DOCSLIB.ORG

Preparation and Characterization of Wound Healing Composites of Chitosan, Aloe Vera and Calendula Officinalis – a Comparative Study Jitin P

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Preparation and Characterization of Wound Healing Composites of Chitosan, Aloe Vera and Calendula Officinalis – a Comparative Study Jitin P Original Article Preparation and Characterization of Wound Healing Composites of Chitosan, Aloe Vera and Calendula officinalis – A Comparative Study Jitin P. Menda1, Tarana Reddy1, Deepika.R1, Pandima Devi M*1 and Sastry T.P.2 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India 2Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India ABSTRACT Several natural polymers have application in terms of therapeutic treatment of ailments. Chitosan, Aloe Vera and Calendula officinalis have proven wound healing properties individually. It was theorized that a combination of the biopolymer and the plant extract will show an improvement in wound healing properties. Thus, composite films of Aloe Vera extract in Chitosan and C. officinalis petal extract in Chitosan were prepared and evaluated to ascertain the applicability for wound healing. The chemical composition and mechanical, morphological, and surface characteristics including the antibacterial activity were also evaluated. The optimum conditions for obtaining a maximum percentage of composition were standardized. Their mechanical properties, water absorption characteristics and Address for compatibility were analyzed by tensile tester, FTIR and SEM Correspondence analyses. The composite films containing aloe vera had higher water absorption capacity and antimicrobial activity as compared to those Department of containing C. officinalis petal extract. The films containing C. Biotechnology, School officinalis petal extract showed higher tensile strength as compared to of Bio-Engineering, those containing Aloe Vera. With the above results, it was concluded SRM University, that a composite of 25% Aloe Vera in Chitosan can be used as a Kattankulathur, India wound dressing amongst all the combinations. E-mail: pandimadevi.m Keywords: Chitosan, Aloe vera, Calendula officinalis , composite @ktr.srmuniv.ac.in films, wound healing, FTIR, SEM. INTRODUCTION Wound healing is a dynamic process can change as the wound progresses towards of regenerating dermal and epidermal tissue healing. Wound healing is the body’s natural and the performance requires a dressing that process whereby the body restores the American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics www.ajpct.org Devi M et al________________________________________________ ISSN 2321 – 2748 injured part to as near its normal condition polymers when used as drug delivery as possible. Though wound healing takes carriers, they are degraded into biologically place naturally on its own, some of accepted compounds, often through the complications like sepsis, disruption of process of hydrolysis, which leave the tissue and skin layer, extension of infection incorporated medications behind. The major to adjacent and interior organs occur in advantages of natural polymers are good major cases. To prevent extensive loss and cytocompatibility, biodegradable and do not damage to the tissue, skin grafting and require any surgery for removal of biological dressings were developed. The polymers30. ability of the skin to repair itself after a Biological dressings like fibrin glue, minor wound is remarkable, but when the gelatin sheets, chitosan films and collagen damage is severe or occurs in large amounts are popular for acceleration of wound of skin area, proper and immediate coverage healing. These polymers when used in of wound surface with an adequate dressing combination such as fibrin-gelatin, fibrin- is needed to protect the wound and chitosan, show better results, than when accelerate wound healing. Ultimately the used alone1. immediate wound coverage, temporary or The main objective of this work was permanent, is one of the principal goals of to prepare a composite containing both wound management. For this films made wound healing materials and water- with biomaterials are becoming popular due absorbing materials. In this composite, to many advantages1. Some dressings simply chitosan and marigold act as wound healing adsorb exudate or wound fluid and therefore materials and the aloe vera moieties act as are suitable for application to a variety of hydrogels. However, these biocomposites different wound types whereas, other have been proposed to be used as temporary function have limited range of indications. biological dressings on open wound surfaces The major advantages of natural polymers and have to be changed periodically. are good cyto compatibility2. It is also biodegradable in nature and do not require Chitosan any surgery for removal of polymers3. Chitosan is obtained from the Many sophisticated dressing are deacetylation of, chitin a naturally occurring available and are made of materials like and abundantly available (in marine polyurethane, salts of alginic acid and other crustaceans) biocompatible polysaccharide. gelable polysaccharides namely starch and However, applications of chitin are limited carboxymethyl cellulose. They may be used compared to chitosan because chitin is alone or in combination to form products as structurally similar to cellulose but diverse as films, fibrous products, beads, chemically inert. Acetamide group of chitin hydrogels or adhesive gel forming wafers can be converted into amino group to give more commonly called hydrocolloid chitosan, which is carried out by treating dressings4. chitin with concentrated alkali solution. Biomaterials are natural polymers Chitosan is a linear copolymer of d- which are biodegradable. These are used in glucosamine and N-acetyl d-glucosamine in regenerative medicine, implantable a β-(1-4) linkage, in which glucosamine is materials, controlled release carriers or the predominant repeating unit. Chitin and scaffolds for tissue engineering. Cellulose, chitosan represent long chain polymers chitin, chitosan, collagen and gelatin are having molecular mass up to several million widely used natural polymers. Natural Daltons. It is easily processed into powders, AJPCT[2][1][2014]061-076 Devi M et al________________________________________________ ISSN 2321 – 2748 paste, films, 3D-scaffolds, nanofibers, and biodegradability as it can be metabolized by nanoparticles5. certain human enzymes like lysozyme. Chitosan is nontoxic, biocompatible Various biomedical applications like and biodegradable. It is used in drug implantations, injections, or tropical ocular delivery, cell delivery systems, and applications is due to its orthopedics, wound healing, ophthalmology, biocompatibility10,34,35. It was revealed that pharmaceuticals and bone healing46. It for chitosan film was employed as wound enhances the function of polymorphonuclear dressing, as it should be durable, stress cells, macrophages and fibroblastic resistant, flexible, pliable, and elastic, also proliferation of migration. It exhibits easy to apply and remove without incurring antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, any trauma during dressing changes31. The and yeast. It is hypoallergenic, has rapid mechanical properties of the films are blood clotting property, haemostatic and acts critical and should possess reasonable as fat attractor by binding to dietary lipids1. tensile properties, which could bear the Chitosan is known for its haemostatic stresses exerted by different parts of the properties, also possesses other biological body having varying contours. Moreover, activities and effects macro phage function the dressing must be rapidly and uniformly that helps in faster wound healing. The adherent and conform to wound bed biological properties include bacteriostatic topography and contour to prevent air or and fungistatic properties which are useful fluid pocket formation. Good adherence for open wound treatment. Chitosan which reduces pain, facilitates decontamination, contains wound dressings has been found to prevents peripheral channeling into the generate optimal healing environment for wound by bacteria, and promotes bonding to the wound underneath33. tissues32. The dressing must be an absolute Chitosan have been found to possess barrier to bacterial ingress and could prevent beneficial biological properties including egress of wound organisms to the surface of hemostasis6, antimicrobial activity dressing. Furthermore, the dressing is stimulation of healing7, tissue-engineering preferably permeable to water vapor to the scaffolds48, cell culture8 and drug delivery9. extent that a moist exudate under the Chitosan is a novel polymer which dressing is maintained without pooling, but has a wide application in drug delivery excess fluid absorption and evaporation systems, hydrogels and wound dressing. It is leading to desiccation of the wound bed is mostly obtained from chitin, the polymer prevented. In addition, the dressing must be second most abundant in nature next to compatible with body tissues, be nontoxic, cellulose. It stimulates cell proliferation and non-antigenic and non-allergenic11. Chitosan histoarchitectural tissue organization. (3% w/v) in acetic acid solutions was Chitosan helps in wound healing mainly due prepared by stirring overnight using to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, magnetic stirrer. The resulting solution was antimicrobial nature and also its filtered through a sintered glass filter to bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties. The remove the extraneous matter, followed by polycationic nature of chitosan and casting on glass plate and dried in an oven at interaction between the positively charged 60°C for 24 hours. After drying, the chitosan and the negatively charged cell wall transparent film was carefully peeled
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LEAKY GUT SYNDROME a Modern Epidemic
    LEAKY GUT SYNDROME A Modern Epidemic Part 1: The Problem Jake Paul Fratkin, OMD Originally published for the Great Smokies Diagnositic Lab website. Also published in: THE POINTS: A JOURNAL OF NEW MEXICO ACUPUNCTURE ASSOCIATION and CALIFORNIA JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL MEDICINE Leaky Gut Syndrome (LGS) is a major cause of disease and dysfunction in modern society, and in my practice accounts for at least 50% of chronic complaints, as confirmed by laboratory tests. In discussing LGS, I want to first describe the situation in terms of western physiology, and at the end of the article I will discuss aspects of LGS that are unique to Traditional Chinese Medicine. In LGS, the epithelium on the villi of the small intestine becomes inflamed and irritated, which allows metabolic and microbial toxins of the small intestines to flood into the blood stream. This event compromises the liver, the lymphatic system, and the immune response including the endocrine system. It is often the primary cause of the following common conditions: asthma, food allergies, chronic sinusitis, eczema, urticaria, migraine, irritable bowel, fungal disorders, fibromyalgia, and inflammatory joint disorders including rheumatoid arthritis. It also contributes to PMS, uterine fibroid, and breast fibroid. Leaky Gut Syndrome is often the real basis for chronic fatigue syndrome and pediatric immune deficiencies. Leaky Gut Syndrome is reaching epidemic proportions within the population. As a disease entity, it has not been discussed in classical or modern TCM literature. In fact, taking a strictly classical Chinese medicine approach to LGS is often ineffective or only partially effective, because the disease is not addressed in all of its complexity.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/0292530 A1 Dinno (43) Pub
    US 20070292530A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2007/0292530 A1 Dinno (43) Pub. Date: Dec. 20, 2007 (54) TOPICAL COMPOSITION AND METHOD Publication Classification FOR THE TREATMENT AND PROPHYLAXIS (51) Int. Cl. OF DERMAL RRITATIONS A6IR 33/30 (2006.01) A6IP 7/00 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/642 (76) Inventor: Raied Dinno, Weston, MA (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: A composition and method for the prevention and therapeu tic treatment of skin conditions and disorders are disclosed. WEINGARTEN, SCHURGIN, GAGNEBIN & The composition and method of the invention are particu LEBOVC LLP larly directed to the treatment and prevention of dermal TEN POST OFFICE SQUARE irritations. These irritations include, for example, psoriasis, BOSTON, MA 02109 (US) eczema, ichthyosis, pruritus, dryness and dermatitis, which may cause skin to crack, chap or chafe. The composition and method are particularly useful in treating and preventing (21) Appl. No.: 11/827,369 diaper dermatitis. A therapeutic composition according to the invention includes an agent, which is an enzyme con stituent, promoting the synthesis of collagen and the repro (22) Filed: Jul. 11, 2007 duction of cells, particularly skin cells. Such therapeutic agents include, for example, Zinc oxide. This agent is generally nonprescription and capable of effectively pre Related U.S. Application Data venting and treating diaper dermatitis through local or topical application. Therapeutic compositions according to (63) Continuation of application No. 10/856,740, filed on the invention also include both natural and synthetic com May 28, 2004, now Pat. No. 7.252,846. ponents, which aid in application, use and treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Achillea Millefolium) in Preventing Radiation Dermatitis in Patients with Breast Cancer: a Randomized, Double- Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
    Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care Vol 1 No 1 (2016), 9 Original Research The Efficacy of Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) in Preventing Radiation Dermatitis in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Double- Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Mona Malekzadeh Department of Radiation Oncology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saleh Sandoughdaran Fatemeh Homayi Shandiz Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Omid and Ghaem Hospitals, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Soheyla Honary Department of Pharmaceutics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Background: Radiation dermatitis is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy for breast cancer, affecting approximately 85 percent of patients. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of Licorice root (Glycyrrhizin glabra) and Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) on preventing radiotherapy-induced dermatitis in breast cancer patients. Methods: Seventy-five patients with breast cancer who had undergone mastectomy and were planned to receive radiotherapy (RT) were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled study. The extract of Achillea millefolium and Glycyrrhizin glabra root were incorporated into a vanishing cream base. Patients were randomly divided into three groups and received Glycyrrhizin glabra cream, placebo or Achillea millefolium cream for five weeks during RT. The rate and grade of radiation dermatitis were recorded at baseline, at the end of third week and at the end of treatment using a modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grading tool. Results: At the end of the third week, the group receiving Achillea millefolium cream showed milder skin complications than other groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Gut Biosealer Chocolate
    GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH Gut Biosealer Chocolate CLINICAL APPLICATIONS • Supports GI Barrier Health and Integrity • Maintains Normal Inflammatory Balance and Healthy Gut Epithelium • Provides Concentrated Nutrition for GI Cells This product is designed to promote the health and barrier of two enzymes involved in the metabolism of prostaglandins function of the gastrointestinal (GI) lining. Its unique E and F2-alpha, resulting in extra protection for the gastric formula includes nutrients that support the gut mucosal mucosa.1 Furthermore, 760 mg DGL a day given over a period epithelium. The purpose of the epithelium is to allow the of one month was shown to promote the health of the GI digestion and absorption of dietary nutrients while keeping mucosa, compared to placebo.1 In addition, several large unwanted toxins, microbes and food particles from passing studies of over 100 subjects using similar dosages of DGL have directly into the body. This product includes a high-dose shown that less negative effects occur in those taking DGL of L-glutamine (4 g), which serves as nutrition for the gut compared to placebo.2,3 lining. It provides 400 mg of deglycyrrhized licorice root extract (DGL) and 75 mg of aloe vera extract, both of which Aloe Vera Leaf Gel Extract† protect and promote the health of the gut mucosa. N-acetyl A demulcent that has been used throughout history, aloe glucosamine and zinc boost GI integrity. vera has long been known to maintain normal inflammatory balance. Studies have shown aloe vera is specifically beneficial Overview to the gastric mucosa, in part by its ability to balance stomach A healthy GI tract has an epithelial mucosal barrier that acid levels and promote healthy mucus production.4,5,6 One prevents the passage of food antigens (proteins), toxins, and animal study examining the effects of aloe vera on gastric microorganisms from crossing into the bloodstream.
    [Show full text]
  • Aloe Vera Gel 8001-97-6
    • i SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION Aloe Vera Gel 8001-97-6 BASIS OF NOMINATION TO THE NTP Aloe vera is presented to the CSWG as a widely used cosmetic,food additive, and dietary supplement that results in exposure to adults, children, and the elderly. Naturally occurring aloe contains 1,8­ dihydroxyanthracene derivatives that are known mutagens and that cause a laxative effect. when aloe products are consumed orally. However, most aloe products sold for oral consumption in the over­ . the-counter dietary supplement market have reduced quantities of 1,8-dihydroxyanthracenes. Because ofthe part ofthe aloe plant used, aloe vera gel has an especially low concentration of 1,8­ dihydroxyanthracenes. The wound healing properties ofaloe have been considered "common knowledge" for thousands of years. However, it is only with recent techniques that these properties have been shown scientifically. These recent studies also raise questions about the ability ofaloe products to cause a proliferative effect on the cell, a process associated with a greater risk for carcinogenicity. Thus, aloe vera gel is recommended for a specialized dermal study to clarify if aloe products may be promoters ifadministered after initiation with a carcinogen. SELECTION STATUS ACTION BY CSWG: 12/14/98 Studies reguested: - Cell transformation assay - Mechanistic studies ofcancer promotion using TGAC mouse model - Use TPA and aloin as positive controls Priority: High Rationale/Remarks: - Widespread oral and dermal exposure to humans - Suspicion ofcarcinogenicity based
    [Show full text]
  • DPPH, Aloe Vera, Zingiber Officinale, Lysosomal Enzymes, Rutin, Fe<SUP>
    American Journal of Biochemistry 2016, 6(4): 100-111 DOI: 10.5923/j.ajb.20160604.03 The Anti-inflammatory Activity and the Antioxidant Effect of Some Natural Ethanolic Plant Extracts at the Molecular Level in Rat Liver Lysosomes In-vitro Nermien Z. Ahmed National Organization for Drug Control & Research (NODCAR), Molecular Drug Evaluation Department, Giza, Egypt Abstract This study was to evaluate the effect of Aloe Vera; Carica Papaya (leaves), Zingiber officinale (rhizomes), Solanum melongena (Fruits), Asparagus racemosus (Aerial part) by (25, 50, 100 µg/ml) of each compared with Rutin as standard on DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical assay in-vitro. Liver lysosomes were isolated from rat by ultra-cooling centrifuge, and the lysosomal fractions were incubated for 30 min with Aloe Vera, Zingiber officinale by (1, 5, and 10 mg/ml) to determine the activity of the released enzymes(acid phosphatase; β-galactosidase; β-N-acetylglucosaminidase), also, the labializing and stabilizing effects on the membrane permeability. In addition, the effect of the combination between Aloe and Zingiber by the three doses was investigated. The results revealed that the release rate of the three lysosomal enzymes appeared to be significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared to control under the effect of the extracts and their mixtures, different percentage values of inhibition were observed. A low dose exerted highly inhibition, while a high dose revealed a less stabilizing effect on membrane permeability and this stabilizing effect was dose-dependent. It was concluded that the protective effect of each flavonoid was varied according to dose and enzyme type.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Different Locations and Growing Season on Growth and Active Materials of Aloe
    Journal of Materials and J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 2017, Volume 8, Issue 12, Page 4220-4225 Environmental Sciences ISSN: 2028-2508 http://www.jmaterenvironsci.com Copyright © 2017, University of Mohammed 1er http://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/ Oujda Morocco Effect of Different Locations and Growing Season on Growth and Active Materials of Aloe Makarem A. Mohamed, Khalid A. Khalid*, Hend E. Wahba, Mohamed E. Ibrahim Research of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., 12311, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt Received 09Apr 2017, Abstract Revised 05 Jun 2017, Accepted09 Jun 2017 Changes in growth, yield and active materials (gel and aloin) of aloe were investigated with different locations and growing season in Egypt. Aloe plants Keywords were cultivated at Ismailia and Giza governorate during two seasons. Plants Aloe (Aloe vera), grown under Ismailia location during 2nd season recoded the highest growth yield, gel, characters (leaf number and leaf weight); (gel); (aloin) with values (11.0, 24.3, -1 -1 -1 aloin and 35.3 plant ; 2.8, 5.8 and 8.9 kg plant ; 117.2, 241.3 and 359.8 ton ha ); (0.9%; 25.4, 52.2 and 77.6 g plant-1; 1054.5, 2171.5 and 3192.4kg ha-1); (0.2% ; Khalid A. Khalid 5.9, 12.2 and 18.1 g plant -1; 246.1, 506.7 and 752.8 kg ha-1) during the 2nd season [email protected] for offsets, mother and whole plant respectively. +201117727586 1. Introduction Aloe (Aloe vera, FamilyLiliaceae) plant has several biological activities i.e. promotion of wound healing, antifungal, hypoglycemic & anti-diabetic effects, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immuno- modulatory and gastro-protective values [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Microdermabrasion
    Advanced Dermatology Care Advanced Esthetics Microdermabrasion About Microdermabrasion: Microdermabrasion is helpful for reducing the appearance of fine lines/wrinkles, dull, dry, rough or sun-damaged skin; it can also help treat acne, and even soften some superficial scars including stretch marks. Dead skin cells that have become sticky with maturity and contribute to a thicker, dull complexion are removed with this procedure, giving the skin a fresh, more youthful appearance. A series of microdermabrasion treatments can also help firm the skin; it uses a vacuum which stimulates blood flow and fibroblasts in the skin, thus stimulating collagen and elastin. Pores are refined, and skin feels remarkably smoother as the dead skin cells and debris are swept away. Advanced Esthetics has two microdermabrasion methods available. These treatments both produce equal results, but personal preference may guide your choice. MegaPeel Microdermabrasion: This method gently blasts small particles of aluminum oxide over the skin’s epidermis to help remove dead skin cells on the skin’s surface. The MegaPeel medical research shows biopsy-proven increases in collagen and elastin, and smoother, healthier skin. DermaSweep Microdermabrasion: Rather than using crystals, this method uses patented bristle technology for exfoliation. To further address each patient’s unique skin care needs, a variety of skin-specific topical solutions can be applied immediately after a microdermabrasion treatment. These topical solutions are tailored to each patient’s specific
    [Show full text]
  • Herbal Medicines for Fatty Liver Diseases (Review)
    Herbal medicines for fatty liver diseases (Review) Liu ZL, Xie LZ, Zhu J, Li GQ, Grant SJ, Liu JP This is a reprint of a Cochrane review, prepared and maintained by The Cochrane Collaboration and published in The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 8 http://www.thecochranelibrary.com Herbal medicines for fatty liver diseases (Review) Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADER....................................... 1 ABSTRACT ...................................... 1 PLAINLANGUAGESUMMARY . 2 BACKGROUND .................................... 3 Figure1. ..................................... 4 OBJECTIVES ..................................... 5 METHODS ...................................... 5 RESULTS....................................... 9 Figure2. ..................................... 10 Figure3. ..................................... 13 Figure4. ..................................... 14 DISCUSSION ..................................... 18 AUTHORS’CONCLUSIONS . 19 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 20 REFERENCES ..................................... 20 CHARACTERISTICSOFSTUDIES . 29 DATAANDANALYSES. 141 Analysis 1.1. Comparison 1 Medicinal herbs versus placebo, Outcome 1 ALT (U/L). 158 Analysis 1.2. Comparison 1 Medicinal herbs versus placebo, Outcome 2 AST (U/L). 159 Analysis 1.3. Comparison 1 Medicinal herbs versus placebo, Outcome 3 Liver/spleen CT ratio. 159 Analysis 2.1. Comparison 2 Herbal medicines plus lifestyle intervention versus placebo plus lifestyle intervention, Outcome 1AST(U/L)..................................
    [Show full text]
  • Antibacterial Effects of Allspice, Garlic, and Oregano Essential Oils
    JFS M: Food Microbiology and Safety Antibacterial Effects of Allspice, Garlic, and Oregano Essential Oils in Tomato Films Determined by Overlay and Vapor-Phase Methods W-X. DU,C.W.OLSEN,R.J.AVENA-BUSTILLOS,T.H.MCHUGH,C.E.LEVIN,R.MANDRELL, AND MENDEL FRIEDMAN ABSTRACT: Physical properties as well as antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella en- terica,andListeria monocytogenes of allspice, garlic, and oregano essential oils (EOs) in tomato puree film-forming solutions (TPFFS) formulated into edible films at 0.5% to 3% (w/w) concentrations were investigated in this study. Antimicrobial activities were determined by 2 independent methods: overlay of the film on top of the bacteria and vapor-phase diffusion of the antimicrobial from the film to the bacteria. The results indicate that the antimicrobial activities against the 3 pathogens were in the following order: oregano oil > allspice oil > garlic oil. Listeria mono- cytogenes was less resistant to EO vapors, while E. coli O157:H7 was more resistant to EOs as determined by both overlay and vapor-phase diffusion tests. The presence of plant EO antimicrobials reduced the viscosity of TPFFS at the higher shear rates, but did not affect water vapor permeability of films. EOs increased elongation and dark- M: Food Microbiology ened the color of films. The results of the present study show that the 3 plant-derived EOs can be used to prepare tomato-based antimicrobial edible films with good physical properties for food applications by both direct contact & Safety and indirectly by vapors emanating from the films. Keywords: edible film, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, plant essential oils, Salmonella enterica Introduction others 2000a; Friedman and others 2000b) and immune system dible films can improve shelf life and food quality by serving as enhancing glycoalkaloids tomatine and dehydrotomatine (Morrow E selective barriers to moisture transfer, oxygen uptake, lipid ox- and others 2004).
    [Show full text]
  • Seborrheic Dermatitis
    SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS BACKGROUND Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by greasy yellowish scale on a background of erythema. It occurs in areas with lots of sebaceous glands including the scalp, external ear, central face, upper trunk, underarms, and groin. Its most common and mildest form is dandruff—whitish scale of the scalp and other hair-bearing areas without any underlying erythema. Seborrheic dermatitis is a chronic and relapsing condition that can be diagnosed clinically. It tends to be worse in colder, drier climates and improves during summer months— especially with ultraviolet exposure. Stress can also play a role in initiating or worsening flares. Individuals with seborrheic dermatitis have an overabundance of Malassezia, a yeast that is normally found on the skin. Why some people get seborrheic dermatitis and others do not is not clear, but the reason likely has to do with differences in immune responses to Malassezia. Interestingly, Malassezia has been shown to have immune cross-reactivity with Candida—yeast commonly found in the GI tract. People with seborrheic dermatitis have been found to have increased levels of Candida antigen in their stools and on the tongue, suggesting that they may have higher levels in their GI tract. Additionally, seborrheic dermatitis does improve in some patients treated with oral anti-yeast medications.[1] Seborrheic dermatitis can be more extensive and difficult to treat in people with Parkinson’s and HIV; treating these conditions can lead to improvement in the seborrheic dermatitis. TREATMENT SKIN CARE The mainstay of treatment for seborrheic dermatitis is frequent cleansing. Medicated soaps or shampoos containing zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole, sulfur, salicylic acid or tar give additional benefit.
    [Show full text]
  • And Yarrow (Achillea Millefolium)
    apjcc.waocp.com Mona Malekzadeh, et al: Preventive Effect of Licorice Root and Yarrow on Radiation Dermatitis DOI:10.31557/APJCC.2016.1.1.9 RESEARCH ARTICLE The Efficacy of Licorice Root (Glycyrrhiza Glabra) and Yarrow (Achillea Millefolium) in Preventing Radiation Dermatitis in Patients with Breast Cancer, A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Mona Malekzadeh1, Saleh Sandoughdaran1,2, Fatemeh Homayi Shandiz3, Soheyla Honary4 1Department of Radiation Oncology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.2Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.3Department of Radiotherapy-Oncology, Omid and Ghaem Hospitals, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.4Department of Pharmaceutics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran. Abstract Background: Radiation dermatitis is one of the most common side effects of radiotherapy for breast cancer, affecting approximately 85 percent of patients. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of Licorice root (Glycyrrhizin glabra) and Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) on preventing radiotherapy-induced dermatitis in breast cancer patients. Methods: Seventy-five patients with breast cancer who had undergone mastectomy and were planned to receive radiotherapy (RT) were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The extract of Achillea millefolium and Glycyrrhizin glabra root were incorporated into a vanishing cream base. Patients were randomly divided into three groups and received Glycyrrhizin glabra cream, placebo or Achillea millefolium cream for five weeks during RT. The rate and grade of radiation dermatitis were recorded at baseline, at the end of third week and at the end of treatment using a modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grading tool.
    [Show full text]