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Standard Operating Procedures for Scientific Diving
Standard Operating Procedures for Scientific Diving The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas Texas 78373 Amended January 9, 2020 1 This standard operating procedure is derived in large part from the American Academy of Underwater Sciences standard for scientific diving, published in March of 2019. FOREWORD “Since 1951 the scientific diving community has endeavored to promote safe, effective diving through self-imposed diver training and education programs. Over the years, manuals for diving safety have been circulated between organizations, revised and modified for local implementation, and have resulted in an enviable safety record. This document represents the minimal safety standards for scientific diving at the present day. As diving science progresses so must this standard, and it is the responsibility of every member of the Academy to see that it always reflects state of the art, safe diving practice.” American Academy of Underwater Sciences ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Academy thanks the numerous dedicated individual and organizational members for their contributions and editorial comments in the production of these standards. Revision History Approved by AAUS BOD December 2018 Available at www.aaus.org/About/Diving Standards 2 Table of Contents Volume 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Section 1.00 GENERAL POLICY ........................................................................................................................ -
Dive Theory Guide
DIVE THEORY STUDY GUIDE by Rod Abbotson CD69259 © 2010 Dive Aqaba Guidelines for studying: Study each area in order as the theory from one subject is used to build upon the theory in the next subject. When you have completed a subject, take tests and exams in that subject to make sure you understand everything before moving on. If you try to jump around or don’t completely understand something; this can lead to gaps in your knowledge. You need to apply the knowledge in earlier sections to understand the concepts in later sections... If you study this way you will retain all of the information and you will have no problems with any PADI dive theory exams you may take in the future. Before completing the section on decompression theory and the RDP make sure you are thoroughly familiar with the RDP, both Wheel and table versions. Use the appropriate instructions for use guides which come with the product. Contents Section One PHYSICS ………………………………………………page 2 Section Two PHYSIOLOGY………………………………………….page 11 Section Three DECOMPRESSION THEORY & THE RDP….……..page 21 Section Four EQUIPMENT……………………………………………page 27 Section Five SKILLS & ENVIRONMENT…………………………...page 36 PHYSICS SECTION ONE Light: The speed of light changes as it passes through different things such as air, glass and water. This affects the way we see things underwater with a diving mask. As the light passes through the glass of the mask and the air space, the difference in speed causes the light rays to bend; this is called refraction. To the diver wearing a normal diving mask objects appear to be larger and closer than they actually are. -
Package 'Scuba'
Package ‘scuba’ May 14, 2021 Version 1.11-0 Date 2021-05-14 Title Diving Calculations and Decompression Models Author Adrian Baddeley [aut, cre], Vittorio Broglio [ctb, dtc], Pedro Antonio Neves [ctb, dtc], Andrew Bassom [ctb], Peter Buzzacott [ctb] Maintainer Adrian Baddeley <[email protected]> Depends R (>= 3.5.0) Imports utils, graphics, stats Description Code for describing and manipulating scuba diving profiles (depth-time curves) and decompression models, for calculating the predictions of decompression models, for calculating maximum no-decompression time and decompression tables, and for performing mixed gas calculations. License GPL (>= 2) LazyData true ByteCompile true NeedsCompilation yes Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2021-05-14 11:20:02 UTC R topics documented: scuba-package . .2 air..............................................7 ascent . .8 baron . .9 bestdoubledive . 10 Bookspan . 12 1 2 scuba-package BuehlmannL16A . 13 chop.dive . 14 deco.ceiling . 15 deepmine . 17 depths.dive . 18 descent . 19 dive ............................................. 20 durations.dive . 23 ead.............................................. 24 END............................................. 25 haldane . 26 hm.............................................. 30 is.nitrox . 32 maxmix . 33 Mmix ............................................ 34 mod............................................. 36 ndl.............................................. 37 nitrox . 38 oxtox . 39 param . 41 pedro . 42 pickmodel . 43 plot.dive . 44 ppO2 ............................................ 46 print.dive . 47 saturated.state . 48 scuba.constants . 49 scuba.disclaimer . 49 showstates . 50 tanklist . 51 times.dive . 52 trimix . 53 whichtank . 54 Workman65 . 56 Index 58 scuba-package The Scuba Package Description This is a summary of the features of scuba, a package in R that performs theoretical calculations about scuba diving — dive profiles, decompression models, gas toxicity and so on. scuba-package 3 Details scuba is a package for performing calculations in the theory of scuba diving. -
Surface Supplied Diving Operations Using Nitrox
Guidance on Surface Supplied Diving Operations using Nitrox IMCA D 048 January 2017 The International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA) is the international trade association representing offshore, marine and underwater engineering companies. IMCA promotes improvements in quality, health, safety, environmental and technical standards through the publication of information notes, codes of practice and by other appropriate means. Members are self-regulating through the adoption of IMCA guidelines as appropriate. They commit to act as responsible members by following relevant guidelines and being willing to be audited against compliance with them by their clients. There are five core committees that relate to all members: © Competence & Training © Contracts & Insurance © Health, Safety, Security & Environment © Lifting & Rigging © Marine Policy & Regulatory Affairs The Association is organised through four distinct divisions, each covering a specific area of members’ interests: Diving, Marine, Offshore Survey and Remote Systems & ROV. There are also five regions which facilitate work on issues affecting members in their local geographic area – Asia-Pacific, Europe & Africa, Middle East & India, North America and South America. IMCA D 048 www.imca-int.com/diving If you have any comments on this document, please click the feedback button below: [email protected] Date Reason Revision March 2012 Initial publication January 2017 Change to advice on the selection of gas mixes for emergency breathing cylinders carried in a wet bell or basket (section 4.2). Other minor updates made during review. The information contained herein is given for guidance only and endeavours to reflect best industry practice. For the avoidance of doubt no legal liability shall attach to any guidance and/or recommendation and/or statement herein contained. -
American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS) Standards For
The American Academy of Underwater Sciences STANDARDS FOR SCIENTIFIC DIVING AAUS • 101 Bienville Blvd Dauphin Island, AL 36528 www.aaus.org • [email protected] • 251.591.3775 FOREWORD Since 1951 the scientific diving community has endeavored to promote safe, effective diving through self- imposed diver training and education programs. Over the years, manuals for diving safety have been circulated between organizations, revised and modified for local implementation, and have resulted in an enviable safety record. This document represents the minimal safety standards for scientific diving at the present day. As diving science progresses so shall this standard, and it is the responsibility of every member of the Academy to see that it always reflects state of the art, safe diving practice. American Academy of Underwater Sciences ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Academy thanks the numerous dedicated individual and organizational members for their contributions and editorial comments in the production of these standards. Revision History April, 1987 October, 1990 May, 1994 January, 1996 March 1999 Added Sec 7.6.1 Nitrox Diving Guidelines. Revised Appendix 7 and 11. January 2001 Revised Section 1.23.1 DSO Qualifications. Revised Section 5.31.4 Emergency Care Training. Revised Section 6 Medical Standards. Made Sec 7.6.1 Nitrox Diving Guidelines into Section 7. Added Section 8.0 Scientific Aquarium Diving. Moved Section 7.0 to Section 9.0 Other Diving Technologies. April 2002 Removed Appendix 7 AAUS Checkout Dive and Training Evaluation. Revised Section 5.33.3. Revised Section 4.23.2. August 2003 Section 1.27.3 Delete reference to Appendix 9 (checkout dive). Section 1.4 Remove word "waiver". -
DIVING MEDICAL TECHNICIAN REFERENCE and FORMULAS
DIVING MEDICAL TECHNICIAN REFERENCE and FORMULAS NOAA Diving Program Appendix H:Layout 1 1/7/11 11:29 AM Page H-3 NOAA NO-DECOMPRESSION TABLE MULTIPLE AIR DIVES WARNING: EVEN STRICT COMPLIANCE WITH THESE CHART 1 — DIVE TIMES WITH END-OF-DIVE GROUP LETTER CHARTS WILL NOT GUARANTEE AVOIDANCE OF MAXIMUM DIVE TIME REQUIRING DECOMPRESSION STOP 00 DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS. CONSERVATIVE USAGE 00 IS STRONGLY RECOMMENDED. DEPTH NO-STOP TIME MINUTES REQUIRED AT 20 fsw (6.1 msw) 00 msw fsw 180 12.2 40 12 20 27 36 44 53 63 73 84 95 108 121 135 151 163 14 RNT RESIDUAL NITROGEN TIME 130 150 + ABT ACTUAL BOTTOM TIME 13.7 45 11 17 24 31 39 46 55 63 72 82 92 102 114 125 2 25 100 110 130 ESDT EQUIVALENT SINGLE DIVE TIME 15.2 50 80 89 4 8 34 (USE ESDT TO 9 15 21 28 34 41 48 56 63 71 92 DETERMINE 80 90 100 END-OF-DIVE 16.8 55 8 14 19 25 31 37 43 50 56 63 71 74 4 10 17 LETTER GROUP) 65 80 90 18.3 60 7 12 17 22 28 33 39 45 51 57 60 2 14 23 55 60 70 THESE CHARTS ARE BASED ON THE U.S. NAVY AIR DECOMPRESSION 21.3 70 6 10 14 19 23 28 32 37 42 47 48 9 14 24 TABLES 7, 8, & 9 REV. 6 45 50 60 24.4 80 5 9 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 39 10 17 30 35 40 45 27.4 90 4 7 11 14 17 21 24 28 30 4 14 23 30 35 40 30.5 100 4 6 9 12 15 18 21 25 3 15 26 25 30 35 33.5 110 3 6 8 11 14 16 19 20 3 14 27 20 25 30 36.6 120 3 5 7 10 12 15 2 8 24 15 20 25 39.6 130 2 4 6 9 10 1 4 17 O Z fsw 40 45 50 55 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 msw 12.2 13.7 15.2 16.8 18.3 21.3 24.4 27.4 30.5 33.5 36.6 39.6 GROUP LETTER 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 5 5 4 2:20 3:36 4:31 5:23 6:15 7:08 8:00 8:52 9:44 10:36 11:29 12:21 13:13 -
J. Morgan Wells, Aquanaut MC
J. Morgan Wells, Aquanaut MC 005 Papers 1965, 1970-1971 .25 linear ft. Mother Nature provided the planet Earth with a Nitrox atmosphere known as air. She never said it was the best breathing medium for divers. –J. Morgan Wells, Ph.D. Processed by Peggy McMullen 2005 Jack K. Williams Library Texas A&M University at Galveston Pelican Island Galveston, Texas Table of Contents Biographical Sketch 1 Introduction 4 Scope and Contents 5 Bibliography 6 Outline 12 Series Descriptions 14 Inventory 16 J. Morgan Wells, Jr., Aquanaut Biographical Sketch John Morgan Wells, Jr. was born in Hopewell, Virginia on April 12, 1940. He received his B.S. degree in 1962 from Randolph-Macon College. In 1969 he received his Ph.D. in marine biology from the University of California, San Diego. His thesis is titled: Pressure and Hemoglobin Oxygenation. “Wells began diving at the age of 14, after making his own surface-supplied diving system out of a point sprayer and a motor scooter engine. Two years later, he made an oxygen rebreather from war surplus parts by following diagrams in the U.S. Navy Diving Manual, and by the age of 19, he was teaching scuba classes at the college level. During his 30-career, he worked as a medical school professor and research physiologist, as science coordinator for NOAA’s Manned Underwater Science and Technology Office, as director of NOAA Diving Programs, and finally as the director of NOAA’s EDU and Dive Programs. Dr. Wells is known for having lived on the ocean floor in saturation habitats longer and in more different systems than any other diver…he has dived in numerous locations from the Pacific to the Arctic. -
Glossary of Rebreather Diving by Jill Heinerth !A !Absolute Pressure – the Total Pressure Imposed by the Depth of Water Plus the Atmospheric Pressure at the Surface
! Glossary of Rebreather Diving by Jill Heinerth !A !Absolute pressure – The total pressure imposed by the depth of water plus the atmospheric pressure at the surface. Absorbent pads – Absorbent material placed in a breathing loop; used to soak up moisture caused by condensation !and metabolism. Accumulator – A small chamber that provides a collection vessel to ensure proper gas flow of oxygen to a solenoid !valve. Active-addition – A rebreather gas-addition system that actively injects gas into the breathing loop (such as a !constant-mass flow valve in certain kinds of semiclosed rebreathers). !Atmospheres absolute (ata) – The absolute pressure as measured in atmospheres. Atmosphere (atm) – A unit of pressure equivalent to the mean pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at sea !level, or by 33 fsw, or by 10 msw (equal to 1.0 bar or 14.7 psi). Automatic diluent valve (ADV) – A mechanically-activated valve that adds diluent gas when increasing pressure !associated with descent or lowered volume triggers the device. Axial scrubber – A type of CO2 absorbent canister design. In this design, the gas flows through the canister in a !linear fashion from one end of the canister to the other. !B Backplate – A plate made of stainless steel, aluminum or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic which !attaches to a rebreather and allows for the use of a webbed or soft harness system. !Bailout – A failure requiring a dive to be terminated, usually using open-circuit gas. Bailout gas – Tanks carried by the diver to allow for escape from a serious situation, often conducted with open- !circuit technique. -
Code of Practice for Offshore Diving
Code of Practice for Offshore Diving Safety, Health and Welfare at Work (Diving) Regulations 2018 Our Vision:: Healthy, safe and productive lives and enterprises Acknowledgments This code of practice is based on the Health and Safety Executive (United Kingdom) approved code of practice and guidance for commercial diving projects offshore. The Authority would like to thank the Health and Safety Executive (UK) and the Irish Maritime Administration within the Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport for their assistance in the development of this code of practice. Contents Foreword ......................................................................................02 1 Introduction ...............................................................................03 2 Definitions ................................................................................05 3 Application . 07 4 Duties of Persons ..........................................................................09 5 Duties of Clients ...........................................................................11 6 Duties of Diving Contractors ...............................................................13 7 Diving Project Plan and Risk Assessment ...................................................15 8 Diving Methods............................................................................17 9 Hazards Associated with Diving ............................................................21 10 Dive Teams and Associated Working Practices ..............................................27 -
Institute of Marine Sciences the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCES THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL STANDARDS MANUAL FOR SCIENTIFIC DIVING MARCH 2008 IMS IS AN ORGANIZATIONAL MEMBER OF THE AAUS THIS MANUAL SUPERSEDES THE SCIENTIFIC DIVING MANUAL OF 2007 INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCES THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL STANDARDS MANUAL FOR SCIENTIFIC DIVING Revised Jan 2012 To meet 2012 AAUS Standards Diving Control Board Members Dr. Rick Luettich, Director University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institute of Marine Sciences Morehead City, NC Dr. Niels Lindquist University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institute of Marine Sciences Morehead City, NC Dr. John Bruno University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Marine Sciences Chapel Hill, NC Glenn Safrit Jr., DSO University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institute of Marine Sciences Morehead City, NC Institute of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 3431 Arendell Street Morehead City NC 28557 ii Phone (252) 726-6841 Fax (252) 726-2426 THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCES DIVING STANDARDS SECTION ................................................................................................................................................. PAGE VOLUME 1 ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 I. POLICY ON DIVING ............................................................................................................................ -
Diving Manual Shall Include, but Not Be Limited To: 1.22.1 Scientific Diving Standards Which Use Those of the AAUS As a Set of Minimal Guidelines
State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF) DIVING SAFETY MANUAL 2010 CONTENTS Section 1.00 GENERAL POLICY ............................................................................................................ 6 1.10 SUNY-ESF SCIENTIFIC DIVING STANDARDS ............................................................... 6 1.20 OPERATIONAL CONTROL ................................................................................................. 7 1.30 CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLATION OF AAUS REGULATIONS ................................... 10 1.40 RECORD MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................ 10 Section 2.00 DIVING REGULATIONS FOR SCUBA (OPEN CIRCUIT, COMPRESSED AIR) ........ 12 2.10 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 12 2.20 PRE-DIVE PROCEDURES ................................................................................................. 12 2.30 DIVING PROCEDURES ..................................................................................................... 13 2.40 POST-DIVE PROCEDURES ............................................................................................... 13 2.60 FLYING AFTER DIVING OR ASCENDING TO ALTITUDE (OVER 1000 FEET) ....... 14 2.70 RECORD KEEPING REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................ 14 Section 3.00 DIVING EQUIPMENT .................................................................................................... -
US Environmental Protection Agency Dive Safety Manual
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY DIVING SAFETY MANUAL (Revision 1.3) Office of Administration and Resources Management Safety and Sustainability Division Washington, D.C. April 15, 2016 Acknowledgments The Safety and Sustainability Division (S&S) acknowledges the cooperative participation of members of EPA’s Diving Safety Board over the years, including those members listed below. Jed Campbell Gary Collins Brandi Todd Tara Houda TChris MochonCollura Steven J. Donohue Eric P. Nelson Eric Newman Mel Parsons Dave Gibson Rob Pedersen Alan Humphrey Kennard Potts William Luthans Sean Sheldrake Disclaimer This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The U.S. government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of this document. The contents of this manual reflect the views of EPA’s Diving Safety Board in presenting the standards of their operations. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency DIVING SAFETY MANUAL (Revision 1.3, April 15, 2016) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 DIVE PROGRAM POLICY .............................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Background ......................................................................................................