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In Defence of Trotskyism No. 26 In Defence of Trotskyism No. 26 £1 waged, 50p unwaged/low waged, €1.50 A Marxist history of Ireland to 1916: The 1913 Dublin Lockout; its significance for revolutionaries today It is over a hundred years since the great Dublin Lockout of 1913; what is its significant for today’s revolutionaries, what lessons must we learn from this great mass move- ment and why did it fail? What material and political conditions globally and in Britain and Ireland led to the strike? revolution of private capitalist mass mobilisations against Where We Stand profit against planned pro- the onslaught of this reaction- WE STAND WITH KARL duction for the satisfaction of ary Con-Lib Dem coalition. MARX: ‘The emancipation of socialised human need. However, whilst participating the working classes must be We recognise the necessity for in this struggle we will op- conquered by the working revolutionaries to carry out pose all policies which subor- classes themselves. The serious ideological and politi- dinate the working class to struggle for the emancipation cal struggle as direct partici- the political agenda of the of the working class means pants in the trade unions petty-bourgeois reformist not a struggle for class privi- (always) and in the mass re- leaders of the Labour party leges and monopolies but for formist social democratic and trade unions equal rights and duties and bourgeois workers’ parties We oppose all immigration the abolition of all class despite their pro-capitalist controls. International finance rule’ (The International leaderships when conditions capital roams the planet in Workingmen’s Association are favourable. Because we search of profit and imperial- 1864, General Rules). see the trade union bureau- ist governments disrupts the The capitalist state consists, cracy and their allies in the lives of workers and cause the in the last analysis, of ruling- Labour party leadership as collapse of whole nations with class laws within a judicial the most fundamental obsta- their direct intervention in the system and detention centres cle to the struggle for power Balkans, Iraq and Afghani- overseen by the armed bodies of the working class, outside stan and their proxy wars in of police/army who are under of the state forces and their Somalia and the Democratic the direction and are con- direct agencies themselves, Republic of the Congo, etc. trolled in acts of defence of we must fight and defeat and Workers have the right to sell capitalist property rights replace them with a revolu- their labour internationally against the interests of the tionary leadership by mobilis- wherever they get the best majority of civil society. The ing the base against the pro- price. Only union member- working class must overthrow capitalist bureaucratic mis- ship and pay rates can coun- the capitalist state and re- leaders to open the way for- ter employers who seek to place it with a workers’ state ward for the struggle for exploit immigrant workers as based on democratic soviets/ workers’ power. cheap labour to undermine workers’ councils to suppress We are fully in support of all the gains of past struggles. the inevitable counter- In Defence of Trotskyism is Socialist Fight is a member of the Liaison Committee for the produced by Socialist Fight. Fourth International with: First 5 issues are A4 format The Communist Workers Front, Brazil @£2 and from No. 6 are A5 The Socialist Workers League, USA and Tendencia Militante Bol- @£1. Add postage £2 and chevique, Argentina enquire for larger orders. Contact: Socialist Fight PO Box 59188, London, NW2 9LJ, Cheques and SOs to Socialist [email protected], https://socialistfight.com/ Fight Account No. 1, Unity Trust Bank, Sort Code, 08-60- Communist Workers Front—Brazil 01, Account. No. 20227368. http://lcligacomunista.blogspot.co.uk/ All issues of In Defence of Tendencia Militante Bolchevique, Argentina, Trotskyism, from 1 to 19, are http://tmb1917.blogspot.co.uk/ now available at Housmans The Socialist Workers League, USA, Bookshop, 5 Caledonian Rd, http:/workerssocialistleague.blogspot.co.uk/ London N1 9DX, on the Web- Signed articles do not necessarily represent the views of Socialist site or by post. Fight. 2 The 1913 Dublin Lockout; its signifi- cance for revolutionaries today By Gerry Downing, July 2013 sistence living typified by the Great Fam- t is a hundred years since the great ine of 1845-52. This was imposed by Brit- I Dublin Lockout of 1913; what is its ain, particularly the Whig/Liberal admin- significant for today’s revolutionaries, istration of Lord John Russell from 1846. what lessons must we learn from this great They wanted to clear the land for pastures mass movement and why did it fail? What for dairy produce following the repeal of material and political conditions globally the pro-Tory Corn Laws and were satis- and in Britain and Ireland led to the strike? fied to see upwards of a million starve and Ireland lost another mil- its bourgeois lion emigrate revolution in rather than the failed up- divert the rising of 1798; food exports union with to save them. Britain was It also had the imposed in happy conse- 1801. This had quences for profound eco- Roddy them of un- nomic and po- dermining the litical conse- McCorley Tory party, quences for who gained Ireland. In the the most from north of Ireland, the Presbyterian republi- their Irish rack-rented estates. cans (Dissenters) were suppressed and 32 The north was industrialised and de- of its leaders including Henry Joy pended on its close connections with the McCracken and Roddy McCorley, were empire. The Presbyterian population was hanged. But they did not suffer anything reintegrated into the sphere of influence like the reign of terror visited on the of the sectarian Orange Order (of course south, upwards of 20,000 died in the short there were always principled radical oppo- few weeks of the revolution and the reign nents) after 1798. But the populations of of terror that followed, mainly in north the southern cities were mainly unskilled County Wexford. labourers living often in single rooms in Dublin was the second city of the Em- the centre city town houses vacated by the pire at the time of the Act of Union in Ascendency ruling class as they moved to 1801. By 1913 the south was a rural back- the suburbs. Infant mortality was the water, taxed out of all proportion to its worst in Europe, disease, particularly the ability to pay, its industries and commerce killer tuberculosis, periodically swept the suppressed, its peasantry reduced to sub- tenements and ‘free labour’ vied for availa- 3 ble work on the basis of who would Meanwhile Britain had overcome the work for the least. As University College loss of its American colonies by the in- Cork’s Multitext Padraig Yeats says: auguration of the ‘Second Empire’ from “There was good reason for discontent 1783–1873. Australia and New Zealand in Dublin in 1913. Unskilled workers were conquered and in 1763 India was lived in desperate poverty. Housing con- added (formally following the defeat of ditions were deplorable. Overcrowding the Great Uprising in India 1857-1858) was a serious problem, and bred disease and Sri Lanka in the Kandian Wars be- and infection. Malnutrition was com- tween 1796 and 1818. Having defeat mon. The death rate in Dublin (27.6 per Napoleon in 1815 Britain grabbed the 1000) was bad as Calcutta, and the city’s Cape Colony, Mauritius, Trinidad and slums were amongst the worst in the Tobago, St. Lucia, Guyana, and Malta. world. Over 20,000 families lived in one- Irish peasants supplied much of the can- room dwellings. There were often more non fodder for these wars. than ten families in town houses that After the Great Depression of 1873-79 were built for one upper-class family in the modern global epoch of Imperialism the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. opened. Britain’s participation in the These houses became dilapidated when Grab for Africa gained it the modern- wealthy elites left them and moved to day lands of Nigeria, Ghana, Zambia, the suburbs. The houses were often tak- Zimbabwe, South Africa, Egypt and My- en over by landlords who rented them anmar and Malaya in Asia. William Mar- out, room by room, to poor families, and tin Murphy, the anti-Parnellite ex-MP they quickly became slums. There was and leading Dublin millionaire and chief little privacy. Facilities for cooking, organiser of the Lockout, had substantial cleaning, and washing were wholly inade- interests in Africa. The 1913 map of Af- quate. Sanitary conditions were worse. rica is a telling account of the politics of Many tenement buildings shared one the age: lavatory in a yard.” Politically the world had changed fun- In 1913, events occurred which made damentally from 1873 to 1913 and there clear the dreadful conditions of poverty is a large volume of literature analysing in Dublin. On the evening of Tuesday, 2 these changes. For revolutionaries the September 1913, at about 8.45 (just a fundamentals are summed up in Lenin’s week into the strike), two houses in Imperialism the Highest stage of Capitalism Church Street suddenly collapsed, bury- (1916). In a few sentences the differ- ing the occupants. The buildings were ences are that capitalism is now dominat- four storeys high, with shops on the ed by huge industrial and financial mo- ground floor. The sixteen rooms upstairs nopolies, these finance houses dominate were occupied by about ten families, the globe in this alliance and capital is over forty people. Rescue parties worked now exported to colonies to extract su- through the night digging people out. per profits from brutally exploited sweat- Seven were killed in this disaster and ed labour.
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