Asa Gray and Charles Darwin: Corresponding Naturalists
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Aristotle's Essentialism Revisited
University of Missouri, St. Louis IRL @ UMSL Theses Graduate Works 4-15-2013 Accommodating Species Evolution: Aristotle’s Essentialism Revisited Yin Zhang University of Missouri-St. Louis, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Zhang, Yin, "Accommodating Species Evolution: Aristotle’s Essentialism Revisited" (2013). Theses. 192. http://irl.umsl.edu/thesis/192 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Works at IRL @ UMSL. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses by an authorized administrator of IRL @ UMSL. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Accommodating Species Evolution: Aristotle’s Essentialism Revisited by Yin Zhang B.A., Philosophy, Peking University, 2010 A Thesis Submitted to The Graduate School at the University of Missouri – St. Louis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Philosophy May 2013 Advisory Committee Jon D. McGinnis, Ph.D. Chairperson Andrew G. Black, Ph.D. Berit O. Brogaard, Ph.D. Zhang, Yin, UMSL, 2013, p. i PREFACE In the fall of 2008 when I was a junior at Peking University, I attended a lecture series directed by Dr. Melville Y. Stewart on science and religion. Guest lecturers Dr. Alvin Plantinga, Dr. William L. Craig and Dr. Bruce Reichenbach have influenced my thinking on the relation between evolution and faith. In the fall of 2010 when I became a one-year visiting student at Calvin College in Michigan, I took a seminar directed by Dr. Kelly J. Clark on evolution and ethics. Having thought about evolution/faith and evolution/ethics, I signed up for Dr. -
Hay Fever Holiday: Health, Leisure, and Place in Gilded-Age America
600 gregg mitman Hay Fever Holiday: Health, Leisure, and Place in Gilded-Age America GREGG MITMAN summary: By the 1880s hay fever (also called June Cold, Rose Cold, hay asthma, hay cold, or autumnal catarrh) had become the pride of America’s leisure class. In mid-August each year, thousands of sufferers fled to the White Mountains of New Hampshire, to the Adirondacks in upper New York State, to the shores of the Great Lakes, or to the Colorado plateau, hoping to escape the dreaded seasonal symptoms of watery eyes, flowing nose, sneezing fits, and attacks of asthma, which many regarded as the price of urban wealth and education. Through a focus on the White Mountains as America’s most fashionable hay fever resort in the late nineteenth century, this essay explores the embodied local geography of hay fever as a disease. The sufferers found in the White Mountains physical relief, but also a place whose history affirmed their social identity and shaped their relationship to the natural environment. And, they, in turn, became active agents in shaping the geography of place: in the very material relationships of daily life, in the social contours of the region, and in the symbolic space that nature inhabited. In the consumption of nature for health and pleasure, this article suggests, lies an important, yet relatively unexplored, source for understanding changing perceptions of environment and place and the impact of health on the local and regional transformation of the North American landscape. keywords: climatotherapy, hay fever, leisure, nature conservation, tourism, wilderness, place I owe special thanks to Martha V. -
Darwin and Doubt and the Response of the Victorian Churches Churchman 100/4 1986
Darwin and Doubt and the Response of the Victorian Churches Churchman 100/4 1986 Nigel Scotland The Bible and Nineteenth Century Christians Although the Victorian Era was seen as one of the high points in the practice of English Christianity, and although outwardly speaking Church attendance remained at a relatively high level, below the surface many people were beginning to express a variety of doubts about the inspiration of the Bible and about points of Christian doctrine which had been cherished for centuries. These doubts stemmed in the main from two sources: discoveries in Science and the development of Biblical Criticism. The former caused men to question the traditional explanation of world origins and the latter brought doubts regarding the traditional doctrine of the inspiration of scripture. The main root of the problem lay in the Churches’ view of the scriptures. The Church in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century held a view of the scriptures which had been taken over from Greek thought in the early Christian centuries and been further reinforced by the Reformation. They thought of God literally breathing the Scripture into the writers of the Biblical documents. The result of this was that the Bible was held to speak authoritatively on all matters whether they related to man’s relationship to God or to the scientific origins of the Universe. The ordinary Christian man and woman in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries regarded the Judaeo-Christian religion as an Historical religion. It concerned the story of God’s historical acts in relation to his people. -
Interpreting the History of Evolutionary Biology Through a Kuhnian Prism: Sense Or Nonsense?
Interpreting the History of Evolutionary Biology through a Kuhnian Prism: Sense or Nonsense? Koen B. Tanghe Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Belgium Lieven Pauwels Department of Criminology, Criminal Law and Social Law, Universiteit Gent, Belgium Alexis De Tiège Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Belgium Johan Braeckman Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences, Universiteit Gent, Belgium Traditionally, Thomas S. Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) is largely identified with his analysis of the structure of scientific revo- lutions. Here, we contribute to a minority tradition in the Kuhn literature by interpreting the history of evolutionary biology through the prism of the entire historical developmental model of sciences that he elaborates in The Structure. This research not only reveals a certain match between this model and the history of evolutionary biology but, more importantly, also sheds new light on several episodes in that history, and particularly on the publication of Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species (1859), the construction of the modern evolutionary synthesis, the chronic discontent with it, and the latest expression of that discon- tent, called the extended evolutionary synthesis. Lastly, we also explain why this kind of analysis hasn’t been done before. We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive review, as well as the editor Alex Levine. Perspectives on Science 2021, vol. 29, no. 1 © 2021 by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology https://doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00359 1 Downloaded from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/posc_a_00359 by guest on 30 September 2021 2 Evolutionary Biology through a Kuhnian Prism 1. -
Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society, Vol. 56, No. 2 Massachusetts Archaeological Society
Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Journals and Campus Publications Society Fall 1995 Bulletin of the Massachusetts Archaeological Society, Vol. 56, No. 2 Massachusetts Archaeological Society Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/bmas Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Copyright © 1995 Massachusetts Archaeological Society This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. BULLETIN OF THE MASSACHUSETTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY VOLUME 56 (2) FALL 1995 CLAMSHELL BLUFF, CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS: The Concord Shell Heap and Field at Clamshell Bluff: Introduction and History. Shirley Blancke 29 Clamshell Bluff: Artifact Analyses Shirley Blancke 35 Freshwater Bivalves of the Concord Shell Heap . Elinor F. Downs 55 Bone from Concord Shell Heap, Concord, Massachusetts Tonya Baroody Largy 64 Archaeological Turtle Bone Remains from Concord Shell Heap Anders G. J. Rhodin 71 Clamshell Bluff: Summary Notes Shirley Blancke and Elinor F. Downs 83 BriefNote to Contributors 34 Contributors 84 THE MASSACHUSETTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Inc. P.O.Box 700, Middleborough, Massachusetts 02346 MASSACHUSETTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY Officers: Curtiss Hoffman, 58 Hilldale Rd., Ashland MA 01721 .. .. President Betsy McGrath, 9 Oak St., Middleboro MA 02346. ... V.ice President Thomas Doyle, P.O. Box 1708, North Eastham MA 02651 .... Clerk Irma Blinderman, 31 Buckley Rd., Worcester MA 01602 . ........... Treasurer Ruth Warfield, 13 Lee St., Worcester MA 01602 ... Museum Coordinator, Past President Elizabeth A. Little, 37 Conant Rd., Lincoln MA 01773 .... Bulletin Editor Lesley H. Sage, 33 West Rd., 2B, Orleans MA 02653 ..... Corresponding Secretary Trustees (Term expires 1997[*]; 1996 [+]): Kathleen S. -
Selected Bibliography of American History Through Biography
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 088 763 SO 007 145 AUTHOR Fustukjian, Samuel, Comp. TITLE Selected Bibliography of American History through Biography. PUB DATE Aug 71 NOTE 101p.; Represents holdings in the Penfold Library, State University of New York, College at Oswego EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$5.40 DESCRIPTORS *American Culture; *American Studies; Architects; Bibliographies; *Biographies; Business; Education; Lawyers; Literature; Medicine; Military Personnel; Politics; Presidents; Religion; Scientists; Social Work; *United States History ABSTRACT The books included in this bibliography were written by or about notable Americans from the 16th century to the present and were selected from the moldings of the Penfield Library, State University of New York, Oswego, on the basis of the individual's contribution in his field. The division irto subject groups is borrowed from the biographical section of the "Encyclopedia of American History" with the addition of "Presidents" and includes fields in science, social science, arts and humanities, and public life. A person versatile in more than one field is categorized under the field which reflects his greatest achievement. Scientists who were more effective in the diffusion of knowledge than in original and creative work, appear in the tables as "Educators." Each bibliographic entry includes author, title, publisher, place and data of publication, and Library of Congress classification. An index of names and list of selected reference tools containing biographies concludes the bibliography. (JH) U S DEPARTMENT Of NIA1.114, EDUCATIONaWELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OP EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED ExAC ICY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATIONORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTEOF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY PREFACE American History, through biograRhies is a bibliography of books written about 1, notable Americans, found in Penfield Library at S.U.N.Y. -
How a Harvard Doctor's Sordid Murder Launched Modern Forensic Anthropology
How A Harvard Doctor's Sordid Murder Launched Modern Forensic Anthropology Aug 26, 2016 https://www.forbes.com/sites/kristinakillgrove/2016/08/26/how‐a‐harvard‐doctors‐sordid‐murder‐launched‐modern‐forensic‐anthropology/#6e1dd3e9be9f The history of modern forensic anthropology is a bit murky. As an applied science rather than a "pure" one, forensics was shunned for decades, its findings inadmissible in court. But the 19th century murder of a Harvard Medical School doctor launched the field, revolutionized law in the process, and began our longstanding fascination with TV shows like CSI and Bones. The story starts just before Thanksgiving in 1849, when Dr. George Parkman went missing. Parkman was from a wealthy Boston family, an old‐timey Doogie Howser who entered Harvard at age 15. He went to medical school in Scotland, returning after the War of 1812. Parkman donated some land in Boston to Harvard Medical College so that the school could relocate from Cambridge. He was also well‐known for lending money from his considerable fortune and for walking around town to collect on those debts. Left: Dr. George Parkman. Right: Dr. John Webster. Images from: Trial of Professor John W. Webster, for the murder of Doctor George Parkman. Reported exclusively for the N.Y. Daily Globe (1850). Images in the public domain, via NIH National Library of Medicine. A professor of chemistry and geology at Harvard, John White Webster, was one of those debtors. He had been having financial problems, requiring him to give up his family's Cambridge mansion. Webster's salary as a lecturer at Harvard simply didn't cover his grandiose lifestyle. -
Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace
Search | Glossary | Home << previous | next > > Natural Selection: Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace The genius of Darwin (left), the way in which he suddenly turned all of biology upside down in 1859 with the publication of the Origin of Species , can sometimes give the misleading impression that the theory of evolution sprang from his forehead fully formed without any precedent in scientific history. But as earlier chapters in this history have shown, the raw material for Darwin's theory had been known for decades. Geologists and paleontologists had made a compelling case that life had been on Earth for a long time, that it had changed over that time, and that many species had become extinct. At the same time, embryologists and other naturalists studying living animals in the early 1800s had discovered, sometimes unwittingly, much of the A visit to the Galapagos Islands in 1835 helped Darwin best evidence for Darwin's formulate his ideas on natural selection. He found theory. several species of finch adapted to different environmental niches. The finches also differed in beak shape, food source, and how food was captured. Pre-Darwinian ideas about evolution It was Darwin's genius both to show how all this evidence favored the evolution of species from a common ancestor and to offer a plausible mechanism by which life might evolve. Lamarck and others had promoted evolutionary theories, but in order to explain just how life changed, they depended on speculation. Typically, they claimed that evolution was guided by some long-term trend. Lamarck, for example, thought that life strove over time to rise from simple single-celled forms to complex ones. -
The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886
The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886 Sascha Nolden, Simon Nathan & Esme Mildenhall Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H November 2013 Published by the Geoscience Society of New Zealand Inc, 2013 Information on the Society and its publications is given at www.gsnz.org.nz © Copyright Simon Nathan & Sascha Nolden, 2013 Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H ISBN 978-1-877480-29-4 ISSN 2230-4495 (Online) ISSN 2230-4487 (Print) We gratefully acknowledge financial assistance from the Brian Mason Scientific and Technical Trust which has provided financial support for this project. This document is available as a PDF file that can be downloaded from the Geoscience Society website at: http://www.gsnz.org.nz/information/misc-series-i-49.html Bibliographic Reference Nolden, S.; Nathan, S.; Mildenhall, E. 2013: The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886. Geoscience Society of New Zealand miscellaneous publication 133H. 219 pages. The Correspondence of Julius Haast and Joseph Dalton Hooker, 1861-1886 CONTENTS Introduction 3 The Sumner Cave controversy Sources of the Haast-Hooker correspondence Transcription and presentation of the letters Acknowledgements References Calendar of Letters 8 Transcriptions of the Haast-Hooker letters 12 Appendix 1: Undated letter (fragment), ca 1867 208 Appendix 2: Obituary for Sir Julius von Haast 209 Appendix 3: Biographical register of names mentioned in the correspondence 213 Figures Figure 1: Photographs -
Doing the Lambeth Walk
DOING THE LAMBETH WALK The request We, the Bishops, Clergy and Laity of the Province of Canada, in Triennial Synod assembled, desire to represent to your Grace, that in consequence of the recent decisions of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the well-known case respecting the Essays and Reviews, and also in the case of the Bishop of Natal and the Bishop of Cape Town, the minds of many members of the church have been unsettled or painfully alarmed; and that doctrines hitherto believed to be scriptural, undoubtedly held by the members of the Church of England and Ireland, have been adjudicated upon by the Privy Council in such a way as to lead thousands of our brethren to conclude that, according to this decision, it is quite compatible with membership in the Church of England to discredit the historical facts of Holy Scripture, and to disbelieve the eternity of future punishment1 So began the 1865 letter from the Canadians to Charles Thomas Longley, Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of All England. The letter concluded In order, therefore, to comfort the souls of the faithful, and reassure the minds of wavering members of the church, … we humbly entreat your Grace, …to convene a national synod of the bishops of the Anglican Church at home and abroad, who, attended by one or more of their presbyters or laymen, learned in ecclesiastical law, as their advisers, may meet together, and, under the guidance of the Holy Ghost, take such counsel and adopt such measures as may be best fitted to provide for the present distress in such synod, presided over by your Grace. -
Benjamin Jowett (1817-1893)
Centre for Idealism and the New Liberalism Working Paper Series: Number 4 Bibliography of Benjamin Jowett (1817-1893) (2018 version) Compiled by Professor Colin Tyler Centre for Idealism and the New Liberalism University of Hull Every Working Paper is peer reviewed prior to acceptance. Authors & compilers retain copyright in their own Working Papers. For further information on the Centre for Idealism and the New Liberalism, and its activities, visit our website: http://www.hull.ac.uk/pas/ Or, contact the Centre Directors Colin Tyler: [email protected] James Connelly [email protected] Centre for Idealism and the New Liberalism School of Law and Politics University of Hull, Cottingham Road Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 I. Writings 4 II. Reviews and obituaries 6 III. Other discussions 13 IV. Newspaper reports regarding Benjamin Jowett 18 V. Jowett papers 19 2 Acknowledgments for the 2017 version Once again, I am pleased to thank scholars who sent in references, and hope they will not mind my not mentioning them individually. All future references will be received with thanks. Professor Colin Tyler University of Hull December 2017 Acknowledgments for original, 2004 version The work on this bibliography was supported by a Resource Enhancement Award (B/RE/AN3141/APN17357) from the Arts and Humanities Research Board. ‘The Arts and Humanities Research Board (AHRB) funds postgraduate and advanced research within the UK’s higher education institutions and provides funding for museums, galleries and collections that are based in, or attached to, HEIs within England. The AHRB supports research within a huge subject domain - from ‘traditional’ humanities subjects, such as history, modern languages and English literature, to music and the creative and performing arts.’ I have also profited enormously from having access to the Brynmor Jones Library at the University of Hull, a resource which benefits from an excellent stock of written and electronic sources, as well as extremely helpful and friendly librarians. -
List of Honorary Fellows
LIST OF HONORARY FELLOWS. 847 LIST OF HONORARY FELLOWS .110 AT MARCH 1897. His Royal Highness The PRINCE OF WALES. FOREIGNERS (LIMITED TO THIRTY-SIX BY LAW X.). Elected. 495 1897 Alexander Agassiz, Cambridge (Mass.). 1897 E.-H. Amagat, Paris. 1889 Marcellin Pierre Eugene Berthelot, Paris. 1895 Ludwig Boltzmann, Vienna. 1864 Rohert Wilhelm Bunsen, Heidelberg. 1897 Stanislao Cannizzaro, Rome, 1883 Luigi Cremona, Rome. 1877 Carl Gegenbaur, Heidelberg, 1888 Ernst Haeckel, Jena. 1883 Julius Hann, Vienna. 1884 Charles Hermite, Paris. 1879 Jules Janssen, Paris, 1864 Alhert von Kblliker, Wilrzhurg. 1864 Rudolph Leuckart, Leipzig, 1897 Gabriel Lippmann, Paris. 1895 fileuthere-6lie-Nicolas Mascart, Paris. 1888 Demetrius Ivanovich Mendel6ef, St Petersburg. 1895 Carl Menger, Vienna. 1886 Alphonse Milne-Edwards Paris. 1864 Theodore Mommsen, Berlin. 1897 Fridtjof Nansen, Christiania. 1881 Simon Newcomb, Washington. 1895 Max von Pettenkofer, Munich. 1895 Jules Henri Poincare, Paris. 1889 Georg Hermann Quincke, Heidelberg. 1886 Alphonse Renard, Ghent. 1897 Ferdinand von Ricbthofen, Berlin. 1897 Henry A. Rowland, Baltimore. 1897 Giovanni V. Schiaparelli, Milan, 1881 Johannes Iapetus Smith Steenstrup, Copenhagen. 1878 Otto Wilhelm Strove, St Petersburg. 1886 Tobias Robert Thaten, Upsala. 1874 Otto Torell, Lund. 1868 Rudolph Yirchow, Berlin. 1892 Gustav Wiedemann, Leipzig. 1897 Ferdinand Zirkel, Leipzig. Total, 36. 848 LIST OF HONORARY FELLOWS. BRITISH SUBJECTS (LIMITED TO TWENTY BY LAW x.). Elected. 1889 Sir Robert Stawell Ball, Kt., LL.D., F.R.S., M.R.I. A., Lowndean, Professor of Astronomy in the University of Cambridge, Cambridge 1897 The Very Rev. John Caird, D.D., LL.D., Principal of the Uni- versity of Glasgow, Glasgow. 1892 Colonel Alexander Ross Clarke, C.B., R.E., F.R.S., Redhill, Surrey 1897 George Howard Darwin, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., Plumian Professor of Astronomy in the University of Cambridge, Cambridge.