72 Fruits (5), 273–280 | ISSN 0248-1294 print, 1625-967X online | https://doi.org/10.17660/th2017/72.5.2 | © ISHS 2017 Original article Citrus sinensis × C. reticulata) with high carotenoid content ‘Ortanique’: A late-maturing tangor ( 1,a 1 1, E.H. Schinor2, M. Bastianel1, 1, P. Marluci da Conceição2, F. Micheli3 3 F.A.1 de Azevedo , C. de Andrade Pacheco , E. da Cruz Andrade M.2 Cristofani-Yaly and C. Dhuique-Mayer 3 Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, IAC, Anhaguera Highway, Km 158, 13490-970, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Ufscar, Anhaguera Highway, Km 185, 13600-970, Cordeirópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil CIRAD, Dept. Persyst, UMR QualiSud, Avenue Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France Summary Significance of this study Introduction – The tangor cv. Ortanique presents What is already known on this subject? positive characteristics for the fresh fruit export mar- • ket, however little is known about this genotype in Brazil. In this study, we evaluated the ideal harvest Spain,The ‘Ortanique’ but little istangor known is aboutproduced the productivecommercially poten in time on two rootstocks, the fruit juice carotenoid con- tialseveral of the countries, cultivar suchin Brazil. as Uruguay, Argentina and tent and possible postharvest storage of ‘Ortanique’ - fruit. Materials and methods – The cultivar was grafted What are the new findings? on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo and Poncirus trifoliata and was • evaluated to the following variables: plant height, di- on Poncirus trifoliata is high, when compared to the ameter and canopy volume, fruit physical and chemi- The productive efficiency of ‘Ortanique’ plants grafted cal quality [mass, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and the ratio (SS/TA)], production and produc- andgrafting its fruit on citrumelo juice has arootstock high content ‘Swingle’. of carotenoids. In both cases tive efficiency in each graft combination. Carotenoids ‘Ortanique’ is late-maturing in Brazilian conditions content of ‘Ortanique’ fruit juice grafted on ‘Swingle’ What is the expected impact on horticulture? was qualified by HPLC. The optimal storage time of • ‘Ortanique’ (with or without wax, stored at 10 °C or vest period of tangerines in Brazil that is much con at room temperature) were determined for six weeks This cultivar presents a new option to extend the har- storage. Results and discussion – The rootstock ‘Swing- - le’ provided great growth and plant production of ‘Or- centrated in the middle of the year. tanique’ plants while Poncirus trifoliata delayed fruit maturation. The ‘Ortanique’ fruit juice contained high levels of β-cryptoxanthin and cis-violaxanthin après la récolte. Matériel et méthodes – Le cultivar and the fruit could be stored at 10 °C for six weeks a été greffé sur le citrumelo ‘Swingle’ et Poncirus tri- without losing quality. Conclusion – The ‘Ortanique’ foliata et a été évalué selon les variables suivantes: tangor has productive potential for commercial culti- hauteur de la plante, diamètre et volume de la cano- vation in Brazil, being late-maturing, its fruit high in pée, qualité physique et chimique des fruits [masse, carotenoid content and possibly well adapted to long matières solubles (SS), acidité titrable (TA) et le rap- storage for export. port (SS/TA)], la production et l’efficacité productive dans chaque combinaison de greffage. La teneur en Keywords caroténoïdes du jus de fruit d’‘Ortanique’ greffé sur Brazil, mandarin, Citrus spp., rootstock, fruit ‘Swingle’ a été analysée par HPLC. L’optimum de stoc- kage de l’‘Ortanique’ (avec ou sans cire, stocké à 10 °C ou à température ambiante) a été déterminé sur six Résuméphysicochemical properties, postharvest management semaines de conservation. Résultats et discussion – Le porte-greffe ‘Swingle’ a permis une croissance accrue et une production végétative des ‘Ortanique’ tandis (Citrus sinensis × C. reticulata que Poncirus trifoliata a retardé la maturation des ‘Ortanique’: une tangor à maturation tardive fruits. Le jus des fruits d’‘Ortanique’ contenait des ni- Introduction – Le tangor ‘Ortanique’) à forte présente teneur des veaux élevés de β-cryptoxanthine et de cis-violaxan- encaractéristiques caroténoïdes. positives pour le marché d’exporta- thine, et le fruit a pu être conservé à 10 °C pendant tion de fruits frais, mais peu de choses sont connues six semaines sans perte de qualité. Conclusion – Le au sujet de ce génotype au Brésil. Dans cette étude, tangor ‘Ortanique’ a un fort potentiel productif en nous avons évalué le temps de récolte idéal sur deux culture commerciale au Brésil, avec une maturation porte-greffes, la teneur en caroténoïde des jus de tardive, un contenu élevé des fruits en caroténoïdes et fruits et le stockage éventuel de fruits ‘Ortanique’ sans doute bien adapté à un long stockage pour l’ex- portation. a Corresponding author: [email protected]. Volume 72 | Issue 5 | September/October 2017 273 et al Citrus sinensis × C. reticulata) with high carotenoid content de Azevedo . | A late-maturing tangor ( Mots-clés Materials and methods Cit- Citrus rus reticulata Blanco × C. sinensis Tests were developed to cultivate ‘Ortanique’ tangor [ Brésil, mandarine, spp., porte-greffe, propriétés (L.) Osbeck] due to the late physico-chimiques des fruits, gestion post-récolte Introduction ripening of its fruits and its seedlessness.C. paradisi Macfad The orchard × Poncirus was trifoliataplanted in 2000 in theP. trifoliatacity of Cordeirópolis, at a spacing ofSP, 7×4 with m, plants with Citrus sinensis tengrafted repetitions on ‘Swingle’ of each citrumelo combination ( in a randomized block In Brazil, citrus production essentially includes sweet design. L. Raf.) and orange [ (L.) Osbeck], where mandarin repC.- reticulataresents only 6% of the total production. AmongC. sinensis the cultivars Vegetative growth and productivity beckof tangerine, × C. reticulata the most cultivated are: ‘Ponkan’ mandarin ( low leaf mandarin Blanco) (andC. delicious ‘Murcott’ tangor [ (L.) Os- (C. reticulata Blanco) Blanco]. (IBGE, There 2012). are None few plantationsof these cultivars of wil- surementsThe height were and made the with diameter a graduated of the wooden‘Ortanique’ ruler, tangor mea Tenore) and ‘Cravo’ mandarin were monitored for two years (2009 and 2010). The mea- the ground at a height of 1.5 m (diameter) for ten plants per- andmeet colors, the internationally attractive shapes, accepted ease standard of peeling, of fruitlong seedless.shelf life suring parallel with the growth axis (height) and parallel to andThe nocitrus chemical consumers residues seek (Pio, fruits 2003). with different flavors, size V = 2/3 π R² H, where R is the combination. The canopy volumeH is(V) the was height determined of the plant. based on the following equation: Therefore, the Centro APTA Citros Sylvio MoreiraC. ofclem In- mean radius of the canopy and entinestituto Agronômico, from Brazil,C. clementine selected cultivars × (C. paradise seedless × To evaluate the production, the fruits were harvested C.with tangerine export potential, such as the ‘Nules’ clementineC. reticulata ( Blan in October of each year, where all the fruits were collected co × C.), sinensis the ‘Nova’ tangelo [ from 10 plants per combination. The production was mea- )] and the ‘Ortanique’ tangor [ - (kgsured fruit by m directly weighing the fruit on a scale with a capac- (L.) Osbeck]. ity of 100 -3kg. From this quantity, the production efficiency The ‘Ortanique’ tangor is a natural hybrid of the tanger- ) was calculated-3 by the plant production (kg) per ine with orange, produces fruit late-maturing and seedless. canopy volume (m ) ratio. These assessments were conduct- cultivarsIt is grown that in havemany late regions maturing of the is world, one of such the asmajor Honduras, objec ed in 2009 and 2010, when the trees were adult with 9 and tivesAustralia, of the Cyprus breeding and program, South Africa because (Saunt, a reduction 1990). in Selecting the tan Physicochemical10 years old, respectively. properties of the fruit et al., 2014).- In Brazil, due to botanical and historical reasons, a small- numbergerine supply of rootstocks has occurred are used in Brazil in citrus (Bastianel commercial planta The physical and chemical analyses of the fruit were et al., 2008). In addition, the use of the tionconducted curve wasmonthly determined from June from to the November results. Fruitsin 2010, were corre col- - sponding to 9 to 14 months after anthesis, and the matura- tions (Mourão-Filho 1.0 and 2.0 m above ground level and throughout the perim- ingsame the rootstock plant to toshow different its full canopy productive cultivars, potential probably (Pompeu does eterlected of forthe analysis plant; resulting in the outer in a totalportion of 5of samples the trees containing between not meetet al.the, 2002). specific characteristics of each cultivar, prevent- - Citrus consumption has been associated with lower risks Júnior et 10 fruits each. The fruits were sent to the Laboratory Quality al. and Post-Harvest Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira/IAC, of certain cancers and cardiovascular disease (Aviram Brazil. The following determinations were measured: , 2008). Although the antioxidant capacity of citrus juice • Soluble solids (SS) were determined by a direct reading on is mainly associated with the soluble fraction containing a B & S refractometer, RFM model 330. The data were cor- polyphenols and vitamin C, a greater polar fraction includ- rected by temperature and acidity of the juice. tiveing carotenoidsdiseases.