DOCSLIB.ORG

(SANCCOB) Is a World Leader in Seabird Rehabilitation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(SANCCOB) Is a World Leader in Seabird Rehabilitation SOS Seabirds! The Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds (SANCCOB) is a world leader in seabird rehabilitation. Since it was found- ed in 1968, it has treated more than 94,000 oiled, ill, injured or abandoned African penguins and other threatened seabirds, an operation that has de- pended upon a wealth of willing hands and hearts. TEXT AND PHOTOGRAPHS BY CHERYL-SAMANTHA OWEN/naturepl.com “You don’t really just ‘go’ to SANCCOB. You plunge in”. Even with an infectious air of hope, and the knowledge that the centre releases hun- dreds of seabirds back into the wild each year, the experience is still overwhelming. Birds arrive daily, delivering tangible mes- sages of the impact that we are having on the Earth. New admissions are sick, be- draggled, malnourished and dehydrated to varying degrees, and almost all are victims of human-induced factors, such as climate by 95 percent over the past century. If African penguins could indeed tap out a tune I fear it would be a blues refrain, lamenting their struggle to find enough fish to feed them- selves and their offspring, and the tidal wave of pollution they have to ride every day. Per- haps a few would even bray about the days during the mid 1800s and early 1900s when egg collectors invaded their nests and gua- no diggers scraped clean the “white gold”, vital layers of burrowing material that coat- ed their breeding habitats, to sell as fertilis- er. Though these practices were banned in South Africa, they had already delivered the first big blow to the penguin population. In 1910 there were more than 1.5 mil- lion (possibly 3 million) African penguins. Today fewer than 26,000 pairs waddle change, habitat destruction, ocean pollution, stiff-legged along beaches in Namibia and over-fishing. Some are rescued as chicks and South Africa, and their place on the from near starvation in wild penguin colonies IUCN Endangered list means that your in the Cape; others are found washed up, last chance to see wild penguins in Af- weak and exhausted. Many are suffocating rica may arrive within the next 50 years. under a thick wrapping of black oil. The staff and volunteers at SANCCOB endeavour to restore birds to health and, when possible, release these feathered survivors back into the wild. The history of how and why these seabirds arrived here deserves to be told, as it is indicative of the global environmental changes that are taking place around us. Studies have shown the population of African penguins is 19 percent higher than it would have been without the SANCCOB’s efforts, but numbers have nevertheless plummeted pon arrival of the rescued duties. It isn’t a holiday camp, and birds, SANCCOB’s rehabili- it is not about cuddling penguins. tation team, comprising of “Be warned!” says Dr Nola Parsons, Ustaff and volunteers, quick- SANCCOB’s veterinarian, “Penguins ly sets in motion the protocol for new and other seabirds are wild animals admissions. Patients are weighed, and will bite given the opportunity!” examined, syringe-fed rehydration But what are a few nips and bruises cocktails, and given vitamin injec- when you’re putting a bird back on tions before being dusted with an- the wing or its feet! Indeed, a bird’s ti-parasite powder and assigned to feistiness may help it to survive af- pens, the chick rearing unit (CRU) or ter being released from captivity. Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Antibiot- SANCCOB’s rehabilitation success ics and ointments are administered rate is the highest in the world, to sick birds (those with infections with around 90% of their penguin or breathing difficulties for exam- patients being released back into ple), as per the veterinarian’s in- the wild and over 50% of flying structions. Coordination is key, and birds (which are harder to reha- everyone is responsible for his or her bilitate) taking to the skies again. strict daily routine and task list for tricky skill, as fish milkshakes doesn’t seem to those on duty ensures that each in- slide down as well as our vanilla favourites. dividual creature receives the atten- Where there are seabirds, there is muck, and A tion required for its recovery. “Ev- a major part of life at SANCCOB revolves ery day is different and definitely not easy”, around bio-security – disinfecting and clean- says Lucy Burge, a student from Plymouth ing. Volunteers scrub mats, crates, pens, University. “You will be stretched and worked pools, in fact almost everything…continually. but if you know and understand the reasons To get the right shot, I often had to lie at behind everything you do, you won’t mind!” ground level, and more than once I’ve expe- Birds need to be fed, hydrated and medicat- rienced a missile of warm, fishy, liquid guano ed around the clock, and each pen has an on my face and camera. Cleaning is a serious allocated swim time. Very few birds are ‘free- business, and you need to learn to live with the feeders’; most have to be force-fed whole sar- smell of fish. Most people who have dipped dines or pilchards, a messy business for first into life here, however, find it worthwhile. timers. During one feeding session, I clicked “To know that you have helped even one the shutter button when a particularly cheeky bird regain its place in the wild, or even to penguin spat its sardine out at my lens – have assisted in saving that creature’s life, photographic proof of their obstinate feed- is an amazing feeling in itself,” Burge states. ing behaviour in captivity. Tubing is another Syringes filled with rehydration solution After the messy affair of feeding time, penguins are sprayed with water. But the smell of fish and guano is not one that can easily be washed away! he first character I met at the centre was “Rocky”. Waddling free, she was T welcomed into offices and was everyone’s favourite tour guide. This female rockhopper pen- guin presented an enigma when she was found in a boat near the town of Hermanus. Far outside of her natural range (the sub-Antarc- tic), she was most probably an inad- vertent stow-away or was perhaps bird- napped – either for entertain- ment or the pot, by a crew passing or adult who didn’t fall for Rocky’s through the Southern Ocean. Sad- charms, such as her loud honks or ly, returning her home was not an attempts to nibble at imaginary option, for she could endanger the bugs on your skin. “There’s a pen- wild colony by spreading foreign guin on my pelican!” I would say as diseases to her very sensitive and she hopped on my pelican-branded untouched homelands. Today this equipment case, and to this day my celebrated bird is an ambassador camera very proudly sports blotch- for her kin, helping with conserva- es of Rocky’s guano. Without doubt, tion education and reminding us her most critical role is revitalizing that we are all inhabitants of the and strengthening the bonds be- same planet. I never met a child tween birds and people. already interfered with nature. “In the race wallowed up to the armpit by thick to save a species, he says, “this life counts.” coastal scrub, Cuan McGeorge Why breeding and moulting seasons are gently rummages in the under- not perfectly synchronized scientists cannot S growth for a penguin chick that explain, but Stony Point is the only colony he’s had his eye on. As the warden of the with a population that has increased sub- Stony Point Nature Reserve in Betty’s Bay, stantially (from about 110 to 950 breed- about an hour outside Cape Town, Mc- ing pairs) since 2001. The last breeding George monitors the condition of chicks in pair disappeared from Lambert’s Bay in the penguin colony and knows exactly which 2006, and the colonies at other locations ones are growing fat and fluffy and which are hanging on by their webbed toes: the ones are not. The ones in poor condition Boulders Beach colony has dropped from are quite often abandoned chicks, which are brought to SANCCOB to be hand- reared. McGeorge explains, “Late breeders often 1054 to 444, Robben Island’s from 8000 start to moult before their chicks can fend to 1800 and Dassen Island’s from 25,000 for themselves, and since a moulting pen- to 4,000 – and all within the last ten years. guin cannot swim and catch fish, the young- The dangers to African penguins: overfishing, sters would starve to death without help. climate change and pollution are not easy to It isn’t easy deciding whether to remove a define. “It’s complicated,” says Richard Sher- chick from the colony – meddling with na- ley, a biologist at the University of Cape Town ture can have repercussions we don’t un- who studies penguins on Robben Island, “the derstand.” With the weak chick safely tucked species’ free fall is the result of a range of under his arm, he talks to tourists about pressures, there isn’t one simple explanation.” the perils seabirds face, and how we have uring the early sum- in rearing seabird chicks”, says Dr mer months of 2006 and Nola Parsons. “The birds which are 2007, large numbers of housed in the Chick Rearing Unit, Hartlaub’s Gull chick being African penguin chicks and the people and expertise that D hand-reared at SANCCOB’s were abandoned by their moult- are contained within it represent chick-rearing unit.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • African Penguin Colony
    An Innovative and Inspiring Space for a Growing African Penguin Colony enguins are among the most iconic and beloved avian groups, and the PCincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden is embarking on an opportunity to further their engagement in care and conservation of African Penguins. This species in particular is endangered in their native range and requires the collective focus of zoos, aquariums, and other conservation organizations to ensure its survival into the future. The Cincinnati Zoo is seeking to construct a new habitat space for African Penguins that will allow for our colony to grow from 11 birds to 30+, which will contribute immensely to ex-situ conservation efforts, not to mention inspiring our visitors to care more about the species’ plight. A brand new habitat offers the opportunity to dream and innovate and truly bring the best experience to its animal residents. The new African Penguin habitat at the Cincinnati Zoo will be three times larger than the current space and offer a variety of new habitat feature to maximize their welfare, including: a dynamic pool area to encourage natural swimming behavior and exercise, natural substrates to dig into and to promote improved foot health, outdoor heating and cooling so that penguins can stay outside longer in the year, and a dramatically larger indoor bedroom area with a pool and UV-transmitting skylights to ensure health and comfort during our Cincinnati winter. African Penguin reproduction will be a key goal of this new habitat, and the new habitat and bedroom area will offer the opportunity to expand our nesting sites and maximize successful rearing of chicks.
    [Show full text]
  • Colour Aberrations in African Penguins 19 COLOUR ABERRATIONS in AFRICAN PENGUINS SPHENISCUS DEMERSUS
    Traisnel et al.: Colour aberrations in African Penguins 19 COLOUR ABERRATIONS IN AFRICAN PENGUINS SPHENISCUS DEMERSUS GWENDOLINE TRAISNEL1, LORIEN PICHEGRU1, HENVIK J. VISSER2 & LLOYD C. EDWARDS3 1 DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology at the Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa ([email protected]) 2 Addo Elephant Marine Section, South African National Parks, Port Elizabeth, South Africa 3 Raggy Charters, Port Elizabeth, South Africa Received 31 July 2017, accepted 3 October 2017 ABSTRACT TRAISNEL, G., PICHEGRU, L., VISSER, H.J. & EDWARDS, L.C. 2018. Colour aberrations in African Penguins Spheniscus demersus. Marine Ornithology 46: 19–22. Colour aberrations among wild birds are of long-time interest because they are uncommon, particularly in seabirds, although recent publications have revealed varying forms of aberrations in cormorants and penguins. In African Penguins Spheniscus demersus, there have been previous sightings of abnormal plumages, particularly in Algoa Bay, South Africa. This paper reveals new cases of plumage aberrations in African Penguins: leucism, “brown,” and phaeomelanism, all within Algoa Bay. While all aberrations seemed of natural origin, one in the shape of a number eight may have resulted from human actions. Key words: African Penguin, abnormal plumages, Algoa Bay, leucism, phaeomelanism, “brown” INTRODUCTION but also an effort on the part of the scientific community to report these rare observations. For example, albinism has been recently Production of melanin pigments eumelanin and phaeomelanin recorded in shags and cormorants (Cook et al. 2012, Crossland can be subject to alterations, both of heritable and non-heritable 2012), as has isabel (incorrect term, as the mutation involved was origin, resulting in abnormalities in plumage colour (van Grouw “brown”) (Oosthuizen & De Bruyn, 2009) and ino (Juàres et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Genomic Characterisation of a Novel Avipoxvirus Isolated from an Endangered Yellow-Eyed Penguin (Megadyptes Antipodes)
    viruses Article Genomic Characterisation of a Novel Avipoxvirus Isolated from an Endangered Yellow-Eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) Subir Sarker 1,* , Ajani Athukorala 1, Timothy R. Bowden 2,† and David B. Boyle 2 1 Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; [email protected] 2 CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; [email protected] (T.R.B.); [email protected] (D.B.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-3-9479-2317; Fax: +61-3-9479-1222 † Present address: CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia. Abstract: Emerging viral diseases have become a significant concern due to their potential con- sequences for animal and environmental health. Over the past few decades, it has become clear that viruses emerging in wildlife may pose a major threat to vulnerable or endangered species. Diphtheritic stomatitis, likely to be caused by an avipoxvirus, has been recognised as a signifi- cant cause of mortality for the endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) in New Zealand. However, the avipoxvirus that infects yellow-eyed penguins has remained uncharacterised. Here, we report the complete genome of a novel avipoxvirus, penguinpox virus 2 (PEPV2), which was derived from a virus isolate obtained from a skin lesion of a yellow-eyed penguin. The PEPV2 genome is 349.8 kbp in length and contains 327 predicted genes; five of these genes were found to be unique, while a further two genes were absent compared to shearwaterpox virus 2 (SWPV2).
    [Show full text]
  • 46 1 85-88.Pdf
    Traisnel & Pichegru: Nest usurpation in African Penguins 85 POSSIBLE DRIVERS OF NEST USURPATION IN AFRICAN PENGUINS SPHENISCUS DEMERSUS GWENDOLINE TRAISNEL & LORIEN PICHEGRU DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa ([email protected]) Received 10 January 2018, accepted 27 February 2018 ABSTRACT TRAISNEL, G. & PICHEGRU, L. 2018. Possible drivers of nest usurpation in African Penguins Spheniscus demersus. Marine Ornithology 46: 85–88. Nest usurpation is a relatively common phenomenon in birds but remains poorly documented in penguins. This behaviour may advantage bolder and aggressive individuals and influence population dynamics by affecting breeding success. African Penguins Spheniscus demersus are aggressive towards conspecifics during the breeding season when competing for territory. However, nest usurpation is rarely observed in this species. We describe three records of nest usurpation in African Penguins from Bird Island, Algoa Bay (South Africa) in 2017. After a climate-related massive breeding failure, late breeders in search of a territory attacked occupants of earlier-breeding nests, sometimes leading to the death of their brood. These observations may be the consequence of an extreme weather event, which created a marked asynchrony in breeding stages in this specific year, with many birds tending chicks, while others were just beginning to look for territories. This mismatch provided the opportunity for particularly aggressive individuals to decrease the breeding output of less aggressive birds, thereby possibly influencing the species’ population dynamics. Key words: African Penguin, nest displacement, nest stealing, asynchrony INTRODUCTION summer may result in nest desertion (Frost et al.
    [Show full text]
  • SHORT NOTE Prey Seizing in African Penguins Spheniscus Demersus
    SHORT NOTE Prey seizing in African Penguins Spheniscus demersus For seabirds, foraging behaviour can be divid- ink. Strips of one millimetre graph paper backed by card & (10 x 50 mm), were laid across these surfaces to make irn- ed into three sequential phases (Din Eltring- prints. The surface areas of the imprints were determined by ham 1974): 1) choosing where to forage and lo- counting the number of. quarter-millimetre squares filled cation of prey, i.e. in different habitats, socially with ink. or alone, close to a nest site or at a distance We made direct measurements on the strength of the bite of five live adult African Penguins. Two Pesola balances, ac- (Brown 1980), the use of vision vs olfaction curate to five grams, were attached with tape to both the up- (Wenzel 1980); 2) the mode of attack on prey per and lower mandible tips. The pull was measured when (e.g. plunging, dipping or surface diving, Ash- the beak was slightly opened by inducing the penguin to bite at a finger laid between the two mandibles. We examined mole 1971); and 3) capture and handling of prey approximately 6000 fishes from 556 African Penguin regur- (e.g. spearing, seizing, filtering, Owre 1967, gitations (Wilson 1985) for marks made by the birds' beaks. Ashmole 1971, Zusi 1962, 1975). Much atten- tion has been devoted to the first two aspects of The beak length, from the tip of the unguis to foraging, but relatively little work has been the quadrate, was 105 mm. A single tomium done on the capture and handling of prey.
    [Show full text]
  • WAVE on Wheels Outreach Penguin Presentation Grades 9 – 12
    WAVE on Wheels Outreach Penguin Presentation Grades 9 – 12 Time requirement 1 Hour Group size and grade Up to 50 students maximum Materials 1 African Penguin Penguin Artifacts Bin Penguin Emergency Backpack Penguin Pedestal WAVE Tablecloth Goal Through a live penguin encounter, students will be excited, engaged, and educated about the wonders of aquatic life and the importance of conservation. Objectives 1. Students will be able to list 5 adaptations a penguin has for aquatic life including a combination of internal and external body parts as well as behaviors. 2. Students will be able to define natural selection and discuss its effects on penguin adaptations. 3. Students will be able to list at least 5 species of penguin and identify that some penguins live in warm environments. WAVE Foundation • One Aquarium Way • Newport, KY 41071 • www.wavefoundation.org • (859) 815-1442 Rev 3/16 4. Students will be able to discuss biological factors relating to penguin population numbers, individual growth rates, and reproductive success. 5. Students will be able to discuss social behavior strategies among penguins. 6. Students will be able to discuss penguin conservation efforts as well as how they can help save penguins and other aquatic animals. 7. Students will be able to design and describe a method for monitoring and minimizing human impacts on penguin environments. Theme Penguins are unique aquatic birds that play an important role in their environment. Kentucky Core Academic Standards – Science HS. Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems HS-LS2-7. Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Sentinels of the Ocean the Science of the World’S Penguins
    A scientific report from The Pew Charitable Trusts April 2015 Sentinels Of the Ocean The science of the world’s penguins Contents 1 Overview 1 Status of penguin populations 1 Penguin biology Species 3 22 The Southern Ocean 24 Threats to penguins Fisheries 24 Increasing forage fisheries 24 Bycatch 24 Mismatch 24 Climate change 25 Habitat degradation and changes in land use 25 Petroleum pollution 25 Guano harvest 26 Erosion and loss of native plants 26 Tourism 26 Predation 26 Invasive predators 26 Native predators 27 Disease and toxins 27 27 Protecting penguins Marine protected areas 27 Ecosystem-based management 29 Ocean zoning 29 Habitat protections on land 30 31 Conclusion 32 References This report was written for Pew by: Pablo García Borboroglu, Ph.D., president, Global Penguin Society P. Dee Boersma, Ph.D., director, Center for Penguins as Ocean Sentinels, University of Washington Caroline Cappello, Center for Penguins as Ocean Sentinels, University of Washington Pew’s environmental initiative Joshua S. Reichert, executive vice president Tom Wathen, vice president Environmental science division Becky Goldburg, Ph.D., director, environmental science Rachel Brittin, officer, communications Polita Glynn, director, Pew Marine Fellows Program Ben Shouse, senior associate Charlotte Hudson, director, Lenfest Ocean Program Anthony Rogers, senior associate Katie Matthews, Ph.D., manager Katy Sater, senior associate Angela Bednarek, Ph.D., manager Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the many contributors to Penguins: Natural History and Conservation (University of Washington Press, 2013), upon whose scholarship this report is based. Used by permission of the University of Washington Press The environmental science team would like to thank Dee Boersma, Pablo “Popi” Borboroglu, and Caroline Cappello for sharing their knowledge of penguins by writing and preparing this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Spheniscus Demersus) Provisioning Chicks at Robben Island, South Africa
    Factors influencing the foraging behaviour of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus) provisioning chicks at Robben Island, South Africa by Kate Campbell Student number: RBNKAT008 Thesis presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science UniversityUNIVERSITY ofOF CAPE Cape TOWN Town Supervised by Professor Les G. Underhill Co-supervised by: Dr. Richard B. Sherley Dr. Antje Steinfurth Dr. Rob J. M. Crawford December 2016 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town DECLARATION I, Katrina (Kate) Jane Campbell, formerly Robinson, hereby declare that this thesis and the work on which this thesis is based is my original work (except where acknowledgements indicate otherwise) and that neither the whole work nor any part of it has been, is being, or is to be submitted for another degree in this or any other university. I authorise the University to reproduce for the purpose of research either the whole or any portion of the contents in any manner whatsoever. SIGNED:_____________________________Signature Removed KATRINA JANE CAMPBELL DATE:______________________________11 December 2016 ii "COURAGE IS NOT THE ABSENCE OF FEAR, BUT THE TRIUMPH OVER IT."
    [Show full text]
  • The Future for Flipper Banding African Penguins: Discussion, Recommendations and Guidelines
    Petersen et al.: Appendix to Marine Ornithology 33(2): 75-79 E1 THE FUTURE FOR FLIPPER BANDING AFRICAN PENGUINS: DISCUSSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND GUIDELINES SAMANTHA L. PETERSEN1, GEORGE M. BRANCH2, ROBERT J.M. CRAWFORD3, JOHN COOPER4 & LES G. UNDERHILL4 1BirdLife South Africa, c/o Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa ([email protected]) 2Department of Zoology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa 3Marine and Coastal Management, Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, South Africa 4Avian Demography Unit, Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa INTRODUCTION detecting adverse effects, the bulk of peer-reviewed evidence is that metal flipper bands can be detrimental to a range of species. Flipper banding has enhanced our understanding of penguin biology and aided management decisions since the 1950s (Williams 1995). Most evidence of adverse effects of bands has been derived from More recently, however, a body of evidence has emerged to suggest sub-Antarctic and Antarctic species, although the temperate-water that this marking technique may no longer be the method of choice Little Penguin Eudyptula minor (Dann et al. 2000) has also been in all circumstances, because concerns have been raised about the demonstrated to be adversely affected by flipper banding. Evidence potential adverse effects of flipper bands (Ainley et al. 1983, Culik et of such effects is currently lacking for Spheniscus species. This al. 1993, Trivelpiece & Trivelpiece 1994, Hindell et al. 1996, Clarke should not be taken to mean there are no adverse effects, because & Kerry et al. 1998, Froget et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 75, No. 187/Tuesday, September 28, 2010
    Federal Register / Vol. 75, No. 187 / Tuesday, September 28, 2010 / Rules and Regulations 59645 * Elevation in feet (NGVD) + Elevation in feet (NAVD) Flooding source(s) Location of referenced elevation # Depth in feet Communities above ground affected ∧ Elevation in meters (MSL) Modified Unnamed Tributary No. 1 to At the area bounded by U.S. Route 33, Wabash Avenue, +1415 Unincorporated Areas of Fink Run (Backwater effects and County Route 33/1. Upshur County. from Buckhannon River). * National Geodetic Vertical Datum. + North American Vertical Datum. # Depth in feet above ground. ∧ Mean Sea Level, rounded to the nearest 0.1 meter. ADDRESSES Unincorporated Areas of Upshur County Maps are available for inspection at the Upshur County Courthouse Annex, 38 West Main Street, Buckhannon, WV 26201. (Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance No. 76.913(b)(1)—62 FR 6495, February 12, collection requirements that are subject 97.022, ‘‘Flood Insurance.’’) 1997. to OMB approval. Dated: September 21, 2010. 76.924(e)(1)(iii) and (e)(2)(iii)—61 FR [FR Doc. 2010–24203 Filed 9–27–10; 8:45 am] Edward L. Connor, 9367, March 8, 1996. BILLING CODE 6712–01–P Acting Federal Insurance and Mitigation 76.925—60 FR 52119, October 5, 1995. Administrator, Department of Homeland 76.942(f)—60 FR 52120, October 5, Security, Federal Emergency Management 1995. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Agency. 76.944(c)—60 FR 52121, October 5, [FR Doc. 2010–24326 Filed 9–27–10; 8:45 am] 1995. Fish and Wildlife Service BILLING CODE 9110–12–P 76.957—60 FR 52121, October 5, 1995.
    [Show full text]
  • Foraging Behaviour of the Chinstrap Penguin 85
    1999 Wilson & Peters: Foraging behaviour of the Chinstrap Penguin 85 FORAGING BEHAVIOUR OF THE CHINSTRAP PENGUIN PYGOSCELIS ANTARCTICA AT ARDLEY ISLAND, ANTARCTICA RORY P. WILSON & GERRIT PETERS Institut für Meereskunde an der Universität Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany ([email protected]) SUMMARY WILSON, R.P. & PETERS, G. 1999. Foraging behaviour of the Chinstrap Penguin Pygoscelis antarctica at Ardley Island, Antarctica. Marine Ornithology 27: 85–95. The foraging behaviour of 20 Chinstrap Penguins Pygoscelis antarctica breeding at Ardley Island, King George Island, Antarctica was studied during the austral summers of 1991/2 and 1995/6 using stomach tem- perature loggers (to determine feeding patterns), depth recorders and multiple channel loggers. The multi- ple channel loggers recorded dive depth, swim speed and swim heading which could be integrated using vectors to determine the foraging tracks. Half the birds left the island to forage between 02h00 and 10h00. Mean time at sea was 10.6 h. Birds generally executed a looping type course with most individuals foraging within 20 km of the island. Maximum foraging range was 33.5 km. Maximum dive depth was 100.7 m although 80% of all dives had depth maxima less than 30 m. The following dive parameters were positively related to maximum depth reached during the dive: total dive duration, descent duration, duration at the bottom of the dive, ascent duration, descent angle, ascent angle, rate of change of depth during descent and rate of change of depth during ascent. Swim speed was unrelated to maximum dive depth and had mean values of 2.6, 2.5 and 2.2 m/s for the descent, bottom and ascent phases of the dive.
    [Show full text]
  • Penguin Camp)
    Appendix 1.2 PENGUIN Conservation Assessment and Management Plan (PENGUIN CAMP) Report from a Workshop held 8-9 September 1996, Cape Town, South Africa Edited by Susie Ellis, John P. Croxall and John Cooper Data sheet for the African Penguin Spheniscus demersus African Penguin Spheniscus demersus STATUS: New UCN Category: Vulnerable Based on: A1a, A2b, E CITES: Appendix II OTHER: In South Africa, endangered in terms of the Nature and Environmental Conservation Ordinance, No. 19 of 1974 of the Province of the Cape of Good Hope. This now applies to the Northern Cape, Western Cape and Eastern Cape Provinces. In Namibia, there is no official legal status. Listed as Near Threatened in Birds to Watch 2 (Collar et al. 1994). Listed as Vulnerable in the Red Data Book for South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland (Crawford 2000). Listed in Appendix II of the Convention for the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (Bonn Convention). Taxonomic status: Species. Current distribution (breeding and wintering): Breeding distribution: Between Hollams Bird Island, Namibia and Bird Island, Algoa Bay, South Africa. Number of locations: 27 extant breeding colonies - eight islands and one mainland site along the coast of southern Namibia; 10 islands and two mainland sites along the coast of Western Cape Province, South Africa; six islands in Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (Crawford et al. 1995a). There is no breeding along the coast of South Africa's Northern Cape Province, which lies between Namibia and Western Cape Province. Concentrated Migration Regions: None. Juveniles tend to disperse along the coastline to the west and north (Randall et al.
    [Show full text]