LaresLares SystemSystem :: aa succesfullsuccesfull exampleexample ofof lowlow costcost highhigh sciencescience missionmission Enrico Flamini ASI Chief Scientst Wien 18 February 2013 2. 2.2. -2. -- Thirring effect. ThirringThirring effect. effect. –Thirring–– effect. ,

The Heritage The Heritage The on 52 board STS the LAGEOS on 52 board STS the LAGEOS earth at earth 5900at earth 5900 at are perfectThose km. parameters are perfectThose km. parameters for Geodesy also and providefor some Geodesy indicationsalso and provide some indications on on relativistic effects, but is relativisticnon effects, but what is nonis for needed what is for needed reach the necessary accuracyforreach exact an the necessary accuracyfor exactan determination the determinationLenseof the Lenseof on 52 board STS the LAGEOS-on 52 board STS the LAGEOS earth at earth 5900at earth 5900 at are perfectThose km. parameters are perfectThose km. parameters for Geodesy also and providefor some Geodesy indicationsalso and provide some indications on on relativistic effects, but is relativisticnon effects, but what is nonis for needed what is for needed reach the necessary accuracyforreach exact an the necessary accuracyfor exactan determination the determinationLenseof the Lenseof – In In 1992 In launched ASI 1992 launchwith launched the ASI IRIS system launchwith the IRIS system It has a diameter of60 It cm, mass a diameter 405has of60 It kgcm, mass a anddiameter 405has orbits kg and orbits In In 1992 In launched ASI 1992 launchwith launched the ASI IRIS system launchwith the IRIS system It has a diameter of60 It cm, mass a diameter 405has of60 It kgcm, mass a anddiameter 405has orbits kg and orbits to to to to to - -- lead lead lead d d lead tics : was it Relativity Relativity Relativity Relativity tics : wasit to tics : was it Relativity Relativity Relativity Relativity alled non alled non alled non- alled non stics : was it ° ° ° ° Thirring effect with an accuracy of 1% accuracy of an effect with Thirring Thirring effect with an accuracy of 1% accuracy of an 1% accuracy effect with of Thirring an effect with Thirring -Thirring effect with an accuracy of 1% accuracy of an -Thirring effect with -- the team guided by Prof I. Ciufolini and Prof Prof I. and by guided Ciufolini A. team the the team guided by Prof I. Ciufolini and Prof Prof I. and by guided Ciufolini A. team Prof Prof the I. and by guided Ciufolini A. team the ’’’ Prof Prof I. and by guided Ciufolini A. team the

From LAGEOS 2 LARES to 2 LAGEOS LARES to From LAGEOS From gravitational forces gravitational forces gravitational LARES principal principal Parameters LARES Kg Mass 386,8 cm Diameter 36 CCR Mirrors 92 69.5 ,Km Orbit 1450 be small and very heavy in order to reduce the so order so bethe c reduce to in small heavy and very be small and very heavy in order to reduce the so order so bethe c reduce to in small heavy and very The satellite should have satelliteThe characteris some specific have should Satellite:Satellite: LARES LARES Paolozzi developed to Laser a specific for a design Paolozzi developed to Laser a specific for a design already in mid 90 already mid in 90 already mid in The LAGEOS limitations for fundamental physics had physics limitations for fundamental LAGEOS The Goal: measure Lense Goal: gravitational forces gravitational forces gravitational be small and very heavy in order to reduce the so order so bethe c reduce to in small heavy and very be small and very heavy in order to reduce the so order so bethe c reduce to in small heavy and very LARES principal principal Parameters LARES principal Parameters LARES Kg Mass 386,8 Kg Mass 386,8 cm Diameter 36 cm Diameter 36 CCR Mirrors 92 CCR Mirrors 92 69.5 ,Km Orbit 69.5 1450 ,Km Orbit 1450 The satellite should have satelliteThe characteris some specific have should The satellite should have satelliteThe characteris some specific have should Paolozzi developed to Laser a specific for a design Paolozzi developed to Laser a specific for a design Satellite:Satellite: LARES LARES already in mid 90’already mid in 90 already mid in The LAGEOS limitations for fundamental physics had physics limitations for fundamental LAGEOS The The LAGEOS limitations for fundamental physics had physics limitations for fundamental LAGEOS The Goal: measure Lense-Goal: measure Lense Goal: • principal Parameters LARES • Kg Mass 386,8 • cm Diameter 36 •CCR Mirrors 92 •69.5 ,Km Orbit 1450 • satellite The characteri some specific have should • ha physics limitations for fundamental LAGEOS The • measure Lense Goal: n n n n n d d d d d d gn gn ed ed f the f the f the f the f the f the f the

The LARES program program LARES LARES The The In 2008 ASI agreed with ESA to embark embark to board on ESA with embark to board agreed on ASI ESA with In 2008 agreed ASI In 2008 In 2008 ASI agreed with ESA to embark embark to board on ESA with embark to board agreed on ASI ESA with In 2008 agreed ASI In 2008 to modify the design in order to host on the LARES LARES the order on host to in design modifyto LARES the order the on host to in design modifyto the + Almasat System payloads: + Almasat other 9 CubeSats System payloads: other 9 CubeSats The following elongation of the Vega program allowe program Vega elongation the of following The to cost approach strictly o to scope the tailored cost approach with flight scientificrisk mission anda of maiden the flight scientificrisk mission anda of maiden the 2009 a in foresaw launch contract original The This opportunity was recognized should need a desig need should recognized was opportunity This strictly o to scope the tailored cost approach with the VEGA maiden flight a payload scientific flight maiden a payload scientific flight VEGA the maiden VEGA the The following elongation of the Vega program allowe program Vega elongation the of following The The following elongation of the Vega program allowe program Vega elongation the of following The to cost approach strictly o to scope the tailored cost approach with to cost approach strictly o to scope the tailored cost approach with This opportunity was recognized should need a desig need should recognized a desig was need should opportunity This recognized was opportunity This to modify the design in order to host on the LARES LARES the order on host to in design modifyto LARES the order the on host to in design modifyto the + Almasat System payloads: + Almasat other 9 CubeSats System payloads: other 9 CubeSats scientific mission and the risk of a maiden flight scientificrisk mission anda of maiden the flight scientificrisk mission anda of maiden the 2009 a in foresaw launch contract 2009 original The a in foresaw launch contract original The the VEGA maiden flight a payload scientific flight maiden a payload scientific flight VEGA the maiden VEGA the • 2009 a in foresaw launch contract original The • allow program Vega elongation the of following The • a desi need should recognized was opportunity This • Lares System

Lares Platform Lares satellite Almasat Cubesats

The Lares System provides also additional Vega environmental data and images of the flight and satellites separations LARES VS. LAGEOS VS. LAGEOS VS. LARES LARES Gravity Probe results Probe Gravity – –– Lense Lense Lense Lense Lense – Lense rotates and rotatesa mass rotates and rotatesa mass and rotatesa mass Time frame Time Time frame Time frame Time -rotatesand-- a mass -Time frame -- effect effect effect effect Science:dragging frame The Science:dragging frame The Thirring Thirring The accurate measure will measure accurate The studies the to provides benefit studies the to provides benefit current andon also relativity on current andon also relativity on applications as GPS applications as GPS If the mass rotates then also the If then mass rotates the ST frame co ST frame co Any mass induce a mass deformation induce Any Space in the Space in the in this frame will dragged in frame this be will dragged in frame this be byeffect, This predicated theory is called Einstein theory is called Einstein Thirring Thirring The accurate measure will measure accurate The will measure accurate The studies the to provides benefit studies the to provides benefit current andon also relativity on current andon also relativity on applications as GPS applications as GPS If the mass rotates then also the If then mass rotates alsothe the If then mass rotates the ST frame co- ST frame co Any mass induce a mass deformation induce Any a mass deformation induce Any Space- in the Space in the in this frame will dragged in frame this be will dragged in frame this be byeffect, This predicated byeffect, This predicated theory is called Einstein theory is called Einstein •will measure accurate The •also the If then mass rotates the • a mass deformation induce Any • byeffect, This predicated 1 in the ace-to- 2008 (24 2008 2008(24 (24 -2008-- (24

LARES : a satellite of records of a : satellite LARES records of a : satellite LARES Among the longest incubation period 1984 Among the longest Among incubationthe longest periodincubation 1984- period 1984 years) years) satellite satellite built in 4 andyear 1 week years) years) solar solar system mass ratio mass satellite satellite built in 4 satellite builtandyear 1 in 4 andyear week 1 week 5. 1. orbiting The object density with the highest mean 2. heaviest tungsten alloy The piece manufactured ever 3. orbiting The artificial object with the lowest surf 4. with thesatellite body lowest The numberparts: of 5.5.5. satellite built in 4 andyear 1 week 6. Among the longest incubation period 1984 = 1/5 of the the of =1/5 = 1/5 of the the of = 1/5 the of =1/5 € €€€ the of =1/5 Tec commercial small small commercial Tec Tec commercial small small commercial Tec small commercial Tec --- small commercial Tec in from High infrom Design to cost approach cost to Design approach cost to Design High- infrom High infrom -inHigh from -- launcher cost launcher cost launcher elements COTS of use Extensive Spin Low cost : less then 6.5 M 6.5 then : less cost Low industry industry Industry between cooperation Strong University and University and launcher cost launcher cost launcher elements COTS elements of COTS use of Extensive use Extensive Spin- Spin Low cost : less then 6.5 M 6.5 then M 6.5 : then less cost Low : less cost Low industry industry Industry Industry between cooperation between Strong cooperation Strong University and University and •elements COTS of use Extensive • Spin •M 6.5 then : less cost Low • Industry between cooperation Strong LARES Mission organigram

ESA – European Space Agency ASI - Italian Space Agency Vega Maiden Flight

Industrial Contract Scientific Contract

OHB-CGS – Compagnia Generale Salento University Spazio Principal Investigator: Prof. Ignazio Ciufolini

Sapienza University INFN

Sapienza University RHI S.A.B. Aerospace Marotta Advanced TEMIS Technologies Satellite design; Separation System Support System Telemetry Support System Satellite Breadboard design, manufacturing construction, tests; MGSEs design, construction, tests. Sapienza University Separation System design; Separation System breadboards design OMPM construction and test. Supplier Lares System Success Criteria

C1 ---To-To deploy : a) Lares satellite bbb)b) Almasat ccc)c) Cubesats C2 ---To-To acquire : a) images of the VEGA and satellites separations bbb)b) Vega Flight environmental data Lares System Results System Lares Results System Lares 9 satellites in orbit ! orbit in satellites 9 9 satellites in orbit ! orbit in satellites 9 ! orbit in satellites 9 Data received and processed in time, real processed Data and received Data received and processed in time, real processed Data in time, real and received processed Data and received – –9 satellites in orbit ! orbit –9in satellites –– - --- in time, real processed Data and received a) VEGA and Satellites separation acquired separation acquired separation Satellites and Satellites and a) VEGA a) VEGA a) VEGA and Satellites separation acquired separation acquired separation Satellites and Satellites and a) VEGA a) VEGA C1 C1 C2 C2 b) All Sensor data acquired data acquired Sensor All b) Sensor All b) C1 C1 C2 C2 b) All Sensor data acquired data acquired Sensor All b) Sensor All b) ILRS ILRS -ILRS --

Laser RangingLaser Service-RangingLaser Service

InernationalInernational Ranging Laser Service

The The Inernational

Signal correctlySignal fouracquired days correctlyafter launch fouracquired days after launch Lares Program Program Lares Lares