepali context. Nepal Police is adopting new challenges, Nepal Police has again introduced a initiative of community policing called Prahari new initiative of community policing system called Hamro Tolema program. It is a resource consuming “Prahari Hamro Tolema” this year. This program program. There are many factors that affect its also requires a lot of resources, manpower, training effective implementation of Prahari Hamro Tolema activities, organizational management, etc. The Karyakram. The following factors decrease the risk: Prahari Hamro Tolema Program is both challenge opportunity for Nepal police. • Eagerness and support of police leaders to implement new initiative of community Police’s prime responsibility is to serve the community understanding the community’s needs policing in time, and demands. Practical application of this new • Allocation of sufficient budget, initiative “Prahari Hamro Tolema Program” can • Conducive administrative environment, only be accomplished through a comprehensive understanding of community policing as a new • Allocation of resources such as police philosophy and organizational strategy that personnel and equipment, promotes partnership between the police and • Training to foster sensitization on community community for crime related problem solving policing for police and community members, through research and planning using information and technology. • Proper partnership, cooperation, coordination Reference between the police and local government. • Braga A, Winship C. (2014). The salience of Conclusion social context factors in appraisals of police Nepal police is the main government’s main interactions with citizens: A randomized organization entrusted with preventing and factorial experiment. In Journal of Quantitative investigating crime, maintaining law and order. Criminology.
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 111 • Community Police Service Operational • Peak, K. J., & Glensor. R. W. (1996). Community Directive, 2069. policing and problem solving: Strategies and practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall • Daniels, M. (2015). The importance of police Inc. training and it’s affect on community. In police training. https://www.slideshare.net/ • Philip, P. R. (2013). Friends of police (FOP): A MichaelDaniels47/the-importance-of-police- concept for empowerment and a movement training-and-its-affect-on-communities in community policing. In A. Verma, D. K. Das, and M. Abraham (Eds). Global community • Das, D. K. and Verma, A. (2003). Police mission policing: problems and challenges. London: challenges and responses. Maryland: Dilip K. CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group. Das and Arvind Verma. • Prahari Hamro Tolema Karyakram Sanchalan • Kharti, M. B. (2013). Community policing in Nirdeshika, 2074. Nepal: Challenges and prospects. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Tribhuvan University. • Thapa, G. P. (1998). Community police: In the context of Nepal and Japan. In S. J. Mals, • Khatri, M. B. (2017). Concept of community A.S.Shah, and C.B.Shrestha (Eds.), Community policing: Its present situation and areas policing in Nepal (pp. 172-176). Kathmandu: of improvement in Kathmandu district. DFID and Nepal Police Headquarters. Unpublished working paper, National Police Academy Kathmandu. • Trojanowicz, R. & Bucqueroux, B. (1998). Community policing: How to get started (2nd • Lama, P. B. (1983). Police in community Edition). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing service. In, Police in community service (pp. Co. 7-8). Kathmandu: Police Headquarters. • Trojanowicz, R. and Bucqueroux, B. (1990). • Lama, D.B. (2007). Sangharsako lamo yatrama Community policing: A contemporary mera jeevanka ukali oraliharu [Ups and downs perspective. Cincinnati, Ohio: Anderson of my life in the long journey of struggle]. Publishing Co. Kathmandu: Basundhara and Sabitri Lama. • Wisler, D. and Onwudiwe, I. D. (2009). • Lawrence, S. and McCarthy, B. (2013). What Rethinking police and society: Community works in community policing? California: The policing in comparison. In D. Wisler and I. Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute. D. Onwudiwe (Eds). Community policing: • National Police Agency. (2010). The white International patterns and comparative paper on police 2010. http://www.npa.go.jp/ perspectives (pp. 1- 18). New York: Taylor and hajusyo/h22/english/White_Paper_2010.pdf Francis Group.
112 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Digital Forensics: A Unified Approach For Investigation of Computer/ Cyber Related Crime
We live in a technologically driven society, where computer related attacks are extensively elevated and digital evidence has become a routine part of criminal cases. Digital forensics is an emerging field and courts have had to deal with tremendous amount of digital evidence related cases over the past decade. There is an urgent need to hold perpetrators of such crimes accountable and successfully summon them. Digital forensics is the process of acquiring Himal Ojha this digital evidence to be used in cases in courts. Digital forensics is the science of acquiring, retrieving, preserving, analyzing and presenting data that has been processed electronically and stored on digital media. It is a comparatively new discipline with the potential to greatly affect specific types of investigations and prosecutions. Like Digital forensics is still in its any other forensic disciplines, the evidence produced from empirical stage as a field and the investigative process of Digital Forensics must be able new ways of analyzing and to endure the austerity of a courtroom. defining its resultant digital Forensic computing and computer forensics are usually seen evidence is continually being synonymous by practitioners and is usually distinguished developed and exemplified. from computational forensics, which is directed at the use of computing technology in forensics. Digital forensics is an extension of computer forensics, incorporating not only computers but also to any digital electronic technology, from mobile phones to printers. Digital forensics is a very broad subject with various activities and has been categorized in numerous ways such as: code analysis, media analysis, and network analysis. Based on the domain of evidence, digital forensics is generally categorized into three areas:
# The author is a Cyber Security/ Digital Forensics Consultant to Nepal Telecommunications Authority and Nepal Police and also CEO of Caspar Nepal (Nepal’s First Cyber Security and Digital Forensics Company).
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 113 s Desktop and laptop computers, media private investigating company) providing this storage, and file system (hard drives, optical service must be capable and prepared to detect disks, and floppy disks) and respond cyber crime incidents in a skilled and s Networks, routers, servers, tapes and efficient manner. It is a post-event response to an computer memory, incident. The examination will have to be conduced in a formalized, systematic and legal manner to s Mobile, handheld and embedded systems. make sure that the evidence is admissible in the In addition, four basic operational distinctions court of law. Such capability is the combination of provide a useful way to specify approaches: technically skilled people, policies and techniques to constitute a proactive way for handling cyber s Live or not (i.e. volatile or static, loosely crime incidents. The general procedures that contrasting information in memory which should be followed to have these capabilities are is lost when power is unavailable with and not limited to: information that persists in media storage such as disk and tape) s Provide proper training for personnel of teams. s Free and open source software (FOSS) or closed and proprietary (an imperfect but s Make sure that personnel are aware of the understandable dichotomy) types of evidence usually experienced and the proper handling of evidence. s Multimedia or not (i.e. sensor-based system and indeterminate, or finite system and s The lab should be equipped with the proper determinate) updated equipment and forensic tools s File based or not (i.e. oriented towards files required for all operating systems and all or bulk data analysis, regardless of partition system files for investigation. structure and file system metadata). These principles have immediate and important Other classifications and specialties may be practical implications for digital forensics apparent for professional practice (e.g. electronic practitioners. For example, a forensic practitioner discovery in a corporate context or incident investigating a desktop computer would follow response for security), techniques and procedures certain steps such as avoiding turning off the (e.g. network analysis, text mining), specific media computer if it is turned on, would remove the and hardware (e.g. optical discs and flash media), hard drive from the computer if it is turned off. specific types of digital objects and applications The hard drive would then be attached to specially (e.g. emails). configured forensic computer enabling imaging of the drive for a bit to bit copy to analyze the contents The core forensic processes is outlined as follows: of the disks. In order to make sure that the forensic s Acquire the evidence without altering or computer doesn’t alter the contents of the subject damaging the original; disk, forensic write-blocker would be attached. At the time of capture it is common for hash values s Establish and determine that the examined (akin to digital fingerprints) to be created for the evidence is the same as that which was originally obtained, maintain an audit trail or entire disk and for each of the digital objects other records; (files) contained within it. If a digital object is subjected to the same hashing algorithm at a later s Analyze the evidence in an accountable and date and the same hash value is obtained, it may repeatable fashion. be concluded that the object has not changed. In order to carry out digital forensics investigation, Other functionalities include: file viewing, analysis the organizations (law enforcement agency/ of file signatures, analyzing registry, date-time
114 CID MAGAZINE 2074 interpretation, identification of known files (e.g. prepared series of codes of practice for legal operating system files) by means of hash libraries, admissibility and evidential weight of digital data extraction, file export, searching, indexing, information. bookmarking, timeline visualization, logging, Digital forensics is an emerging and extensive field, and reporting, all of which are to be undertaken which converges with preservation in a number of according to forensically sound principles. Proper ways. It is difficult to provide a complete summary, chain-of custody will have to be maintained and conclusions are at best provisional given the throughout the entire process. rapid development in both fields. Digital forensics Digital forensic practitioners and scientists are is still is in its empirical stage as a field and new expected to meet specific standards in order to ways of analyzing and defining its resultant digital satisfy legal authorities. Forensic technologies evidence is continually being developed and are regularly justified in court. This stimulates an exemplified. This along with the legal, ethical ongoing and independent and rigorous assessment and investigative aspects of the field need to be of tools, and means that practitioners can have versatile enough to adapt to the technological significant confidence in tested digital forensic setting in which it is based. Digital forensics tools, tools. Such confidence is always provisional methodologies and laws all work together to make however, and techniques still have to be applied the field viable in tackling the scourge of cyber properly. Standards for handling and processing related criminal activity. digital evidence have emerged mainly from law enforcement and associated organizations. Technology is changing in nature and its use by Notable examples include guidelines produced by members of society has increased, resulting in the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) in the demands for forensic investigators. Digital the UK and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) crimes are becoming more complex as technology in the USA. Another source of guidance is the develops thus practitioners, their methodology International Organization on Digital Evidence. and the tools they employ must be able to keep Similarly, British Standards Institution (BSI) has abreast with the criminal minds.
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 115 Money Laundering: A Burning Issue
Introduction/Background: Lal Bahadur Dhami Inspector of Nepal Police Generating large amounts of money by an individual or Investigation and Analysis, CID groups by carrying out criminal activities such as drug trafficking, smuggling, human trafficking, corruption, ransom money, tax evasion, black marketing, which are disguised to conceal their illicit origin and converted into legitimate funds and assets is money laundering. Money laundering is the process by which proceeds from a criminal activity are disguised to conceal their illicit origin. More precisely, according to Vienna Convention and Palermo Convention provisions on money laundering, it may encompass three distinct The emerging trends in alternative actus reas: (1) the conversion or transfer, money laundering seen in knowing such property is the proceeds of crime present scenario, are currency (11) the concealment or disguise of the true nature, exchange, trans border money source, location, disposition, movement or ownership laundering, banking frauds, of or rights with respect to property, knowing that corruption, extortion, real estate, such property is the proceeds of crime; and (111) the tax evasion etc. acquisition, possession or use of property, knowing at the time of the receipt, that such property is the proceeds of crime. Today money laundering is a global issue and every year, huge amount of funds are generated from illegal activities. These funds are mostly in the form of cash. Criminals who generate these funds need to bring them into the legitimate financial system. Illegal or ‘dirty money” is put through a cycle or series of transactions or “washed” to convert the money to clean or ‘legal” money. Thus the dirty money has to pass through different stages before it becomes clean.
116 CID MAGAZINE 2074 There are three stages of money laundering. They are: (3) Integration: (1) Placement: It is the last stage of money laundering Illegal funds or assets are first brought into the process. The cleaned funds can now be financial system. This placement makes the made available for investing in legitimate funds more liquid. Money launderers place or illegitimate businesses. Thus, the original illegal funds using a variety of techniques “dirty” money has achieved the appearance like depositing cash into bank accounts or of legitimacy. purchasing insurance products and using cash Money launderers use different methods to hide to purchase assets. illegal origin of money such as: shell company, shell (2) Layering: bank, offshore bank, front company, structuring To conceal the illegal origin of the placed or smurfing , hawala system, currency exchange , funds and thus make them more useful , purchasing valuable assets, buying, winning tickets, the funds have to be moved, dispersed and using charities, nominees and also use gatekeepers disguised. This activity is known as layering. to hide identity of source and beneficiaries. In this stage money launderers apply different Money laundering issues are widespread in techniques to layer the funds using multiple Nepal.These individuals and groups are politically banks and accounts, having professionals act exposed persons, senior government/judicial/ as intermediaries and transecting through military officers, leaders of the political parties, corporations and trusts. This helps the contractors, real estate businessman, transit launderers to disguise the origin of the funds. traders etc.
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 117 There are many negative effects on national standard setting and compliance monitoring economy, society and politics caused by money body.It had issued 40+9 Recommendations laundering. Money laundering brings problems on money laundering and terrorist financing in tax evasion, economic downfall, market Price in 1990 and 2001,whish is revised as the FATF inflation, increase of internal conflict, poverty, standards of ML/TF/ PF in 2012 and has 37 black marketing, inviting crimes as weapons members and number of international and proliferation, individual killings, ransom, increment regional observers. of extremism, rise of gangsters, extortion, and to terrorism. 2. The Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) International efforts in anti-money APG is an autonomous FSRB founded in laundering 1997 in Bangkok,Thailand consisting of 41 members and other international and The international community has made the fight regional organizations as observers. APG against money laundering and the financing of members and observers are committed to the terrorism a priority with efforts made to protecting effective implementation and enforcement of the integrity and stability of the international AML/CFT, international standards. All SAARC financial system, blocking of the resources countries are members of the APG. Nepal available to terrorists, and making it more difficult became a member of the APG in 2002. for those engaged in crime to profit from their criminal activities. The IMF’s unique blend of Status of Money Laundering in Nepal: universal membership, surveillance functions, The FATF welcomes Nepal’s significant progress and financial sector expertise make it an integral in improving AML/CFT regime and notes that and essential component of international efforts to combat money laundering and the financing Nepal has established the legal and regulatory of terrorism ( AML/CFT). The objectives of AML/ framework to meet its commitments and action CFT are protection of financing system, preventing plan regarding the strategic deficiencies that the criminals from enjoying the proceeds of crime and FATF has identified in February 2010. Nepal is preventing criminals to build formidable economic working with APG as it continues to address the powers and challenge the stability. full range of AML/CFT issues. The emerging trends in money laundering seen in present scenario, 1. Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and other are currency exchange, trans border money international efforts: laundering, banking frauds, corruption, extortion, Over the years, many international community real estate, tax evasion etc. The efforts has been members have made combined efforts on initiated by department of Money Laundering combating the threat of money laundering Investigation to counter AML/CFT. Number of and terrorist financing. These initiatives cases has been reported and Department of include the efforts of UNO and other regional Money Laundering Investigation (DMLI) has organizations, World Bank, IMF, ADB, OECD, Egmont group of FIUs and FATF and FATF registered 39 cases. The court issued verdicts in 23 Style Regional bodies (FSRBs). The Financial cases, out of them the accusations were proved in Action Task Force(FATF) was established at 19 cases. Central Investigation Bureau(CIB), Nepal the G-7 summit in Paris in 1989 as an inter- Police alone has investigated 7 cases against 22 governmental body to develop a coordinated accused among them Niranjan Hojai alias Nirmal international response to the threats of Rai (Indian national) NRS. 131,529,780.02, amount money laundering (ML) Terrorist Financing/ was claimed against him and found convicted is Proliferation Financing. It is basically the one of the bright example.
118 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Anti money laundering prevention value, and fines(five times of the proceeds). legal provisions in Nepal Corporate Criminal Liability(legal person) Objective: Money Laundering: confiscation of proceeds To provide for prevention of money laundering and or corresponding value, and fines up to ten terrorist financing. The bill came in to enactment times the proceeds. in 28 janaury, 2008 was amendment twice in 2011 Terrorist Financing: Confiscation of proceeds & 2014 respectively. or corresponding value, and fines up to 25 times the proceeds, Compensation or Money Laundering Prevention Rules 2009. Money recovery of loss or License revocation, other laundering prevention(Listing, Seizing, Freezing) barriers and liquidation. rules 2013. Jurisdiction: Nepal may extend globally if the person or proceeds has connection. Predicate Offences: The Regulatory Bodies: Offences that are committed to illegally earn/ s The Nepal Rastra Bank(NRB), The Security generate money or income or property are Board of Nepal ( SEBON) predicate offences. FATF has listed the designated categories of predicate offences. Different countries s Insurance Board, Department of Cooperatives, have different practices such as threshold-or list Other FIU,s or DNFBP’s. based or blanket approaches, but they include all Law Enforcement and other Component FATF designated offences and Nepal has adopted a Authorities: list-based approach, which includes: Financial Information Unit (FIU), Department 1. Any offence under the prevailing laws : of Money Laundering Investigation (DMLI), participation in an organized crime, terrorist Commission for the Investigation of the Abuse act and terrorism, human trafficking and of Authority (CIAA), Nepal Police, Revenue migrant smuggling in any form, sexual Investigation Department(RID), Tax, Customs and exploitation including of children, illicit Immigration authorities, Judiciaries, Prosecutors, trafficking in narcotic drugs, illicit trafficking MLA Central Authority, Assets Recovery Authority. in arms and ammunition, illicit trafficking in AML/CFT Related Authorities in Nepal stolen goods, corruption and bribery, fraud, forgery, counterfeiting of coins and currency, Policy and Coordination Mechanism: National piracy of products, environmental crime, Coordination Committee ( chaired by the Secret ary, murder, grievous bodily harm, kidnapping, Ministry of Finance), Implementation Committee ( illegal restrain or hostage taking, theft or Chaired by the Deputy Governor),Legal Supervisory, robbery, smuggling (including custom, excise Investigation, International Cooperation, Technical and revenue), tax evasion, extortion, market Sub-Committees. manipulation, black marketing, consumer Nepalese sanction regime: or criminal liability: protection, election, ancient monument conservation, forest, national park and wild If Nepali citizen indulges in money laundering animals, communication, broadcasting, they can face 2 to 10 years imprisonment, and advertising, transportation, education, confiscation of proceeds or corresponding value, health, medicine, foreign employment, firm, and mandatory fines (two times the proceeds). partnership, company, association, real estate In terrorist financing 3 to 20 years imprisonment, and property, lottery, gambling, donation, and confiscation of proceeds or corresponding citizenship, immigration and passport.
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 119 2. Offence of terrorist financing pursuant to of proceeds for which all FIU’s and Reporting Section 4. entities, strategically in proper action plan and effective implementation and all law enforcement 3. Any other offences as designated by the Govt authorities made to aware and educate, of Nepal by publishing a notice in the Nepal institutions need to attack criminal or terrorist Gazette, or organization through its financial activities and use 4. An offence under the law of foreign state, in the financial trail to identify various components relation to act or omission under paragraph of the criminal or terrorist network. Employees (1), (2), or (3), which, had they occurred in periodic training enhances front line staff capacity Nepal, would have constituted an offence. to monitor transactions, suspected transactions Conclusion report/threshold transaction report) STR/TTR, and provide customer education, customer due Money Laundering is the process of taking ‘dirty” diligence, customer identification procedure, funds and converting in to the ‘clean" funds. Money identify customer risk profile and also effective laundering and terrorist financing is a global issue. monitoring customer transactions. An effective anti-money laundering/ counter financing of terrorism framework must therefore Reference: address both risk issues. It must prevent, detect, s AML/CFT online course, NMB, and punish illegal funds entering the financial s DMLI system by seizing, freezing and confiscation s CIB.
120 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Wildlife Crime Investigation
Environmental crime is a serious and growing global problem from which we all will be affected. Different international agencies like Interpol, G8, United Nations Inter regional Crime and Justice Research Institute among many has described Environmental Crimes out of which a part is about DSP Anupam SJB Rana illegal wildlife trade. Central Investigation Bureau The illegal wildlife trade is a global threat. Species are poached and harvested at increasingly unsustainable levels. Wildlife crime has become the fourth most lucrative illegal business after narcotics, human trafficking and weapons. From fashion to furniture, food to pets, the products of wildlife and forests crime may be hidden in plain Nepal Police from the past sight-part of our everyday lives, all over the world. has performed a vital role In more than eight years of involvement of CIB in on controlling the wildlife conservation, we have seen large scale criminal related crimes by assisting law activities which has become most urgent threat to all the stakeholders involved in controlling enforcement officials of district and combating wildlife crimes for which CIB also forest and national park offices educates the community where such crimes take in arrest, seizure of criminals place. and investigative support. Nepal Police from the past has performed a vital role on controlling the wildlife related crimes by assisting law enforcement officials of district forest and national park offices inarrest, seizure of criminals and investigative support. Pillar-4 dedicated to environmental crime control came into existence in CIB since its establishment. Sharing of information and coordination with different stakeholder's impact has led to the deduction of wildlife trade and minimizing the poaching of wildlife animals. CIB does not limit only in the seizure and arrest activities; more active participation in the empowerment and capacity building in the field of wildlife crime control activities is undertaken.
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 121 122 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Leopard Skin Red Panda Skin
Some Seizures Eurasian Lichen Owl
Tiger Skin Ivory
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 123 Successful Stories:
Rajkumar Parja, involved in poaching and trading 2016 and handed to District Forest Office, of rhino horn in large numbers was arrested Dhading for investigation). Shatoosh is a wool after issuance of Interpol Red Notice and which are collected after illegally killing of sentenced to 15 years in imprisonment and one Tibetian antelopes. It is illegal to trade Shatoosh lakh fine. as per Wild Life Act 2029 and CITES(Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). 1150 kgs of Shatoosh (Wool of Tibetan antelope) Estimated cost of seized shatoosh was about 5000 along with 6 people were arrested on January million rupees in international market.
Seized
Shatoosh Wool
Future Strategy: s Capacity building of police personnel's in wild life crime Going Global: investigation at smaller units for which training need assessment has Criminals exploit gaps in already been conducted. legislation, law enforcement and s TOT course on wildlife illegal trade; the criminal justice system to facilitated by National Police minimize such gaps sharing of Academy will soon take place which information and technologies aims to develop quality trainers to among global stakeholders is a deliver orientation programmes must which has resulted in many in smaller police units in different success. states. s Publication of SPECIES manual to identify flora and fauna.
124 CID MAGAZINE 2074 pNn]vgLo ck/fw cg';Gwfg
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 125 126 CID MAGAZINE 2074 Jofkf/Lsf] ckx/0fkZrft xTof ul/Psf] ck/fw cg';Gwfg
@)&# c;f/ ldlt @)&$ h]7 @& ut] bfª, cg';Gwfgsf qmddf cleo'Qmx¿n] t'n;Lk'/af6 %@ jifL{o :yfgLo Jofkf/ o'jtLsf] k|of]u u/L kLl8t;Fu Social JojzfoL /fhs'df/ >]i7sf] ckx/0f Media dfkm{t glhs eO{ k|]dsf] gf6su/L u/L ;Nofg 5q]Zj/Ldf ul/Psf] xTofsf] of]hgfa4¿kdf Ransom Motive n] ck/fw cg';Gwfg O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no ckx/0fu/L xTof ul/Psf] tYo v'Ng t'n;Lk'/, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, bfª, cfPsf] lyof] . s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f], dxfgu/Lo o; 36gfn] kl5Nnf] ;dodf tLa|¿kdf ck/fw dxfzfvf sf7df8f}+af6 kl/rflnt ;x/Ls/0f eO/x]sf 7fpFx¿df cfly{s cg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] ;+o'Qm k|of;af6 ultljlwdf klg ;f]xLcg';f/ a[l4 eO/x]sf] 36gfdf ;+nUg d'Vo of]hgfsf/;lxt / o;}nfO{ nlIft u/L u'G8fubL{, c;'nL, !! hgf cleo'Qmx?nfO{ k|qmfp u/L ckx/0f, lkm/f}tLsf a9\g] Trend df /x]sf] ;kmn cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] 5 . 36gfsf b]vfPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ k|ljlw, ;fdflhs ;DaGwdf ;Ddflgt lhNnf cbfnt ;~hfnsf] b'¿kof]u tyf cdof{lbt ;Nofgaf6 cGtl/d km};nf eO{ lgh ;fdflhs ;DaGwn] cem} hl6n klg cleo'Qmx¿nfO{ k'k{Ifsf nflu sf/fuf/ agfPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . rnfg;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 127 Snf]g DofUg]l6s sf8{ k|of]u u/L ul/Psf] s/f]8f}+ /sd rf]/L 36gf
@)&# r}t, kl5Nnf] ;dodf d'Vo ;x/L If]qdf a}+lsª / cfly{s ;d"xsf JolQmx¿ / @ hgf ef/tLo gful/sx¿ ck/fwsf 36gfx¿ al9/x]sf] ;Gbe{df ck/fw /x]sf lyP . cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg ljlzi6Ls[t k|x/L PsfOx¿nfO{ o; k|sf/sf] ck/fw cg';Gwfg ug{ s]Gb|Lt ul/Psf] kqmfpsf avt;Dd lghx¿n] gofFlbNnLsf] $ kl/df0f:j¿k sf7df8f}+nufot ef/tsf 7"nf j6f sk8f k;naf6 ef/tLo ¿k}ofF # nfv, sf:sL kf]v/fl:yt l6sf l/;f]6{af6 @ s/f]8, Joj;fo ;~rfngdf /x]sf Point of sell Machine af6 laB'tLo sf8{x¿ 8]la6 sf8{, qm]l86 sf8{, sf7df8f}+ If]qkf6Ll:yt l8 ;f]lelgo/af6 #) ;]So'l/6L sf8{, lk|k]8 sf8{ / Anfªs sf8{sf] nfv, sf7df8f}+ rfjlxnl:yt rfFbgL Hj]n;{af6 lst]{ u/L s/f]8f}+ /sd rf]/L ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg $& nfv, eQmk'/l:yt kf}/flgs yfGsf tyf ;+ul7t lu/f]xsf * hgf cleo'Qmx¿nfO{ dfnfaf6 $% nfv / sf7df8f}+ dxf/fhuGhl:yt dxfgu/Lo ck/fw dxfzfvfsf] k|x/L cg';Gwfg lnSjfo/ sDkgLaf6 $ nfv ¿k}ofF :jLk u/L 6f]nLåf/f Point of sell Machine tyf DofUg]l6s lgsfn]sf] k|df0f v'Ng cfPsf] lyof] . sf8{ nufotsf k|df0f;lxt sf7df8f}+sf ljleGg o;sf cltl/Qm sf7df8f}+ l;6L ;]G6/df /x]sf] :yfgaf6 @)&#, r}t ^ ut] kqmfp ul/Psf] lyof] . cl88f; ;f]?dsf] :jLk d]l;gaf6 k|To]s lbg !) kqmfp kg]{ cleo'Qmx¿dWo] ^ hgf sf7df8f}+, nfv / pkTosfl:yt ljleGg Sofl;gf]df /x]sf :jLk nlntk'/, bf]nvf / sfe|]knfGrf]s 3/ eO{ d]l;gaf6 k|To]s lbg %) nfv ¿k}ofF;Dd lgsfNg] sf7df8f}+ a;f]af; ug]{ @# b]lv #@ jif{ pd]/ of]hgf;d]t agfPsf] tYo kfOPsf] lyof] .
128 CID MAGAZINE 2074 lgolGqt nfu"cf}ifw vft -KHAT_ cf];f/ k;f/ ;~hfn cg';Gwfg tyf kqmfp
@)&$ d+l;/ nfu" cf}ifw lgoGq0f Jo"/f]af6 kl/rflnt k|x/L Drug of Abuse sf] ¿kdf juL{s/0f u/]sf] 5 cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] ljut nfdf] ;dosf] ;"rgf h;sf] k|of]un] Psychological Dependence ;+sng Pj+ lgu/fgLkZrft klxnf] k6s ldlt pTkGg u/fpF5 . vft -KHAT_ df CATHINE @)&$.)&.@* ut] sf7df8f}+ 7d]nl:yt Ps -Norpseudoephedrine_ eGg] /;fog kfOG5, sfuf] k|f=ln= dfkm{t Green Tea elg clk|msg h'g AMPHETAMINE h:t} STIMULANT
d'n's O{yf]lkofaf6 g]kfn x'Fb} o'/f]lkog d'n's xf] . o'/f]k cd]l/sfnufotsf d'n'sx¿df vft g]b/Nof08 k7fpg nfluPsf] lgolGqt jg:klt cj}w 3f]lift ul/Psf] 5 . vftsf] b'Jo{;gLn] vft -KHAT_ sf] ;'s]sf] kft * s]=hL= ;lxt ef]s gnfUg], Euphoria, Constipation, Ulcers, tLg hgf ;f]dflnog gful/sx¿ kqmfp Depression, Insomnia x'Fb} cGtdf Cancer ;d]t k/]sf 5g\ . lgolGqt dgf]l2ks nfu"cf}ifw vft x'g] hf]lvd /xG5 . cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf g]kfndf -Khat_ clk|msg d'n'saf6 g]kfn x'+b} o'/f]k Pj+ z/0ffyL{sf] ¿kdf g]kfndf /x]sf ;f]dflnog cd]l/sg d'n'sx¿df cj}w sf/f]af/ eO/x]sf] gful/sx¿ clk|msg d'n'saf6 g]kfn xF'b} o'/f]lkog eGg] ;"rgfnfO{ Jo'/f]n] k|fyldstfdf /fvL lg/Gt/ d'n'sx¿df cf];f/k;f/ ug{ ;+ul7t ¿kdf ;lqmo cgg';Gwfg / lgu/fgL u/L g]kfndf klxnf] k6s /x]sf] tYo v'n]sf] lyof] . sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog, pQm cj}w sf/f]af/df ;+nUg ;+ul7t lu/f]xnfO{ b08xLgtfsf] cGTo / ck/fwsf] lgoGq0f tyf kqmfp ug{ Jo'/f]nfO{ ;kmntf ldn]sf] xf] . cg';Gwfgsf] ;Gbe{df g]kfn k|x/Lsf] lg/Gt/ vft -KHAT_nfO{ UN Convention on cys k|of;sf] k|ltkmn:j¿k ;QfO{; jif{kl5 Psychotropic Substances, 1971 sf] Schedule ;d]t ck/fwLx¿ sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf cfPsf] tYon] -III_ df /flvPsf] 5, h;nfO{ g]kfnn] sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog u/L cfk/flws ;d]t Incorporate u/]sf] 5 . vft -KHAT_ dgf]j[lQ Go'gLs/0f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg Ps k|sf/sf] jg:ktL xf], h;nfO{ WHO n] u/]sf] 5 .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 129 ha/h:tL s/0fL d'2fdf km/f/ /x]sf k|ltafbLx¿ @& jif{kl5 kqmfp
@)&$ >fj0f s0f{ axfb'/ /fptsf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ lhNnf cbfntdf k]; u/L cbfntsf] cfb]zn] s}b k|ltjfbL /fd]Zj/ gu/sf]6L;d]t ePsf] ha/h:tL e'Qmfgsf] nflu s]G›Lo sf/fuf/ sfof{no, ;'Gwf/f s/0fL d'2fdf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt sf7df8f}+df k7fO{Psf] 5 . @)%).!).!# ut]sf] km};nfn] lhNnf sf7df8f}+ ldlt @)$&.)#.!% ut] /flt OG›rf]s dvg, sf=d=g=kf= !$ s'n]Zj/ a:g] k|ltjfbL /fd]Zj/ sf7df8f}+af6 af=c=r= (*)^ g+j/sf] ;jf/L–8«fO{leË gu/sf]6L / ;f]xL :yfgdf a:g] clgn yfkf;d]t l;Sg] k|ltjfbL /fd]Zj/ gu/sf]6L;d]tsf tLghgf b'O{ hgfnfO{ hgxL ! jif{ ^ dlxgf s}b ;hfo JolQmx¿n] Pshgf o'jtLnfO{ pQm uf8Ldf r9fO{ x'g] 7x/ eO{ b'j}hgf k|ltjfbLx¿ km/f/ /x]sf]df sLlt{k'/ SofDk;sf] xnleq k'¥ofO{ ha/h:tL s]G›Lo cg';Gwfg Ao"/f]sf] -CIB_ åf/f h3Go tyf uDeL/ k|sf/sf ck/fwx¿sf] cg';Gwfg s/0fL ubf{ o'jtL /f]O{ s/fO{ u/]sf] cfjfh tyf lg¿k0fdf ljz]if k|fyldstf lbO{ kl/rfng u:tLdf /x]sf] k|x/L 6f]nLn] ;'gL j/fbft :yndf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] lg/Gt/ vf]htnf; hfbf k|ltjfbLx¿ pQm ;jf/L ;fwgaf6 efuL tyf cg';Gwfg u/L n'sLl5kL a;]sf] cj:yfdf /x]sf] ha/h:tL s/0fL d'2fdf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf km/f/ cleo'Qmx¿nfO{ @)&$.)$.@@ ut] sl/a cbfntn] k|ltafbL /fd]Zj/ gu/sf]6L / clgn ;QfO{; jif{kl5 aNv', sf7df8f+}df km]nf kf/L yfkfnfO{ d'n'sL P]g ha/h:tL s/0fL dxnsf] % kqmfp u/L km};nf sfof{Gjogsf] nflu sf7df8f}+ gDa/ adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] 7x/ u/]sf] lyof] .
130 CID MAGAZINE 2074 pTs[i6 cg';Gwfgstf{ @)&#
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 131 132 CID MAGAZINE 2074 k|x/L lg/LIfs xl/ axfb'/ a:g]t s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]
pTs[i6 sfo{sf] ljj/0f
s s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]-CIB_ åf/f ul/Psf] “Operation Quack” sf] ;kmn sf/afxL tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{df cg';Gwfg clws[tsf] ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgaf{x u/]sf] . s o'jtLdfkm{t Honey Trap agfO{ CIB sf] k|x/L xf} eGb} ljleGg JolQmx¿nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ ckx/0f tyf z/L/ aGws agfO{ lkm/f}lt lng] lu/f]xsf] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]af6 vl6O{ ;kmn cg';Gwfg sf/afxL u/]sf] .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 133 k|x/L lg/LIfs clgn 7s'/L O{nfsf k|x/L sfof{no, xl/k'/ ;nf{xL
pTs[i6 sfo{sf] ljj/0f s nfu"cf}ifw lgoGq0f Ao"/f]af6 klxnf] k6s b'u{d lhNnf hfh/sf]6df ck|]zgdf vl6O{ pQm If]qaf6 klxnf] k6s nfu"cf}ifw clkmd a/fdb sf/f]af/L kqmfp u/L pQm lhNnfnufot ?s'd, 8f]Nkfh:tf cf;kf; lhNnfx¿ klg sensitize u/fO{ ;f] If]qdf nfu"cf}ifw clkmd sf/f]af/LnfO{ sfg'gsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg ;kmn e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] . s nfu"cf}ifw lgoGq0f Ao"/f]åf/f ul/Psf] Operation Pseudo -:o'8f]_ sf] ;kmn cg';Gwfgdf cg';Gwfg clws[tsf] ¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] .
134 CID MAGAZINE 2074 k|x/L gfoa lg/LIfs O{Zj/ axfb'/ yfkf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, sf:sL
pTs[i6 sfo{sf] ljj/0f s ldlt @)&#.)%.)@ ut] :ofª\hf tLgbf]af6]–^ lrp/L uNnf le/df k|mfG;]nL gful/s Melanie Feranande Odette sf] ;l8un]sf] cj:yfdf nfz k]mnf k/]sf] ;DaGwdf klZrd If]qLo k|x/L sfof{noaf6 u7g ul/Psf] 5fglag 6f]lndf ;xefuL eO{ i2 Software sf] ;d]t k|of]u u/L operational data analysis åf/f cg';Gwfgdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/L cg';GwfgnfO{ ;xL lbzflgb]{z ug{ pNn]vgLo e'ldsf v]n]sf] . s ldlt @)&$.)%.@) ut] ¿kGb]xLsf] ltnf]Qdf–% d0fLu|fdl:yt b'uf{nfn e08f/Lsf] dfj{n ˆof6«Ldf uf]nL rnfPsf]df sfof{noaf6 cg';Gwfgsf] nflu vl6O{ uO{ pQm 36gfdf ;+nUgnfO{ lkm/f}tL /sd;lxt kfNkfaf6 kqmfp ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 135 k|x/L gfoa lg/LIfs u0f]z axfb'/ af]u6L dxfgu/Lo ck/fw dxfzfvf
pTs[i6 sfo{sf] ljj/0f s ldlt @)&#.^.!! ut] dfO{tL 3/ nlntk'/ uf]bfj/L–$ eO{ bf]nvf afa/]–( sL jif{–$* sL /flwsf yfkf sf7df8f}+ u0faxfnl:yt n'lDjgL u]i6xfp;sf] bf];|f] tnfsf] sf]7fdf d[t cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf] 36gfdf dxfgu/Lo ck/fw dxfzfvfaf6 vl6O{ ;"Id cg';Gwfg u/L 36gfdf ;+nUg bf]nvf 3/ eO{ sf7df8f}+ hl8j'6L a:g] aif{–#% sf] /fhg bfxfnnfO{ ldlt @)&#.&.! ut] sf]6]Zj/af6 kqmfp ug{ ;kmn . s ldlt @)&#.!!.@( ut] /ftLsf] ;dodf eQmk'/, sf]nfIf] 3/ ePsf /Tg;'Gb/ 5]u'tnfnfO{ :s'6/df 3/ cfO/x]sf] ;dodf eQmk'/ af]nfIf]l:yt @ hgf c1ft JolQmx¿ cfO{ 5ftLdf wfl/nf] xltof/ k|xf/ u/L 3fOt] agfO{ n8fPsf]df pkrf/sf] nflu eQmk'/ c:ktfn nluPsf]df pkrf/sf] qmddf 8fS6/n] d[t 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwfdf dxfgu/Lo ck/fw dxfzfvfaf6 cg';Gwfgsf] nflu kl/rflnt eO{ ldlxg cg';Gwfgaf6 36gfdf ;+nUg # hgf cleo'Qmx¿nfO{ kqmfp ug{ ;kmn .
136 CID MAGAZINE 2074 gful/s cfjfh
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 137 138 CID MAGAZINE 2074 klxn] k|x/Lsf] sfo{ cln s:tf] s:tf] nfUYof], t/ clxn] /fd|f] nflu/x]sf] 5 . klxn] k|x/Lb]lv cln 8/ nfUYof], t/ clxn] k|x/Lsf] ;fy /fd|f] 5 . clxn] xfd|} bfh'efO{ h:tf] glhs x'g dg nfU5 . cf;kf;df k|x/L b]v]kl5 8/ qf; x6\5 . Psrf]6L Ps bnfnn] d]/f] gub vfPlbPsf] lyof] . Tolta]nf d k|x/L ;dIf uPsf] lyPF . k|x/Ln] cg';Gwfg u/L d]/f] sfd ;kmn agfOlbPsf] lyof] . af6f]df lxFl8/x]sf] e/t sfsL{ a]nf laleGg lsl;dsf dfG5]x? x'G5g\ . d]nDrL xfnM k'tnL;8s, sf7df08f} slxn]sfxLF xfdLnfO{ ;'/Iffsf] cfjZostf kbf{ k|x/Lsf] pkl:ylt l5§} eOlbof];\ h:tf] nfU5 . klxn]eGbf clxn]sf] k|x/Lsf] sfd sf/afxL /fd|} b]v]sf] 5' . zflGt ;'/Iffdf k|x/Lsf] e'ldsf kl5Nnf] jif{x?df eGbf clxn] w]/} ;'wf/ ePsf] b]v]sf] 5' . zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug{ cyjf Gofo, ;dfgtf, ;fdflhs d"No / dfGotfnfO{ :yflkt u/fpg] sfo{sf] ;du|?kn] ljZn]if0f ug]{ xf] eg] k|x/LnfO{ cfnf]rgf ul/xfNg' kg]{ cj:yf b]lvFb}g . t/ k|x/L sfo{df aflx/L k|efj k/]sf] xf] ls h:tf] cg'ej ePsf] 5 . t/ k|x/Ln] hgtfsf] cj:yf a'em]/ hgtfsf] rfxgf cg';f/ sfo{ ul//x]sf] 5 . t/ kl5nf] ;do x]bf{ cToflws k|z+;f of]Uo gxf]nf t/ k|z+;f ug]{ cj:yf /Xof] . g]kfn k|x/Ln] l;ldt ;fwg ;|f]t lar h'g sfd u/]sf] 5 l8NnL/fd e08f/L /fd|} u/]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 / k|x/Lsf] e"ldsfnfO{ d emfkf k|z+;f u5{' . xfd|f] ;+:sf/df d}n] s] b]v]sf] 5' xfnM z+s/b]j SofDk; k'tnL;8s eg] sfg"g pn+ª\3g uof]{ eg] 7"nf] eOG5 eGg] ;+:sf/ plxn]b]lv g} rlncfPsf] 5 . t/ of] x'g'xF'b}g . ;du| ?kdf /fd|} b]v]sf] 5' .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 139 a;'Gwf/f 8fOgflds d]gkfj/sf dl5G› zdf{ gfd u/sf] JolQmn] d]/f] >LdfgnfO{ 6sL{ k7fOlbG5' elg 7uL u/]sf] /sd c;'n ug{ g;Sbf k|x/L kl/;/ 6]s' k'u]/ l/kf]6{ ug{ vf]Hbf l8P;kLn] tf]s gnufP;Dd lgj]bg lng ldNb}g eGg' eof] . 7uL n]gb]gdf k|x/Ln] s;}sf] ;d:of x]g]{ s;}sf] gx]g]{ Tof] rflx+ ePg oxfF -sf7df8f}+df_;]jf ;'lawf s]lx 5}g cfˆgf] 7fpF -ufpF_df ePsf] eP eGg / af]Ng kfOGYof] . 7uL ug]{ JolQmnfO{ k|x/Lsf] 8/ g} 5}g . To;nfO{ clxn];Dd s]xL x'g ;s]sf] zf/bf l;hfnL du/ 5}g . k|x/L;dIf cfPsf] 8]9 dlxgf eO;Sof] 6Lsfk'/ s}nfnL oxfFsf] k|x/Ln] s]xL klg eGg' ePsf] xfn sn+sL 5}g . kmf]g u/]/ bfO{ Psrf]6L cfpg';\ eGg' x'G5 . t/ k|x/Ln] d]/f] b'Mv ;d:of ;'g]g . klxn] ufpFdf x'Fbf k|x/Lsf] ;xof]u kfPsL lyPF clxn] ;xof]u kfpg ;lsg\ .
xfd|f] cg'ejdf klxnf k|x/Ln] 8«]; nufP/ cfgGb;+un] al;/x]sf x'G5g . logLx?nfO{ cfgGb 5 h:tf] nfUYof] . t/ DofbL k|x/L eP/ g]kfn k|x/Ldf cfPkl5 yfxf eof] ls k|x/Lx?nfO{ w]/} b'Mv x'Fbf]/x]5 . lsgeg] k|x/LnfO{ rflxg] cfwf/e"t s'/fx? h:t}M a:gsf] nflu /fd|f] af;, kfgL / vfglkgdf /fd|f] Joa:yf 5}g . o;df ;'wf/ ul/g'kg]{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . k|x/Lx? /ftlbg vl6g'k5{ . o:tf] ca:yfdf klg pRr dgf]ansf ;fy sfd ug{'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . sfd ug{sf] nflu kof{Kt >f]t;fwgx? gePsf] ;[hgf s6'jfn, l/ltsf nfdf / k|lbk s];L cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . k|x/Ldf laleGg lsl;dsf DofbL k|x/Lx¿ ;d:of /x]klg o;df ;'wf/ ug{nfO{ cfjZos dxfgu/Lo k|x/L j[Q, sflndf6L b]lvPsf] 5 .
140 CID MAGAZINE 2074 dfG5]n] hltg} ukm u/] klg of] ;To s'/f xf] klxn] / clxn] cj:yf x]bf{ d}n] s] b]V5' eg] g]kfn k|x/Ln] ;|f]t / ;fwg kfof] eg] ljZjdf xfd|f] g]kfn k|x/L c? eGbf sd 5}g . t/ :jtGq 5}g of] s'/f Uof/]G6L xf] xfd|f] g]kfn k|x/L klg x/]s 7fpFdf /fd|f] xf]Og, t/ sltko 7fpFdf dfG5]n] ;a} s'/fdf h; rflx kfOb}g clxn];Dd df]6fdf]6L hg;Dks{ eP/ xfdL k|x/L;Fu 3'nldn ePsf 5}gf}+ . t/ clxn]sf] ;dodf b'lgofFe/sf] ;~hfn ePsf] 7fpFdf ;~rf/ ldl8of Pp6f xTs]nfdf x'Fbf v]/L t o:tf em'6 v]tL ug]{ xfd|f b]zsf g]tfx? 5g\ . cyjf cfd ;~rf/ dfWod x'bfF t o:tf] l:ylt 5 lxhf] s]lx ;~rf/ dfWod gx'Fbf slt xfd|f b]zsf hgtfx? em'lsGy] xf]nfg\ . t/ d s'g} /fhlglts JolQm xf]Og, nf]s/fh clwsf/L Pp6f ;Rrf g]kfn cfdfsf] 5f]/f xf] / h]i7 gful/s g]kfndf hlxn] klg /fd|f] eOlbof];\ eGg] skg sf7df08f} rfxgf x/]s g]kfnLsf] x'g'k5{ eGg] d]/f] dfGotf xf] . hlxn] klg csf{sf] gs/fTds s'/fnfO{ dfq vf]Hg] xf] eg] t s]xL klg x'Fb}g . To;leq ;sf/fTds klg 5 t/ xfd|f] ;dfhdf Tof] 5}g . dnfO{ s] nfU5 eg] g]kfn k|x/L ;+;f/df c? k|x/LeGbf sd 5}g . t/ g]kfn k|x/Ln] :jtGq?kdf sfd ug{ kfpg' k5{ . s'g} /fhgLlts x:tIf]k x'g' ePg . g]kfn k|x/L ;Ifd 5 .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 141 d ljb]zaf6 cfPsf] @ dlxgf eof] . d]/f] df]afOn x/fPsf] ;d:of lnP/ oxfF k|x/L kl/;/ 6]s', sf7df8f}+ cfPsf] x'F . of] ljifodf k|x/Ln] of] 7fpFdf hfg';, o;/L ug{';\ eGg] ;Nnfx lbg' eof] / ;/;tL{ x]bf{ klxn]sf] t'ngfdf clxn] k|x/Ldf /fd|f] k|ltlqmof kfPsf] 5' . s'g} ;d:of k/]/ k|x/Lsf]df cfpFbf clxn];Dd ;s/fTds k|ltlqmof kfO/x]sf] 5' . clxn] x/]s 7fpF / d]/f] ufpFdf k|x/L;Fu ldln u:tL ul//xG5f}+ . clxn] zflGt ;'/Iff / cfk/flws 36gfdf k|x/LnfO{ ;sf/fTds kfO/x]sf] 5' . xl/k|;fb ;fksf]6f afUn'ª uNsf]6 klxn] eGbf ljsl;t x'b} uO/x]sf] 5 . klxn] xfnM ;t'Ën sf7df8f}+ k|x/L;dIf k'UgnfO{ ufx|f] lyof] . ;~rf/ dfWodb]vL lnP/ x/]s s'/fsf] ;d:of lyof] . clxn] w]/} ;xh ePsf] 5 .
142 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ;dfhdf x'g] ljleGg cfk/flws 36gfdf k|x/Lsf] cg';Gwfg Psbd} /fd|f] /x]sf] 5 . k|x/L eg]sf] b]zsf uxgf x'g\ . eofgs l:yltdf b]z hf]ufpg] klg k|x/L g} x'g\ . lsgeg] cfkt kof]{ eg] s;nfO{ ;xof]u dfUg hfg] eGbf k|x/Ld} xf] . h'g;'s} cj:yfdf k|x/L g} rflxG5 r'gfjL dfxf]n eL8 x'nb+uf h:tf h'g;'s} ca:yfdf k|x/Ls} e"dLsf /x]sf] x'G5 . d cfkm} :jo+;]js k|x/L xf] / d k|x/L;Fu ldn]/ n}lËs lx+;flj?4 klg sfd ul//x]sf] 5' d}n] @ hgf km6fx?nfO{ ;dfpg' 5 . ljleGg 7fpFdf r]lna]6LnfO{ hflu/ nufOlbG5' eg]/ km;fpg] ubf]{/x]5 . o;nfO{ n}+lus lx+;flj?4df ;dfP/} 5f8\5' . d}n] ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 k'/:sf/ klg kfPsf] 5' . of] k'/:sf/ kfpFbf dnfO{ lx/fs} xf/ kfPh:t} ePsf] 5 . 6«flkms Joj:yfkgsf] xsdf af6f]df kl/jf/;+u lx8\b} ubf{ h:tf] ca:yfdf eP klg 6«flkms hfd ePsf] b]v]F eg] hfd x6fP/ dfq ToxfFaf6 lx8\g] u5{' . d]/f] z/L/df Ps yf]kf /ut r'8fb]aL e§/fO{ la8f/L dxfgu/Lo :jo+;]as k|x/L /x'Gh]n ;dfh;]jfdf nflu g} /xg]5' . w]/} 7fpFdf ;dfh;]jf u/sf] 5' . ;dfh;]jfdf k|x/Lsf] e"ldsf Psbd} /fd|f] kfPsf] 5' . eGg]n] k|x/LnfO{ g/fd|f] eG5g\, nfG5gf nufpF5g\ ,t/ d]/f] nfuL k|x/Lx? eujfg x'g\ . k|x/Lx? 5}gg\ eg] b]zsf] s'g} cl:tTj x'b}g . k|x/Ldf klxn] / clxn]df w]/} km/s 5 . klxn] w]/} 8/, qf; lyof] cfkm"nfO{ To:tf] nfu]sf] klg x'g ;S5, t/ clxn] k|x/L xfd|} ;fyL x'g\ . cfkt\ lakt\ k/]sf] a]nf cfˆgf] b'Mv kf]Vg] 7fpF eg]sf] k|x/L g} xf] .
ANNUAL PUBLICATION 143 Editorial Team
SSP Tarini Prasad Lamsal
DSP Dr. Mekh Bahadur Khatri DSP Nabin Kishor Pradhan
INSP Bidhya Pd. Ghimere INSP Sundar Tiwary INSP Narayan Dangi
ASI Mukesh Tamrakar
144 CID MAGAZINE 2074 ANNUAL PUBLICATION 145 k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no ck/fw cg';Gwfg ljefu gS;fn, sf7df8f}+ kmf]gM (&&–!–$$!@&$*, km\ofS;M (&&–!–$$!@^)@ O{–d]nM [email protected] j]aM https://cid.nepalpolice.gov.np
146 CID MAGAZINE 2074