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Social and Geographical Differences in Road Traffic Injury in the Auckland Region

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Social and Geographical Differences in Road Traffic Injury in the Auckland Region Social and geographical differences in road traffic injury in the Auckland region Jamie Hosking, Shanthi Ameratunga, Daniel Exeter, Joanna Stewart Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland Produced for Auckland Transport, 2013. ISBN: 978‐0‐473‐24259‐6 Acknowledgements This report was informed by a stakeholder reference group, the members of which are listed below. This report does not necessarily represent the views of the host organisations of reference group members. Laura Ager ACC Moses Alatini Safekids New Zealand Melanie Bartlett New Zealand Transport Agency Andrew Bell Auckland Transport Julie Chambers Auckland District Health Board Angie Cheong Auckland Transport Juanita deSenna Auckland Transport Greer Hawley Auckland Transport John Kelly New Zealand Police Peter Sandiford Waitemata District Health Board The assistance of the following people and organisations with this report was greatly appreciated: Bridget Kool, Carol Chelimo, Sandar Tin Tin and Alex Macmillan, University of Auckland, for advice on hospitalisation and mortality data and analysis, census data, and travel survey data David Drodskie, Auckland Transport, for providing CAS data Simon Gianotti, ACC, for advice on ACC road traffic injury data Joyce‐Anne Raihania, Injury Prevention Network of Aotearoa New Zealand (IPNANZ), for advice on road traffic injuries among Māori John Wallwork, New Zealand Transport Agency, for advice on use of Driver Licence Registry data Ministry of Transport, for provision of New Zealand Household Travel Survey data Koordinates.com and the Local Government Commission of the Department of Internal Affairs, for provision of data on Auckland local board areas This work includes Statistics New Zealand’s data which are licensed by Statistics New Zealand for re‐ use under the Creative Commons Attribution‐Noncommercial 3.0 New Zealand license. Findings from this research project have also been published in the following journal article: Hosking J, Ameratunga S, Exeter D, Stewart J, Bell A. Ethnic, socioeconomic and geographical inequalities in road traffic injury rates in the Auckland region. Aust NZ J Public Health 2013;37:162‐7. 2 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 2 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................. 5 Overview of report .............................................................................................................................. 5 Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Data sources .................................................................................................................................... 5 Variables analysed .......................................................................................................................... 6 Statistical analysis ........................................................................................................................... 6 Geographic information system (GIS) analysis ............................................................................... 6 Key findings for the Auckland region .................................................................................................. 6 Ethnic differences in road traffic injury risk (Figure 1) ................................................................... 6 Socio‐economic differences in road traffic injury risk (Figure 2) .................................................... 6 Injuries for different travel mode users .......................................................................................... 7 Geographical differences (Figure 3) ................................................................................................ 7 Data quality ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 10 Priority groups for road traffic injury prevention ......................................................................... 11 Data sources .................................................................................................................................. 11 1. Background ....................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Strategic context ......................................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Existing data on road traffic injuries in the Auckland region ...................................................... 14 1.3 Road traffic injury data held by ACC ........................................................................................... 16 1.4 Other sources of road traffic injury and crash data .................................................................... 17 1.5 Research on social and geographical factors .............................................................................. 18 Literature review methods ........................................................................................................... 18 The New Zealand context ............................................................................................................. 18 International research – socio‐economic status ........................................................................... 19 International research – ethnicity ................................................................................................. 20 International research – geographical factors .............................................................................. 20 2. Methods ............................................................................................................................................ 21 2.1 Hospitalisation and mortality data ............................................................................................. 21 2.2 Crash Analysis System (CAS) data ............................................................................................... 22 2.3 Census data ................................................................................................................................. 23 2.4 Household Travel Survey data .................................................................................................... 23 3 2.5 Statistical analysis ....................................................................................................................... 23 2.6 GIS analysis .................................................................................................................................. 23 3. Results ............................................................................................................................................... 24 3.1 Time trends ................................................................................................................................. 24 3.2 Social differences ........................................................................................................................ 25 3.3 Injuries while using different travel modes ................................................................................ 30 Injury risk per capita ..................................................................................................................... 30 Injury risk per time travelled by mode .......................................................................................... 32 3.4 Geographical differences ............................................................................................................ 34 Injuries to schoolchildren .............................................................................................................. 37 3.5 Comparing health sector and CAS data ...................................................................................... 40 Injury severity and time trends ..................................................................................................... 41 Geographical distribution ............................................................................................................. 42 Age and gender ............................................................................................................................. 44 Ethnicity ........................................................................................................................................ 44 Deprivation ................................................................................................................................... 45 Travel mode .................................................................................................................................. 46 4. Discussion .......................................................................................................................................... 47 Appendices ............................................................................................................................................ 50 Appendix 1: Census area units and injury
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