Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Guide to Users Background What is the summary for and where does it come from? This summary has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. It highlights important elements of the biodiversity of the region in two ways: • Listing species which may be significant for management because they are found only in the region, mainly in the region, or they have a conservation status such as endangered or vulnerable. • Comparing the region to other parts of Australia in terms of the composition and distribution of its species, to suggest components of its biodiversity which may be nationally significant. The summary was produced using the Australian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. The list of families covered in ANHAT is shown in Appendix 1. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are are not not included included in the in the summary. • The data used for this summary come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations. The summary summarises the input data, so errors found in the original data would also be reflected in this summary. • The scientific names and taxonomic concepts used in this report reflect an ANHAT view of the data and not necessarily that found in government censuses, databases or other authoritative lists. Biodiversity summary for Northern and Yorke SA Page 1 of 32 21-Jan-11 Reading the Biodiversity Summary The summary is divided into two sections: Highlightsand Species List. Highlights section This section draws attention to species of special interest, or characteristics of the biodiversity in the region which rate very highly compared to the rest of Australia. It contains the following: • Total number of nationally rare and threatened species found in the region and listed under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act. • A list of families which have a very high level of species richness or endemism compared to the rest of Australia. - Species richness counts the number of different species found in a given area. - Endemism estimates the degree to which species found in a given area have small geographic ranges. The smaller the range of a species, the more it contributes to the endemism score. In this summary, a threshold value of 2% was used. This means that compared to the rest of the country, the families listed in the summary may have a significant focus of diversity here, because all or part of the region has richness or endemism scores within the top 2% of areas in Australia. • A count of the number of species which have more than 50% of their recorded range within the region. If a species shows a value of 100% it indicates its distribution is restricted to that particular region as all the available records are in that region. Biodiversity summary for Northern and Yorke SA Page 2 of 32 21-Jan-11 Species List section This section shows species which may be significant for biodiversity management in the region because: • they are listed in the EPBC Act as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, or conservation dependent; • their distribution lies entirely or primarily within the region. For each plant or animal family listed, this section also gives the total number of species in the country, and how many of them are found in the region. Note that this list covers species in the families listed in Appendix 1. Many species found in the region will not be listed because they don’t meet either of the two criteria above. The aim of providing a selected species list is to narrow the view from a very large number of species, to those which may be a focus of conservation activity in the region. Species which are largely restricted to the region may not have any conservation concerns, but may deserve attention because their future lies with the region and those who manage it. A list of all species in the region belonging to the families listed in Appendix 1 is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Biodiversity summary for Northern and Yorke SA Page 3 of 32 21-Jan-11 Biodiversity Summary for NRM Region Northern and Yorke, South Australia This summary was produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities using the Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). ANHAT is a database and decision support tool which uses over 33 million specimen and survey records for vertebrates, selected invertebrates and 137 vascular plant families (over 15,000 species). This Biodiversity Summary does not include exotic or extinct species. Highlights Species Restricted to this Region The proportion of sampled range (%) as shown in the Species List is an indication of the distribution of the species in the region in relation to other parts of Australia. There are 49 species with greater than 50% of their recorded range in the region. Of these species, 25 species have 100% of their recorded range in the region. See the Species List for details. Threatened species (Enviroment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act) Total number of threatened species (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act) in this region which belong to the families covered by this Biodiversity Summary (Appendix 1) 1 species declared as critically endangered 17 species declared as endangered 32 species declared as vulnerable 1 species declared as conservation dependent Species Richness Compared to the rest of Australia parts of this region show a high level of richness for the following families. This means that the number of species in these families is in the top 2% compared to the rest of the country. Vertebrate fauna - Family Blenniidae - Blennies, Fangblennies, Rockshippers - Family Climacteridae - Treecreepers - Family Corvidae - Crows and Jays - Family Enoplosidae - Oldwife - Family Gobiidae - Gobies - Family Hirundinidae - Swallows and Martins Biodiversity summary for Northern and Yorke SA Page 4 of 32 21-Jan-11 - Family Labridae - Wrasses, Parrotfishes, Rockwhitings - Family Monacanthidae - Leatherjackets - Family Otariidae - Eared Seals - Family Pleuronectidae - Right Handed Flatfishes, Righteye Flounders - Family Pygopodidae - Legless lizards - Family Syngnathidae - Pipefishes, Seahorses - Family Tetraodontidae - Blowfishes, Pufferfishes, Puffers, Toadfishes, Toby Invertebrate fauna - Family Amphibolidae - Supra-littoral Globose "Land" Snails - Family Aphylidae - - Family Asilidae - Robber Flies - Family Camaenidae - Camaenid Land Snails - Family Corixidae - Waterboatmen - Family Cryptorhamphidae - - Family Ctenizidae - Trapdoor Spiders - Family Ellobiidae - Primitive Supralittoral Pulmonate Snails - Family Formicidae - Ants - Family Halictidae - - Family Hyocephalidae - - Family Lycosidae - Wolf Spiders - Family Notonectidae - Backswimmers - Family Oxycarenidae - - Family Pentatomidae - Stinkbugs - Family Scutelleridae - - Family Sparassidae - Huntsmen Spiders (formerly Heteropodidae) Vascular flora - Family Aizoaceae - Pigfaces - Family Asphodelaceae - Native Leek - Family Asteraceae - Daisies and Allies - Family Chenopodiaceae - Saltbushes and Allies - Family Juncaginaceae - Water Ribbons - Family Orobanchaceae - - Family Solanaceae - Native Gooseberries, Wild Tomatos and Boxthorns - Family Thymelaeaceae - Pimeleas - Family Zygophyllaceae - Zygophyllaceae Biodiversity summary for Northern and Yorke SA Page 5 of 32 21-Jan-11 Endemism Compared to the rest of Australia parts of this region show a high level of endemism for the following families, placing them in the top 2% compared to the rest of the country. Vertebrate fauna - Family Acanthizidae - Scrubwrens, Thornbills and Allies - Family Blenniidae - Blennies, Fangblennies, Rockshippers - Family Climacteridae - Treecreepers - Family Enoplosidae - Oldwife - Family Eupetidae - Whipbirds, Quail-thrushes and Jewel-babblers - Family Kyphosidae - Drummers, Halfmoons, Knifefishes, Microcanthids, Nib - Family Labridae - Wrasses, Parrotfishes, Rockwhitings - Family Maluridae - Fairy-wrens and Grasswrens - Family Monacanthidae - Leatherjackets - Family Otariidae - Eared Seals - Family Pleuronectidae - Right Handed Flatfishes, Righteye Flounders - Family Scincidae - Skinks - Family Sillaginidae - Sillagos, Whitings - Family Syngnathidae - Pipefishes, Seahorses - Family Terapontidae - Grunters - Family Tetraodontidae - Blowfishes, Pufferfishes, Puffers, Toadfishes, Toby Invertebrate fauna - Family Amphibolidae - Supra-littoral Globose "Land" Snails - Family Aphylidae - - Family Asilidae - Robber Flies - Family Barychelidae - Brush-footed Trapdoor Spiders - Family Blissidae - Chinch Bugs - Family Cryptorhamphidae - - Family Ctenizidae - Trapdoor