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The Biblical Population Explosion 2 Rabbi Jonathan Ziring: [email protected] 1. Exodus 12:40 ׃הָָֽנ ָש תוֹ ֖

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The Biblical Population Explosion 2 Rabbi Jonathan Ziring: Jziring@Torontotorah.Com 1. Exodus 12:40 ׃הָָֽנ ָש תוֹ ֖ The Biblical Population Explosion 2 Rabbi Jonathan Ziring: [email protected] 1. Exodus 12:40 )מ( ּומֹושַׁב֙ בְּנ ֵ֣י ִיְּשָרֵ֔אֲלאֶׁ֥שר ָיְּש֖בְּּו בִמְּצ ָָ֑רִיםְּש ִֵֹ֣לשָים ש ֵָ֔נה ְּוַׁאְּר ֶַׁׁ֥בע ש מ֖אָֹותָָֽנה׃ (40) The length of time that the Israelites lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years; 2. Targum Jonathan on Exodus 12:40 )מ(ְּויֹוַׁמָיא ְּדָיִתיבְּּו ב ני ִיְּשָר אְּל בִמְּצַׁרִים ְּתָלִתין ְּשִמִיטין ִדְּשִנין ִדְּסכּוְּמהֹון ָמָאתן ְּו ע שְּר שִנין ּוִמְּנַׁיַׁן אְּרַׁבע ְּמָאה ְּּותָלִתיְּן שִנין ִמן ְּדַׁמ ליל ְּיָיְּ לַׁאְּבָרָהם ִמן שַׁעְּתָ א ְּדַׁמלילִע מַׁיּה בֲחמיַׁסְּר בִניָס ן ב יני ְּפסּוַׁגָייאַׁ עד יֹוָמא ִדְּנָפקּו ִמִמְּצַׁרִים (40) And the days of the dwelling of the sons of Israel in Mizraim were thirty weeks of years, (thirty times seven years,) which is the sum of two hundred and ten years. But the number of four hundred and thirty years (had passed away since) the Lord spake to Abraham, in the hour that He spake with him on the fifteenth of Nisan, between the divided parts, until the day that they went out of Mizraim. 3. Rashi on Exodus 12:40:2 ביןַׁהֹכּל,ִמ שּׁנֹּוַׁלד ִיְּצָחק ַׁעד ַׁעְּכָשיו, ָהַׁיּו אְּרַׁבע מאֹות, ִמ שָּׁהָיה לֹו זַׁרעְּ לַׁאְּבָרָהִם נְּתַׁק יּם ִכּ י גר ִיְּה יה ַׁזְּ ר ֲעָךְּ, ּושֹלִשָים שָנה ָהיּו ִמ גשִנְּּגְּזָרְּה זַׁרת בין ַׁהְּבָתִרים ַׁעדשנֹּוַׁלד ִיְּצָחק; ְּוִאי אְּפָשר לֹוַׁמרְּ ב א רץ ִמְּצַׁרִיְּם לַׁבָד ּה, שֲה רי ְּקָהת ִמן ַׁהָבִאים ִעם ַׁיֲעֹקב ָהָיה, צא ַׁוֲחשֹוב ָכְּּל שנָֹותיו ְּוָכְּל שנֹות ַׁעְּמָרְּם בנֹו ְּּושמֹוִנים של ֹמשה, לֹא ִתְּמָצ אם ָכּל ָכְּך, ְּוַׁעָל כְּּרֲחָך ַׁהְּר בָה שִנים ָהיּוִלְּקָהתַׁעד שלֹא ָיַׁרדְּ לִמְּצַׁרִים, ְּוַׁהְּר בה ִמְּשּׁנֹות ַׁעְּמָרִם נְּבָלִעיִם בְּשנֹות ְּקָהת, ְּוַׁהְּר בה ִמְּשּׁמֹוִנים של ֹמשִהנְּבָלִעיִם בְּשנֹות ַׁעְּמָרם, ֲה רי שלִֹא תְּמָצַׁא אְּרַׁבע מאְֹּות לִבַׁיאת ִמְּצַׁרִים, ְּוֻהְּזַׁקְּקָתה לֹוַׁמַׁר עָל כְּּרֲחָך, שַׁא ְּף שָאר ַׁהְּי ִשיבֹות ִנְּקְּראּו גּרּותַׁוֲאִפילּו ְּב חְּברֹון שנֱּאַׁמֲר "א שרָ גָּר שם ַׁאְּבָרָהם ְּוִיְּצָחק" )בראשית ל"ה(, ְּואֹו מר " את א רץְּמֻג רי הֲם א שָר גּרּוָ בּה" )שמות ו'ְּ(, לִפָיכְך ַׁאָתה ָצִריְך לֹוַׁמר ִ"כּ י גרִיְּה יה ַׁזְּרֲעָך" ִמ שָּׁהָיה לֹו זַׁרע, ְּּוכ שִתְּמ נה תָ' שָנ הִמשּׁנֹּוַׁלדִיְּצָחק,ִ תְּמָצא ִמִבָיאָתןְּ לִמְּצַׁרִים ַׁעד ְּיִצָיאָתן ר"י,ְּו ז ה אָחד ִמן ַׁהְּדָבִר ים שִשּׁנְּּּו לַׁתְּלַׁמי ַׁה מ לְך )מגילה ט'(: Altogether from the birth of Isaac until now were 400 years, and we must reckon from that event, for only from the time when Abraham had offspring from Sarah could the prophecy (Genesis 15:13) “Thy offspring shall be a stranger” be fulfilled; and there had been 30 years since that decree made at “the convenant between the parts” until the birth of Isaac. It is impossible to say that this means that they were 430 years in the land of Egypt alone, for Kohath was one of those who came into Egypt with Jacob (Genesis 46:11); go and reckon all his years and all the years of Amram his son and the whole eighty years of Moses, the latter’s son, until the Exodus and you will not find that they total to so many; and you must admit that Kohath had already lived many years before he went down to Egypt, and that many of Amram’s years are included in the years of his father Kohath, and that many of the 80 years of Moses are included in the years of his father Amram, so that you see that you will not find 400 years from the time of Israel’s coming into Egypt until the Exodus. You are compelled to admit, even though unwillingly, that the other settlements which the patriarchs made in lands other than including also that at Hebron, even though it was in ,(גרות) ”Egypt come also under the name of “sojourning as a stranger Canaan itself, because it is said, (Genesis 35:27) “[Hebron] where Abraham and Isaac sojourned”, and it says, (Exodus 6:4) “[the land Canaan], the land of their sojournings wherein they sojourned”. Consequently you must necessarily say that the prophecy, “thy offspring shall be strangers… [four hundred years]” began only from the time when he had offspring. And only if you reckon the 400 years from the birth of Isaac will you find that from the time they came into Egypt until the time they left it, was 210 years (as alluded to in Genesis 15:13). This was one of the passages which they altered for king Ptolemy (Mekhilta d'Rabbi Yishmael 12:40; Megillah 9a). 4. Genesis 15:16 )טז( ְּוֶׁ֥דֹוְּר רִבי ִ֖עי ָיֵ֣שּובּו ָ֑הָנּה ִִּ֧כּי לָֹא־ש ֵ֛לםֲ עֶֹׁ֥ון ָהֱאֹמִ֖רי ַׁעד־ ָֽהָנּה׃ (16) And they shall return here in the fourth generation, for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet complete.” 5. Exodus 6:16-26 )טז(ְּוֵ֨א לְּה ש֤מְֹּות ב ָֽני ־לִו֙יְּ לֵֹ֣תְּלֹד ֵָ֔ת ם גְּּרׁ֕שֹון ּוְּק ָ֖הת ּוְּמָרִָ֑ריְּּושנ֙יַׁחיֵּ֣י לִֵ֔וי ִּ֧ שַׁבע ּוְּש ִֵֹ֛לשים ּוְּמ ַׁ֖אָתש ָָֽנה׃ )יזְּ( ב ֶׁ֥נ י גְּרֵ֛שֹון ִלְּבִֶׁ֥ני ְּוִשְּמ ִ֖עיְּלִמ ְּשְּפֹח ָָֽתם׃ )יח( ְּּוב ֵ֣ני ְּק ֵָ֔הת ַׁעְּמֵָ֣רםְּוִיְּצֵָ֔הר ְּו חְּב֖רֹון ְּוֻעִז ָ֑יאל ּוְּש חנ֙יַׁ ֵ֣יּי ְּק ֵָ֔הָת שִֹּ֧לש ּוְּש ִֵֹ֛לשים ּוְּמ ַׁ ֖את ָש ָָֽנה׃ )יט( ּו ְּב ֶׁ֥ני ְּמ ָרִ ֖רי ַׁמ ְּח ִ ֵ֣לי ּומּו ִ ָ֑שי ֵ֛א לה ִמ ְּש ְּפ ֶׁ֥ ֹחת ַׁה לִ ֖וי ְּל ֹת ְּל ֹד ָָֽתם׃ )כ( ַׁו ִיּ ֵַׁ֨קח ַׁע ְּמ ָ ר ם את־ יֹו ֤כ בד ָֽ ֹד ָדת ֹ֙ו ֵ֣לֹו ְּל ִא ֵ֔ ָשּׁה ַׁו ֵ֣ת לד ֵ֔לֹו ָֽאת־ ַׁא ֲה֖ ֹרן ְּו את־ ֹמ ָ֑שה ּו ְּש נ ֙י ַׁח יֵּ֣י ַׁע ְּמ ֵָ֔רם ִּ֧ש ַׁבע ּו ְּשֹל ִ ֵ֛ יםּוְּמַׁ֖אָתש ָָֽנה׃ )כא( ְּּוב ֖ני ִיְּצָָ֑הר ֶֹׁ֥קַׁרח ָו ֖נ פג ְּוִזְּכִָֽרי׃ )כב( ְּּוב ֖נֻיעִז ָ֑יאל ִָֽמי ָש ֶׁ֥אל ְּו א ְּל ָצ ָ ֖פן ְּו ִס ְּתִָֽרי׃ )כג( ַׁו ִיּ ֵַׁ֨קח ַׁא ֲה ֹרן את־ ֱא ִלי ִּ֧ש ַׁבע ַׁבת־ ַׁע ִמי ָנ ָ ֵ֛דב ֲא ֶׁ֥חֹות ַׁנ ְּח ֖שֹון ֵ֣לֹו ְּל ִא ָָ֑שּׁה ַׁו ֵ֣ת לד֗ ל ֹו את־ָנָד֙ב ְּו אֲת־אִביֵ֔הּו א את־אְּלָעָז֖ר ְּו את ִָֽ־אָיתָָֽמר׃ )כד( ִֶׁ֥סיר ְּּובֵ֣ניֵֹ֔קַׁרחַׁא ְּו אְּלָק ָ֖נה ַׁוֲאִבָיא ָָ֑סף ֖ א לה ִמְּשְּפ ֶֹׁ֥חת ַׁהָקְּר ִָֽחי׃ )כה( ְּו אְּלָע ֵָ֨ז ָֽר בַׁן־אֲה ֹרָן לַָֽׁקח־ ֵ֨לֹו ִמ ְּב ֤נֹות ָֽפּו ִטי אל֙ ֵ֣לֹו ְּל ִא ֵ֔ ָשּׁה ַׁו ֶׁ֥ת לד ֖לֹו את־ ִָֽפי ְּנ ָ ָ֑חס ֗א לָה ר ֵ֛אשֲי אֶׁ֥בֹות ַׁה ְּל ִוִ ֖יּם ְּל ִמ ְּש ְּפ ֹח ָָֽתם׃ )כו( ֶׁ֥הּוא ַׁא ֲה֖ ֹרן ּו ֹמ ָ֑שה ֲא ֵ֨ שר ָא ַׁ ֤מר ְּיה ָו ֙ה ָל ֵ֔ הם הֹו ִציאּו את־ ְּב ִּ֧ני ִי ְּש ָר ֵ֛אל מֶׁ֥א רץ ִמְּצ ַׁ֖רִיםַׁ על־ִצְּבֹא ָָֽתם׃ (16) These are the names of Levi’s sons by their lineage: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari; and the span of Levi’s life was 137 years. (17) The sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei, by their families. (18) The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel; and the span of Kohath’s life was 133 years. (19) The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites by their lineage. (20) Amram took to wife his father’s sister Jochebed, and she bore him Aaron and Moses; and the span of Amram’s life was 137 years. (21) The sons of Izhar: Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri. (22) The sons of Uzziel: Mishael, Elzaphan, and Sithri. (23) Aaron took to wife Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab and sister of Nahshon, and she bore him Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar. (24) The sons of Korah: Assir, Elkanah, and Abiasaph. Those are the families of the Korahites. (25) And Aaron’s son Eleazar took to wife one of Putiel’s daughters, and she bore him Phinehas. Those are the heads of the fathers’ houses of the Levites by their families. (26) It is the same Aaron and Moses to whom the LORD said, “Bring forth the Israelites from the land of Egypt, troop by troop.” 6. I Chronicles 2:3-22 )ג(ְּבֵ֣ני ְּיהּו ָ֗ד֤ה ער ְּוָאֹונ֙ן ְּו ש ֵָ֔לְּה שָלֹוש֙הֵ֣ נֹוַׁלד ֵ֔לֹו ִמַׁבת־֖שַּׁוע ַָֽׁהְּכַּׁנֲעִָ֑ניתַׁוְּיִִ֞ה ֵ֣י ער ְּ׀ בֵ֣כֹור ְּיהּוָ֗דה ֵַׁ֛רְּע ב ע ֶׁ֥יני ְּיה ָ֖והַׁוְּיִמ ָֽיתהּו׃ )ס( )ד( ְּוָתָמ֙רַׁ כָּלֵ֔תֹו ָיְֶּׁ֥לָדה לֹ֖ו את־ ֵ֣פרץְּו את־ָזַָָׁ֑֑רח ָכּלְּ־ב ֶׁ֥ניְּיהּו ָ֖דהֲ חִמ ָָֽשּׁה׃ )ס( )הְּ( ב ני־ ר֖פ ץ חְּצֶׁ֥רֹון ְּוָחָֽמּול׃ )ס( )ו( ְּּוב ֵ֣ני ֗ ז ַׁרחִִ֠זְּמִריְּוא ִָּ֧יתן ְּו הי ֵָ֛מן ְּוַׁכְּל ֶֹׁ֥כּל ָו ָ֖דַׁרע ֻכּ ֶָׁ֥לם ֲחִמ ָָֽשּׁה׃ )ס( )ז( ְּּוב ֖נַׁי כְּּר ִָ֑מי ָעָכ֙רעֵֹ֣וכרִיְּשָרֵ֔ אֲל א ֶׁ֥שר ָמ ַׁ֖עלַׁ בָֽח רם׃ )ס( )ח( ְּּוב ֶׁ֥ני א ָ֖יתֲן עַׁזְּר ָָֽיה׃ )ט( ְּּוב ֶׁ֥ני חְּצ֖רֹוֲן אֵ֣שר נַֹׁול ד־ ָ֑לֹו את־ ְּי ַׁר ְּח ְּמ ֶׁ֥אל ְּו א ָ֖ת־רם ְּואתְּ־כּל ָָּֽובי׃)י( ְּו ָ֖רם ה ִֵֹ֣ול יד את־ ַׁעִמיָנָָ֑דבְּוַׁעִמיָנָד֙ב ה ִֵֹ֣ול יד אַׁת־נְּחֵ֔שֹוְּןנ ִ֖שְּיא ב ֶׁ֥ני ְּיהּוָָֽדה׃ )יא( ְּוַׁנְּח֙שֹון ה ִֵֹ֣ול ידאת־ַׁשְּל ֵָ֔מא ְּוַׁש ְּלָ֖מאהֹוִֶׁ֥ליד את ָֹֽ־בַׁעז׃)יב( ֵֹּ֨ובַׁע֙ז הֹו ִֵ֣ל יד את־עֹו ֵ֔ בד ְּוע ֹ֖ובדהֹו ִֶׁ֥ ליד את־ ִיָָֽשי׃)יג(ְּוִא ֵַׁ֛ישי ה ִֶֹׁ֥ול יד אתְּ־בֹכ֖רֹו אֱת־אִל ָָ֑יאב ַׁוֲאִבָינָד֙ב ַׁהשּׁ ִֵ֔ני ְּוִשְּמ ָ֖עא ַׁהְּשִּׁל ִָֽישי׃ )ידְּ( נַׁתְּנ א֙לָָֽהְּרִב ִֵ֔יעי ַׁר ַׁ֖די ַׁהֲחִמי ִָֽשי׃ )ט ֹֹ֚ו( צם א ַׁהִשּׁ ִֵ֔שּׁי ָדִ֖ויד ַׁהְּשִּׁב ִָֽעי׃ )טז( ואחיתיהם ]ְּוַׁאְּחיֹו תי ֖הם[ ְּצ רּוָיֵ֣הַׁוֲאִבָָ֑יגִָ֑ילְּּוב ֵ֣ני ְּצרּוָ֗יַׁהאְּב ֵַׁ֛שי ְּו ֶָׁ֥יֹואב ַׁוֲעָש ֖ה־אְּל ש ָָֹֽלשה׃ )יז( ַׁוֲאִבי ַׁׁ֕גִיל ָיְּל ָ֖ד האתֲ־עָמ ָָ֑ שא ַׁו ֲא ִ ֵ֣בי ֲע ָמ ֵ֔ ָשא י֖ תר ַׁה ִיּ ְּש ְּמ עא ִָֽלי׃ )יח( ְּוָכֵ֣לבבן ־חְּצ֗רֹון הֹוִֵ֛ל יד אתֲ־עז ֶָּׁ֥ובהִ א ָ֖שּׁהְּו את־ְּיִריָ֑עֹות ְּו ֵ֣א לה ָב ֵ֔ ני ָה יֶׁ֥ שר ְּושֹו ָ ֖בב ְּו ַׁא ְּר ָֽדֹון׃ )יט( ַׁו ָ ֖ת ָמת ֲעזּו ָ ָ֑בה ַׁוִָֽיּ ַָֽׁקח־ ֤לֹו ָכ ל ֙ב את־ א ְּפ ֵָ֔רת ַׁו ֶׁ֥ת לד ֖לֹו אתָֽ־חּור׃ )כ( ְּו֙חּורהִֵֹ֣וליד את־ ִֵ֔אּורי ְּואּוִ֖ריהֹו ִֶׁ֥ליד אתְּ־בַׁצְּל ָֽאל׃ )ס( )כא( ְּוַׁא ַׁ֗חר ָ֤ בא חְּצ֙רֹון אלַׁ־בת־ָמִכ֙יר ֲא ִ ֵ֣בי ִג ְּל ֵָ֔עד ְּו ֵ֣הּוא ְּל ָק ֵָ֔חּה ְּו ֖הּוא בן־ ִש ִ ֵ֣שּׁים ָש ָ ָ֑נה ַׁו ֶׁ֥ת לד ֖לֹו את־ ְּש ָֽגּוב׃ )כבְּ(ּוש֖גּובה ִֵֹ֣ול יד את־ָי ִָ֑איר ַָֽׁוְָּ֑יִהי֗־ל ֹו עְּשִ֤רים ְּוָש֙לֹושָ עִֵ֔ריםְּ ב ֖א רץ ַׁהִגְּּל ָָֽעד׃ (3) The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah; these three, Bath-shua the Canaanite woman bore to him.
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