Adams, Jr. 2 Nancy Fields Blythe
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A Tri-Annual Publication of the East Tennessee Historical Society
Vol. 26, No. 2 August 2010 Non-Profit Org. East Tennessee Historical Society U.S. POStage P.O. Box 1629 PAID Knoxville, TN 37901-1629 Permit No. 341 Knoxville, tenn ANDERSON KNOX BLEDSOE LOUDON BLOUNT MARION BRADLEY McMINN CAMPBELL MEIGS CARTER MONROE CLAIBORNE MORGAN COCKE POLK CUMBERLAND RHEA FENTRESS ROANE GRAINGER GREENE SCOTT HAMBLEN SEQUATCHIE HAMILTON SEVIER HANCOCK SULLIVAN HAWKINS UNICOI A Tri-Annual Publication of JEFFERSON UNION JOHNSON WASHINGTON The East Tennessee Historical Society Heritage Programs from The easT Tennessee hisTorical socieTy Were your ancestors in what is now Tennessee prior to statehood in 1796? If so, you are eligible to join the First The easT Tennessee hisTorical socieTy Families of Tennessee. Members receive a certificate engraved with the name of the applicant and that of the Making history personal ancestor and will be listed in a supplement to the popular First Families of Tennessee: A Register of the State’s Early Settlers and Their Descendants, originally published in 2000. Applicants must prove generation-by-generation descent, as well as pre-1796 residence for the ancestor. The We invite you to join one of the state’s oldest and most active historical societies. more than 14,000 applications and supporting documentation comprise a unique collection of material on our state’s earliest settlers and are available to researchers at the McClung Historical Collection in the East Members receive Tennessee History Center, 601 S. Gay St. in downtown Knoxville. • Tennessee Ancestors—triannual genealogy -
Assimilationist Language in Cherokee Women's Petitions: a Political Call to Reclaim Traditional Cherokee Culture
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Plan B and other Reports Graduate Studies 5-2016 Assimilationist Language in Cherokee Women's Petitions: A Political Call to Reclaim Traditional Cherokee Culture Jillian Moore Bennion Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports Part of the American Studies Commons Recommended Citation Bennion, Jillian Moore, "Assimilationist Language in Cherokee Women's Petitions: A Political Call to Reclaim Traditional Cherokee Culture" (2016). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 838. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/838 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Plan B and other Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Assimilationist Language in Cherokee Women’s Petitions: A Political Call to Reclaim Traditional Cherokee Culture Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Arts in American Studies in the Graduate School of Utah State University By Jillian Moore Bennion Graduate Program in American Studies Utah State University 2016 Thesis Committee: Keri Holt, Ph.D., Advisor Melody Graulich, Ph.D. Colleen O’Neill, Ph.D. ASSIMILATIONIST LANGUAGE IN CHEROKEE WOMEN’S PETITIONS: A POLITICAL CALL TO RECLAIM TRADITIONAL CHEROKEE CULTURE By Jillian M. Moore Bennion A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in English Approved: ______________________ ______________________ Dr. Keri Holt Dr. Melody Graulich ______________________ Dr. Colleen O’Neill UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2016 ii Copyright © Jillian M. -
Nancy Ward (Nanye’Hi)
Nancy Ward (Nanye’hi) The grave of Nancy Ward located near Benton, TN. Ward’s grave was unmarked until 1923 when the Chattanooga chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution erected a stone pyramid and installed a fence to protect the gravesite. Recent efforts have yielded the site as being signified as a Tennessee State historical site. With the exception of the Cherokees, Native American women generally were excluded from governmental affairs. Some Cherokee women were elevated to the status of Agehyagusta (“Beloved Woman”). These women had the privilege of participating alongside men in tribal councils, thus making important decisions on whether the tribe maintained peace or went to war against its neighbors. They even had the power to decide whether a prisoner of war lived or died. The most famous “beloved woman” among the Overhill Cherokees was Nancy Ward (Nanye’hi: “One who goes about”). Born in the Cherokee town of Chota (near present-day Vonore, TN) in approximately 1738, Nanye’hi was a member of the Wolf clan. She accompanied her husband, Kingfisher, into the Battle of Taliwa in 1755 against her tribe’s foe, the Creeks. When her husband died in battle, the seventeen- year-old Nanye’hi picked up his weapon and helped the Cherokee drive the attacking Creeks off. She then assumed her husband’s place in the tribe and became one of the “War Women of the Cherokee” and eventually “Supreme Beloved Woman,” or Ghigau . As a War Woman, Nanye’hi not only participated in combat but also assumed a prominent role as tribal counselor and arbiter as conducted diplomacy and occasionally released war captives. -
Frontier Figures Bell Ringer Frontier Figures
Frontier Figures He was also known as Little Carpenter. He was a Chero kee peace Bell RingerHe invented the Cherokee chief who played a key role at Fort syllabary which is more Loudoun and supporte d the commonly known as the Transylvania and Watauga Purchases. Cherokee alphabet. He was the father of Dragging Canoe, uncle of Nancy Ward, and great uncle of Sequoyah. He was the second Tennessean to He fought with Andrew Jackson be elected president. A protege of at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Andrew Jackson, this man served as governor of Tennessee, campaigned on a platform of led Texas' army during its Manifest Destiny and steered the revolution, served as president of country into the Mexican War in the Republic of Texas and was the 1846. first governor of Texas. He was a North Carolina land speculator who purchased 20 million He was chosen by Henderson to lead acres of land in Middle Tennessee a group of men overland to establish and Kentucky in the 1775 settlement along the Cumberland Transylvania Purchase. He also River near French Lick in 1779. organized the Cumberland Settlement expeditions and the surveyingFrontier of the Wilderness Figures Road. 1 He was the son of Attakullakulla. He was chosen by Henderson to lead He opposed the Transylvania and a group of settlers to the Cumberland Watauga Purchases. He became Settlement by way of the Holston to leader of the Chickamauga, a group the Tennessee to the Ohio Rivers and of Cherokee who fought against finally down the Cumberland River. white settlements especially in Middle Tennessee. -
Nancy Ward Statue – Origin and Travels of a Unique Historic Art Sculpture (As Published in the Oak Ridger’S Historically Speaking Column on May 23, 2006)
Nancy Ward Statue – Origin and travels of a unique historic art sculpture (As published in The Oak Ridger’s Historically Speaking column on May 23, 2006) The following story is a one that is very personal to me. For the past 30 years I have researched the history of Nancy Ward, Beloved Woman of the Cherokee who lived in what is now East Tennessee during the Revolutionary War era. She was likely the single most influential woman of the era in this area of our country. I got started in this research when John Rice Irwin introduced her to me in a most unusual manner – he asked me to photograph a granite statue of an Indian on a white woman’s grave. To appreciate this unique granite statue, one must first understand this most famous Cherokee Beloved Woman - Nancy Ward. She was born in 1738 in the sacred Cherokee village of Chota on the Little Tennessee River. When she died in 1822 in a small inn she kept on the Ocoee River the story is told by eyewitnesses of a light that left her body floated up to the ceiling and out the door traveling in the direction of Chota. This tumultuous period of history in the land west of the Appalachian mountain range and in the river valleys of the frontier lands in what is now East Tennessee saw the influx of thousands of white settlers and much blood shed. Nancy Ward’s cousin, Dragging Canoe, took a strong stand that to save his people the white settlers must be killed and that no land treaty should be agreed to that took the Cherokee land and gave it to the white settlers. -
Nancy Ward Musical (As Published in the Oak Ridger’S Historically Speaking Column on April 24, 2012) on a Sunday About Two Years Ago, I Met Becky Hobbs
Nancy Ward Musical (As published in The Oak Ridger’s Historically Speaking column on April 24, 2012) On a Sunday about two years ago, I met Becky Hobbs. (see her web site at: http://www.beckyhobbs.com/). She is a well respected song writer and entertainer who lives in Nashville, TN. She had found me through my Nancy Ward web site: http://smithdray.tripod.com/nancyward-index-5.html She had just finished visiting Long Island on the Holston River in Kingsport, TN, where Nancy Ward gave her famous speech in 1781. Becky is a fifth great granddaughter of the Beloved Woman, Nancy Ward of the Cherokee (1738-1822). Becky refers to Nancy Ward by her Cherokee name, Nanyehi. Nancy said at this treaty, "You Americans look at women as though we are nothing. But we are your mothers; you are our sons. Our cry is all for peace. Let it continue. This peace must last forever. Let your mother's sons be ours, our sons be yours. Let your women hear our words." Such profound words! She was the ONLY Native American woman to speak in treaties with white settlers. Obviously she was a woman of powerful influence in both the Cherokee and among the white settlers. As many of you may know, I am a historian because of John Rice Irwin's request for me to take a photograph of a four to five foot statue of Nancy Ward that was on a white woman's grave in the Arnwine Cemetery in Grainger County in the mid 1970's. -
Newsletter of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Partnership • Spring 2018
Newsletter of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Partnership • Spring 2018 – Number 29 Leadership from the Cherokee Nation and the National Trail of Tears Association Sign Memorandum of Understanding Tahlequah, OK Principal Chief Bill John Baker expressed Nation’s Historic Preservation Officer appreciation for the work of the Elizabeth Toombs, whereby the Tribe Association and the dedication of its will be kept apprised of upcoming members who volunteer their time and events and activities happening on talent. or around the routes. The Memo encourages TOTA to engage with The agreement establishes a line for govt. and private entities and routine communications between to be an information source on the Trail of Tears Association and the matters pertaining to Trial resource CHEROKEE NATION PRINCIPAL CHIEF BILL JOHN Cherokee Nation through the Cherokee conservation and protection. BAKER AND THE TRAIL OF TEARS PRESIDENT JACK D. BAKER SIGN A MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING FORMALIZING THE CONTINUED PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE TRAIL OF TEARS ASSOCIATION AND THE CHEROKEE NATION TO PROTECT AND PRESERVE THE ROUTES AS WELL AS EDUCATING THE PUBLIC ABOUT THE HISTORY ASSOCIATED WITH THE TRAIL OF TEARS. Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Bill John Baker and Trail of Tears Association President Jack D. Baker, signed a Memorandum of Understanding on March 1st, continuing a long-time partnership between the association and the tribe. Aaron Mahr, Supt. of the National Trails Intermountain Region, the National Park Service office which oversees the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail said “The Trails Of Tears Association is our primary non-profit volunteer organization on the national historic trail, and the partnership the PICTURED ABOVE: (SEATED FROM L TO R) S. -
Editorial 114 Wheelock Seminary Allen Wright 117 the Paternity of Sequoyah the Inventor of the Cherokee Alphabet Albert V
Chronicles of Oklahoma Volume 1, No. 2 October, 1921 Editorial 114 Wheelock Seminary Allen Wright 117 The Paternity of Sequoyah the Inventor of the Cherokee Alphabet Albert V. Goodpasture 121 Additional Letters of General Stand Watie Edward E. Dale 131 The Flight of the Kickapoos 150 A Word of Appreciation 156 Editorial Page 114 The adjourned session of the annual meeting of the Oklahoma Historical Society was held on Saturday, June 25, 1921. Practically the only business transacted was the consideration of the report of the committee on the revision of the constitution and by- laws of the Society. The revised constitution and by-laws as reported by the committee, were adopted without change. The meeting was well attended. The new constitution and by-laws will be printed and copies will be furnished to each member of the Society. One of the most encouraging features of the work of the Oklahoma Historical Society is the increasing amount of research work that is being done in the material contained in its collections. The amount of research work which has been done in the library of the Society during the year 1921 exceeds that of any previous year of its existence by several hundred per cent. This fact emphasizes the necessity of having the documentary material in the collections of the Society catalogued and made readily available for such use. The practical value of such a collection is seriously impaired unless it can be made available for instant reference by patronizing research workers and students as well as to facilitate the work of the Society’s own officials and employes. -
The Judicial History of the Cherokee Nation from 1721 to 1835
This dissertation has been 64—13,325 microfilmed exactly as received DICKSON, John L ois, 1918- THE JUDICIAL HISTORY OF THE CHEROKEE NATION FROM 1721 TO 1835. The University of Oklahoma, Ph.D., 1964 History, general University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE JUDICIAL HISTORY OF THE CHEROKEE NATION FROM 1721 TO 1835 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY JOHN LOIS DICKSON Norman, Oklahoma 1964 THE JUDICIAL HISTORY OF THE CHEROKEE NATION FROM 1721 TO 1835 APPROVED BY A M ^ rIfaA:. IÀ j ^CV ' “ DISSERTATION (XMHTTEE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Grateful acknowledgement is extended to the follow ing persons vdio have helped me both directly and indirectly: Miss Gabrille W. Jones and Mrs. H. H. Keene of the Thomas Gilcrease Institute of American History and Art, Ttilsa, Okla homa; Miss Sue Thorton and Mrs. Reba Cox of Northeastern State College, Tahlequah, Oklahoma; Miss Louise Cook, Mrs. Dorothy Williams, Mrs. Relia Looney, and Mrs. Mar on B. At kins of the Oklahoma Historical Society; and to Mrs. Alice Timmons of the Phillips Collection as well as the entire staff of the University of Oklahoma Library. Particularly, I would like to thank Mr. Raymond Pillar of Southeastern State College Library for his help in making materials avail able to me. I also wish to thank all members of my doctoral com mittee at the University of Oklahoma and also President Allen £• Shearer, Dr. James Morrison, and Dr. Don Brown of South eastern State College. -
Marion County, Tennessee Many Coming Into Western North Carolina Through in the Beginning Watauga, Swannonoa, and Butt Mountain Gaps
Marion Co., Tennessee – Cherokee Territory Submitted by Nomie Webb Hundreds of settlers moved through mountain gaps, Marion County, Tennessee many coming into Western North Carolina through In the Beginning Watauga, Swannonoa, and Butt Mountain Gaps. ~ Once upon a time, the area of Tennessee was The Great Wagon Road covered by a great inland sea. During a series of to the Carolina frontier. cataclysmic upheavals, giant folds (like an accordion) Early settlers used rose and the sea drained. The draining sea left a wide these routes to reach fertile basin, and the folds became known as the Great western North Carolina. Smoky and Cumberland Mountains. As a lush forest sprang from the basin, soil and groups of Indians settled here. In the 1700s four or five Indian tribes inhabited this area and by then this region belonged to the British Colony of North Carolina. New immigrants to America looking for new lands to settle, began forming groups to penetrate these vast open lands, but the Blue Ridge Mountains were barriers to travel. For that reason it was easier for the new settlers to come into the area of (now) The early settlers crossed the mountains and moved Tennessee from the north than from the east. Many of into the Great Appalachian Valley. these early settlers, therefore came from Virginia, or “overland”, by way of the Kentucky route. Starting as early as 1768 several families came in To the north east corner of this area from the Uplands of North Carolina. They banded together as the Watauga Association in 1771 and spread over the eastern part Of the section. -
Trail of Tears Curriculum Project Under Construction
Newsletter of the Trail of Tears National Historic Trail Partnership • Spring 2019 – Number 31 TRAIL OF TEARS CURRICULUM PROJECT UNDER CONSTRUCTION University of North Alabama PICTURED: At the spring 2018 TOTA national LEFT TO RIGHT: BRIAN board meeting, a vote to partner with CORRIGAN, PUBLIC HISTORIAN/ MSNHA, DR. JEFFREY BIBBEE, the University of North Alabama to PROFESSOR FROM UNA/ALTOTA create a national curriculum for k-12 MEMBER , JUDY SIZEMORE, students on the Trail of Tears cleared MUSCLE SHOALS NATIONAL HERITAGE AREA/ALTOTA the board and gave partners a green MEMBER, ANNA MULLICAN light to begin laying the framework for ARCHAEOLOGIST/EDUCATOR- TOTA’s first ever large-scale curriculum OAKVILLE INDIAN MOUNDS, ANITA FLANAGAN, EASTERN project. BAND OF CHEROKEE INDIANS CITIZEN/ALTOTA BOARD Since then, there has been much MEMBER, DR. CARRIE BARSKE- CRAWFORD, DIRECTOR/MUSCLE ground covered to begin building SHOALS NATIONAL HERITAGE partners for the curriculum with not AREA, SETH ARMSTRONG PUBLIC only TOTA and UNA but also with HISTORIAN/PROFESSOR/ALTOTA MEMBER, SHANNON KEITH, the Muscle Shoals National Heritage ALTOTA CHAPTER PRESIDENT. Area. Just under one year out, our UNA and TOTA are committed to creating Educating students about the trail, who was Alabama planning group has secured something truly transformational for impacted, and the consequences for everyone $20,000.00 from the Muscle Shoals teachers around the country.” involved is essential. This cross-curriculum National Heritage Area, $25,000.00 project will allow teachers to introduce the from the University of North Alabama Dr. Carrie Barske-Crawford, Director of subject into their classes in multiple ways, and another $100,000.00 in in-kind the Muscle Shoals National Heritage hopefully enforcing just how important this contributions from UNA. -
N a Nc Y Wa Rd (The Book Features Her Uncle Attacullaculla
A;: I L I T A R Y AND G E N E A L O G I C A ! RECORDS a= THE FAMOUS INDIANWOMAN; N A NC Y WA RD (THE BOOK FEATURES HER UNCLE ATTACULLACULLA AND HER SON-IN-LAW GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN A~D INDIAN WIFE; bETTY {WARD) MARTI NJ THE STATUE CARVED BY ~~MES ABRAHAM ~ALKER HOLDS A PLATE WI TH ENGRAVING "NANCY WARD, 1776 WATAUGA", 1 N ONE HAND, AND IN THE OTHER A LAMB. NANCY WARD BORN ABOUT 1738 AT foRT LOUOON TENNESSEE OlEO 1N POLK COUNTY TEN~ESSEE ABOUT 1824. JAMES ABRAHAM WALKER WAS BORN IN CLAIBORNE :ouNTY TENNESSEE 1860 DIED IN HARLAN COUNTY 1 WALL I NS CR EEK , KENTUCKY 10/1~/1934. ANi,~ IE WALKER BURNS PO BOX 6183 APEX STATl ON 'NASH I NGTON • 0 .:: • THIS BOOK IS WRI I IEN ANO COMPILED TO HONOR NANCY WA~ THE ,aMOUS TENNRSSEE INDIAN WOMAN, AND TO ALSO HONOR M¥ ,ATHER .. , . SCU~PTURER MIQHT CALL IT CRUO~, IT WAS HIS INTERPRETATION OF JvST HOW SHE IS SUPPOSED TO HAVE LOOKED, ACCORDING TO HISTORIANS AND ALSO DESCRIPTIONS WERE DERIVED ~ROM HEARING HIS ANCESTORS TELL OF HER SAVING THE EARLY SE~LERS OF TENNESSEE, AS THEY WERE THERE ON THE GROUND, IN SULLIVAN COUNTV TENNESSEE, WHICN FACT 1s SHOWN av THE PENSION· RECORD OF EDWARD WAI.KER SR, A REVOLUTIONARY WAR SOLDIER. TH£R! as LlSTED IN THE 1830 CENSUS OF CLAIBORNE COUNTY TENNESSEE (WHERE CUMBERLAND GAP IS S11'UATE0) ON£ BETTY MARTIN, ABOUT THE Rl~HT A~~ (BETWEEN 70-80 IN 183v) TJ HAVE BEEN THE DAU~HTER OF NANCY WARD WHO WAS THE INDIAN wa,E OF GENERAL JOSEPH MARTIN, WHO WAS THE ~IRST INDIAN A~ENT IN TENN!SSCE9 Su~Ll»AN COUNTY, AND SINCE I COULD Jl,OT ~1ND HER LlSTED IN ANY OF THE COUNTIES WHERE NANCY AND BETTY WERE SUPPOSED TO LIV£, I AME INCLINED TO BELIEVE THAT THIS MAY BE HE~ DAUGHTER.