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The Druze: Culture, History and Mission
The Druze A New Cultural and Historical Appreciation Abbas Halabi 2013 www.garnetpublishing.co.uk 1 The Druze Published by Garnet Publishing Limited 8 Southern Court South Street Reading RG1 4QS UK www.garnetpublishing.co.uk www.twitter.com/Garnetpub www.facebook.com/Garnetpub blog.garnetpublishing.co.uk Copyright © Abbas Halabi, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review. First Edition 2013 ISBN: 9781859643532 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Jacket design by Garnet Publishing Typeset by Samantha Barden Printed and bound in Lebanon by International Press: [email protected] 2 To Karl-Abbas, my first grandson And the future generation of my family 3 Preface Foreword Introduction Chapter 1 Human geography Chapter 2 The history of the Druze, 1017–1943 Chapter 3 Communal and social organization Chapter 4 Traditional culture and the meaning of al-Adhā feast Chapter 5 Civil status law Chapter 6 The diaspora and cultural expansion Chapter 7 The political role of the Druze from independence to the present time Chapter 8 The Druze message: plurality and unity Summary and conclusion Appendix 1 The impact of European influences on the Druze community: “The new look” Appendix 2 Sheikh Halīm Taqī al-Dīn: a man of knowledge, -
Fall 2017 840:212:03 Religions of the Western World MW (2:15-3:35) HCK 214/DC
Rutgers University Dept. of Religion (848-932-9641) Fall 2017 840:212:03 Religions of the Western World MW (2:15-3:35) HCK 214/DC Instructor: Dr. James Pavlin Office: Loree Bldg. 134/DC Office Hours: MW 4:30-5:00 by appointment only, or before/after class in the classroom Email: [email protected] Course Description: The purpose of the course is to introduce the student to the academic study of religion by focusing on the monotheistic religions of the Near Eastern and Western traditions. After reviewing current methodologies and concepts related to the study of religion, the course will focus on the origin and development of the scriptures, beliefs, and practices of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Each religion will be studied with particular attention paid to readings of primary sources related to origins and historical developments in terms of theology, mysticism, and authority. SAS Core Code: Historical Analysis (HST), Social Analysis (SCL), Philosophical and Theoretical Issues (AHo) Required Texts: Ludwig, Theodore M. The Sacred Paths of the West, 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc., 2006. ISBN: 0-13-153906-X Van Voorst, Robert E. Anthology of World Scriptures: Western Religions. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth, 2007. ISBN: 0-495-17059-3 Study and Research Resources: The classroom experience will be enhanced through the use of Rutgers’s web based interactive technology called Sakai. All students are required to know how to use Sakai. Although this course is not designed to be an online or hybrid course, Sakai will be our main means of communication outside the classroom. -
Messianism and the Heaven and Earth Society: Approaches to Heaven and Earth Society Texts
Messianism and the Heaven and Earth Society: Approaches to Heaven and Earth Society Texts Barend J. ter Haar During the last decade or so, social historians in China and the United States seem to have reached a new consensus on the origins of the Heaven and Earth Society (Tiandihui; "society" is the usual translation for hui, which, strictly speaking, means "gathering"; for the sake of brevity, the phenomenon is referred to below with the common alternative name "Triad," a translation of sänke hui). They view the Triads äs voluntary brotherhoods organized for mutual support, which later developed into a successful predatory tradition. Supporters of this Interpretation react against an older view, based on a literal reading of the Triad foundation myth, according to which the Triads evolved from pro-Ming groups during the early Qing dynasty. The new Interpretation relies on an intimate knowledge of the official documents that were produced in the course of perse- cuting these brotherhoods on the mainland and on Taiwan since the late eigh- teenth Century. The focus of this recent research has been on specific events, resulting in a more detailed factual knowledge of the phenomenon than before (Cai 1987; Qin 1988: 1—86; Zhuang 1981 provides an excellent historiographical survey). Understandably, contemporary social historians have hesitated to tackle the large number of texts produced by the Triads because previous historians have misinterpreted them and because they are füll of obscure religious Information and mythological references. Nevertheless, the very fact that these texts were produced (or copied) continuously from the first years of the nineteenth Century —or earlier—until the late 1950s, and served äs the basis for Triad initiation rituals throughout this period, leaves little doubt that they were important to the members of these groups. -
CONTENTS Israelis with a Russian Accent Jewish Messianism
VOLUME XXXV NUMBER 2 DECEMBER 1993 u CONTENTS Israelis with a Russian Accent FRAN MARKOWITZ Jewish Messianism Lubavitch-Style: An Interim Report WILLIAM SHAFFIR American Jewry GEOFFREY ALDERMAN A Note on Present-Day Sephardi and Oriental Jewry MICHAEL M. LASKIER Book Reviews Chronicle Editor: J udith Freedman OBJECTS AND SPONSORSHIP OF THE JEWISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY The Jewish Journal ofSociology was sponsored by the Cultural Department of the World Jewish Congress from its inception in I959 until the end of I980. Thereafter, from the first issue of I98I (volume 23, no. I), the Journal has been sponsored by Maurice Freedman Research Trust Limited, which is registered as an educational charity by the Charity Commission of England and Wales (no. 326077). It has as its main purposes the encouragement of research in the sociology of the Jews and the publication of The Jewish Journal of Sociology. The objects of the Journal remain as stated in the Editorial of the first issue in I959' 'This Journal has been brought into being in order to provide an international vehicle for serious writing on Jewish social affairs ... Academically we address ourselves not only to sociologists, but to social scientists in general, to historians, to philosophers, and to students of comparative religion .... We should like to stress both that the Journal is editorially independent and that the opinions expressed by authors are their own responsibility.' The founding Editor of the JJS was Morris Ginsberg, and the founding Managing Editor was Maurice Freedman. Morris Ginsberg, who had been Professor of Sociology at the London School of Economics, died in I 970. -
CTH302 Messianism
NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COURSE CODE: CTH302 COURSE TITLE: Messianism COURSE GUIDE CTH 302 MESSIANISM COURSE DEVELOPMENT TEAM Course Developer/Writer Dr. Owolabi.A.Jacob National Open University of Nigeria Lagos Course Editor Dr. Godwin.I. Akper National Open University of Nigeria Lagos Programme Leader Dr. Godwin.I. Akper National Open University of Nigeria Lagos Course Coordinator Dr. Owolabi.A.Jacob National Open University of Nigeria Lagos 2 National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters 14/16 Ahamadu Bello Way Victoria Island Lagos Abuja Office No 5 Dar es Salaam Street Off Aminu Kano Crescent Wuse 11 Abuja Nigeria e-mail:[email protected] URL:www.nou.edu.ng Published By: National Open University of Nigeria NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA 3 Introduction CTH302: This course explores the history behind biblical messianic expectation by the Jews. It deals with the definitions of messanism,messianic hope in the Davidic Dynasty . What You Will Learn In This Course You will learn about factors leading to the biblical messianic expectation,; the act of anointing persons and old testament prophesies about future Davidic kings. You will also learn about Jesus the anointed of the spirit the wicked one Satan was overcome by Jesus the messiah begins at his ministry at Galilee to its resurrection. In the course, you will also study how the early church accepted Jesus as the messiah. Course Aims The aim of this course is to state reasons Israel look forward for messaiahs. It explores you to the study of some Kings who are messiahs of the Jews. -
(LPHS) (World Geography) Outreach Learning March 30- April 3, 2020
(LPHS) (World Geography) Outreach Learning March 30- April 3, 2020 World Geography Week of 3/30-4/3 Teacher/Team: 7th Period If there are any questions, please feel free to email me/us at: 8th Period (Email Address of the Teacher Link to TEAMS Folder Previous Lessons: Link to: (Resources). Objectives Objective / I Can: · Create a table on the major religions of East Asia (Shintoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism) and compare to Western religion · Create a timeline of 2 major historical events of the 20th Century to the present that impacted each country. Activities Student Activities: (Resources, videos for students to use.) Go to Teams Folder. Look for the assignment: 1. East Asia Culture (over religions) · Watch the power point. Each religion has a short video attached. You must watch each video before completing the table (attached to the power point). · Write a paragraph comparing these Eastern Religions to Western Religions. 2. Research on-line for the history of each country of East Asia - China, Mongolia, Japan, Taiwan, North Korea and South Korea (must be from the 20th century to present). · Create a timeline of 2 major events for each country with the date, event described, and why it was important (impacted the country) · Submit on a word document (LPHS) (World Geography) Outreach Learning March 30- April 3, 2020 Academic/Instructional Support Schedule: Teacher Support – TEAMS/E-Mail ([email protected]) Office Hours 8am-12pm M-F To Be Graded Assignment for students to submit to TEAMS Folder: 1. Religions assignment will be graded based on 100 points. 2. Timeline assignment will be graded based on 100 points. -
Second Temple Messianism and the Historical Jesus Jordan Kassabaum College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida
“Who Do You Say I Am?”: Second Temple Messianism and the Historical Jesus Jordan Kassabaum College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida The goal of this study was to examine Second Temple messianic literature to determine the nature of Jewish messianic speculation in that period and compare Jesus’ messianic theology as recounted in the Synoptic Gospels to determine how the historical Jesus adopted, adapted, and expanded previous Jewish messianic notions into his own time. Examining the points of contact and divergence between Jesus and his religious predecessors reveals that, while he added his own contributions to Second Temple Jewish messianic theology, Jesus interpreted his own in specifically Jewish ways, adopting many of the diverse aspects of messianic speculation that permeated Jewish thought in the first century CE. In this sense, Jesus is a microcosm of the diversity of Second Temple Jewish messianic speculation. Additionally, the early church that inherited Jesus’ legacy did not interpret every aspect of his messianic theology in the same manner he did, understanding several aspects in distinctly non-Jewish ways. This phenomenon was the product of the much larger impulse to distinguish early Christianity from Judaism, a process that began with the Gospel writers and continued into the early church period. INTRODUCTION referring to a specific eschatological figure, but as a general phrase referring to the author as a mortal in Jesus was born, lived, and died as a first century contrast to God or humanity in general. The best equation Palestinian Jew. He observed the Jewish Law, celebrated one could make is to the English word “human,” Jewish festivals, read from the Jewish scriptures, and “humankind,” or “mortal.” It is not a respectful description, participated in Jewish communal worship. -
Religious Toleration As Political Theology in the Mongol World Empire of the Thirteenth Century Author(S): Christopher P
Validation by Holiness or Sovereignty: Religious Toleration as Political Theology in the Mongol World Empire of the Thirteenth Century Author(s): Christopher P. Atwood Reviewed work(s): Source: The International History Review, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Jun., 2004), pp. 237-256 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40109471 . Accessed: 22/09/2012 18:20 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The International History Review. http://www.jstor.org CHRISTOPHER P. ATWOOD Validationby Holiness or Sovereignty: Religious Toleration as PoliticalTheology in the Mongol World Empireof the Thirteenth Century conquerors have been famous for religious toleration since the time of Edward Gibbon. The willingness to patronize many religions and to acknowledge their followers as praying to the same heaven comes as a refreshing change for students of the Middle Ages. Gibbon pioneered the use of the Mongol case to criticize medieval obscurantism when he interpolated into his account of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire a digression on the religious policy of Chinggis Khan. In the midst of a story whose master narrative was the triumph of barbarism and religion over Roman civility, he found a barbarian whose religious policy anticipated that of the Enlightenment, the second age of civility: But it is the religion of Zingis [Chinggis] that best deserves our wonder and ap- plause. -
The Eschatology of the Dead Sea Scrolls
Eruditio Ardescens The Journal of Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Volume 2 Issue 2 Article 1 February 2016 The Eschatology of the Dead Sea Scrolls J. Randall Price Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/jlbts Part of the Jewish Studies Commons Recommended Citation Price, J. Randall (2016) "The Eschatology of the Dead Sea Scrolls," Eruditio Ardescens: Vol. 2 : Iss. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/jlbts/vol2/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in Eruditio Ardescens by an authorized editor of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Eschatology of the Dead Sea Scrolls J. Randall Price, Ph.D. Center for Judaic Studies Liberty University [email protected] Recent unrest in the Middle East regularly stimulates discussion on the eschatological interpretation of events within the biblical context. In light of this interest it is relevant to consider the oldest eschatological interpretation of biblical texts that had their origin in the Middle East – the Dead Sea Scrolls. This collection of some 1,000 and more documents that were recovered from caves along the northwestern shores of the Dead Sea in Israel, has become for scholars of both the Old and New Testaments a window into Jewish interpretation in the Late Second Temple period, a time known for intense messianic expectation. The sectarian documents (non-biblical texts authored by the Qumran Sect or collected by the Jewish Community) among these documents are eschatological in nature and afford the earliest and most complete perspective into the thinking of at least one Jewish group at the time of Jesus’ birth and the formation of the early church. -
Three Aboriginal Responses to New Age Religion: a Textual ' Interpretation
Volume 14, Number 1 65 THREE ABORIGINAL RESPONSES TO NEW AGE RELIGION: A TEXTUAL ' INTERPRETATION David Pecotic University of Sydney Contemporary students of indigenous religions begin their inquiries by deconstructing misrepresentations about the people they wish to study empirically. Such scholars simultaneously dismiss the New Age as hegemonic and intrusive or destructive of native traditions. The relationship of indigenous peoples toward the New Age, in this case Australian Aboriginal religionists, is ambiguous by comparison. It is the task of this article to examine the continuum of relationships between New Age religion and Aboriginal religions, and to make clearer some of the reasons for this ambiguity. 1. Methodological considerations The approach taken in this paper to the examination of the possible relationships between Aboriginal religions and New Age religion takes its cue from the importance of New Age texts to past successful research concerning New Age religion (Hanegraaff, 1996; Heelas, 1996). However, the texts chosen are instead sourced in different kinds of indigenous self-understanding about New Age religion: The Rock. Travelling to Uluru (Hill, 1994); Yorro Yorro. Aboriginal Creation and the Renewal ofNature: Rock Paintings and Stories from the Australian Kimberleys (Mowaljarlai & Malnic, 1993); Messengers of the Gods. Tribal Elders Reveal the Ancient Wisdom ofthe Earth (Cowan 1993); 'Australian Aboriginal Tradition' (Mafi-Williams, 1999); Dreamkeepers. A Spirit-Journey intoAborigilialAustralia (Arden, 1994). In all cases, the texts are explicitly dialogical, written as a response to perceived non-indigenous beliefs. Both New Age religion and Aboriginal religions should be treated as ernie designations and for both the etic is ultimately what research should elucidate (Harris, 1979, especially 51-53). -
Novenson Grammar of Messianism Chapter 1
Edinburgh Research Explorer The Grammar of Messianism Citation for published version: Novenson, M 2017, The Grammar of Messianism: An Ancient Jewish Political Idiom and Its Users . Oxford University Press, New York. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255022.001.0001 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190255022.001.0001 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 Chapter 1 After the Messianic Idea An anonymous seventh-century CE Jewish writer tells the story of a mythical woman named Hephzibah, the mother of the messiah ben David, who fights alongside the messiah ben David and the messiah ben Joseph in the final eschatological battle against Armilus. Hephzibah slays wicked gentile kings with a rod of almond wood that had belonged to Adam, Moses, Aaron, Joshua, and David in turn and was hidden away until the last day to be wielded by the mother of the messiah. -
Not One World but Two. the Future in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature
religions Article Not One World but Two. The Future in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature John Collins Yale Divinity School, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; [email protected] Received: 20 February 2019; Accepted: 25 March 2019; Published: 28 March 2019 Abstract: The Jewish apocalyptic literature that first appears in the Hellenistic period and continues into the Common Era developed a radically novel view of the future. As formulated in the apocalypse of 4 Ezra about the end of the first century CE, the Most High created not one world but two. This world must be utterly destroyed and replaced by a new creation. This view of the future is inherited in the New Testament, most strikingly in the Book of Revelation. It would have enormous but ambivalent implications for western history. On the one hand, it threatened to undermine the importance of working for a better life in this world. On the other hand, it offered hope to those who would otherwise have no hope at all. Keywords: apocalyptic; death; eschatology; resurrection; Enoch; Flood; messiah; end of the world; millennium The biblical tradition has long been celebrated for its linear view of history in contrast to the supposedly circular views of history that dominated the ancient Near East. (Dentan 1955). Perceptions of the common Near Eastern view were formed largely on the basis of the great creation myths such as the Babylonian Enuma Elish and the Ugaritic Baal Cycle, which posited a conflict between a god of life and fertility (Marduk, Baal) against forces of chaos and death (Tiamat, Mot, Yamm), which was re-enacted yearly in the cult.