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Developing and Implementing Programming for Students with ASD

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Developing and Implementing Programming for Students with ASD Developing and Implementing Programming for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Developing and Implementing Programming for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder Website References Website references contained within this document are provided solely as a convenience and do not constitute an endorsement by the Department of Education of the content, policies, or products of the referenced website. The department does not control the referenced websites and is not responsible for the accuracy, legality, or content of the referenced websites or for that of subsequent links. Referenced website content may change without notice. School boards and educators are required under the department’s Public School Programs’ Network Access and Use Policy to preview and evaluate sites before recommending them for student use. If an outdated or inappropriate site is found, please report it to [email protected]. Developing and Implementing Programming for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder © Crown copyright, Province of Nova Scotia, 2012 Prepared by the Department of Education The contents of this publication may be reproduced in part provided the intended use is for non-commercial purposes and full acknowledgment is given to the Nova Scotia Department of Education. Where this document indicates a specific copyright holder, permission to reproduce the material must be obtained directly from that copyright holder. Cover photographs may not be extracted or re-used. Every effort has been made to acknowledge original sources and to comply with copyright law. If cases are identified where this has not been done, please notify the Nova Scotia Department of Education at [email protected]. Errors or omissions will be corrected in a future edition. Sincere thanks to the authors and publishers who allowed their original material to be adapted or reproduced. Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Main entry under title. Developing and implementing programming for students with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Nova Scotia. Department of Education. ISBN: 978-1-55457-458-2 1. Autistic children—Nova Scotia. 2. Autistic children—Education—Handbooks manuals etc. I. Nova Scotia. Department of Education. 371.94–ddc22 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgments This document is based largely on the works of various ministries of education across Canada, including Manitoba Education’s Supporting Inclusive Schools: A Handbook for Developing and Implementing Programming for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2005), The Newfoundland and Labrador Student Support Services document Teaching Students with Autistic Spectrum Disorders (2003), the Saskatchewan Education document Teaching Students with Autism: A Guide for Educators (1999), the Alberta Learning document Teaching Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (2003), the British Columbia Ministry of Education document Teaching Students with Autism: A Resource Guide for Schools (2000), and the Ontario Ministry of Education document Effective Educational Practices for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Resource Guide (2007). We are indebted to these provinces for allowing us to use their valuable resources. The Nova Scotia Department of Education would like to thank the following people for their contribution to this document. Billyjoe Ackert Autism Support Teacher, Halifax Regional School Board Dr. Susan Bryson Professor and Craig Chair in Autism Research, IWK Health Centre–Dalhousie University Fabienne Cochrane Regional Behaviour Specialist, Halifax Regional School Board Daniel Demers Special Education Consultant, Nova Scotia Department of Education Colleen Doucette Starfish Educational Consulting Kym Hume Autism Consultant, Annapolis Valley Regional School Board Susan Jozsa Autism Specialist, Halifax Regional School Board Autism Consultant, Nova Scotia Department of Education DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING PROGRAMING FOR iii STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER Lori Logue Autism Consultant, Nova Scotia Department of Education Dianne MacDonald Youth Services Facilitator, Strait Regional School Board Yvonne Rafuse Student Development Coordinator (Elementary), South Shore Regional School Board Dawn Steele Guidance Consultant, Nova Scotia Department of Education CONTENTS Contents Introduction ............................................................................................1 Background ........................................................................................1 Purpose...............................................................................................2 Key Principles .....................................................................................2 Section 1: What is Autism Spectrum Disorder? .......................................5 Pervasive Developmental Disorders ....................................................5 Section 2: Characteristics and Associated Features of ASD— A Closer Look ..........................................................................................9 Characteristics of ASD........................................................................9 Associated Features of ASD ..............................................................25 Summary .........................................................................................36 Section 3: Program Planning for Students with ASD ............................37 The Program Planning Process .........................................................37 Planning and Assessment Tools .........................................................44 Section 4: Teaching Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders— A Focus on Strategies .............................................................................49 A Focus on Strategies ........................................................................49 Teaching Tools: Strategies to Support the Student with ASD across Settings and Curriculum Areas ............................................53 Additional Strategies .........................................................................79 The Teaching Process ........................................................................80 Strategies to Address the Characteristics of ASD ...............................89 Section 5: Supporting Students with ASD and Their Challenging Behaviours .......................................................................125 Developing Strategies that Support Achievement of Student Outcomes ......................................................................125 Summary: Suggestions for Managing Challenging Behaviour .........136 DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING PROGRAMING FOR v STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER CONTENTS Section 6: Asperger’s Syndrome ..........................................................139 Recognizing Asperger’s Syndrome ...................................................139 Learning and Behavioural Characteristics of Students with Asperger’s Syndrome .............................................140 Strategies for Teaching Students with Asperger’s Syndrome .............144 Section 7: Transition Planning.............................................................149 Transition Planning for Students with ASD ....................................149 Strategies to Help with Transitions between Activities and Settings .................................................................150 Summary ........................................................................................156 Appendices...........................................................................................157 Appendix A: Sample Adaptation Planning Form ............................159 Appendix B: Autism and Assistive Technology ................................160 Appendix C: Communication Dictionary .......................................164 Appendix D: Home–School Communication Book .......................166 Appendix E: Behavioural Supports for Students with ASD .............167 Appendix F: Components of an Individual Program Plan with Behavioural Outcomes ................................................................192 Appendix G: Behaviour Observation and Data Collection Chart for Determining the Function of Behaviours ...............................194 Appendix H: Tips for Teaching High Functioning People with Autism ................................................................................196 Appendix I: Organizations ..............................................................200 Glossary ...............................................................................................205 Resources .............................................................................................209 Video Resources .............................................................................209 Technology Resources .....................................................................210 Internet Resources ..........................................................................211 Valuable Asperger’s Resources .........................................................213 Nova Scotia Department of Education Resources ...........................215 Autism Resources on the Nova Scotia School Book Bureau (NSSBB) Authorized Learning Resources (ALR) Database ........................218 References ............................................................................................233 DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING PROGRAMING FOR VI STUDENTS WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER INTRODUCTION Introduction Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurologically
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