MULTI-LEVEL ADAPTIVE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUE for PAYLOAD ENCODING in STEGANOGRAPHY ALGORITHMS 1 2 3 Jagan Raj Jayapandiyan , Dr
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Administrator's Guide
Trend Micro Incorporated reserves the right to make changes to this document and to the product described herein without notice. Before installing and using the product, review the readme files, release notes, and/or the latest version of the applicable documentation, which are available from the Trend Micro website at: http://docs.trendmicro.com/en-us/enterprise/scanmail-for-microsoft- exchange.aspx Trend Micro, the Trend Micro t-ball logo, Apex Central, eManager, and ScanMail are trademarks or registered trademarks of Trend Micro Incorporated. All other product or company names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners. Copyright © 2020. Trend Micro Incorporated. All rights reserved. Document Part No.: SMEM149028/200709 Release Date: November 2020 Protected by U.S. Patent No.: 5,951,698 This documentation introduces the main features of the product and/or provides installation instructions for a production environment. Read through the documentation before installing or using the product. Detailed information about how to use specific features within the product may be available at the Trend Micro Online Help Center and/or the Trend Micro Knowledge Base. Trend Micro always seeks to improve its documentation. If you have questions, comments, or suggestions about this or any Trend Micro document, please contact us at [email protected]. Evaluate this documentation on the following site: https://www.trendmicro.com/download/documentation/rating.asp Privacy and Personal Data Collection Disclosure Certain features available in Trend Micro products collect and send feedback regarding product usage and detection information to Trend Micro. Some of this data is considered personal in certain jurisdictions and under certain regulations. -
ACS – the Archival Cytometry Standard
http://flowcyt.sf.net/acs/latest.pdf ACS – the Archival Cytometry Standard Archival Cytometry Standard ACS International Society for Advancement of Cytometry Candidate Recommendation DRAFT Document Status The Archival Cytometry Standard (ACS) has undergone several revisions since its initial development in June 2007. The current proposal is an ISAC Candidate Recommendation Draft. It is assumed, however not guaranteed, that significant features and design aspects will remain unchanged for the final version of the Recommendation. This specification has been formally tested to comply with the W3C XML schema version 1.0 specification but no position is taken with respect to whether a particular software implementing this specification performs according to medical or other valid regulations. The work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. You are free to share (copy, distribute and transmit), and adapt the work under the conditions specified at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode. Disclaimer of Liability The International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) disclaims liability for any injury, harm, or other damage of any nature whatsoever, to persons or property, whether direct, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from publication, use of, or reliance on this Specification, and users of this Specification, as a condition of use, forever release ISAC from such liability and waive all claims against ISAC that may in any manner arise out of such liability. ISAC further disclaims all warranties, whether express, implied or statutory, and makes no assurances as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published in the Specification. -
Full Document
R&D Centre for Mobile Applications (RDC) FEE, Dept of Telecommunications Engineering Czech Technical University in Prague RDC Technical Report TR-13-4 Internship report Evaluation of Compressibility of the Output of the Information-Concealing Algorithm Julien Mamelli, [email protected] 2nd year student at the Ecole´ des Mines d'Al`es (N^ımes,France) Internship supervisor: Luk´aˇsKencl, [email protected] August 2013 Abstract Compression is a key element to exchange files over the Internet. By generating re- dundancies, the concealing algorithm proposed by Kencl and Loebl [?], appears at first glance to be particularly designed to be combined with a compression scheme [?]. Is the output of the concealing algorithm actually compressible? We have tried 16 compression techniques on 1 120 files, and the result is that we have not found a solution which could advantageously use repetitions of the concealing method. Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Luk´aˇsKencl, for his guidance and expertise throughout the course of this work. I would like to thank Prof. Robert Beˇst´akand Mr Pierre Runtz, for giving me the opportunity to carry out my internship at the Czech Technical University in Prague. I would also like to thank all the members of the Research and Development Center for Mobile Applications as well as my colleagues for the assistance they have given me during this period. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Related Work 4 2.1 Information concealing method . 4 2.2 Archive formats . 5 2.3 Compression algorithms . 5 2.3.1 Lempel-Ziv algorithm . -
ARC File Revision 3.0 Proposal
ARC file Revision 3.0 Proposal Steen Christensen, Det Kongelige Bibliotek <ssc at kb dot dk> Michael Stack, Internet Archive <stack at archive dot org> Edited by Michael Stack Revision History Revision 1 09/09/2004 Initial conversion of wiki working doc. [http://crawler.archive.org/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?ArcRevisionProposal] to docbook. Added suggested edits suggested by Gordon Mohr (Others made are still up for consideration). This revision is what is being submitted to the IIPC Framework Group for review at their London, 09/20/2004 meeting. Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................2 1.1. IIPC Archival Data Format Requirements .......................................................................... 2 1.2. Input ...........................................................................................................................2 1.3. Scope ..........................................................................................................................3 1.4. Acronyms, Abbreviations and Definitions .......................................................................... 3 2. ARC Record Addressing ........................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Reference ....................................................................................................................4 2.2. The ari Scheme ............................................................................................................ -
Steganography and Vulnerabilities in Popular Archives Formats.| Nyxengine Nyx.Reversinglabs.Com
Hiding in the Familiar: Steganography and Vulnerabilities in Popular Archives Formats.| NyxEngine nyx.reversinglabs.com Contents Introduction to NyxEngine ............................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction to ZIP file format ...................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction to steganography in ZIP archives ............................................................................................. 5 Steganography and file malformation security impacts ............................................................................... 8 References and tools .................................................................................................................................... 9 2 Introduction to NyxEngine Steganography1 is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message, a form of security through obscurity. When it comes to digital steganography no stone should be left unturned in the search for viable hidden data. Although digital steganography is commonly used to hide data inside multimedia files, a similar approach can be used to hide data in archives as well. Steganography imposes the following data hiding rule: Data must be hidden in such a fashion that the user has no clue about the hidden message or file's existence. This can be achieved by -
Guida-Comprimere-I-Documenti.Pdf
Guida Comprimere i documenti alvare spazio e gestire me- Questione di spazio Guida glio i file. In sintesi, è questo Per capire bene il funzionamento ai programmi Sil principale vantaggio che di questi programmi e quale sia deriva dall’utilizzo dei program- ancora oggi la loro utilità, bisogna che permettono mi per creare archivi compressi, tenere conto di come si è evolu- ovvero quei software che ci con- ta nel tempo la gestione dei file: di creare archivi sentono di “impacchettare” i file vent’anni fa la memoria di massa compressi che abbiamo sui nostri computer e più economica e diffusa era il flop- ridurre così lo spazio occupato sui py disk (il cosiddetto “dischetto”) salvando spazio dispositivi di archiviazione (cioè, da 1.4 megabyte. Attualmente, la le cosiddette memorie di massa e dimensione dei dischi ottici, del- sul pc. simili). le chiavette usb e degli hard disk N° 39 SETTEMBRE 2013 13 Guida QUATTRO SOFTWARE A CONFRONTO WinAce v2.69 PUNTI FORTI Versione standard 29$ (circa 22 €) Indispensabile per aprire i file in formato Valido Navigando online non è raro imbattersi .ace. in archivi compressi distribuiti in formato anche PUNTI DEBOLI se meno .ace. WinAce non si discosta molto, come funzionalità, dagli altri programmi: legge e L’Interfaccia utente è un po’ più ostica ri- conosciuto crea anche file .zip e legge (ma non crea) spetto agli altri programmi. file in formato .rar. Winrar v4.20 PUNTI FORTI Singola licenza 36 € Interfaccia semplice e immediata; sup- Winrar è la versione per Windows del pro- porta un buon numero formati in lettura È un altro gramma, ma esistono anche versioni per e scrittura. -
Les Extensions Des Fichiers
OUVRIR TOUS TYPES DE DOCUMENTS Quels logiciels pour quels fichiers? Fichiers_Audio Fichiers_Images Fichiers_Compressés Fichiers_De_Données Fichiers_Exécutables Fichiers_Encodés Fichiers_Exécutables Fichiers_Paramètres Fichiers_Polices Fichiers_Systèmes Fichiers_Texte Fichiers_Web Fichiers_Vidéos Famille de fichiers Fichiers_Audio Extension Programmes associés .aac iTunes/VLC Media Player .acm Ouvert directement par Windows .aif Windows media player/Quick Time/iTunes .asf Windows media player/VLC Media Player .au Windows media player/Quick Time/Real Player .cdr Windows media player/iTune .iff Quick Time .m3u iTunes/VLC Media Player/Real Player/WinAmp .mid ou .midi Quick Time .mp3 iTunes/VLC Media Player/Real Player/WinAmp Windows media player .mpa iTunes/Windows media player/Quick Time .ra Real Player .ram Real Player .Wav iTunes/Windows media player/VLC Media Player .wma Windows media player/navigateur internet/WinAmp Famille de fichiers Fichiers_Images Extension Programmes associés .3dmf Qick Time .ai Adobe Illustrator .bmp Ouverture par Windows .drw Paint shop pro/Picture it .eps GIMP/Irfanview .gif Paint/Irfanview/la plus part des logiciels multimédia .jpg/jpeg La plus part des logiciels multimédia .pdf Acrobat Reader .png Paint/Vista/Acdsee... .psd Adobe Photoshop/ logiciels de traitement image .psp Paint shop pro/divers traitement image .tiff Paint/Irfanview/divers traitement image .svg Flash player/navigateur internet Famille de fichiers Fichiers_Compressés Extension Programmes associés .ace Izarc/Winace/Winrar .arc Izarc/Winace/Winzip -
Installation and Configuration
6 Jun 2007 Drupal Handbook Table of Contents Installation and configuration . 1 System requirements . 2 Client System Requirements . 3 Javascript . 3 CSS . 4 RSS . 4 Browser Specifics . 4 Browser Popularity . 4 Known Problems . 4 Validation . 4 Caveats . 4 HOWTO: Server requirement recommendations for your consulting clients .. 5 Message to the Client . 5 Benchmark . 6 What Drupal.org runs on . 6 Requirements - older versions . 6 Installing Drupal, modules and themes . 8 Installing Drupal . 8 Formatted Drupal 5.x Installation instructions for better readability .. 13 Installation . 13 Changes . 14 Requirements . 14 Optional Requirements . 14 Installation . 14 Drupal Administration . 16 Customizing your theme(s) . 16 Multi-site configuration . 16 More Information . 17 Formatted Drupal 4.7.x Installation instructions for better readability .. 17 Installation . 17 REQUIREMENTS . 18 SERVER CONFIGURATION . 18 OPTIONAL COMPONENTS . 18 INSTALLATION . 19 1. DOWNLOAD DRUPAL . 19 2. CREATE THE DRUPAL DATABASE . 19 3. LOAD THE DRUPAL DATABASE SCHEME . 20 4. CONNECTING DRUPAL . 20 5. CONFIGURE DRUPAL . 21 6. CRON TASKS . 22 DRUPAL ADMINISTRATION . 22 CUSTOMIZING YOUR THEME(S) . 22 UPGRADING . 23 MORE INFORMATION . 23 i Drupal Handbook 6 Jun 2007 10 minute install using PuTTY SSH/Telnet client .. 23. How I installed Drupal: The Eightfold Way . 24. Installing virtual hosts for Drupal sites and subsites .. 25. Mac OS X-specific guidelines . 26. Important notes for MySQL install: . 27. HOWTO: Create a local server environment for drupal using MAMP .. 28. HOWTO: Installing PostgreSQL and MySQL on the same Mac OS X machine .. 29. Installing Drupal on Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger . 30. Installing and Configuring MySQL . 30. Sending mail . 32. -
How to 'Zip and Unzip' Files
How to 'zip and unzip' files The Windows 10 operating system provides a very easy way to zip-up any file (or folder) you want by using a utility program called 7-zip (Seven Zip). The program is integrated in the context menu which you get when you right-click on anything selected. Here are the basic steps you need to take in order to: Zip a file and create an archive 1. Open a folder in your machine and select any file (by clicking on it once). I selected a single file called 'how-to send an email.docx' 2. Now right click the mouse to have the context menu appear 3. In the context menu you should be able to see some commands like the capture below 4. Since we want to zip up the file you need to select one of the bottom two options a. 'Add to archive' will actually open up a dialog of the 7-zip application and will give you the opportunity to customise the archive. b. 'Add to how-to send an email.zip' is actually the quickest way possible to create an archive. The software uses the name of the file and selects a default compression scheme (.zip) so that you can, with two clicks, create a zip archive containing the original file. 5. Now you can use the 'how-to send an email.zip' file and send it as a 'smaller' email attachment. Now consider that you have just received (via email) the 'how-to send an email.zip' file and you need to get (the correct phrase is extract) the file it contains. -
Rule Base with Frequent Bit Pattern and Enhanced K-Medoid Algorithm for the Evaluation of Lossless Data Compression
Volume 3, No. 1, Jan-Feb 2012 ISSN No. 0976-5697 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science RESEARCH PAPER Available Online at www.ijarcs.info Rule Base with Frequent Bit Pattern and Enhanced k-Medoid Algorithm for the Evaluation of Lossless Data Compression. Nishad P.M.* Dr. N. Nalayini Ph.D Scholar, Department Of Computer Science Associate professor, Department of computer science NGM NGM College, Pollachi, India College Pollachi, Coimbatore, India [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: This paper presents a study of various lossless compression algorithms; to test the performance and the ability of compression of each algorithm based on ten different parameters. For evaluation the compression ratios of each algorithm on different parameters are processed. To classify the algorithms based on the compression ratio, rule base is constructed to mine with frequent bit pattern to analyze the variations in various compression algorithms. Also, enhanced K- Medoid clustering is used to cluster the various data compression algorithms based on various parameters. The cluster falls dissentingly high to low after the enhancement. The framed rule base consists of 1,048,576 rules, which is used to evaluate the compression algorithm. Two hundred and eleven Compression algorithms are used for this study. The experimental result shows only few algorithm satisfies the range “High” for more number of parameters. Keywords: Lossless compression, parameters, compression ratio, rule mining, frequent bit pattern, K–Medoid, clustering. I. INTRODUCTION the maximum shows the peek compression ratio of algorithms on various parameters, for example 19.43 is the Data compression is a method of encoding rules that minimum compression ratio and the 76.84 is the maximum allows substantial reduction in the total number of bits to compression ratio for the parameter EXE shown in table-1 store or transmit a file. -
Bicriteria Data Compression∗
Bicriteria data compression∗ Andrea Farruggia, Paolo Ferragina, Antonio Frangioni, and Rossano Venturini Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit`adi Pisa, Italy ffarruggi, ferragina, frangio, [email protected] Abstract lem, named \compress once, decompress many times", In this paper we address the problem of trading that can be cast into two main families: the com- optimally, and in a principled way, the compressed pressors based on the Burrows-Wheeler Transform [6], size/decompression time of LZ77 parsings by introduc- and the ones based on the Lempel-Ziv parsing scheme ing what we call the Bicriteria LZ77-Parsing problem. [35, 36]. Compressors are known in both families that The goal is to determine an LZ77 parsing which require time linear in the input size, both for compress- minimizes the space occupancy in bits of the compressed ing and decompressing the data, and take compressed- file, provided that the decompression time is bounded space which can be bound in terms of the k-th order by T . Symmetrically, we can exchange the role of empirical entropy of the input [25, 35]. the two resources and thus ask for minimizing the But the compressors running behind those large- decompression time provided that the compressed space scale storage systems are not derived from those scien- is bounded by a fixed amount given in advance. tific results. The reason relies in the fact that theo- We address this goal in three stages: (i) we intro- retically efficient compressors are optimal in the RAM duce the novel Bicriteria LZ77-Parsing problem which model, but they elicit many cache/IO misses during formalizes in a principled way what data-compressors the decompression step. -
Extracting a 19-Year-Old Code Execution from Winrar Introduction | Who Am I?
Extracting a 19-Year-Old Code Execution From WinRAR Introduction | Who Am I? • I am a vulnerability researcher @ Check Point Research • Worked @ Akamai as a security researcher • Worked @ IBM as a malware researcher • Twitter: @NadavGrossman Introduction | Agenda • Fuzzing 101 • Step-by-Step explanation about the fuzzing process we did • the evolution of our harness / fuzzing process until finding the critical vulnerability • Root cause Analysis • Exploitation process • PoC • Conclusions • Aftermath Introduction | What is WinRAR? • WinRAR is a trialware file archiver utility for Windows • closed source • Developed by RARLAB and first released in 1995 Introduction | What is WinRAR? Introduction | Motivation for the research • Good results from fuzzing Adobe Reader with WinAFL fuzzer Research conducted by @yoavalon and @NetanelBenSimon https://research.checkpoint.com/50-adobe-cves-in-50-days/ Introduction | Motivation for the research • Good results from fuzzing Adobe Reader with WinAFL fuzzer Research conducted by @yoavalon and @NetanelBenSimon https://research.checkpoint.com/50-adobe-cves-in-50-days/ • AFL intended for fuzzing file formats, WinRAR support 17 archive types • WinRAR is popular program and has more than 500M users worldwide • Attractive target, Zerodium offered $100K for an RCE exploit in WinRAR Introduction | Motivation for the research Fuzzing 101 | What Does Fuzzing Mean? • Automated software testing technique that provides to a computer program: • Invalid data • Unexpected data • Random data • The program is monitored for exceptions such as: • Crashes • memory leaks • Failing built-in code assertions Fuzzing 101 | Dumb Fuzzing VS Smart Fuzzing • There are 2 major types of fuzzing: • Dumb Fuzzing = no feedback from the fuzzed program. • Smart Fuzzing = getting feedback on the fuzzed program Fuzzing 101 | Dumb Fuzzing VS Smart Fuzzing • There are 2 major types of fuzzing: • Dumb Fuzzing = no feedback from the fuzzed program.