DOCSLIB.ORG

Cephalopoda: Octopodidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) JKAU: Mar. Sci., Vol. 25. 2, pp: 23-40 (2014 A.D. / 1435 A.H.) DOI :10.4197/Mar. 25-2.2 Morphometric variations and genetic analysis of Lessepsian migrant Octopus aegina (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) Inas H. Osman, Howaida R. Gabr, Salah G. El-Etreby and Saad Z. Mohammed Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez CanalUniversity, Ismailia, Egypt Abstract. The taxonomic status of Octopus aegina in Suez Canal, Gulf of Suez (north of the Red Sea) and Mediterranean Seawas elucidated by morphological analysis. Samples were collected seasonally from March 2009 till May 2010. Length weight relationships resulted in that O. aegina exhibits different growth pattern between the three studied sites. Twenty one morphometric indices were used to distinguish the three populations. Independent sample t-test revealed that in the three sites most of the indices are not significantly differed between males and females.While, one Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that all measured morphometric indices of O. aegina are significantly differed between the three studied sites. The morphometric differences between the three populations are most probably due to differences in environmental conditions and resources availability. The genetic evidence indicates that Lessepsian migrant (Octopus sp.) is Octopus aegina. Keywords: Octopus aegina, morphometric variation, Lessepsian migration. Introduction Cephalopod species diversity in the Suez Canal is changing rapidly over the last decades due to the introduction of non-indigenous species of Indo-Pacific origin through Lessepsian migration (EastMed., 2010) . To our knowledge, the existence of any octopus has not previously been 23 24 Inas. Osman ,Howaida .Gabr , Salah. El-Etreby ,Saad. Mohammed reported in Suez Canal area. Octopodidea Octopus aegina is a Lessepsian migrant species (Galil, 2007; EastMed., 2010). However, a population of Octopus aegina, whose original distribution is Indian Ocean and Red Sea, was encountered and recorded for the first time in Suez Canal in March 2009. Generally, cephalopods are known to exhibit great morphological similarity among different species (Espineiraet al., 2009). Morphological variability within species and similarities between species often hamper precise identification (Warnkeet al., 2004). Some of this variability will be due to the fact that few body structures increase in size at the same relative rate (isometric growth) because of the geometric changes that are needed to maintain the function of the structure. Therefore, body structure and organs grow at different rates to maintain the functional and physiological equivalence (Gould, 1966). Also, environmental demands are highly reflected in the morphology of an organism, resulting in a similar form in even distantly related species (Brown et al., 1976). Therefore, relative growth of the same species from different locations has been studied widely by several authors (Sallam, 2000). Documenting the changes in body measurements within and between species may help to overcome difficulties of separating species and / or sexes, especially in the field. In addition, morphological studies help in an understanding of the systematic and phylogeny of a taxonomic group. Systematic knowledge of species and populations is important in understanding the biology, ecology, behavior and fisheries of these forms (Roper and Voss, 1983). Several morphometric (continuous) and meristic (discrete) measurements have been employed to characterize taxonomic groups of cephalopods (Witaker,1978) and to identify differences between species or subspecies (Sanchez et al., 1996) and between populations or stocks of a single species (Vega et al., 2001). A number of morphometric studies have been carried out in other parts of the world on various octopus species, showing that both species and sexes can be separated on a morphological basis (Norman and Hochberg, 2005). Few studies have been done on the morphometric characters of Octopoda in the Egyptian waters (Riad and Gabr, 2007; Riad, 2008). Nevertheless, nothing is known about morphometric Morphometric variations and genetic analysis of Lessepsian… 25 characters and morphological variations of O. aegina in its distribution through Suez Canal, Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Recently, there have been a significant utility of microsatellite DNA markers for examining the genetic structure of marine populations. Genetic markers have increasingly been used in the identification of finfish stocks (Imsiridouet al., 2009), others were related to the molecular phylogenetic state (Piertneyet al., 2003) and some studies were ecological (Moreno et al., 2002).The application of molecular systematic to cephalopods is a relatively young science. Nucleotide sequence data from mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene has been used for phylogenetic analysis of decapod cephalopods (Bonnaudet al., 1994) and octopods (Piertneyet al., 2003). The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA (16S) genes have also been used to examine the phylogeny of squids (Lindgren et al., 2005). The molecular evidence provides an approach to review the taxonomy based on morphological data. Few studies on cephalopods have used mitochondrial DNA to distinguish between species (Warnkeet al., 2004) This study aims to elucidate the morphometric relationships and morphometric variations of Octopus aegina in Suez Canal, Gulf of Suez and Mediterranean Se aand see if changing of habitats causes changes in morphometry. Also, it aims to determine which characters differ significantly between the sexes. Materials and methods Sampling and measurements Octopus aegina was collected from three populations along the coast of Suez Canal, the coast of Suez on Gulf of Suez and the coast of Mediterranean Sea (Figure 1). The samples were collected seasonally from March 2009 till May 2010. The samples were caught by local fishermen using artisanal beach seine and gill net in Suez Canal and industrial trawling nets in Gulf of Suez and Mediterranean. In total, 609 individuals were analyzed, 409 collected from Suez Canal, 152 from Gulf of Suez and 148 from Mediterranean. 26 Inas. Osman ,Howaida .Gabr , Salah. El-Etreby ,Saad. Mohammed All the specimens were stored at −20 °C immediately after collection to avoid contraction. Tissues from the mantle of five representative specimens from Suez Canal were preserved in 95% ethanol until DNA extraction. Fig. 1. Map showing the sampling sites at Suez Canal, Gulf of Suez and Mediterranean Sea. Morphometric characters: In the laboratory, the frozen specimens were thawed at room temperature, and then sexed according to presence or absence of the hectocotylized arm. Standard octopod measurements recommended by (Huffard and Hochberg, 2005) were the basis for this study. Twenty one characters were recorded and the relevant abbreviations are listed in Table (1). All characters were measured with a Varner Caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm and the wet body weight was measured to the nearest 0.1 g. To avoid the effect of size difference, most characters were analyzed in proportion to the dorsal mantle length (DML) (i.e. Body character/DML × 100). A total of eleven indices were calculated and used for analysis, they are namely: Mantle width index (MwdI), Head length index (HLI), Head width index (HwdI), Funnel length index (FLI), Palial opening length index (PaL I), Web 3 depth index (WbD3), Left arm length index for arms numbered from 1 to 4 (LAL1I, LAL2I, LAL3I, LAL4I) and Hectocotyle arm index (Hect.LI). Most of these Morphometric variations and genetic analysis of Lessepsian… 27 indices have been used routinely in previous morphometric studies of octopus (Huffard and Hochberg, 2005). Table 1.Abbreviations and definitions of the measured body characters. Abb Character Definition Twt Total wet weight Weight of the total body to the nearest gram. TL Total length The distance between the base of the mantle and the tip of the longest arm. DML Dorsal mantle length The distance from the base of the mantle to the middle of eyes. VML Ventral mantle length The distance from the base of the mantle to the palial aperture. Mwd Mantle width Measured dorsally at the widest distance across the mantle. HL Head length Measured along antero-postero axis of the head. Hwd Head width Measured as the greatest width of the head at level of eyes. FL Funnel length The total funnel length when normally positioned. FFL Free funnel length The length of the funnel when turned downward. PaL Pallial aperture Measured between the points of attachment of the mantle to the head along the ventral margin of the mantle. WbD Web depth The distance from the centre of the arms to the outer edge of the web. LAL 1 Left arm length for arm The distance from the terminal tip of the arm to its base. number 1 Hect. L Hectocotylezed arm length The distance from the terminal tip of the hectocotylezed arm to its base. LL Ligula length Measured from the most distal sucker to the tip of the ligula. CaL Calamus length Measured from last distal –most sucker to calamus distal tip. ScLA1 Number of suckers on left Count the number of suckers along the entire designated arm 1 arm (to arm tip). ScHect Number of suckers on Count the number of suckers along the entire hectocotyle arm hectocotyle arm. ESD Enlarged sucker diameter Measurement of the diameter of the enlarged sucker. NSD Normal sucker diameter Measurement of the diameter of the normal suckers (along the arms number 1 and 8). GC Gill lamellae count Number of lamellae on the outer demibranch. GL Gill length Measured across the length of the demibranch. Length weight relationship The relationship between total length (TL) and total wet weight (TWt)–as ln-transformed data- were analyzed for males and females of Octopus aegina at each studied site by the power regression method, 28 Inas. Osman ,Howaida .Gabr , Salah. El-Etreby ,Saad. Mohammed TWt= aTLb(Ricker, 1979) where (a) is a coefficient related to body form and (b) is an exponent indicating isometric growth when equal to 3; values significantly larger or smaller than 3.0 show allometric growth (Ricker, 1975). In order to verify if calculated b was significantly different from 3, the Student’s t-test was employed.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Genetic Identification of Octopodidae Species in Southern California Seafood Markets: Species Diversity and Resource Implications
    Genetic Identification of Octopodidae Species in Southern California Seafood Markets: Species Diversity and Resource Implications Chase Martin Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego Abstract Various species of Octopodidae are commonly found in seafood markets throughout Southern California. Most of the octopus available for purchase is imported, with the majority of imports coming from various Asian nations. Despite the diversity of global octopus species, products are most commonly labeled as simply “octopus,” with some distinctions being made in size, e.g., “baby” or “little octopus.” In efforts to characterize species diversity, this study genetically tested 59 octopus samples from a variety of seafood markets in Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego Counties. Universal 16S rRNA primers (ref) and CO1 primers developed by Folmer et al. (1994) were used for PCR amplification and sequencing of mtDNA. In all, 105 sequences were acquired. Seven species were identified with some confidence. Amphioctopus aegina was the most prevalent species, while two additional species were undetermined. Little available data exists pertaining to octopus fisheries of the countries of production of the samples. Most available information on octopus fisheries pertains to those of Mediterranean and North African nations, and identifies the Octopus vulgaris as the fished species. Characterizing octopus diversity in Southern California seafood markets and assessing labeling and countries of production provides the necessary first step for assessing the possible management implications of these fisheries and seafood supply chain logistics for this group of cephalopods. Introduction Octopuses are exclusively marine cephalopod mollusks that form the order Octopoda.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Relationships Among Octopodidae Species in Coastal Waters of China Inferred from Two Mitochondrial DNA Gene Sequences Z.M
    Phylogenetic relationships among Octopodidae species in coastal waters of China inferred from two mitochondrial DNA gene sequences Z.M. Lü, W.T. Cui, L.Q. Liu, H.M. Li and C.W. Wu Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, College of Marine Sciences, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China Corresponding author: Z.M. Lü E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 12 (3): 3755-3765 (2013) Received January 21, 2013 Accepted August 20, 2013 Published September 19, 2013 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2013.September.19.7 ABSTRACT. Octopus in the family Octopodidae (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) has been generally recognized as a “catch-all” genus. The monophyly of octopus species in China’s coastal waters has not yet been studied. In this paper, we inferred the phylogeny of 11 octopus species (family Octopodidae) in China’s coastal waters using nucleotide sequences of two mitochondrial DNA genes: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S rRNA. Sequence analysis of both genes revealed that the 11 species of Octopodidae fell into four distinct groups, which were genetically distant from one another and exhibited identical phylogenetic resolution. The phylogenies indicated strongly that the genus Octopus in China’s coastal waters is also not monophyletic, and it is therefore clear that the Octopodidae systematics in this area requires major revision. It is demonstrated that partial sequence information of both the mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and COI could be used as diagnostic molecular markers in the identification and resolution of the taxonomic ambiguity of Octopodidae species. Key words: Molecular phylogeny; Mitochondrial DNA gene sequences; Octopodidae species; COI; 16S rRNA Genetics and Molecular Research 12 (3): 3755-3765 (2013) ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Z.M.
    [Show full text]
  • Abhandlungen Der Geologischen Bundesanstalt in Wien
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Abhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt in Wien Jahr/Year: 2002 Band/Volume: 57 Autor(en)/Author(s): Gleadall I.G. Artikel/Article: The Pseudophallus of the Incirrate Octopoda: An Organ Specialized for Releasing Spermatophores Singly 69-78 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at ABHANDLUNGEN DER GEOLOGISCHEN BUNDESANSTALT Abh. Geol. B.-A. ISSN 0016–7800 ISBN 3-85316-14-X Band 57 S. 69–78 Wien, Februar 2002 Cephalopods – Present and Past Editors: H. Summesberger, K. Histon & A. Daurer The Pseudophallus of the Incirrate Octopoda: An Organ Specialized for Releasing Spermatophores Singly IAN G. GLEADALL*) 5 Text-Figures and 4 Tables Octopoda Incirrata Penis Pseudophallus Extensor Muscle Terminal Organ Contents Zusammenfassung ....................................................................................................... 69 Abstract ................................................................................................................. 69 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 70 2. Methods ................................................................................................................. 70 2.1. Dissection ........................................................................................................... 70 2.2. Electrical Stimulation ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Mitogenomic Phylogeny and Genetic History of Amphioctopus Fangsiao (D’Orbigny 1839-1841) from China
    Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 6(2) 1-16 2020 A mitogenomic phylogeny and genetic history of Amphioctopus fangsiao (d’Orbigny 1839-1841) from China Lashari P.1,3; Wei Ch.; Gong L.1; Liu L.1; Jiang L.1; Liu B.1; Muhammad F.2; Laghari M.Y.3; Lashari Kh.H.3; Waryani B.3; Hlaing N.N.S.4; Yingying Ye1; Lü Z.1* Received: March 2019 Accepted: November 2019 Abstract Phylogeny and genetic diversity of Amphioctopus fangsiao were assessed by sequence analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes, sequenced from 15 individuals of nine populations. The whole mtDNA genomes size were ranging from 15977 to 15990 bp. Data revealed 1642 polymorphic sites and 1023 parsimony informative sites. The phylogenetic analysis based on neighbor joining tree disclosed two clades. It consisted of four (Dalian, Yantai, Qingdao and Nantong) and five populations (Shanghai, Zhoushan, Xiamen, Dongshan and Zhanjiang). Genetic differentiation coefficient (FST) was recorded higher i.e 0.61476. While, the AMOVA analysis showed that 61.48% of the genetic variation existed between the two clades. However, only 38.52% of the genetic variation existed within each clade. In further, the net genetic distance between the two groups was 0.030. The possible reason of differentiation is quaternary glacial period and Yangtze River. Keywords: Amphioctopus fangsiao, mtDNA, genetic differentiation, phylogeny, populations. 1-National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, College of Marine Downloaded from sifisheriessciences.com at 17:05 +0330 on Thursday September 23rd 2021 [ DOI: 10.18331/SFS2020.6.2.1 ] Sciences and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, No.1, Haida South Road, Lincheng Changzhi Island, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022 P.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethological Studies of the Veined Octopus Amphioctopus Marginatus (Taki) (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in Captivity
    Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June 2013 | 5(10): 4492–4497 Ethological studies of the Veined Octopus Amphioctopus marginatus (Taki) (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) in captivity, Kerala, India ISSN Short Communication Short Online 0974-7907 V. Sreeja 1 & A. Bijukumar 2 Print 0974-7893 1,2 Department of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: Five Veined Octopus Amphioctopus marginatus (Taki), & Anderson 1993) is further proof of their complex collected from Vizhinjam Bay in the Thiruvananthapuram District of Kerala, India were kept in aquariums to study their behaviour in behaviour. The octopus is the only invertebrate which captivity. Primary and secondary defence mechanisms studied included has been shown to use tools and is considered as a crypsis, hiding and escape behaviour. Deimatic behaviour was used by benchmark for cognitive sophistication (Finn et al. captive animals when camouflage failed and they were threatened. Crawling behaviour to escape from the aquarium was observed in all 2009). specimens. Stilt walking and bi-pedal locomotion were also observed. Octopuses are dioecious animals with internal As a defence behaviour, A. marginatus used aquarium rocks to protect fertilization. Breeding occurs seasonally. Mating the soft underside of their bodies. A. marginatus demonstrated tool use of coconut shells to make protective shelters, carrying the shells has been considered opportunistic, indiscriminate for future use. A female specimen also selected a coconut shell for and almost devoid of complex behaviour (Hanlon egg laying and performed parental care by continuously cleaning and & Messenger 1996).
    [Show full text]
  • Born with Bristles: New Insights on the Kölliker's Organs of Octopus Skin
    Born With Bristles: New Insights on the Kölliker’s Organs of Octopus Skin Roger Villanueva, Montserrat Coll-Lladó, Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli, Sergio Carrasco, Oscar Escolar, Fernando Á. Fernández-Álvarez, Ian Gleadall, Jaruwat Nabhitabhata, Nicolás Ortiz, Carlos Rosas, et al. To cite this version: Roger Villanueva, Montserrat Coll-Lladó, Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli, Sergio Carrasco, Oscar Escolar, et al.. Born With Bristles: New Insights on the Kölliker’s Organs of Octopus Skin. Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media, 2021, 8, 10.3389/fmars.2021.645738. hal-03326946 HAL Id: hal-03326946 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03326946 Submitted on 26 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. fmars-08-645738 May 10, 2021 Time: 10:52 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 10 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.645738 Born With Bristles: New Insights on Edited by: Rachel Collin, the Kölliker’s Organs of Octopus Skin Smithsonian Tropical Research 1 † 2† 3† Institute (SI), United States Roger Villanueva * , Montserrat Coll-Lladó , Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli , Sergio A. Carrasco4†, Oscar Escolar1†, Fernando Á. Fernández-Álvarez1,5†, Reviewed by: Ian G. Gleadall6,7†, Jaruwat Nabhitabhata8†, Nicolás Ortiz9†, Carlos Rosas10†, Carsten Lueter, 1† 11† 2† Museum of Natural History Berlin Pilar Sánchez , Janet R.
    [Show full text]
  • Dear Authors. Please See Below for Specific Edits Allowed on This Document (So That We Can Keep Track of Changes / Updates): 1
    _______________________________________________________ Dear authors. Please see below for specific edits allowed on this document (so that we can keep track of changes / updates): 1. Affiliations (Suggesting mode) 2. Comments only on sections 1-6, 8-14 (unless it is your groups’ section, in which case edits using Suggesting mode allowed) 3. Edits and contributions can be made by anyone, using Suggesting mode, to sections 7, 15-18. NB! Suggesting mode- see fig below: pencil icon at top right of toolbar must be selected as Suggesting (not Editing). ___________________________________________________________ WORLD OCTOPUS FISHERIES Warwick H. Sauer[1], Zöe Doubleday[2], Nicola Downey-Breedt[3], Graham Gillespie[4], Ian G. Comentario [1]: Note: Authors Gleadall[5], Manuel Haimovici[6], Christian M. Ibáñez[7], Stephen Leporati[8], Marek Lipinski[9], Unai currently set up as: W. Sauer Markaida[10], Jorge E. Ramos[11], Rui Rosa[12], Roger Villanueva[13], Juan Arguelles[14], Felipe A. (major lead), followed by section leads in alphabetical order, Briceño[15], Sergio A. Carrasco[16], Leo J. Che[17], Chih-Shin Chen[18], Rosario Cisneros[19], Elizabeth followed by section contributors in Conners[20], Augusto C. Crespi-Abril[21], Evgenyi N. Drobyazin[22], Timothy Emery[23], Fernando A. alphabetical order. Fernández-Álvarez[24], Hidetaka Furuya[25], Leo W. González[26], Charlie Gough[27], Oleg N. Katugin[28], P. Krishnan[29], Vladimir V. Kulik[30], Biju Kumar[31], Chung-Cheng Lu[32], Kolliyil S. Mohamed[33], Jaruwat Nabhitabhata[34], Kyosei Noro[35], Jinda Petchkamnerd[36], Delta Putra[37], Steve Rocliffe[38], K.K. Sajikumar[39], Geetha Hideo Sakaguchi[40], Deepak Samuel[41], Geetha Sasikumar[42], Toshifumi Wada[43], Zheng Xiaodong[44], Anyanee Yamrungrueng[45].
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Cephalopoda Primary Types
    Ver. 2 March 2017 RECENT CEPHALOPOD PRIMARY TYPE SPECIMENS: A SEARCHING TOOL Compiled by Michael J. Sweeney Introduction. This document was first initiated for my personal use as a means to easily find data associated with the ever growing number of Recent cephalopod primary types. (Secondary types (paratypes, etc) are not included due to the large number of specimens involved.) With the excellent resources of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and the help of many colleagues, it grew in size and became a resource to share with others. Along the way, several papers were published that addressed some of the problems that were impeding research in cephalopod taxonomy. A common theme in each paper was the need to locate and examine types when publishing taxonomic descriptions; see Voss (1977:575), Okutani (2005:46), Norman and Hochberg (2005b:147). These publications gave me the impetus to revive the project and make it readily available. I would like to thank the many individuals who assisted me with their time and knowledge, especially Clyde Roper, Mike Vecchione, Eric Hochberg and Mandy Reid. Purpose. This document should be used as an aid for finding the location of types, type names, data, and their publication citation. It is not to be used as an authority in itself or to be cited as such. The lists below will change over time as more research is published and ambiguous names are resolved. It is only a search aid and data from this document should be independently verified prior to publication. My hope is that this document will make research easier and faster for the user.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of DNA Barcoding for Controlling of the Species From
    Italian Journal of Food Safety 2014; volume 3:4521 Application of DNA barcoding oxidase (COI) gene. This gene codes for one part of the terminal enzyme of the mithocondr- Correspondence: Tiziana Civera, Dipartimento di for controlling of the species ial respiratory chain. The COI gene has been Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di from Octopus genus chosen as a universal molecular target since it Torino, largo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), allows the design of universal, r obust and Italy. Francesco Debenedetti,1 functional primers for almost all the members Tel. +39.011.67092 - Fax: +39.011.6709224. E-mail: [email protected] Alessandra Dalmasso,1 of the animal Phyla (Folmer et al., 1994). The Maria Teresa Bottero,1 effectiveness of this fragment for the identifi- Key words: DNA barcoding, Octopus spp., Maurizio Gilli,2 Stefano Gili,2 cation of species has been demonstrated for Commercial frauds. Valentina Tepedino,3 Tiziana Civera1 several animal species, from vertebrates to invertebrates (Waugh, 2007; Ward and Conflict of interests: the authors declare no 1Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Holmes, 2007). Recently, this technique was potential conflict of interests. Università degli Studi di Torino, recognised as the best method in forensics for 2 Received for publication: 8 July 2014. Grugliasco (TO); ASLTO1, Torino; species identification, and was proposed by the 3Eurofishmarket, Bologna, Italy Revision received:. - United States Food and Drug Administration Accepted for publication: 15 September 2014. (USFDA) as the methodology for the authenti- cation of commercial fish products (Dawnay et This work is licensed under a Creative Commons al., 2007). The US agency has also the inten- Attribution 3.0 License (by-nc 3.0).
    [Show full text]
  • Cephalopod Culture
    springer.com Environment : Marine & Freshwater Sciences Iglesias, J., Fuentes, L., Villanueva, R. (Eds.) Cephalopod Culture Provides details on methods used in the different stages of cephalopod culture: obtaining and maintaining brood stock, the spawning process, larval rearing and on growing Includes recent breakthroughs (i.e. successful rearing of large octopus hatchlings on a wholly artificial diet of squid paste) Emphasis on the additional economic benefits of cephalopod culture (such as restocking) Contains a wealth of information on cephalopod constraints and bottlenecks in the culturing process Cephalopod Culture is the first compilation of research on the culture of cephalopods. It describes experiences of culturing different groups of cephalopods: nautiluses, sepioids (Sepia officinalis, Sepia pharaonis, Sepiella inermis, Sepiella japonica Euprymna hyllebergi, Euprymna Springer tasmanica), squids (Loligo vulgaris, Doryteuthis opalescens, Sepioteuthis lessoniana) and 2014, XIII, 494 p. 125 illus., octopods (Amphioctopus aegina, Enteroctopus megalocyathus, Octopus maya, Octopus mimus, 1st 53 illus. in color. Octopus minor, Octopus vulgaris, Robsonella fontaniana). It also includes the main conclusions edition which have been drawn from the research and the future challenges in this field. This makes this book not only an ideal introduction to cephalopod culture, but also a valuable resource for those already involved in this topic. Printed book Hardcover Order online at springer.com/booksellers Springer Nature Customer Service Center LLC Printed book 233 Spring Street Hardcover New York, NY 10013 ISBN 978-94-017-8647-8 USA $ 249,99 T: +1-800-SPRINGER NATURE Available (777-4643) or 212-460-1500 Discount group [email protected] Professional Books (2) Product category Contributed volume Other renditions Softcover ISBN 978-94-024-0779-2 Softcover ISBN 978-94-017-8649-2 Prices and other details are subject to change without notice.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Biogeography of an Australian Subtropical Octopus with Japanese Affinities
    Proceedings of the 7th and 8th Symposia on Collection Building and Natural History Studies in Asia and the Pacific Rim, edited by Y. Tomida et al., National Science Museum Monographs, (34): 171–189, 2006. Taxonomy and Biogeography of an Australian Subtropical Octopus with Japanese Affinities Mark D. Norman1 and Tsunemi Kubodera2 1 Sciences, Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, 3–23–1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169–0073 Japan E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A distinctive small octopus (Amphioctopus cf kagoshimensis) is here described from the subtropical waters of eastern Australia. Reports from northern New Zealand are also attributed to this taxon. This small crepuscular animal lives in shallow waters (typically Ͻ100 m) and feeds primarily on shellfish which it drills to poison and extract prey. The Australasian octopus reported here shows very strong morphological similarities with Amphioctopus kagoshimensis (Ortmann 1888), an octo- pus which occurs in comparable subtropical latitudes in the northern hemisphere (from southern Japan south to Taiwan). A number of marine species and genera have been reported in the past as having split distributions between subtropical latitudes in both hemispheres. This pattern has been termed “antitropical” or “bipolar”, and three main theories have been coined to explain how such a disjunct distribution arose or is maintained. Prior reports of antitropical species are discussed and we suggest that few true bipolar species exist, these primarily being pelagic cool-water species capable of traversing large distances in their temperature-tolerant adult stages.
    [Show full text]
  • Coconut Or Veined Octopus
    Coconut or veined octopus Photo used by permission from Richard Carmody Scientific name: Amphioctopus marginatus Distribution: Size: Sandy bottoms in Indo-Pacific Up to six inches long (over 15 waters including the Philippines at centimeters). depths up to 144 feet (44m). Additional information: The coconut octopus is named for its tendency to carry around halves of coconut shells, which provide it with protection when needed. It is one of at least two octopus species that have been observed using bipedal locomotion, in which the octopus walks on only two legs at one time while the other six are curled up. Inspiring Conservation of Our Marine Environment Giant Pacific octopus Scientific name: Enteroctopus dofleini Distribution: Temperate Pacific waters from southern California to Alaska and west to the Aleutian Islands and Japan. Lifespan: Size: 3–5 years. Up to 150 pounds with an arm span of up to 20 feet across. Additional information: Giant Pacific octopuses have huge appetites. They can consume 2–4% and gain 1–2% of their body weight each day. That’s the equivalent of a 150-pound person eating up to six pounds of food and gaining up to three pounds every single day! Their diets consist of crustaceans (Dungeness crabs are a particular favorite); mollusks such as clams, squid, and even other species of octopus; and fish. Inspiring Conservation of Our Marine Environment Greater blue-ringed octopus Photo used by permission from Richard Carmody Scientific name: Hapalochlaena lunulata Distribution: Size: Found on sandy bottoms, small About the size of a golf ball as corals and clumps of algae in adults: around three inches (8.5cm) shallow reefs and tide pools long with an arm span up to 7.75 from northern Australia to Japan, inches (7cm) from tip to tip.
    [Show full text]