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Katie Russell Issue Brief: Native Americans and Minority Religion Keywords: Native Americans, Religious Freedom, First Amendment
Katie Russell Issue Brief: Native Americans and Minority Religion Keywords: Native Americans, Religious Freedom, First Amendment Rights, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, Christianity, Native American Religions Description: The following brief describes religious affiliation of Native Americans, with an emphasis on historical movements and legal difficulties that have impacted Native Americans religious identity (i.e. religious freedom). Additionally, current religious freedom struggles are addressed. Key Points: • Native Americans have historically struggled to obtain First Amendment rights related to religious freedom; this is due in part to their unconventional citizenship status. • The federal government’s historically meddlesome approach to Native American religious tradition has greatly influenced Native American’s form of worship, causing a departure from traditional Native American religions and shift towards Christianity. • The federal government resettled Indians, outlawed the practice of native religion, and put into place a series of assimilation programs until the creation of the New Deal in 1933 (which revoked many of these limitations). • Native Americans had the majority of their religious rights formally restored to them with the enactment of the Religious Freedom Restoration Act in the 1990’s. • Today, Native American’s primary religious struggles are to gain access to sacred sites and have sacred artifacts returned. They also face many opponents of their use of controversial items such as peyote and eagle feathers in rituals, despite being legally permitted to utilize these goods. Issue Brief: According to the 2010 United States Census, Native Americans make up approximately 1.7% of the population (5.4 million people) (Yurth). It is approximated that 9000 people, or less than 1% of this population, solely practice Native American religions which often incorporates a variety of ceremonies and symbolism focused on animalism (Ratts & Pedersen, 159). -
Sacred Rain Arrow: Honoring the Native American Heritage of the States While Balancing the Citizens' Constitutional Rights Amelia Coates
American Indian Law Review Volume 38 | Number 2 1-1-2014 Sacred Rain Arrow: Honoring the Native American Heritage of the States While Balancing the Citizens' Constitutional Rights Amelia Coates Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation Amelia Coates, Sacred Rain Arrow: Honoring the Native American Heritage of the States While Balancing the Citizens' Constitutional Rights, 38 Am. Indian L. Rev. 501 (2014), http://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr/vol38/iss2/4 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian Law Review by an authorized administrator of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMMENT SACRED RAIN ARROW: HONORING THE NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE OF THE STATES WHILE BALANCING THE CITIZENS’ CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS Amelia Coates* Abstract Many states’ histories and traditions are steeped heavily in Native American culture, which explains why tribal imagery and symbolism are prevalent in official state paraphernalia such as license plates, flags, and state seals. Problems arise for states using Native American artwork when a citizen takes offense to the religious implications of Native American depictions, and objects to having it displayed on any number of items. This Comment will examine the likely outcome of cases involving Establishment Clause and compelled speech claims arising from Native American images and propose a solution for balancing the constitutional rights of the citizens while still honoring the states’ rich Native American heritage. -
For Native American Sacred Sites Protection Legislation Amber L
Hofstra Law Review Volume 33 | Issue 2 Article 9 2004 Secularizing the Sacrosanct: Defining "Sacred" for Native American Sacred Sites Protection Legislation Amber L. McDonald Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation McDonald, Amber L. (2004) "Secularizing the Sacrosanct: Defining "Sacred" for Native American Sacred Sites Protection Legislation," Hofstra Law Review: Vol. 33: Iss. 2, Article 9. Available at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol33/iss2/9 This document is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hofstra Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. McDonald: Secularizing the Sacrosanct: Defining "Sacred" for Native America NOTE SECULARIZING THE SACROSANCT: DEFINING "SACRED" FOR NATIVE AMERICAN SACRED SITES PROTECTION LEGISLATION "A kind of poverty results from the decimation of cultural resources and the reduction of cultural diversity. The death of the religion of any indigenousAmerican people shames and impoverishes our society. I. INTRODUCTION For more than 120 years, the Navajo people worshipped at Utah's Rainbow Bridge, a nearby spring, a cave and a prayer spot on a tributary of the Colorado River.2 These locations are of "central importance" to their religion, and "[f]or generations Navajo singers ... performed ceremonies near the Bridge and water from the spring -
Introduction to the Religions of India, China, and Japan
INTRODUCTION TO THE RELIGIONS OF INDIA, CHINA, AND JAPAN ☯ RELIGION 2002 H HONORS PROGRAM FRANKLIN COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA SPRING 2004 PROFESSOR RUSSELL KIRKLAND WWW.UGA.EDU/RELIGION/RK PEABODY HALL 221 TWTH 3:30-4:00 and by appt. "Were one asked to characterize the life of religion in the broadest and most general terms possible, one might say that it consists of the belief that there is an unseen order, and that our supreme good lies in harmoniously adjusting ourselves thereto." — WILLIAM JAMES (1842-1910), THE VARIETIES OF RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE (1902) THE PURPOSE OF THE COURSE The academic study of religion is a systematic exploration of the visions, values, and activities by which individuals and societies of past and present have understood and shaped their life-experiences. The goal of such courses is to promote a mature sensitivity to religious traditions, personalities, issues, and institutions, within their proper historical contexts. Such courses are not intended to persuade students either toward or away from any specific tradition, nor are they intended to serve as an element of any personal spiritual search in which students might already be engaged. Rather, the goal of such courses is for students to achieve an accurate understanding of certain cultures' religions on those cultures' own terms, and to evaluate those reli- gions in a manner that is both properly critical and properly sympathetic. Should you want an experience that is "spiritually fulfilling" to you personally, please go to a religious center of your choice and practice there. You are in this course to study religion: if you wish to practice religion, you are in the wrong place. -
REL 120 70/80 Dr. E. Allen Richardson Religions of South East Asia– 3 Credits Office: Curtis Hall 237 Spring 2009 Phone: Ext
REL 120 70/80 Dr. E. Allen Richardson Religions of South East Asia– 3 credits Office: Curtis Hall 237 Spring 2009 Phone: ext. 3320 Tuesdays & Thursdays 5:30 – 6:45 p.m. E-Mail: [email protected] Location: Curtis Hall 353 FAX 610-740-3779 Office Hours: M/R 9:00-11:00 a.m. and by appointment SYLLABUS Outcomes, Objectives and Methods of Evaluation As a result of taking REL 120, students will experience the following outcomes: a critical awareness about the religious traditions in South and East Asia, an analytical understanding about the nature of religion and its cultural manifestations, increased global awareness of the role of Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam in South and East Asia. These outcomes will be advanced through the following objectives and modes of evaluation: to understand the dynamics of Indian civilization, the role of icon worship and the diverse nature of Hindu philosophy (evaluated through the mid-term and final examinations); to explore the role of Buddhism as a reformist movement that elevated a cultural ideal of introspection and enlightenment rooted in classical expressions of yoga to the status of global tradition (evaluated through the mid-term and final examinations); to understand Islam through the eyes of adherents rather than the stereotypical impressions of the tradition prevalent in the West (evaluated through the mid-term and final examinations); to explore patterns of syncretism as part of the dynamic nature of religion endemic to civilization in South and East Asia (to be evaluated through the term paper); to use the History of Religions and the Anthropology and Sociology of Religion as ways of objectively studying human religious activity (evaluated through the term paper). -
Fall 2017 840:212:03 Religions of the Western World MW (2:15-3:35) HCK 214/DC
Rutgers University Dept. of Religion (848-932-9641) Fall 2017 840:212:03 Religions of the Western World MW (2:15-3:35) HCK 214/DC Instructor: Dr. James Pavlin Office: Loree Bldg. 134/DC Office Hours: MW 4:30-5:00 by appointment only, or before/after class in the classroom Email: [email protected] Course Description: The purpose of the course is to introduce the student to the academic study of religion by focusing on the monotheistic religions of the Near Eastern and Western traditions. After reviewing current methodologies and concepts related to the study of religion, the course will focus on the origin and development of the scriptures, beliefs, and practices of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Each religion will be studied with particular attention paid to readings of primary sources related to origins and historical developments in terms of theology, mysticism, and authority. SAS Core Code: Historical Analysis (HST), Social Analysis (SCL), Philosophical and Theoretical Issues (AHo) Required Texts: Ludwig, Theodore M. The Sacred Paths of the West, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc., 2006. ISBN: 0-13-153906-X Van Voorst, Robert E. Anthology of World Scriptures: Western Religions. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007. ISBN: 0-495-17059-3 Study and Research Resources: The classroom experience will be enhanced through the use of Rutgers’s web based interactive technology called Sakai. All students are required to know how to use Sakai. Although this course is not designed to be an online or hybrid course, Sakai will be our main means of communication outside the classroom. -
TH 612 Theology of Religious Manyness a Hartford Seminary Online Course Fall 2015
UPDATED SYLLABUS – 1 August 2015 TH 612 Theology of Religious Manyness A Hartford Seminary Online Course Fall 2015 Instructor: Lucinda Mosher, Th.D. Faculty Associate in Interfaith Studies [email protected] Cell: (646) 335-2951 Skype: lucinda.mosher Office Hours: by appointment (in Hartford or by phone or Skype) Course Meeting Times: This is an asynchronous online course. It has no face-to-face component. A dedicated course website will be available on Day One of Fall Term 2015. Students are expected to log in at least once during every week of the term. Email Policy If you have matriculated in a Hartford Seminary program, your instructor will use your official Hartsem student email addresses for all communications. Please check that account regularly. Course Description: The question of the place of one particular religion among other religions has been debated, for millennia; likewise, the related question of the status (theologically) of adherents of other religions according to a particular worldview. A range of answers have been advocated, extensively (but not only) by Christian theologians and religious studies scholars. Premised on the conviction that “theology of religious manyness” is a better formulation than “theology of religions” or “theology of religious pluralism,” making use of the insights of the emerging discipline of comparative theology, and examining the theoretical and methodological issues at play, this course will explore a range of theological responses to the fact of religious manyness from the vantage-points of Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism—as well as Christianity. Given that this is an asynchronous online course, students shall work their way through a series of online “learning objects”, doing so at whatever time of day they wish, and moving from one object to the next at their own pace. -
Indian Religious Freedom: Religion
Smoke Signals January 1990 Page 12 THAT OLD TIME generation, served as the focus for religious activities. this case, Frohnmayer allies himself with the Citizens for That hardly seems unreasonable. Apparently, Washing- a Drug-Fre- e Oregon and the business-oriente- d Citizen's RELIGION ton bureaucrats' disdain for the religious freedom of Crime Commission. He's recriminalized the use of minorities has lead to their willingness to destroy Native marijuana and incarcerated more Oregonian's and spent American heritage for the possibility of a timber harvest, tens of millions on new prisons and jails that have done Dr. Michael Zimmerman a mining operation or a ski resort. Ironically, that little to reduce crime. In fact, these knee-jer- k methods Office of the Dean disdain does not extend to the dogma of a vocal minority have taken sorely needed money away from jobs Oberlin College Judeo-Christi- substance-abus- when it is couched in the an tradition, programs and e rehabilitation efforts which might someday be forced on all Americans. (like the one that Smith and Black were involved with) The first amendment to the United States Constitution These are exactly the abuses that the first amendment that evidence shows actually reduce crime. is reasonably clear. It safeguards religious groups from was written to prevent. A bit of respect for our Interesting to note, Precision Castparts, a major donor improper meddling by the government, and keeps Constitution would go a long way in Washington these to the recriminalization effort, recently was cited for religions from interfering unduly in the workings of days. -
An Earthly Cosmology
Forum on Religion and Ecology Indigenous Traditions and Ecology Annotated Bibliography Abram, David. Becoming Animal: An Earthly Cosmology. New York and Canada: Vintage Books, 2011. As the climate veers toward catastrophe, the innumerable losses cascading through the biosphere make vividly evident the need for a metamorphosis in our relation to the living land. For too long we’ve ignored the wild intelligence of our bodies, taking our primary truths from technologies that hold the living world at a distance. Abram’s writing subverts this distance, drawing readers ever closer to their animal senses in order to explore, from within, the elemental kinship between the human body and the breathing Earth. The shape-shifting of ravens, the erotic nature of gravity, the eloquence of thunder, the pleasures of being edible: all have their place in this book. --------. The Spell of the Sensuous: Perception and Language in a More-than-Human World. New York: Vintage, 1997. Abram argues that “we are human only in contact, and conviviality, with what is not human” (p. ix). He supports this premise with empirical information, sensorial experience, philosophical reflection, and the theoretical discipline of phenomenology and draws on Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy of perception as reciprocal exchange in order to illuminate the sensuous nature of language. Additionally, he explores how Western civilization has lost this perception and provides examples of cultures in which the “landscape of language” has not been forgotten. The environmental crisis is central to Abram’s purpose and despite his critique of the consequences of a written culture, he maintains the importance of literacy and encourages the release of its true potency. -
Land and Religion in Native American Supreme Court Cases Kathleen Sands
American Indian Law Review Volume 36 | Number 2 1-1-2012 Territory, Wilderness, Property, and Reservation: Land and Religion in Native American Supreme Court Cases Kathleen Sands Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, First Amendment Commons, and the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation Kathleen Sands, Territory, Wilderness, Property, and Reservation: Land and Religion in Native American Supreme Court Cases, 36 Am. Indian L. Rev. 253 (2012), https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr/vol36/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TERRITORY, WILDERNESS, PROPERTY, AND RESERVATION: LAND AND RELIGION IN NATIVE AMERICAN SUPREME COURT CASES Kathleen Sands* Abstract In two trilogies of Supreme Court decisions, both involving Native Americans, land is a key metaphor, figuring variously as property, territory, wilderness, and reservation. The first trilogy, written by Chief Justice John Marshall, comprises Johnson v. M'Intosh (1823), Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831), and Worcester v. Georgia (1832). The second trilogy concerns Native American claims for religious freedom under the First Amendment and includes Bowen v. Roy (1986), Lyng v. Northwest Cemetery Protective Association (1988), and Employment Division of Oregon v. Smith (1990). The Marshall cases attempted to legitimate the transformation of land from wilderness to territory and property, and in this sense, they appeared "secular." These cases also were "religious" in an important sense: they created a myth of origins that determined the polity's relation to the land and people on which it was built. -
The One and Many Gods of Hinduism
VOLUME 1 ISSUE 2 2007 ISSN: 1833-878X Pages 15-27 Cathy Byrne The One and Many Gods of Hinduism ABSTRACT Hinduism is commonly thought to represent polytheism. This label reflects a superficial perception of how the gods were and are understood. This essay explores the idea that Hinduism, (itself a relatively modern, externally imposed label), has many understandings… that it is polygnostic . It takes a journey through the evolution of a range of Hindu conceptions of deity, from the philosophical and abstract through to the deeply personal. Although such modern commentators as Richard Dawkins claim that the possibility of Hinduism including a monotheistic stream is deceptive, this essay traces monotheistic stances through a range of India’s rich theological and philosophical trends. Noting that individual Hindus are just as likely to think that: ‘There are many gods’; ‘only one god’; ‘many gods in one’; or that ‘god has two aspects’; ‘god is a trinity’; ‘The world is god’; ‘I am god’; ‘I am close, but different to god’; god is love’; ‘god is beyond qualities’, and even, ‘there is no god’, the essay supports the now famous quotation from Crooke, that “among all the great religions of the world, there is none more catholic than Hinduism”. 1 1 Klostermaier, K. 1994:1 quoting Crooke, W. The Popular Religion and Folklore of Northern India. Vol 1. Oxford University Press, 1896:1 15 BIOGRAPHY Cathy Byrne, a Queensland University Masters student of Religion Studies, is currently researching the relationship between studying religion and the development of positive attitudes to cultural diversity. -
(LPHS) (World Geography) Outreach Learning March 30- April 3, 2020
(LPHS) (World Geography) Outreach Learning March 30- April 3, 2020 World Geography Week of 3/30-4/3 Teacher/Team: 7th Period If there are any questions, please feel free to email me/us at: 8th Period (Email Address of the Teacher Link to TEAMS Folder Previous Lessons: Link to: (Resources). Objectives Objective / I Can: · Create a table on the major religions of East Asia (Shintoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism) and compare to Western religion · Create a timeline of 2 major historical events of the 20th Century to the present that impacted each country. Activities Student Activities: (Resources, videos for students to use.) Go to Teams Folder. Look for the assignment: 1. East Asia Culture (over religions) · Watch the power point. Each religion has a short video attached. You must watch each video before completing the table (attached to the power point). · Write a paragraph comparing these Eastern Religions to Western Religions. 2. Research on-line for the history of each country of East Asia - China, Mongolia, Japan, Taiwan, North Korea and South Korea (must be from the 20th century to present). · Create a timeline of 2 major events for each country with the date, event described, and why it was important (impacted the country) · Submit on a word document (LPHS) (World Geography) Outreach Learning March 30- April 3, 2020 Academic/Instructional Support Schedule: Teacher Support – TEAMS/E-Mail ([email protected]) Office Hours 8am-12pm M-F To Be Graded Assignment for students to submit to TEAMS Folder: 1. Religions assignment will be graded based on 100 points. 2. Timeline assignment will be graded based on 100 points.