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District of Oak Bay Speed Limit Review

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District of Oak Bay Speed Limit Review DISTRICT OF OAK BAY SPEED LIMIT REVIEW OCTOBER 2016 Blank District of Oak Bay Speed Limit Review DISTRICT OF OAK BAY SPEED LIMIT REVIEW EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Over time, the District of Oak Bay has seen the introduction of a rather large number of speed zones ranging from 20 km/h to the municipal standard limit of 50 km/h. It is known that driver compliance to these speed zones is often poor. As well, there is a concern that many different speed zones may be confusing to drivers, particularly for drivers from elsewhere in the region or tourists. Adept Transportation Solutions was retained to review available research, practices elsewhere, and conditions in Oak Bay and to make recommendations for a systematic process for determining a speed limit for a particular street. A review of the literature and current practice shows a pervasive view that most drivers are cautious and competent. It has become a norm that the speed not exceeded by 85% of drivers is a reasonable speed. The very low accident rates experienced on most streets attests to this idea. The research also suggests, however, that some drivers may misjudge their abilities or may not be aware of all of the hazards facing them. Regulating speeds through set speed limits and enforcement is an attempt to provide additional information to a prudent driver. The District has obtained speed information over many years and many locations so that a comprehensive understanding of driver behaviour can be had. In Oak Bay compliance to speed limits is generally very good with some streets, typically with high traffic volumes, good sight distances and relatively wide travel lanes having speeds somewhat over the posted limits. Streets that are posted 40 km/h or less often have poor compliance. This reinforces the notion that speed is more a function of drivers’ perceptions of safety rather than the posted limit. Current procedures for setting speed limits were reviewed and the Transportation Association of Canada approach has been recommended as it is supported by research and practice is widely used across Canada and provides consistent results using available data. The procedure suggests that speed zones should be consistent with as little change as possible so that they are easy to understand. Short streets are not posted as actual speeds are usually very low. A consultation process was undertaken and input from 197 residents was obtained. There was broad support for lower speed limits on local streets. Limits on collectors and arterials attracted starkly opposing views with some wanting speed limits as low as 30 km/h on streets such as Oak Bay Avenue and Cadboro Bay Road and some wanting 50 km/h everywhere or at least on major roads. After excluding streets less than 500 metres in length, suggested speed limits were developed for 55 streets using the TAC computer model. A summary of the overall conclusions is: Major arterial roads, particularly with bus routes, should be posted 50 km/h. Page i Posting speed limits on arterial roads higher than local roads should provide for better transit productivity, reductions in greenhouse gas production and will attract traffic from parallel local streets, which is desirable. It is recommended that residential and collector roads in Oak Bay be designated 40 km/h. It is also recommended that most major arterials be posted at 50 km/h. School and playgrounds should be signed in accordance TAC guidelines. Recommended speed zones determined by the TAC procedure are shown on Page 22. Over time, residents may wish to have changes made to speed limits. It is recommended that such requests be evaluated by the Engineering Department using the TAC procedure. A summary of the analysis would be provided to the requestors explaining the reasons for the decision. In the case where residents are not satisfied, their recourse is to approach Council. It is further recommended that any changes made to speed limits be reviewed after one year and reviewed again every five years thereafter. ii | P a g e District of Oak Bay Speed Limit Review TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ i Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Policy and Planning Context .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Understanding Speed Limits Theory and Practice ......................................................................................................... 6 Types of Speed Limits ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Literature Review ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Methods and Practices for Setting Speed Limits ........................................................................................................... 9 Procedures for Setting Speed Limits ............................................................................................................................ 11 Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) .......................................................................................................... 11 Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) ............................................................................................................. 11 Ministère des Transports, Quebec .......................................................................................................................... 12 Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure (MOTI)............................................................................................ 12 City of Vancouver .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Warrant Systems ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 Stakeholder Consultation ............................................................................................................................................ 13 Oak Bay Fire ........................................................................................................................................................ 13 Oak Bay Police ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 BC Transit ............................................................................................................................................................ 14 ICBC and Crash History........................................................................................................................................ 15 District of Saanich ............................................................................................................................................... 15 City of Victoria..................................................................................................................................................... 15 Public Consultation ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 Speeds on Oak Bay Streets Today ............................................................................................................................... 17 How Speed is Measured .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Speed Behaviour in Oak Bay ................................................................................................................................... 19 Page iii Determination of Appropriate speed Limits ................................................................................................................ 19 Speed Limits and Traffic Diversion .............................................................................................................................. 23 Review of Selected Locations ...................................................................................................................................... 26 Options ........................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Option 1 – Status Quo ......................................................................................................................................... 28 Option 2 – Neighbourhood Speed Zone ............................................................................................................. 28 Option 3 – Transportation Association of Canada Guideline .............................................................................. 28 Option 4 – Statutory Limits ................................................................................................................................. 29 Option 5 – District-Wide Speed Zone ................................................................................................................
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