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PLANTAS MEDICINAIS: Um Perfil Etnofarmacológico PLANTAS MEDICINAIS: um perfil etnofarmacológico Francisco Angelo Gurgel da Rocha PLANTAS MEDICINAIS Um Perfil Etnofarmacológico 1 Presidente da República Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Ministro da Educação Fernando Haddad Secretaria de Educação Profissional Tecnológica Eliezer Moreira Pacheco Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) Reitor Belchior de Oliveira Rocha Diretor do Campos de Currais Novos Rady Dias de Medeiros Pró-Reitor de Pesquisa e Inovação José Yvan Pereira Leite Coordenador da Editora do IFRN Samir Cristino de Souza Conselho Editorial Samir Cristino de Souza (Presidente) André Luiz Calado de Araújo Dante Henrique Moura Jerônimo Pereira dos Santos José Yvan Pereira Leite Valdenildo Pedro da Silva 2 Francisco Ângelo Gurgel da Rocha PLANTAS MEDICINAIS Um Perfil Etnofarmacológico 2009 3 Plantas Medicinais: Um Perfil Etnofarmacológico © Copyright 2009 da Editora do IFRN Todos os direitos reservados Nenhuma parte dessa publicação poderá ser reproduzida ou transmitida de qualquer modo ou por qualquer outro meio, eletrônico ou mecânico, incluindo fotocópia, gravação ou qualquer tipo de sistema de armazenamento e transmissão de informação, sem prévia autorização, por escrito, da Editora do IFRN. Divisão de Serviços Técnicos. Catalogação da publicação na fonte. Biblioteca Sebastião Fernandes (BSF) – IFRN Rocha, Francisco Ângelo Gurgel da Plantas Medicinais: um perfil etnofarmacológico / Francisco Ângelo Gurgel da Rocha. – Natal: Editora do IFRN, 2009. 249 p. ISBN 978-85-89571-69-2 1. Plantas Medicinais – taxonomia. 2. Plantas Medicinais – dados etnobotânicos. 3. Plantas Medicinais – farmacologia. I. Título. CDU 663 .88 IFRN/BSF EDITORAÇÃO Samir Cristino de Souza DIAGRAMAÇÃO Tuyanne Taynnar Queiroz de Medeiros CAPA José Nivaldo Fonsêca Júnior Tuyanne Taynnar Queiroz de Medeiros CONTATOS Editora do IFRN Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1559, CEP: 59015-000 Natal-RN. Fone: (84)4005-2668/ 3215-2733 Email: [email protected] 4 À minha mãe, Dione Gurgel (in memoriam), por ter feito de sua vida o grande exemplo que moldou a minha. 5 SUMÁRIO Apresentação........................................................................... 09 1 Alecrim................................................................................. 11 2 Alfazema verdadeira............................................................ 17 3 Alfazema brava.................................................................... 21 4 Alho...................................................................................... 23 5 Ameixa................................................................................. 31 6 Angico.................................................................................. 33 7 Anis estrelado...................................................................... 37 8 Aroeira................................................................................. 41 9 Babosa................................................................................. 45 10 Batata-de-purga.................................................................. 51 11 Boldo................................................................................... 53 12 Bom nome........................................................................... 57 13 Cabacinha........................................................................... 59 14 Cabeça de negro................................................................ 61 15 Cajueiro/Cajú...................................................................... 63 16 Camomila............................................................................ 69 17 Canela................................................................................. 73 18 Canela-do-mato.................................................................. 79 19 Capim santo........................................................................ 81 20 Carqueja............................................................................. 85 21 Cavalinha............................................................................ 89 22 Chá preto............................................................................ 93 23 Cumaru............................................................................... 105 24 Embiratanha........................................................................ 109 25 Embiriba.............................................................................. 111 26 Endro.................................................................................. 115 27 Erva cidreira (1).................................................................. 119 28 Erva cidreira (2).................................................................. 123 29 Erva doce............................................................................ 125 30 Erva mate............................................................................ 129 31 Espinheira santa................................................................. 133 32 Eucalipto............................................................................. 135 7 33 Gengibre............................................................................. 139 34 Gergelim............................................................................. 147 35 Girassol............................................................................... 151 36 Ipecacuanha....................................................................... 159 37 Jatobá................................................................................. 165 38 Jucá.................................................................................... 169 39 Linhaça.............................................................................. 171 40 Macela............................................................................... 177 41 Mastruço............................................................................ 179 42 Mororó................................................................................ 183 43 Mostarda............................................................................ 185 44 Mulungú............................................................................. 191 45 Noz moscada..................................................................... 195 46 Pau d’arco.......................................................................... 199 47 Quebra pedra..................................................................... 203 48 Quixabeira.......................................................................... 207 49 Sabugueiro......................................................................... 209 50 Sena................................................................................... 213 51 Tanchagem........................................................................ 217 52 Urtiga branca..................................................................... 221 53 Urucum.............................................................................. 223 Referências.............................................................................. 226 8 Apresentação Nas últimas décadas, muitos dos recursos presentes nos sistemas de Medicina Tradicional têm sido objeto de pesquisa e validação científica. Isto se torna especialmente importante no que toca à Fitoterapia. Atualmente, estão disponíveis, na bibliografia especializada, diversos trabalhos com abordagem sistemática, etnobotânica e farmacológica de muitas das espécies consumidas pela população do Nordeste brasileiro. Contudo, em geral, tais informações se encontram dispersas em artigos ou livros diversos, dificultando a sua síntese e compreensão. O presente livro destina-se a ser um manual de consulta para pesquisadores e interessados no assunto. Fruto de extenso levantamento bibliográfico, condensa informações de cunho popular e científico acerca de 53 plantas medicinais comercializadas no município de Mossoró, RN. As informações foram agrupadas por espécie, formando perfis individuais nos quais estão disponíveis: dados taxonômicos, etnobotânicos e farmacológicos. Dentre estes últimos, é dada especial atenção aos fitoquímicos com ação biológica comprovada, presentes nas espécies descritas, bem como à toxicidade, efeitos colaterais, interações medicamentosas e contra-indicações potenciais relatadas. 9 10 1 ALECRIM De origem Européia, é cultivada em todo o mundo (MATOS, 1998). Além da aplicação médica e culinária, é utilizado na fabricação de cosméticos e perfumaria (CRUZ, 1964) a) Dados Botânicos a.1 Classificação: Reino: Plantae Sub-Reino: Tracheobionta Divisão: Magnoliophyta Classe: Magnoliopsida Sub-classe: Asteridae Ordem: Lamiales Família: Lamiaceae Gênero: Rosmarinus Espécie: Rosmarinus officinalis. Sinônimos: Rosmarinus hortensis (CRUZ, 1964). a.2 Número Serial Taxonômico (TSN): 32677 (ITIS REPORT, 2002). a.3 Nomes populares: alecrim, alecrim verdadeiro, alecrim-do- sul (MATOS, 1998), alecrim de jardim, alecrim da horta , Flor do Olimpo, rosa marinha, rosmarinho, erva coroada (CRUZ, 1964). a.4 Descrição: sub-arbusto lenhoso, atingindo 1 m de altura, pouco ramificado (MATOS, 1998). Os caules jovens com secção quadrangular, os mais velhos com seção circular irregular. Folhas oposto-cruzadas, lineares. Flores azuis com manchas violáceas reunidas em inflorescências axilares. Flores e folhas intensamente aromáticas. b) Dados Etnobotânicos b.1 Ações e/ou utilização populares: estimulante estomacal, combate aos gases intestinais e as cólicas (carminativo), antiséptico e sudorífico. Combate a
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