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Identifying and Understanding the Character Defining Features of Historic Fire Stations Kathleen M Roger Williams University DOCS@RWU School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Historic Preservation Theses Preservation Theses and Projects 2015 Looking Twice: Identifying and Understanding the Character Defining Features of Historic Fire Stations Kathleen M. Wilson Roger Williams University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://docs.rwu.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Recommended Citation Wilson, Kathleen M., "Looking Twice: Identifying and Understanding the Character Defining Features of Historic Fire Stations" (2015). Historic Preservation Theses. Paper 10. http://docs.rwu.edu/hp_theses/10 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation Theses and Projects at DOCS@RWU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historic Preservation Theses by an authorized administrator of DOCS@RWU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ROGER WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY School of Architecture, Art, and Historic Preservation LOOKING TWICE: Identifying and understanding the character defining features of historic fire stations A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ROGER WILLIAMS UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF HISTORIC PRESERVATION By Kathleen M. Wilson May 2015 ii SIGNATURES LOOKING TWICE: IDENTIFYING AND UNDERSTANDING THE CHARACTER DEFINING FEATURES OF HISTORIC FIRE STATIONS Author: _________________________________________ Date: __________________ Kathleen M. Wilson Advisor: _________________________________________ Date: __________________ Philip C. Marshall Dean of SAAHP: __________________________________ Date: __________________ Stephen White, AIA iii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to all of the current and previous firefighters in my life, including my father, sister, aunts, uncles, cousin, grandfathers, great grandfather, and friends; especially my grandfather, D. Gordon Wilson, whose advice I take with me every day. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank Professor Philip Marshall for his advice and patience throughout this entire process. His guidance has been of great help. I would also like to thank those who provided access and information on the case studies, including, the Boston Sparks Association and Dan O’Neil for providing access, information and architectural plans of the Congress Street; Firefighter Jacques Kallanian of the Elm Street Fire Station in Southbridge for providing a tour of the fire station, and members of the Cambridge Fire Department for the tour of the Taylor Square Fire Station. In addition I would like to especially thank Lieutenant Mark Cady of the Worcester Fire Department for providing access, tours, and information on the three fire stations in Worcester, as well as spending time digging through the City of Worcester’s archives looking for plans. Much of this study would not have been possible without him. Finally, I am grateful to my family and friends, specifically my mother and Jen Knight who provided support and assistance in helping me compile this document. v Table of Contents SIGNATURES .............................................................................................................................................. ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES AND PHOTOGRAPHS ............................................................................................. viii TABLES ................................................................................................................................................ viii PHOTOGRAPHS .................................................................................................................................. viii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ...................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Literature Review of Character defining Features .............................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 3: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ........................................................................................ 10 3.1 History and Development of Preservation and Character Defining Features ................................... 10 3.1.1 The National Register of Historic Places ................................................................................... 10 3.1.2 Federal Tax Credits for Historic Rehabilitation ......................................................................... 12 3.1.3 Preservation Briefs ..................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 History of Firefighting ...................................................................................................................... 36 3.2.1 Firefighting in America: The Early Years ................................................................................. 37 3.2.2 Firefighting in America: The Volunteer Years .......................................................................... 38 3.2.3 Firefighting in America: The Early Municipal Years ................................................................ 41 3.2.4 Firefighting in America: Late Nineteenth Century Municipality Years .................................... 44 3.2.5 Firefighting in America: The Twentieth Century and On .......................................................... 46 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 47 4.1 Case Studies ...................................................................................................................................... 50 4.2 Data Collection ................................................................................................................................. 52 4.3 Analysis............................................................................................................................................. 53 4.4 Limitations ........................................................................................................................................ 54 CHAPTER 5: RESULTS ............................................................................................................................ 56 5.1 Congress Street Fire Station .............................................................................................................. 57 5.1.1 History of Congress Street Fire Station ..................................................................................... 57 5.1.2 National Register Description .................................................................................................... 58 5.1.3 Preservation Brief 17 Applied to Congress Street ..................................................................... 59 vi 5.1.4 Preservation Brief 17 Applied with Knowledge of Firefighting and Fire Station History ........ 62 5.2 Worcester, Massachusetts Fire Department History ......................................................................... 64 5.2.1 National Register Nomination ................................................................................................... 65 5.3 Providence Street Fire Station........................................................................................................... 66 5.3.1 History of the Providence Street Fire Station ............................................................................ 66 5.3.2 Preservation Brief 17 Applied to Providence Street Fire Station ............................................... 67 5.3.3 Preservation Brief 17 Applied with Knowledge of Firefighting and Fire Station History ........ 70 5.4 Quinsigamond Fire Station ............................................................................................................... 73 5.4.1 History of Quinsigamond Fire Station ....................................................................................... 73 5.4.2 Preservation Brief 17 Applied to Quinsigamond Fire Station ................................................... 73 4.4.3 Preservation Brief 17 Applied with Knowledge of Firefighting and Fire Station History ........ 77 5.5 Bloomingdale Fire Station ................................................................................................................ 80 5.5.1 History of Bloomingdale Fire Station ........................................................................................ 80 5.5.2 Preservation Brief 17 Applied to Bloomingdale Fire Station .................................................... 80 5.5.3 Preservation Brief 17 Applied with Knowledge of Firefighting and Fire Station History ........ 84 5.6 Elm Street Fire Station ...................................................................................................................... 87 5.6.1 History of Station ......................................................................................................................
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