J OURNAL OF P ARAPSYCHOLOGY R HINE R ESEARCH C ENTER Volume 81, Number 2 Fall 2017 ISSN 0022-3387 Editorial Staff Etzel Cardeña, Editor Tyler Stevens and David Roberts, Layout Editing Robert Gebelein, Business Manager The Journal of Parapsychology, was founded in 1937 by William McDougall and Joseph Banks Rhine at Duke University. It is published 2-3 times a year, in Spring and Fall, by the Parapsychology Press, a subsidiary of The Rhine Center, 2741 Campus Walk Ave., Building 500, Durham, NC 27705. The Journal is devoted mainly to original reports of experimental research in parapsychology and related ropics. It also publishes research reviews, methodological, theoretical, and historical papers of relevance to psi research, abstracts, and selected invited addresses from Parapsychological Association conventions, book reviews, and letters. Print and electronic version of the Journal are available. Information on subscription and individual and institution rates can be found at http://www.rhine.org/what-we-do/journal-of-parapsychology.html. Or- ders for subscriptions or back issues, correspondence, and changes of address should be sent to: journal@ rhine.org, or Journal of Parapsychology, 2741 Campus Walk Ave., Building 500, Durham, NC 27705. Postmaster: Send address changes to the Journal of Parapsychology, 2741 Campus Walk Ave., Building 500, Durham, NC 27705. Subscribers: Send change of address notice 30 days prior to the actual change of address. The Jour- nal will not replace undelivered copies resulting from address changes; copies will be forwarded only if subscribers notify their local post office in writing that they will guarantee second-class forwarding postage. Copyright and permission. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the inter- nal or personal use of specific clients, is granted by Parapsychology Press, provided that the base fee is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Dr., Danvers, MA 01923. For those organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The Journal is the official publication of the Parapsychological Association, an affiliate of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and is indexed in PSYCINFO and SCO- PUS. Copyright © 2017 by the Parapsychology Press ISSN 0022-3387 101 Editor Etzel Cardeña, Ph. D., Thorsen Professor in Psychology, Lund University, Sweden Associate Editors John Palmer, Ph. D., Rhine Research Center, USA Chris A. Roe, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Northampton, UK Caroline Watt, Ph. D., Koestler Chair of Parapsychology, University of Edinburgh, UK Statistical Associate Editor Jessica Utts, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, USA Book Reviews Editor Carlos Alvarado, Ph. D., Adjunct Research Faculty, Sofia University. Editorial Board Carl Martin Alwood, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Pascal Baseilhac, Ph. D. (Theoretical Physics), Ki France, Tours, France Vilfredo De Pascalis, Ph. D., Professor. Department of Psychology, Sapienza Universitá di Roma, Italy Renaud Evrard, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Lorraine, France Miguel Farias, Ph. D., Reader in Cognitive and Biological Psychology, Coventry University, UK Christopher C. French, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of Lon- don, UK Harvey Irwin, Ph. D., Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Behavioral, Cognitive and Social Sciences, University of New England, Australia Graham Jamieson, Ph. D., Senior Lecturer, School of Behavioural, Cognitive and Social Sciences, Uni- versity of New England, Australia Menas Kafatos, Ph. D., Fletcher Jones Professor of Computational Physics, Chapman University, USA Edward F. Kelly, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia Health System, USA Jeffrey J. Kripal, Ph. D., J. Newton Rayzor Chair in Philosophy and Religious Throught, Rice Universi- ty, USA Tanya Marie Luhrmann, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, USA 102 The Journal of Parapsychology David Luke, Ph. D., Senior Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of Greenwich, UK Steven Jay Lynn, Ph. D., Distinguished Professor of Psychology, Binghamton University (SUNY) David Marcusson-Clavertz, Ph. D., Postdoctoral Scholar, Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsyl- vania State University, USA Gerhard Mayer, Ph. D., Researcher, Institut für Grenzgebiete der Psychologie und Psychohygiene, Ger- many Christine Mohr, Ph. D., Professor in Psychology, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland K. Ramakrishna Rao, Ph. D., Chancellor, GITAM University, India. Robert Rosenthal, Ph. D., Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology, Emeritus, Harvard University, USA Stefan Schmidt, Ph. D., Professor, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Germany Christine Simmonds-Moore, Ph. D., Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of West Georgia, USA Jerry Solfvin, Ph. D., Associate Professor, Center for Indic Studies. University of Massachusetts, Dart- mouth, USA Paul Stoller, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Anthropology, West Chester University, USA Rex G. Stanford, Ph. D., Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychology, St. John’s University, USA Patrizio Tressoldi, Ph. D., Researcher, Department of General Psychology, Università di Padova, Italy Mario Varvoglis, Ph. D., President, Institut Métapsychique International, Paris, France Max Velmans, Ph. D., Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of Lon- don, UK Robin Wooffitt, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Sociology, The University of York, UK Wellington Zangari, Ph. D., Professor, Department of Psychology, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Previous Editors Founding editors: William McDougall and Joseph Banks Rhine Other past editors: Betty M. Humphrey, Gardner F. Murphy, John A. Palmer, Dorothy H. Pope, J. G. Pratt, K. Ramakrishna Rao, Louisa E. Rhine, Bernard F. Riess, W. G. Roll, C. E. Stuart Volume 81 / Number 2 / Fall 2017 EDITORIAL On Scientific Amnesia 104 Etzel Cardeña Erratum 105 In Memoriam: Robert G. Jahn, Scientist, Mentor, Friend 106 Roger Nelson ARTICLES Abstracts from the 60th Annual Convention 109 of the Parapsychological Association Various PA Presidential Address 2017: Withering Skepticism 143 Chris A. Roe Spontaneous Social Behavior Can Implicity Express 160 ESP Information James Carpenter and Carol Sanks The Minimal Self and Belief in Paranormal Phenomena 177 Harvey J. Irwin BOOK REVIEWS Extra Sensory Perception: Support, Skepticism, and Science 196 Volume 1: History, Controversy, and Research, and Volume 2: Theories of Psi By Edwin C. May and Sonali Bhatt Marwaha Stephen L. Baumgart Knowing the Unknowable: Putting Psi to Work 205 By Damien Broderick Paul H. Smith CORRESPONDENCE Douglas M. Stokes 209 Volume 81 Reviewers 211 Instruction to Authors 212 Postal forms 214 We thank the following for their translations of the abstracts: Eberhard Bauer (German), Etzel Cardeña (Spanish), and Renaud Evrard (French) 104 The Journal of Parapsychology Journal of Parapsychology, 81(2), 104-105 Editorial: On Scientific Amnesia Etzel Cardeña Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. George Santayana (1905) In coincidence -or synchrony, if you will- with Chris Roe’s focus in his Parapsychological Association (PA) Presidential Address (this issue) on the extraordinary contributions of Charles (Chuck) Honorton, I am reprinting in the PA’s bulletin Mindfield one of his great papers on the relation between alterations of consciousness and experimental psi (Honorton, 1976). Chuck’s jus- tified demolition of dishonest criticism notwithstanding, any discipline or system requires self-crit- icism to avoid dogmatisms and potential catastrophes, and parapsychology is not an exception (Cardeña, 2011). This completely unoriginal reflection came to my mind while I was attending the latest PA convention in Athens. As is the case with just about every other convention I have attend- ed, and I have gone to meetings of at least three major disciplines and various subdisciplines, the quality of the papers followed a more-or-less normal distribution, with a few very good ones, the majority showing competence, and some that were quite bad. I have been around enough to have heard or read many times the cliché that a whole conference program was “outstanding”, when that is rarely, if ever, the case. In the Athens convention what was particularly problematic to me was the ignorance or dis- regard by some presenters of earlier and very pertinent research and literature, as if somehow the topic had not been studied until the authors decided to focus their attention on it. Partly, I believe, this evidences an inadequate literature review and a failure to do one’s homework, but also arro- gance in the assumption that what was done previously is not worth reading, as if somehow we are now more knowledgeable and/or brighter than people in the past (reading any paper by Chuck Honorton or some of the other great figures in the field should quickly disabuse any reader of that false belief). As one of my editorship policies, I demand that papers contain adequate literature re- views of relevant works, no matter how old. Of course, the goal of a complete literature review can only be aspirational, as I always find to my dismay after publishing a paper after conducting a lit- erature