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A PMRAt:SBOOI( 0' TMS I(IJA LAN8UA8S

Compiler: Joseph Blythe

Kijo contributors: poris Fletcher, Lulu Trancollino, Ben Duncan, Henry Achoo, Mavis Wallaby, Mary Thomas, Eileen Bray, Rosie Malgil, Pilot Henry. Tiger Henry, Loma Thomas, Phyllis Thomas.

This phrasebook is accompanied by a series of cassettes. I

KIMBERLEY LANGUAGE RESOURCE CENTRE I I This book is published by the Kimberley Language Resource Centre, an Aboriginal organisation that supports groups who are working to maintain their indigenous languages, and undertakes projects at their request.

Proceeds from the sale of this book go towards maintenance of Aboriginal languages in the Kimberley.

ISBN: 1 875167358

- Design and layout: Jane Lodge Funded by: Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Commission Language Access Initiative Program (Stolen Generation Funding) Cover painting: Felicity Smith Other artwork by: Felicity Smith. Rosie Malgil. Thelma Thomas. Doris Fletcher. Loma Thomas. Henry Achoo. Lulu Trancollino. Kija on tapes spoken by: Doris Aetcher. Lulu Trancollino. Benny Duncan. Loma Thomas. Henry Achoo. English on tapes spoken by: Lexie Trancollino-Councillor. Ethel McLennon. Jane Morris. Henry Achoo. Kenneth Martin. Perrema yuwurrlyangem menkawum m/rllm/rllm Kljampurru pinarrikklrrem. Perrem menkawum kajetpu rangkakirrem rangka plmperrikpu jarrakpu yamperramurlunya pakarrjlya Kljam yuwurrlyangem. Lulu Trancollino Kija Executive Member Kimberley Language Resource Centre

It is good to have our book about Kija to help people learn it. The cassettes too are good because they will be able to listen to the words. We're keeping our language, Kija, really strong. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank the following Kija people who have helped with this project: Doris Fletcher. Lulu Trancollino. Ben Duncan. Mavis Wallaby. Mary Thomas. Eileen Bray. Rosie Malgil. Pilot Henry. Tiger Henry. Michelle Martin. Henry Achoo. Lorna Thomas. Phyllis Thomas. Felicity Smith and Theresa Polkinghorne. Lexie Trancollino-Councillor. Ethel McLennon. Jane Morris. Henry Achoo and Kenneth Martin.

I am grateful to Frances Kofod for sharing with me her knowledge and many years of experience in Kija; also to Joyce Hudson and Pat Lowe for checking drafts and for encouragement. Jirrayam. Joseph Blythe Linguist :I :I :I. :I iSYfEityp1eosed to put out our new publication. Yuwurriyangem Kijam. It is a lovely bOPkqn(:ilmfnlQUKijapeople will be proud when they see their language written down for fOR E W 0 R D • the tapes. Listening to the language will fake them back to the anafnev'lI know who they are. The pictures will help them pinpoint some of

th~l

!6fOfWQrn..h~gQnfEi into producing this collection of Kija words and phrases. which is the ,'d like to thank linguist Joe Blythe and all those Kija people who shared ~~with him and helped record the phrases. as well as those who drew the

the support of the Wunan ATSIC Regional Council for their this Pfoiect and the National ATSIC Stolen Generation Funding Program

Bonnie Deegan Chairperson Kimberley Language Resource Centre The Kimberley region has an unusual distribution of Australian Aboriginal languages.

All Aboriginal languages can be classified as either Pama-Nyungan or non-Pama-Nyungan. The Pama-Nyungan group covers nine-tenths of the continent-all languages in this group can be shown to be related. The non-Pama-Nyungan group exists in a relatively small area in northern Australia and is made up of some twenty distinct language families. E F A E c In the Kimberley area alone there are four separate families, each made up of several languages. Kija is a non-Pama-Nyungan language and belongs to the JawaKan family.

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~ WoriIi ",,1" MlI1IIln

.lluftllbl! :" FI'IZRO'{ • _._ •••&>. HALLS "~.. Ill! CREEl( lIIflYADANGA ~ ~ ~'" GcOIIlyamll ~ ~ ~ ...... -...... t ...... JBiU. \~'" f WMmsfm'rl , '. ~ ...... " : \, b/ ~mmIII \l9cMllllllilllllGU ...... ;., Kimberley languages are shown where -rIji , mJU.1I tII' , @ IW.GO they were traditionally spoken. Since non-Aboriginal people camEt to the ...l '1>:\" area there has been considerable ,,## , change. The arrows indicate the I'!gaRIl , general trend of movement, WIIngl!iJtIIllP' . KuI1RiIji! (Extracted from the KIMBERLEY REGION Kimberley Language Resource Centre's poster OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA Traditional Locations of Aboriginal Languages), XXtQtdlUtt ...... w ... )}J.5!!J!.H rr f!?.}yrrr .... 11 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, , , , , , , , , , , .• , .. IV ;; FOREWORD V PREFACE. VI INTRODUCTION ...... , .•... , , , . 1 KIJA SPELLING, • , •• , , 3 ABBREVIATIONS , , .....•....• , , '1 TABLE Of CONTENTS 1 MEETING PEOPLE. , . , , • , , • , , . , , , , , , , 15 GREETINGS ...... •..... 8 HEADING OFF ...... 10 INTRODUCTIONS ...... •...... 10 LANGUAGE & IDENTITY ...... •...... 14

2 FOOD. , .• , , , , 16 3 SICKNESS & HEALTH • 18 MEDICINE •...... •...... 21 BUSH MEDICINE ...... •...... •...... 21

4 KIJA & OTHER LANGUAGES .... , , , , 22 LEARNING KIJA FROM A KIJA SPEAKER ...... •...... •. 22 LISTENING & UNDERSTANDING ...... •..•.....• 23 LEARNING. TEACHING. KNOWING & THINKING •...... 24 MEANING •....•...... •...... •..... 24

s THE PARTY, 25

6 V£HICL£S. 215

'1 LOVE 31

g CHILDRSN"""" .• " .. , •• , 35 BEING PREGNANT ...... •...... 35 HAVING A BABY ...... •...... 35 SOME TERMS FOR SMALL CHILDREN ...... 36 BEING BORN ..•...... •.•.••...... •...... •. 36 THE NEWBORN BABY ....•.....•...... •...... • 37 GETTING BIGGER .....•...•...... •.....•..•...... 37 WHO DOES THE BABY LOOK LIKE? .•...... •..•...... •..•. 38 TALKING ABOUT AGE ...... 38 OTHER USEFUL THINGS TO SAY ..•...... •..•...... •.•..•.•.. 39

9 JSALOUSING,FUHITING &- HUMBUG' •••••••• , , , • , • , • , 40 HUMBUG .•...•..•.•.•.....••...•....•....•..•..•...•••....••. 40 JEALOUSING ...•...... •....••.....•...... •..••...•...•..•.. 41 RGHTING ...... •..•...•..•.•....••.•••..•. '" .•...... •. 42 INSULTS ..•...... •..••..••....•.••...... •.•....•.•...•..•. 42

10 DEATHS & FUNSRALS . 43 11 MONEY, .••. , , . 4S

~ow KIJA PUTS WORDS TOGSTH£R • 41 MASCULINE, FEMININE, NEUTER & PLURAL. ••.•....•....•.••...••••... 47 NEUTER & PLURAL .•.•..••.•...•..••...... •..•..•...... ••....•.• 51 SOMEEASY SENTENCES ...... 52 VERBS .•••...... ••....•..••...•....•....•••.••..•.....••..... 55 FAST SPEECH FORMS OF COMPLEX VERBS ..•...... •....••...•..... 59 MAKING QUESTIONS ...... 60

SlBtIOGRAPHY , , , , • 61 TABLS OF KIN TERMS , , . 62 WORD LIST. , 64 FIND£R LIST , .• , , . , • , SS == :.I :I 1the early 20th century as Aboriginal people became employed in the pastoral industry they began to congregate around cattle station homesteads. Their employment on stations gave ~O~U~ftON :I rise to new languages (Cattle Station Pidgin and the later Kimberley KrioD. The rise of these new ;I languages. intermarriage between different tribal groups. the practice of removing children from their parents and then forbidding them to speak their traditional languages. led to a weakening of those languages and the strengthening of Kriol. However. many Kija people lived and • worked on stations within the Kija speaking area and during the wet season many returned to ::I a more traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle. This meant that Kija fared better than some neigh- bouring languages and today still has a few hundred speakers. The sale of the government sta- • tion Moola Bulla in 1955 and the equal pay legislation of 1968 resulted in thousands of Kimberley • Aboriginal people leaving the stations and moving to centres such as Fitzroy Crossing. Halls 11 Creek. Turkey Creek and Kununurra. This movement further contributed to the weakening of Kimberley languages. Today most Kija speakers live in Halls Creek and Warmunt (Turkey Creek) :11 and the communities of Frog Hollow. Quartz Flow. Violet Valley. Bow River. Tablelands. Iminji. 11 Crocodile Hole and Chinaman's Gardens. Most of these places are on or close to traditional • Kija country. Today. Kija is an endangered language spoken in East Kimberley in Western Australia. Uke most • Kimberley languages it is not actively spoken by children. The majority of Kija speakers are elder • ly or middle aged. Most young Kija adults and children speak Kriol as their first language as well as varieties of Aboriginal English. They may use quite a number of Kija words in their Kriol and === English. giving these languages a Kija flavour. ::;; The Kimberley Language Resource Centre has received all sorts of requests for assistance to ~ help keep the language strong. These requests have come from several sources: Kija elders "A concerned about the loss of their language. descendants of the stolen generation seeking to reclaim their traditional language. parents who want their children to know their (great)-grand r'1' ~~..;I, parents' language. health workers and language workers as well as professionals and researchers working in the Kija area.. This list includes quite a range of people with different \J

t SpelledWarrmarn according to the Kifa orthography. A PHRASSBOOK OF THS KIJA 1.""''''''4.''''''''' needs and different educational backgrounds. What they all have in common is the desire to be able to converse in the language.

Due to the particular linguistic situation and the differing needs of the would-be Kija learn ers, this phrase book had to be different from those for mainstream languages. It is not tar geting the backpacker, nor the tourist who needs assistance decoding the menu. It is first and foremost an aid to lat:lguage maintenance. Because at present the majority .of school programmes in Kija are aural. there are very few people able to read and write Kija. For this reason. rather than follow each phrase (as many phrasebooks do) with a confusing approx imation of how it should be pronounced. it was decided to make an audio recording of all of the phrases to accompany the book. Thus. the audio cassettes. in addition to being a guide to pronunciation. can assist fhe learner with reading Kija.

The package is intended to equip the learner with some vocabulary to deal with everyday life in the Kija region, to deal with practical problems and to talk about some of the things that Kija people talk about. All of the phrases were provided by Kija speakers and approved by them for inclusion in the book.

Being of a practical nature, the phrases themselves should allow the student to plunge straight into using the language. After a while. questions may arise as to why you can say this and why you can't say that so a section with grammatical information has been includ ed. This section has been worded as simply as possible. so don't be frightened off. It is not f'f;< f ;, meant to be the last word on Kija grammar. If you can't find the answers you are looking for j v t there is a number of other resources for Kija available through the Kimberley language ( \. Resource Centre. This package will complement those resources rather than replace them. So take the plunge! Kija speakers are very proud of their language and will usually be ..~1, happy to help you learn. Remember that this package is only an aid to learning the lan [ i'% (" guage. Kija speakers are the ones who know the language and can teach you; they should '"""'/'\~, I\,! x % <"1't-~ ~, 11 be your main language resource. r -..::" p-••4 'l, I /( ,.f'. \.J

YUWURRIYANGGM ICIJAM le system of spelling Kija words was developed by linguist Patrick McConvell in 1984 for ~RJA the Ngalangangpum School in Warmun (Turkey Creek). The spelling system uses 24 different ~IF>$~~RN~ letters or letter combinations (digraphs). They are: a. aa. e. i. j. k. I. Iy. m. n. ng. I1h. ny. p. 1'. ri .. m. fr. rt. t. th. u. w. y

. . There are quite a few sounds in Kija that you do not find in English so the Kija writing system has been adapted to cope with these sounds. That means that the letters often don't have the same sounds as they do in English. Here is a list of all the letters in Kija and the sounds I they make. ; a sounds like the u in the English word cut. It is found in the Kija word mangon (to !liS VOWSL~ I wave). ; aa sounds like the a in the English word father. It is found in the Kija word jaam (belly). I e sounds like the er in the English word father. It is found in the Kija word tek (Jook at, ; see). sometimes sounds like the I in the English word hit and sometimes sounds like the ea I in feet. It is found in the Kija word pinarri (knowing, knowledgable).

I u sounds like the 00 in the English word foot. It is found in the Kija word tulpum (heart). I I j . sounds like the j in the English word jump. It is found in the Kija word jaam (belly). At !SS COHSeHltH!S ; the end of a word it often sounds more like the ch in the English word much. This· I sound can be heard in the Kija word woj (give). I k sometimes sounds like the 9 in the English word go. It can be heard in the name of the language Kija. Sometimes it sounds like the k in the English word skite. This sound

I> can be heard in the Kija wordpinarrlk (teach).

!!!ill!! A PIlAASSBOOI< OF TIIS l

d$OOhdslikethe I'd or the rt when an American English speaker says card or cart. It is ~9l..1ngdrrthe Kija word kartakpu (cup, pannikin, billycan).

$Q~tirnes sounds like the cl in the English word dog. Sometimes it sounds like the f stun. It is found in the Kij~ word taparuny (pelican).

J~~lS:nosound like this in English. However it is similar to the th in that. Put the tip Y99ftgngue behind your top front teeth and make a t sound. This sound is found ttijl

~~lIl(e the 'IN in the English word Wednesday. It is found in the Kija word gfl(brHbe tired, be lazy).

~M(;Islike the y in the English word yellow. It is found in the Kija word yakum (tell

fS!/ll~pelling conventions to be aware of. Firstly, a 'IN that occurs at the begin ~PSLLtN. !::Jut before a u is often silent as in the word wumperfoma (they said m.ln Kija eONVSN!IONS with a vowel so a Vi is put at the front even if it can't be heard at the beginning of a word but before an i is often silent, as • ••• 11 hrAlnnn vowel sounds. This is how they are written: = ea in the English word easily. It is found in the Kija word j/yillny :;;= '\Q$JIf<'~fhe 00 in the English word pool. It is found in the Kija word minyjuwum a

~.. •~ A PllAASSBOOl< OF TIIS KIJA LANGUAG.S There are also combinations of sounds that need to be distinguished from the ng sound (see above). You hear these sound combinations in English too but the English spelling is confusing. When writing Kija these sounds are spelt differently to make it clear.

og is q single sound like the ng in the English word singer. It can be heard in the Kija word kungulum. ngk is a combination of ng and k and sounds like the ng in the English word finger. It can. Of:' heard in the Kija word warangkon (fast).

ok is a combination of nand k.lt sounds like the ng in the English word engorge. It can be heard in the Kija word pinkllfpClI (push turkey).

Most Kija words are stressed on the first syllable.

4$ tt it .::~~ ,~ ,~ ..Ji./

YUWURRIYANGS~ I

A PHRASSBOOK OF THS KIJA 'e way Aboriginal people in the East Kimberley greet each other may seem strange to ."•• TIN.S people who are new to the area. If you aren't used to it, it can sound as if people are being quite rude to each other. This is not the case. Traditionally Kija people didn't say Hello. One of the most common Aboriginal English greetings is What now? This really means something like: What's happening? or What are you doing? or What have you got for me? The stan dard answer to this question is Nothing. Not surprisingly, greetings in Kija may be quite simi lar to these Aboriginal English ones. These expressions are often accompanied by hand ges tures.

f:lU.S'ftON ANSW.R Kapuwa? . , • , " " , , ...... " . , ..... , , .. , .... ,Nguwangaman, What is happening? ...... Nothing. Kamlnya? , ..... , ...... , ...... , .... , .Nguwangarnannga, What now? ...... I've got nothing. What have you got? ::I :I Nyungkayanmangu? t ...... Wentha. jirrayanngal Jirrayanmangu? ...... Yeah, I'm alright! ::I Are you OK? ::a Karrunyo, nyungkoyanmongu? ...... Warrernpenngake. What now, are you alright? ...... I'm sick.

== Yilkuwurrunngoke. cm I feel lousy.

...... " . .. Jaam menkowuwurrunngake, I'm feeling sad. == (lit: I don't feel good in the belly, :I The Kija language expresses emotion and well-being in terms of how people feel in the 11 stomach (jaam). If you are happy you feel good in the stomach. If you are sad. anxious or upset you have a bad feeling in the stomach. Likewise. if you like something. it makes you == feel good in the stomach. == == 11 Anothel'common wo,y of greeting people is to ask where someone is going or where they == ANSWSR ~.!tijlt(l? ...... '...... ,, .... ,. , .... Ngeneka ngenanke. • 0l~~ateyou going? ...... I'm staying here . • KRlmjjifa? ...... , , ...... Pirlwu ngenarike taankill pakuklrrem. == Wi'!Haje)yoUgoing? ...... I'm going home to lie down. == Ki~~Y~tKWYinha? ...... , ....Ngulungulun kerlim:mg ngenayin Puruwumpiny. a Wb;~al'dYo(Jcomefrom? ...... Yesterday I came from the west, from Broome. == :;; t Where there are two ways of saying the same thing. both are given. ;I ~irfayam. 0" NyungkClyam. Seeyou.

i\I1~ff:a. ng~nartke, .nyungkcyam pemenha, Kara1ek tlmpimnhangu. rm going, take it eopJ!. I'll see you later.

KerQkt~k .timpimnhangu ngulungu)un. I'll see you later in the q{temQOn.

IH'ltOPVeTIOHS When people are introduced. or when they introduce themselves, they usually start with their skin (subsection) names. It is important for people to know each other's skin-names in order to know how to relate. ~f you are introduced you will often·be told people's skin names and how you are to relate to them. There are eight skins; each has Cl masculine and femi nine name. Some skins have more than one name.

KA.'CUWNS p~ln Jungurra ...... Naminyji Jangala ...... Nangala Jampin ...... Nompin Jakarra ...... Nakarra Jaangan ...... Naangori Jawalyi ...... Nyaajarri Jawon/Jawanji/Jonama ...... Nyawona Juwurru/Julama ...... Nyawurru

The above forms are the ones you would use when you are speaking directly to someone. When you are speaking about someone the skin names usually have the forms given below:

':YUWURRIYANGSM I

~.'" ~ * Kayimilinya kurakul'any nginiyin? Ngeleli fhamanyilngake nyakanypnuwa, nyakanyjinuwa Where does that old man come from? thamanyll ngele!. Kayimilila nyamanelt nycmiyinya? She's my cousin from my mother's side, from my mother's brother. Where does that elderly woman come from? I\Igelel thamanyil ngapuwalungkal kawangelngiya. Kayimilimangu naniyinha? She's my cousin from my father's side, from my aunt. Where do you come from? Janya ngakenyji ningkuwuny. Ngurrungamannga ngirripawurrunnga. Tanya ningkiwinyngake. I'm from a long way away. He's my relation/countryman. PuyummgmlUnnga. Ngelel ngakenyel ningkuwul. I come from the North. Ngelel ningkiwilngake. She's my relation/countryman. Kel1irrangmilinnga. I come from the west. Nyinganti nlngkuwunngungake. You're my relation/countryman. Nyingan kangkakanhangu. Ngayin nyawanannga, nylnganti Jungul'ranngu kangkakanha. Tanyi nyuwwngamany lampungamany. You are my kangka.1 am Nyawana and you are Jungurra so you He's from the south, from Lamboo. are my kangka. Tanyl taawany taampurru. Kapa nginpimningki1 He is a traditional owner. What do I have to call you? Ngelel taawal perrempurru. Kar/i, nimpimngim. She is a traditional owner for this place. You have to call me karlL Yakenginy kamaliwany, nguwan ngarra nemenke. Kangkayl. nimpimngirrl. That other bloke is a stranger; I don't know him. You have to call me kangkayi. Ngaylnti Tarrkikrikwangkunngake. l\Iylngangkurriny nyakanykurriny tanyi, nhowun nguwlmningld I'm from Turkey Creek. karll. Ngenawarike mulapulun nawarrow ngenaylnte tarrkikrikjln. He's your uncle, he has to call you karli. I was born in Moola Bulla but I grew up in Turkey Creek. Kangkayi, parringirrijju nengkei'rapen. You two have to call each other kangkayi.

YUWURRIYANGSM KIJAM t Cultural Note: The word for elderly woman. nyamanel is a/so used to refer to a white woman. a If someone doesn't tell you what their skin group is you may need to ask them. 11 11

•~

•=I :I People usually use a skin name or a relationship term in preference to using each other's :;; own names as a means of address. Personal names, particularly blackfella names* or bush ::; names are not to be used lightly. It may even be considered offensive to ask someone their :.; name directly. It is often safer to ask through a third person. ..~ =I tI :;;

:;•

•11

A P\!!lASEBOOIt OF '!'\!S J(tJA LANIH1Ati1g: *Traditional names in an Aboriginai language. t Name that comes from English. ~J~.~UA~~ MtRtY

In the east Kimberley, Aboriginal people often describe themselves by the languages they speak. The phrase Nhawunti Kljapany. He's Kija, really means that he knows and controls the Kija language. Kija speakers from one area often comment on how the speech of Kija speakers from another region is different from their own. Linguists call the different regional varieties of a language dialects. Sometimes Aboriginal people have names for the different dialects and sometimes they don't. Sometimes the name for 0 dialect might only be used by speakers of a different dialect. These days I.ungka and Kuluwarrong are the two main dialects of Kijo. Lungka refers to the variety of Kija spoken around Halls Creek, and to the people who speak it. It is often referred to as Halls Creek Kija. Kuluwarrang, which has also been referred to as Jarrak, is spoken around Turkey Creek and is often referred to as Turkey Creek Kija. Many Kija people will not actually use these names but they will express the dif ferences as heavy and light. It is hard to say what exactly people mean by these terms. However. when someone claims to speak heavy Kija and they say that someone else speaks light Kija, there is no doubt they mean the other person's speech is in some way dif ferent from their own.

Nyawai1ai jalTck Jsme Kijam. Nhawui1ii Kijapany, Nyawana speaks Kija. He's a Kija man. He speaks Kija. ~ k Ai Ngurriny jarrak kerns Kijam, He speaks Kija.

YUWURR.IYANGIl)ll KIJAM • Ng~Kilapal. ::; .,.,.".",.,."""""""""""""",."""""""""""""""""'''''''''''''''''''t}' Ngeneka jorrokkol'fi yarru~~pel'fem jumpum Kijampi. She'soKya woman. Kija. :;; She speaks KMI :;, :;:j:~~~~;ii;~i;i~~i~~r{~¥#~~;:::~::::;"~:~ rolfeng~rram jal'fa~;~;~~~rrurnfaR)9Qfpmpem Kijam. Nhawun •• Kijapany here are speaking light Kija. He is Kgabut he d == Thuwurra nyingangkurrum jarrakpi Jorrak teme? a What language are you speaking? :;; Thuwurra jarrak jems fall? Nhawunfi Kijapany jalTok keme yokengam Jarum. What language is she speaking? 11 He's Kija but he talks Jaru. "Yndtls~fre"$Q 11 Nginyjiny Jarupany jarrak kerne ~.IJ~~M!""""'"",.,., .. He's Jaru but he speaks 11 - Yokengom jOffgmIJ,iaQ -:11 :;; 11 11 11 -!fij 11 11 :; I ;; A PHAASESOOK OF THE KIJA LAr.tGtrAIUit' I n Kija it is normal to make a distinction between miyalem (meat) and may/m (non-meat ood). /~ I ...... Karninya mlyalem? di!:": Is there any meat? r/-Q-:i[;/)?, Bring me meat. (Speaking to one person). ,{~'-t. -:? " rI-'" {j Junamannama miyalem kaminy~~W Nengkenowan miyale pampsiYanyngint Did you get any meat? ~ You lot bring me meat. (Speaking to more than two people). Kapajarroma mlyaiem junanynhangim? What kind of meat did you bring me? PampSiTonyju miyale tarn, You two bring me meat. Walampum nunanykengu jangklrrem, I brought you some rib bones to eat.

t For a discussion of coverbs see p57 YUWURRIYANGSM KIJAM ~ \.\ } /// \) ( if; Yilkuwurrunnga miyalpawurrunnga. •J~."" s It" ::I r~'{ Wupu penayiiji mayim menkawum. I'm not too good, I've got no meat. :;; ,? \\ ~~ He cooked this good food on the coals. " Jirrowukum penemnnanga miyalem ngakinype. \:" Perrem mayim wupungem. ~ -,~~ ~ Get me one piece of meat. The food is cooked. WUlUm menkawum ngarak nunpumkengu kUyingen. Mayim perrempi penawarrenji peITjilke, • Now I'll make you a nice stew. This food is overcooked, it's too dry. • Nengkerrawan ngarak jampirrimnna mayim. Mayim perrem jumanykai1am wela plnaninngu wupukii1em. :;; You lot make some damper. (Speaking to more than two Hey, it's delicious, you're a good cook. people). Wariwum menkawukkarri junamennha wariwuk. • Nengkerrawan kapinga jirri jarrajfna mayim ngarakklrrem. You put something spicy in it to make it taste really good. ~.' ~ You lot show him/her how to make damper. (Speaking to more Perrem menkawum, menkawuyijlyam ngarejam, than two people). § .< j 11 It's really good and sweet. Miyalkeny kirlirli ngenom, Tam kipingamam mayim yuwurrayangem. 11 I'm walking around looking for meat. That is our bush food. '!!!!!!!!!ll ~ Mamejam yiikuwurrum. ferrem wajpalakirrem mayim menkawum. It's too hot like fire. III It's good kartiya food.t Perrem yilkuwurrum paitarl'jim moyim. ;; Perrempi wal'l'ayelpamanyji? Yilkuwurrunngake karajpeka This food has got too much chilli. ngaremperra. nguwal1 jong nginpim. ~. Perrem mayim walurrpam. Has it got any sugar? I'm a diabetic, I can't eat sweet things. '" This food is hot (eg.just out o(the oven). 11 MalTa yarrutja piya yarrufja piji yarrum menkawumenKawum Kawirlikpu pUflUwunpu mayim. jangklrrem, I The food is getting cold. Let's go shopping and we'll get something nice to I Perrem mayim kernkam. Kapungerreka ngari'kalem mayimpurru? I This food is raw. How much does the food cost? Perrempi mayim menkawum. kertkarra penayanyji. He cooked this wonderfully.

t White person's fOOd. ~Rre~H~~~ & NISA~~1ID

Grammatical Note: In Kija the body and body parts are always neuter. The person to whom the body part belongs takes the appropriate masculine or feminine gender suffix (for him or her) or the appropriate pronoun clitic t (for you. me or us).

WCm'empenngake menkawuWIJmJnnga, Yilkuwununngake. I'm not too good, I'm very sick. I feel lousy.

Yinfekpany melngampanyningi. Jaam menkawuwumJnngake, Marra ylntetha meingampany marra I'm sick in the stomach.; ylntekpany, I'm feeling sad. Take me to the doctor. Jirrayanngake, i

t See Table Page 54 YUWURRIYANGSM I He had a heart attack so they took him to the hospital. • I've got a headache. Yilkuwurru nginini thurrururu ngininl . Kalyulyupannga. He had a stroke. •~ I've got stomach ache. a ~ ~ Menkawunngake. , D j

Ku~npannga. Menkawunnga karajpe. \~j ~~. I've got a cold. I feel good. ;/-' '--'\ ... ! 11' A \ .:. '.: ... :~ Yilkuwurru ngenani menkawu ngelamangke. ~ ~ I wasn't well but now I feel better.

~ Menkawu ngeiamenke. ~ ~q~ .• ~tbl;.trrl

iVUWURRIVANGS~ KIJAM it Nyingongkurrum merrejinpu junamurlunhama? Ngurlukpa nanini nyingangkurrum MSDICINS :I Have you got your medicine? menkawukkirrem? Have you drunk your medicine? I Komlnya nyingangkurrum junamurlunhama Junamanhama nyingangkurrum jurlkurlkum I menkoWllkngarri nimpirrimnhapurru ngurlukkirrem? menkawukkirrem? \ <'/'" "./" \<<<''''':~''''') I Have you got that stuff you drink that will make Have you taken your tablets? you better? Nyingan jinpimnhama tarn kur!urrkirrem? ;; "fq~~ Menkawum tam menkawukngarri Do you need to get injections? I nimpirrimnhapum.l jurlkurlkum. Nyingan pinarrinmangu kapukana jang f~1'~~; I Those tablets will make you better. j nimpim jurlkurlkum menkawukngarri ,~"'''''''''=''"''''''''''''''H''#''''''''''''''''~ I Junamurlunhama nyingangkurrum menkawum nimpirrimnhapurru? jurlkurlkum tom meni

!iI!IIIII! ID Yuwurriyangem kamtlwapam perrem I'Urrom Kaminya menkawum kipingamam .USII MIPICIM. ;; ngul'lukklrrem menkawukkirrem. purrunpungarri laiartkirrem? We have plenty of grasses you can make a Is there any bush medicine that is good for 11 drink from to get better. headaches? ;; Ng\nyjiny kawurruny menkawuny murlumpurN Menkawum tampi nmam lartpungarri pirriyan kungkulum. III lukurrkirriny. Thiskawurru (Securinego melanthe~19.ides) is Rurram (0 bush plant) is good for making • _.~-{::-::·{:~~;ilf::~;. ~ . headaches go away. ~ good for washIng your eyes. . ..io;I!!!!!I!II Jumuluny menkawuny kungkurrupurru jangkimny. a Boab nuts are good when you have got a :; cough. A PIlRASSBOOI< OF TIIS I

Jarrak pernengirri Kijampim. Jarrak perM marrke. LSAIUflNG l

Yakengem jarrakpu jarrak pemengirri. Pefl"em jarrakpu kumak peniylnna Tell me another story. wajpalapiny. Translate this into English.

:,. Y 11 W 11 R R I Y A N G S M K I J A M ::; ::; Nylngcmjarrak pemengirri ngarrangkamim Kapa nanini? jarmkpu. What did you say? iIiIiiI!I"'!!l ~ TeUmea dreamtime story. Kapa ngininl?

~ Neng~euapen jarrak parrernngirri What did he say? ngarrongkamim jarrakpu. ~ Kapa nginininlngki? -~ You two tell me a dreamtime story. What did he say to you? a Pemenglrri Jarrakpu nyingc:mgkurrum. Kapa nyanini? :;; TeU me your story. What did she say? ...... Jarrakpa nemengirri ngayin? Kapa nyaninlningki? "-""':', . Are you speaking to me? What did she say to you? :;; Wenfha. jarrak ngena Yes, I'm speaking to

:;; PinamnfflangtFjdifbkngarri ngenamnlngki? Plnarrinmangu ktijjUWahimplm? LI£!SNING • ...... Do you understand what I'm saying to you? Do you understand what to do? UMPSftS!AND!MO -~ Do you understand what to say? Pinarrinmangu jarrakngarrl purrum? =- Do you understand what they are saying? Jarrakjaliny pemengirri KiJampirs'l, Say it again in Kija. Nguwangaman, nguwan pi~arl1nngake Tell me again in Kija. jarrakngarri purrum, No, I don't understand what they are saying. Rangkakala peme! Listen! (Speaking to one person). Nyinganrangkama jananynho tam ·ja~,!(1m ngeme? Rangkakala yintekpany! DidyoUt/.ncferstand what he is saying? Rangkakaia yintetha! Listen to me! (Speaking to one person). DidypY:h~aovhat...... he is saying?

Ny~pj~mangu rangka jananynha? Dpyouunderstandwhat he/she said?

A PHRASEBOOI< OF THE 1<1JA LANGtJAIlI!.' Rangkakala yimperrikpanyl Nguwan tawung nuoomenke tarn Rcmgk.akala ylmperriktha! roogkangam nunaanke Jarrakpu, You lot, listen to me! (Speaking to more than I can't believe what I'm hearing. one person). I don't like what I'm hearing.

Nyamancmim mariukoyilem plnantkplJ Plnamwu ngelamenke jarrakkinem ~."t k.&:'. TSACRINa f .. A·_'1''''·••1t e .. tatNIU•• ngemperromenpe jarrakklrrem Kijampin1. I'm beginning to learn to speak. The old people are teaching me Kga. Lingallnga ngetamenkente, Pingmkpu ngeoonke jarrokkinem. I'm thinking. I'm learning to speak. Lingaiinga ngenam Kijamplrrl, Pinamkpu ngeiamenke jarrakldrrem Kijamplm. I'm thinking in Kga. I'm beginning to speak Kga.

Kapaklrrem perrem kapa neme? Tarn yakengepam jarrakpe . . MSANlue What are you saying? It has a different meaning. What does it mean? Kapakirremo wayinl nanlre!? Kapakirrema perrempi Jarrakkam neme? Why did you say that? What do you mean by that? Why did you do that? What are you talking about? 'fhuwurrawlJ jarrak ooninl woylni? Kapoi

Kapakirrem perrempl? Kirrij yarrayit jarrakpuka marram, What does it mean? We've finished speaking now. . What is this for?

YUWURRIYANGSI/l KIJAM :.;

•;; fll« WJAlRf

•~ ~ :;; ;;

~ ~ :;;

~."" ~ Penemnhanga ngurlukkirrem. I(urrngawunyjanmangu? Buy me a drink. Reminyma naniyi? Are you thirsty? Waj pemengirri ngurlukpu. •~ ~ Ngurlukpu yintiyi. """'''>. Wentha kapa! :;; Give me a drink. Right on! My oath! :;; Yinfiyinna ngunyjum. Give me tobacco. !\Igiyi, kurmgawunyjanngake,

"" . ',-,-,,:, !\Igiyi, reminy ngenayin . . Nguwangamanngake. Yeah, I'm thirsty. :;; I've got nothing. Nawarram n!npemke nyikankukili ~.' I don't have any. ~ ngurlul'lukkirrem. ~ Ng~'~g(lmannga ngurlukpawurrunnga ~ 1'1/ get a carton of beer to drink for tonight. we~~ti. ~ Werlam meraangaiTiny jimpirlcmy ylntiyinha. ~ ~y.rvegot nothing to drink. Give me a bottle of port. :::;; V~'O'~~Bi3liny.pe(nenglrrl ngurlanyaliny. Gi~~al1otber (drink). Mana yitja ngurlurlukkirrem. iJiIiIi!!"!!!I • Givemesorne more. Let's (you and t) go and have a drink. ~ A PIlRASEBOOI< OF TilE I

~ ~ Wangala ngeme kanyjamperraa yakawarlam. YiiTamningl Marra yarrutja pip yarremnya tany memtapany nawarrany tamplImJ kanyjampe. Wangala jaiTakngaiTi ngemepeoo tiyama ngurlurlukkirreny ngurrunkili. thlllngunyngarri ngeme, Let's all get a wine cask and go over the!.~ to drink. He's going mad because of that lousy ganja. We warn him about Marroma warrkkala yarra. that ganja. He talks silly when he smokes it. Let's dance. Nylngan pirriman nulunhangoi. Piyanynhangirri puny yinteta! She's teasing you. Come here and kiss me! Ngayinkany piiTiman nulunhangu jaiajikany. Punypuny yayingirrij. Mate, I'm only teasing you. Let's (you and [) kiss each other. Tanya kllnyjm nengampumjiningi. Yitjawanyji ngalngalpawurrunkili punyp ii"lmnr, He's teasing you. How about you and I going to a quiet Janya pirrkawirrka nemenjlningi kunyjuri nemenjiningt Ngulngangulnga yaringiiTij. He's winding you up. Let's (you and [) make love. Kunyjiri nengapumjini yuwanke nemenjlnl. Nyikawa purujklrrem yarrufjangani. He's flirting with you. Tomorrow, we will all go and have a party. Kunyjil'i oomenhangal yuwarrke nemenhangai. Kayiwa plIrujkil'l'empi? Quff~-~' SUI'~ She's flirting with you. Where's the party? fi''''\'ii~'' ~~1~) \~ \:Jl(J(:O Wingkemangkul Kiiyingen puru) nyeme yuwarmhawum junpam. Where's the card game? Strewth! Now she's doing a raunchy dance. Kinyanekili ngakinyin toan. . .~~ Ili In the same place, at my place. l£f.l Nengkerrawan ngurlukkayan parremkili yakawarlany. Go on! You lot keep drinking that rubbish (if you must).

Yilkuwul'I'iny kul'lTIgapany yilkuwurruk ngurlurluk nginlni, He's been drinking, now he's feeling sick.

lhulnguny ngeroo tam yilkuwurrum yakawarlam. He's smoking that lousy ganjat.

t marijuana ::,y U W U R R I Y A N G S M K I J A M ; jimarrawun yilkuwurri nylmpim pirrimanngarl'i nyiyinji. ; Kunyjlrirlganl jengampumnha warimpirri nguny nyinpuwunya. If you tease that girl in a cheeky way she'll sulk. She always gets wild when he teases her. ; Ngql'l'iW(]rium ngarli nyimpuwunya ngaliwarriny, JimalTawuk yilkuwurru wumenji pirrimanngarri ngimenya. :.; Kel'Uk>ngarii nyimpuwunya ngaliwanyfha. He always gets wild when she teases him. ; After a while she'll settle down again. Pangarinywarriny rurriJ perramlyanpiyu. Kunyjiringarri jengapurnnha wariwumpirri warinypu ngemenji Two people are swearing at each other. :.; nguwan ngarliwu nguwirn. Mernmel1kalim perap permal1. ;; When you tease that bloke in a cheeky way he'll get wild and he The police have arrived. won't settle down. :; ;; :; ...... ~' ..... ;...WN-«o..,~~ ~:J !*' ~~~~~ ~~ ; r-- ;; ; ; ;; I I I

",."....--.. ~~ •. , ...... w/...... • , ...... -..r~.~ ;; T~·:;;;~:;~,}.""""':::i:f.W~-:, ., ..... ,., ,' .. ' >"':';"YW""~~~..n~~X;~"-""'·"·'''''~h''-- I

~ eJ ;; A PllAASEBOOI< OF TilE I

Grammatical Note: Vehicles always seem to be feminine in gender. Spare parts are usually feminine in gender. However. when people refer to some part of a specific vehicle. the part takes the neuter gender. just as body parts are neuter.

Menkawul toli nylngongkunul ngurrkojil Mamlma WiJI nyeme. kawoyin winyangkili. It (the car) goes fast. -·:tt~~~t:2$f;·· . I like your car even if it is small. Tail yakengeli paliungeli yilktwNrrut Menkawui tal ngulTkajil nyingangkurrul, That other car behind us is no good. nyiiamuiiunke, Talc paliun nyHjanfekaf nyilawuoonke I like your car, I'll keep it. y!lkuwu!'n.ll, Ngelel petowul yakengel warangkan nyitja That car travelling behind is not running well. ngunkaJiI. I'm leaving it behind. This car is slow; the other car is fast.

>!UWURRIYANGS~ KIJA~ ~ ~ ::; Kapa naniningiyi ngurrngurrul? ial ngurmgurrkirrel yilkuwurru wanama. JlntakJntak waanya What did you do to your car? kUl'mgakirrem tarn pemperrulunpllngamngiyi oononmm ::;: nyeme yllkuwurrul. Ngelel ngurmgurrkalil teperr nyanuwart. ~ The car is no good. It's leaking water from the radiator; and the ~ This car is broken. water in the radiator is boiling. ::.; Nguwangarnal ngurrngurrkirrem tam. Thuwuthupawurrunngake menkawukkirrempi, The car's motor is broken. ~ ~ I've got no tools to fix it. Yilkuwurru wanama fanyja nyanuwart tamka wiyile. Menkawukkcm'i nyulunjl yilkuwul1iny, nguwan menkawuk ::;; The car has a flat tyre. nyonemanyji, ..~ TanyJakpu nyuwarrenjl nguwananyji fhep nyimpel1ayangpe The mechanic is useless, he didn't fix it. ~ wayinikana fanyjak wanama, Nguwan tan yarrlyan kawamekili yake nhempat yarrewun! Kat The tyre is going down. Maybe they didn't put the valve in prop yampirruwurrupja perremka pamanpe! -:;; erlyand that's why it has gone down. Look out! Don't go on that blacksoil. we'll get bogged. We must ~ Karninya menkawukpa juwimnha? ~ leave this track. Can you fix it? :;; Klrrij waniyit nguwana wij! yarrlrn, Nyingan papij janawurran tal ngurrngurrkirrem. The car is broken down, we won't go any further. :;; You've cooked the engine. :;.; Kirrij wOl1iyit, nguwana wlji nyimpim. lampl Kawayin mengerr yarrayaja. pemperralunpengarringiyi petali ngllwangamal kimJ waniyif. :;.; Oh well, we'll have to push it. The car won't go any further. It has run out of petrol. Tarn wiJlkengarr! nyimpel1amenpe yilkuwl.lm ..!I, yilkl.lwurrum flak ~ ~ perrayi. :.; The car is sick, it has a flat battery.

~ Ngl.lrlanyaliny yampirrajapirri tarn wurum ngurrngurrkirrempurru, We need to put some more oil into the engine. ~ ~ """""'!J TaB ngulTngurrkirrel nyimuk nyimperraylt yilak nyanakawun. :; They drowned the car in the creek. :;

:.; A PIIRASSBOOK OF TlIS KIJA LANGUAGS :; Nak nyimpiyanya kurmgapawurrul petelpawum ..!I. Ngenengkayana kat yinfuwurrupyamyu. We can't go any further, the car has run out of petrol. Leave us two right here. (Speaking to one person). Kaminya meraangarrim rerrkirrem rerr yamfja. Is there any rope we can pull it with? ~;~;~·~=r~)) Ngenengka parrenhayarre mamperre. 1// You lot wait here for us. Ylntekpany papjinkili. V '{ ,~., if r Kaminya mayipanngake muniurf yinfekpany taankill. ngakenyji Take me to the pub. (Speaking to one person). t;;;;~;:;:::~~~~j ~...... ".....~' kangkayi jalungumny jumanykarrany. Ngurrunkili ylnfekpanyyarriyu mayarunkili mayimpurru. Can you take me home? I've got food. Please, my beautiful You take us two to the shop to buy food. (Speaking to one kangka. person). Ngarakkam jinpimnha miriimirlim perraa peniyinha Nengkerrawanyimperrekthayarre Walkrikyurrung. nawmrampim, tangempi perrawa pimpirrilpeyuwu ngarrkaiem You lot take us to Halls Creek. kilyingem ruyuiampuiTU. You write that letter and send it to the bosses, then they'll send us money for a new four-wheel drive.

YUWURRIYANGSM KIJAM :; ;; ~OV1S :;= :;

~ :;- ;; :; I; I; iT; laing and liking. and feeling good about things is often expressed in terms of a good feel ing in the belly. If you like someone they give you a good feeling in the belly. You will notice I: many references to jaam (belly). == When you are fond of someone you might say:

A PllRASSBOOK OF TIIS KIJA LANGUAcGS.:, you are talking about a woman you are fond of you might say:

If there is more than one woman you are fond of you might say:

When you are talking about a man you are fond of you might say: I I ; When you are talking about someone else who is in love you might say: ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;) """'. ~ '!"'!t ~ :; When relationships break down you might say: :;; ;; ;; iIiI!I!!I i!!t ;;

v·_·~ ;;= ; A PllAASSBOOI< OF TIIS 1<1JA '.ANAfI'>'''>'!! ; ::::;; 'a c:: C lO :::J lO 0 Cii ..: 0 :.- :J >= .... Q Q. 111 3 s: (6. .:-< '" 0 :.- ...... :;;: or :J 0. 3 cO· :::J -to ~ :J -to 0

I NgurruJi yakengempirri kamkim wethet I pinplyinya jangatam. She's going to have a baby next month. '.' I ;;

11 (~~.:~

I Thomany!1 ngakenyil wethet penayitja Ngiyi, ngalii, SAVIM@ A BABY I jangatam. Yes, she had a little girl (lit: a woman). My cousin had a baby. 11 Marlimpal nyanemanyo. wethet penayit. She had a baby girl. 11 Jiyilinyma nginimonya? I Did she have a little boy? I Ngiyi, jiyillny. Yes, a little boy (lit: a man). I Marlimpooy nginimanya. 11 She had a baby boy.

11 A PHRASEBOOI< OF THE I

Kariumpupany nginiwartjl. Kaya nyanuwartja? A baby boy was born. Where was she born?

Kananypel nyanuwarija. Wuspitale Walkrikjin nyanuwarija. She was born in the hospital in Halls Creek. A baby girl was born.

::VUWURRIVANGEM J

~ ~ ..~ i!iIII!!!I!I!iI ~

Tany wanyakuwarrany paampaampuny. Winyangkil tal kumtukai nawarrawu nyitja, .stTIM8 81 ••Sa =- ThaMittle baby is fat. marrama kerarrpal, kirliwanyjl nyimplm, ... ,. · .<~.: That little girl is getting bigger; she's already . N~awuwumenjl kumtukany tany. Hejs~ingbig. crawling, she might be walking soon. •:;;

•:; A PIlRASEBOOIC OF TilE KIJA LAN:GctlA'''~: a Yangurrapirri penamanya minngempi? Penamanyjingiyi milTngem kuraka! _~~n 'tYll.,THS BABY Who does she look like? (lit: Who did she get winyangkiny. that face from?) He looks like his mother. (lit: He got his face from his mother). Mlrmgem tal kurakalngiyi penamanya. She looks like her mother. (lit: She got her face Mirmgem penamanyji ngapukanynlngi. from her mother). He looks like his father. (lit: He got his face from his father). Ngapukanyni mirmgem tal penamanyani. She looks like her father. (lit: She has the face of iumukaliny nglnyjiny kurakalngiya her father). penamooyji. He's got a lot of hair; he got it from his mother. YangurrapilTi penamanyji mirmgempi? Who does he look like? Tumupawumny ngapukany penamanyjini iumum. He's got no hair; he takes after his father.

Asking about someone's age in Kija is difficult since traditionally Kija people only had num TALIUaG ABQUT Aes bers from one to three. Beyond that people spoke of many or a lot. Many older people don't know their ages as few records were kept of the births of Aboriginal babies. It is pos sible to ask the age of young children especially if they are three years old or less, byask ing when they were born. Kija expresses months in terms of moons and years in terms of rains (wet seasons).

L$'7"' \, >- rr-; f\~t, \ J 1·1t

:::YUWURRIYANGSM I

I Wiyinanuwa merrkernpe jawurranype Jirrawukumngiya jatam perrema ;a nginiwartjingarri. yarrunyangarripifii. He was born three months ago. She is one year old. I' Yarrunyangarripini Ill·· ;a Perrem yakengem yampirrimnyangarri ·f merrkern wirnpenanuwa jatampl. ngelel. :I Next year he will be three years old. ID Jangatany tany ngamunguny nginlwaffjlngarrl Nyanuwaffjangarri y(lk.n~mpini pangal'iny jafawarriny. karnkim. m That little boy was born two years ago. She was born three months

A PHAASEBOOK 01' THE lUJA LAl!I~UAl;l"" J1SA~OU~RN~~

1F![~HtRN~.. . ~ HUM~U~

CUllural Notes: JeaJousing (from the Kriol jelaj;m) is to give someone a hard time through jealousy. This may include threats. intimidation. verbal abuse or even violence. Jealousing therefore is more than merely being jealous of s.omeone or something. The implication is that the jealouser is going to do something about it so you had better watch out!

A humbug (as used in the Kimbefley) is a person who is persistently annoying or provoking. a pain in the neck. 10 humbug someone is to hassle them or wear them down until you get what you desire from them. You might humbug somebody for money. a lift. a drink. tobac co. sex or even a fight.

Wongkalike ylnamoolia. Nyingan kmgkerrke yinamenha. !lUMaV$ You're exhausting me. You make me angry.

Nakpiyma! KangkOO'ke ~moolia. Shut up and go away! You make him/her angry.

Nguwon nimpiyoohangake. Nyingan yiilruwumAkpl ylnamenha wmgalakpi Don't humbug me. yioomenoo. You drive me mad. YallJke yinamenlia. You are making me tired. Kat yintuwurrup ngayiwamny! Kat yinfuwuiTUp ngayiwanytha! MalTa piyoll! Leave me alone! Go away!

(Y Q W Q ~ R I Y A N GEM I< I J A M I Nguwan waiaji yinperta, nyungkayapanngu. I Nguwan maj yinpimnha. Don't touch me. Don't put the hard word on me, you are alright, you've already got someone. I Nylngangkurrum karajpe mai'lam I penamurlunha. /;z.:::·Y~;:'::~',"\ f ~~~U~;~!~.. {·~ '\ You keep your hands to yourself. / ... ~l1/:;l '.. ..l "..7 \ .~ ;; ! i ~..-...... ~u_.. , .~ t f {~-?;:ff;.~ ~j / ~_"1 ~~. I \~\\".'1,} ~,,, j ·····"UN. 'q•• .....,-.-"""" ;; ~; j' fl "'<" ;--~t ".'-,.i~ g ; iemtem ngeme. Yurru! Tanyaningki jiyiiiny mungurr nemenjin!ngi "'SALOUStN. ;) Mungufr ngeme. ngulngakalnguyu jarrakkam nemengiyi. He's jealous. Look out! That bloke is jealousing you for talking ;; to his girlfriend. Temtem nyemengake. I She's jealousing me. Tanya temtem ngemenguyu lingalinga ngeme nyitjawanyjiningi yakenginy jiyiliny. Temtem nyemengake Jarrakngarri :I He's jealous of her because he thinks she's ngenamnlngki. Ili!!!l! going around with another man. M She's jealousing me for talking to you. Nguwan jaampirri yinpimnha nguwanijiyan. I Ngumny mungurr ngenamenjinungkl.lwa Stop jealousing me. (lit: Stop getting me with nyingannunglruwa. D your bellyt.) He's jealousing me because of you. 11 Ngayiwarriny ngenanke. Nggrij"Yllgurruri ngeniyinji nyingannungkuw(l. i\lgayiwanytha ngenanke. 11 m(Jd'QSing me because of you. (He's I'm minding my own business. (lit: I'm staying behind my back.) 11 by myself.) ;a.

11 l~q~mm~~cause of you.

;a A PIlRASSBOOl< OF THS l

Jikilinngu yiikuwuiTUnngu. Nylngan ngalipanhawunngu. Nyingan yakumnhawunngungu, You're horrible. You're a liar. Nguwan tek ninamangke wayinijarrany Yakum nerne ngarlipa neme, jikilinngu. I've never seen a man as ugly as you. You're speaking rubbish. You're lying. Nguwan tek nyilamangke wayinijal ylllruwuiTUnngungu juwarrijai. Yilkuwummngungu kungkulum! I've never seen a woman as ugly as you. Idiot!

Nyingan ngal1pen nita nhuwulungu! Wangala neme. You stink! Wangaianngu. You're mad.

yuwtilllllYANGSM I

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I< I J A III ;; It ;; MOH ;u 11 ;[I :; :I

;; I

I Karninya ngarrkalem? Yintiyinha ngalTkaiem, I Have you any money? NgaITkaiem waj pemengim. Give me money. :I NgalTkalempi junamurlunhama'? Have you got any money? Wamarram waJkal'l'i nunayifkeningki nguwana :.I Ngamwaium waj runpemkeningkl. wa; junayifhanginlo :; Kef<:ikwaj runpemiceningld. Ngamungum wajngam nunayitkeningki I'Ugiveyou some later on. nguwan pili yinayitha i

;.~ef:~lll ~qn(:ll'l'~m;pe~ekpc:mYI1SJ(lke"ng~~Ii.,pirivruwa Ifs expensive-it will take all our money.

:penayinha merlk~maw~j:pir:pijiningkj, .l

!,apuoge"ekapelTempwru·ngal'l'.k~em? How much doe,s;this cost?

U.~.'~YI~'~. K1.f~ NOW lr

MA~eULINS~ 'SMININS~ NStJTSR ANP PLUltAL In English there are some words such as prince, father. and stallion that talk about males so are clearly masculine. Other words such as princess, mother and mare talk about females so are clearly feminine. Other words such as person and horse are neither masculine nor feminine. We call them neuter. That is, we can't tell whether the person or the horse in ques tion is male or female. When we say a word is masculine, feminine or neuter we are talking about the gender of the word. In English only a few words have masculine and feminine genders. By contrast, most words in Kija have gender distinctions.

Words that name things such as rocks, flowers and trees are called nouns. The names for abstract concepts such as hope, love and hunger and the names for imaginary or mystical things such as devils and spirits are also nouns. In Kija all nouns have gender, that is to say they are either masculine, feminine or neuter. Nouns such as jiyiliny (man) and nyakanyjl (uncle) are clearly referring to males and are hence masculine in gender. Nouns such as ngal;1 (woman) and kawangel (aunt) are clearly referring to females and are hence femi nine in gender. Things that are not obviously male or female still have a gender but you have to learn the gender for each word. ego the Fork-tailed Kite kanjaljl is masculine and the echidna kemanyjel is feminine.

Gender in Kija is shown by suffixes in much the same way as in English where the -ess on the end of princess tells us the word is feminine.

Words such as red. hungry and dangerous describe a noun or give extra information about a noun. These words are called adjectives. In Kija, adjectives have the same gender as the nouns they describe (they agree with the noun). ~~A%

A PIlRASSBOOK OF TIlS KIJA LAM/HlllGS" Words like this and that are called demonstratives. Like adjectives, Kija demonstratives agree in gender with the noun to which they refer.

Here is an example of gender in a sentence showing how a demonstrative, an adjective and a noun all agree. Nginyjiny jarlpummy jiyiliny. this (dem)(m) blind (adj)(m) man (noun)(m) This man is blind.

Adjectives and nouns do not have to be in any special order relative to each other. They don't even have to be next to each other as they do in English. Jiyiliny partarl nginiwaftji jaripum.lny. man (noun)(m) fall down he fell blind (adj)(m) The blind man fell down.

Kija has three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Suffixes attached to the ends of nouns to show their gender. Because adjectives agree in gender with the nouns they describe, they take the same gender suffix. Most nouns and adjectives end in a vowel (0, 9; 5, u). Those that are masculine take the ~ny suffix. Those that are feminine take the -8 suffix. Those that are neuter take the ~m suffix. MAseULtNS FSMtN1MB NStJYBR

jiyili-ny ngalH marla~m man (noun)-m woman (nounl-f hand (noun)-n man woman hand

jiyilH'IY yaa1epa-ny ngalH yortepa-I mculaQm nOWOlTa-ffi man (noun)-m intelligent (adjl-m woman (noun)-f intelligent (adjl-f hand (noun)-n large (adj}-n intelligent man intelligent woman large hand

jula-ny wariwu-ny ngurmgurrkil're-I wiJikale-1 wupunge-m moyl-m dog (noun)-m aggressive (adp-m car (noun)-f good runner (adj}-f cooked (adj)-n foOO- (noun)-n aggressive male dog fast car cooked food

YUWURRIYANGSM KIJAM :I ;; Some nouns and adjectives end in a consonant (j. k. I. ly. m. n. ng. nh. ny. p. r. rI. m. If. 11. t. th. w. y). Suffixes are usually added to show the gender. Those that are masculine take :a -ji, those that are feminine take -si or -if!". M ~ MAseULINB FSMltUNS

-""!I!I!I! kultanykultany-ei kcmjaHi • fork-tailed kite (noun)-m Northern RoseUa (noun)-t • fork-tailed kite Northern Rosel/a :; thamany-ji thamany-iI :; grandfathert /cousin (noun)-m mother's father's sister/cousin (noun)-f maternal grandfather. male cousint mother's father's sister. female cousint • • iangkenRji Maakaret-ei ::; Duncan (noun)-m Margaret (noun)-f :; Duncan Margaret

:; The situation is alittle more complicated for neuter nouns and adjectives that end in con :; sonants. Those that end in I sounds (I. Iyand rf) and r sounds (r and if) take the suffix -e.

tinyjil-e yanterr-e ngankerr~e :; navel (noun)-n finger nail (noun)-n jaw (noun)-n iI!fi!!'!!il navel finger nail jaw ~. ;: Neuter nouns and adjectives that end in any of the other consonants (j. k. m. n. ng. nh. ny. ;; P. m, .• d.t th. w or y) take the suffix ~pe or ~pU§. 11 karaJ-pe ylnginy·pe ash(noun)-n body (noun)-n name (noun)-n

'!'I!!!!I N ash body name ::I

'!'I!!!!I. t The suffixes ·il and '411 are interchangeable. either form can be found on some words. ~ t see Table otKin Terms. § The suffixes -pe and -pu are interchangeable. Either form can be found on some words. •~ Remember that adjectives agree in gender with the nouns they describe and they take the appropriate suffix for the same gender. When a noun ends in a consonant and an adjec tive ends in a vowel (or vice versa) they still agree in gender although they take different endings. yampil-ji mal1ukCNlY slow (adj}-m old man (noun)-m . slow old man

ngakeny-el jalajH my (adj}-f friend (noun)-f my friend, my girlfriend

panan-pe meraangamsM road (noun)-n long (adj}-n long road

kerewuHi~ naWalTa-M egg (noun)-n big (adj}-n big egg

So we have three gender suffixes each of which has different forms depending on the end ing of the word. Thus: The masculine suffix is ~ny after a vowel and ojl after a consonant; The feminine suffix is -I after a vowel and either -el or ·11 after a consonant; The neuter/plural suffix is ·m after a vowel, -6 after I sounds (I. Iy and 1'1) and f sounds (I' and ff) and either -pe or ~pu after other consonants.

We call this last suffix (-m/-e/-pe/-pu) neuter/plural because nouns and adjectives which are plural (more than one) also take this suffix.

1< 1 J A III NaU!BR A.ND PLURAL

Neuter nouns all take the neuter/plural gender suffix. All body parts are neuter.

jaa~m ...... belly murlu-m ...... eye kerlalpa-m ...... thigh karaj-pe ...... body finyjil-e ...... navel :::;, Body parts are not the only nouns that are neuter. Non-countable nouns such as water. milk. =- tea and tobacco are also neuter. Most non-countable nouns are nouns that in English can ..~... go with the word some ego some water or some milk. kurmga-m ...... water. beer. wine kamu-m ...... milk ~ ~ nalija-m ...... tea ngunyju-m ...... tobacco • kawum-pe ...... ash Plural (more than one) nouns and adjectives take exactly the same suffix: -m after a vowel. • -6 after I and r sounds and ~pe or -pu after other consonants. This happens regardless of their gender in the singular. •...•...... , .. . ~iNel1LA~ PtdlRAL ...~ wanyaki-ny jiyili-ny ~ wanyaki-m Jiyile-m small (adP-m man (noun)-m small (adP-pi man (noun)-pl small man small men •::; wanyakH thamcmysil + wanyaki-m thamony-pu ::; small (adP-f mother's father's sister/cousin (noun)-f small (adj)-pl mother's father's sister/cousin (noun)-pl young female cousin young cousins ~.... ~ jirrawuku-m murlu-m wanyaki-m + melakawu-m wcmyakl-m muriu-m ~ one (adj}-n eye (noun)-n small (adP-n ~ many (adp-pi small (adj)-pl eye (noun)-pl one small eye many small eyes ~.. ~ :;; S0n"lenOUl:)sare reduplicated (doubled) or partly reduplicated in the plural (more than two)Ondtakethe neuter/plural suffix as well. ;; A PIlRASEBOOl< OF THE l #I ngoli-! .. ngalingall-m woman (noun)-f women (noun)-pl woman women wanyaki-ny .iJ; wanycmyoki§m little boy (noun)-m little boys (noun)-pl .little boy children

Something to watch out for: The gender suffix is often dropped when Kija words are borrowed into Kriol or English. Have you got any ngunyju? Have you got any tobacco?

The same word in the equivalent Kija sentence would normally take the neuter/plural suffix -m. Kaminya ngunyju-m? is there any tobacco-n Have you got any tobacco?

It is important to realise this because if you ask someone (in English or KrioO for the Kija name for something, the answer may well be lacking the appropriate gender suffix. For tobacco, we say ngunyju.

SONS SA~Y SSHTSNeSS Having understood nouns and adjectives you can easily make short sentences. In Kija, an adjective with its gender suffix and a demonstrative can be a full sentence.

I\Igelel kuminya-I. this (t) hungry (adj}-f She is hungry.

Nginyjiny nawarra-nyo this (m) big (adjl-m He is big.

YUWURRIYANGEM i

• This is how you can use any adjective or noun to talk about yourself: • Ngayin jirraya-n-nga. ::I alright (adj}-N-I am 11 I'm alright. Ngayin kuminya-n-ngake . hungry (adj}-N-I am • I'm hungry. Ngayin jiyili-n-nga. I man (noun)-N-I am I'm a man.

These sentences have been made by adding -nt (which replaces the gender suffix) plus -nga which. in this case. means I am. There is also a long form of -ngo which is -ngoke. Both forms are correct. In fact it is not even necessary to use Ngayin (I). One word with its suffix es carries the whole meaning.

Jirraya-n-nga. alright (adj}-N-I am I am alright.

...... to say something about the person you are speaking to. instead of -ngo or R~~after the on. put -ngu or -ngungu which. in this kind of sentence. mean you are. The rl~itlh.:);";ipsen . .t ences.' h ave th e same meaning:.

you (1) good (adj}-N-you (1) are You are good.

11 :::I

=:I the word. It merely replaces the gender suffix and allows A PHRASEBOOI< OF THE I

The elements -yayl, -nga and -ngu are not real.ly full words. They must attach to other Kija words to tell who is being referred to. Linguists call these pronoun c1itics.

P.ONOUW CLl'rICt '.CON nm eIJlflC itSKltE: to:

-nga/-ngake ...... me -yayi ...... me and you -yuwu/ -YUWUffU ...... me and my mob (not including you) -YO"6 ...... all of us (including you) -ngu/-ngungu ...... you (just one) -nungku/nungkuffU ...... you lot (two or more)

Any adjective or noun can be turned into a statement by replacing the gender suffix with -n and then following it with one of the above clitics.

Kuminya-n-yarr9, hungry (adj}-N-all of us are We are all hungry.

Yanepa-n-ngungu. intelligent (adj}-N-you (1) are You are intelligent.

Nguwan wanyaki-n-yuwu, not child (noun)-N-we (not including you) are We are not children.

t In other constructions these particular pronoun clitics tend to mean: for me. for me and you. for me and my mob. etc. YUWURRIYANGSf,l l

I Ngiyi + !\!giyi-ma? yes/right yes/right-qu I That's right. Is that right? ;/:/m...... <::~".':~:; .. I tCh~::,.. ' I VSiUSS ;; Take the English sentence: The man went to the east. The word went is a verb. Verbs can be thought of as action or doing words. Learners of Kija may have heard that the verbs are I very complicated. While this is true you should not be put off. By learning just a little about ;; verbs you will quickly recognise what actions people are talking about. However. more study will be needed to understand who is doing the action. :; In Kija the above sentence would look like this: ; Jiyiliny nginiyin ngelakurluff. man he went to the east ~ • The man went to the east. I This verb is called an inflecting verb because it changes (inflects) according to who is ~':',. ", N .:.•..• :~~••. "'::::::~;;;::'W'1;:: involved and when the event takes place. It carries the information about the gender of

A PIlRASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUAGE those participating in the action. Nginiyin (he went) tells us that the person was male. It also tells us about the timing of the event. Nginiyin tells us that the action has already taken place-that he already went.

Here are nine forms of the verb to go showing how it changes (inflects) depending on who is going and when they go.

PAt:f ACTION P1UU}SNf ACTION 'U'fUtU~ ACTi.ON id he nginiyin ngitji ngiwiyan he went he goes he will go

I ngenayln ngenai1ke nginpiyan 1 went Igo 1 will go

nyaniylnya nylmplyanya she nyitJa she went she goes she will go

The inflecting verb changes to agree with the gender of the nouns in the sentence. In this way the verb tells you who is doing the action and sometimes to whom it is being done. Note that in the next two sentences hand takes the neuter/plural suffix because is a body part. Jiyili-ny nyanemurlaartjl mariam nguingakcHo man-m m held f(iv) hand (n) his spouse-f The man held his wife's hand.

Ngali-I ngumurlunya marlam ngulngaka~ny. woman-f f is holding m (iv) hand (n) her spouse-m The woman holds her husband's hand.

Take the English sentence: The man ran to the east. The equivalent sentence in Kija looks like this: Jiyiliny wlji nginiyin ngelakurlui'f. man run he went to the east The man ran to the east.

YUWURR1YANGSM KIJAM :; ;; In the Kija sentence the verb consists of two parts: wlji (run) and nginiyin (he went). The first part wiji is a coverb and the second part nginiyin is the inflecting verb. Note that it is the :I same inflecting verb as in the first example. The coverb. wiji. tells you what the action is (eg. running). Meanwhile the inflecting verb nginiyin (he went) tells us that the person was male i!i!il~ and that the action has already taken place-that he already ran. Two-part verbs like this ;; consist of a coverb followed by the inflecting verb. We call them complex verbs. One-part verbs like nginiyin in the first example are sometimes called simple verbs because they con sist of just the inflecting verb and have no coverb. =IiIi'I!l!i IiIi!I!i!I :; A sentence with a simple verb: Nhawun penamanyji kurmgam. ,. He he got it/some (iv) water ~ He got some water. :; A sentence with a complex verb: z Nhawun pip penamanyjl kariakpu. :; he pick up (cov) he got it/some (iv) billycan He picked up the billy can. -@il Here are nine forms of the complex verb to run showing how the inflecting verb (the sec ond word) changes depending on who does the running and when it takes place. Notice == that the coverb stays the same in all nine examples. ~ - FUTuas ACTHlN ;; PAQT ACtION PlllU:SNT ACTION

;; wiji nginiyin wiji ngitjl wiji ngiwiyon he run he went run he goes run he will go heron he runs he will run

wiji ngenayin wijl ngenartke wij! nginpiyon I run I went run I go run I will go I ran I run I will run

nyoniyinya wiji nyitjo wiji nyimpiyanyo she run she went run she goes run she will go she ran she runs she will run

A PllAASSBOOK OF TIIS KIJA Coverbs do not contain information about who is doing the action, when or to whom. The form of the coverb stays pretty much the same. For this reason, if you know a few coverbs you will often have a fair idea of what people are talking about. They are easy to learn.

Some useful coverbs to know: jarrak ...... speak rangka ...... listen, hear )al1g ...... eat ngurluk ...... drink waj ...... give pinarrik ...... teach kirli ...... walk wiji ...... run kat ...... Ieave someone/something ngalipa ...... tel/lies pUfUj ...... play that ...... hit kill kirrij ...... finish

Most Kriol speakers who have a Kija background will know and use many of these words when speaking Kriol. This example is Kriol with two Kija coverbs. Tuba/a bin ngurlukbat, rubala bin thet mijelp. Two people were drinking and they started to hit each other.

Once you know a few coverbs. you should be able to pick them out in a Kija sentence even though you may not be able to understand the whole sentence. You should be able to g work out that the next sentence (which is the Kija version of the above) has something to I f~ do with drinking and fighting. ~~li;;: : Ngurlukngaffi pefrooiyu thet peffawarenplyu pangalinywamny. Two people were drinking and they started to hit each other.

The coverb gives a more specific meaning to the general meaning of "the inflecting verb. By learning just a few inflecting verbs you can say many more things by putting different coverbs in front of them. The inflecting verb nginini is used in the following six expressions: nginlni ...... he said. he did (it) rangica nglnlnl ...... he listened 11 ;; wiji nginin;...... he ran kirll nginin; ...... he walked 11 ngalipa fig;n;ni ...... he lied jang ngin/nff ...... he ate

•11 Coverbs are often reduplicated (doubled). This usually means that the action was taking 11 place over an extended period of.time. jalfak ...... talk + jarrakjarrak ...... be talking, be telling stories a jang ...... eat ~ jangjang ...... be eating III Some coverbs are only partly reduplicated. 11 ngurluk ...... drink + ngurlurluk ...... be drinking 11 =- FASt SpaaeM 'O~MS 0' eOMPLSX VS~BS ~ A change in the form of complex verbs occurs when Kija speakers talk quickly. If you don't ~ 11 expect it you might not recognise the verb. tek nanemanhangu tek tanemanhangu ~ Ex 1 + ~ I saw you (1) fast speech I saw you (1) I!IiI!!!!I ~ jarrok nyeroo jarrak jeme Ex 2 ~ • she speaks fast speech she speaks puruj ngin!n! puruj kinin! Ex 3 + he played fast speech he played

There are some simple rules that explain the change. It happens when inflecting verbs fol low coverbs that end in a stop consonant(p, j, t. th, kor m.lf the inflecting verb begins with n nyor ng it changes to begin with t, j or le respectively. If you suspect that a Kija speaker

A PIlRASflBOOl< OF Tilt:· 1

Note: Some Kija speakers use the fast speech forms more than others. The phrases in this book contain a mixture of fast speech and slow speech forms of com plex verbs. This is because the phrases were recorded on audio tape from Kija speakers who used both forms.

MAl<:iN. Qt.nu:tu:nu: Statements with verbs can be made into questions by adding the question-forming ~ma suf fix to the inflecting verb in simple verbs and to the coverb in complex verbs.

Juncmynha miyalem. ~ Junanynha-ma miyalem? you (1) brought it meat you (1) brought it-qu meat You brought meat. Did you bring meat?

Jang nanini. ~ Jang-ma nanini? eat you (1) did it eat-qu you (1) did it You ate. Did you eat?

When the coverb ends in a stop consonant (p, j, t, th, le or d) the form of the quesfion forming suffix is -po.

Ngurluk nanini. ~ Ngurluk-pa nan!ni? drink you (1) did it drtnk-qu you (1) did it You drank. Did you drink?

YUWURRIYANGSM I

•...... •.:'"'-

~ ~

...... ,<. :-... ~ A PHRASEBOOK OF THE KIJA These kin terms don't translate directly into English so the most common ones are listed with &~J!a$ (Q)JP their various meanings. There are terms of address (terms you use when you are talking to RN someone) and terms of reference (terms you use when you are talking about someone). Note that sometimes there are also differing terms for the same relationship depending on $f(M~ whether a male or female is speakingt.

AI)I)RS~S 'l'SI1tM I1tSJrSI1tSNCS 'fSRM aSLA'fiONSdiP

kurayi ...... kural ...... mother, mother's sister ngapu ...... ngapuny ...... father ngapayi ...... ngapuny ...... father's brother ngaji ...... ngajil ...... sister, female cross-cousin (mother's brother's daughter, father's sister's daughter) female straight-cousin (mother's sister's daughter, father's brother's daughter) ngaji ...... ngajiny ...... brother, male cross-cousin (mother's brother's son, father's sister's son) male straight-cousin (mother's sisters's son, father's brother's son) pulungu ...... pulungul ...... older sister pulungu ...... pUlunguny ...... older brother pariyi ...... pariyil ...... younger sister pariyi ...... pariyiny ...... younger brother ngalanga/ngalayi; ...... wikiny/ngalangangeny ...... son (when the mother IS speaking) ngapayi ...... wikiny ...... son (when the father is speaking) ngalanga/ngalayi ...... wikil/ngalangangel ...... daughter (when the mother is speaking) ngapayi ...... wikil/ngapul ...... daughter (when the father is speaking) nyakayi...... nyakany/nyakanyji...... mother's brother (uncle) nyanyi...... nyanyiny ...... mother's brother (uncle) karli ...... karliny ...... man's sister's son, woman's brother's son (nephew) karli...... karlil...... man's sister's daughter, woman's brother's daughter (niece) kawayi, kamelany ...... kawangel. ngapul. kamelanyel ... father's sister (aunt), woman's great-granddaughter

'. Y U W U R R I Y A N G S lYI K I J A M t This table has been adapted from Kofod 1996, p.177 with permission. ;;;;g; :;; APCPRS~S TSRM REFSRSNCS TERM RSLATiONSHt, ::g kamelany, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , kamelanyji , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , woman's great-grandson :;; kangkayi , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , kangkal. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , mother's mother, mother's mother's sister, woman's daughter's daughter, man's sister's daughter's daughter • kangkayi , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , kangkany , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , mother's mother's brother; woman's daughter's son, man's iIiIiM"~.". sister's daughter's son thamany , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,", thamanyji , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , mother's father; mother's'father's brother, man's :::; daughter's son, male cross-cousin (mother's brother's son, :;; father's sister's son) thamany , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , thamanyil , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , mother's father's sister; woman's brother's daughter's 11 daughter; female cross-cousin (mother's brother's daughter, father's sister's daughter) iIi!!I!lJIl.. ~ ngawuji/ngawuju '" , , , , , , , , , ,ngawujil , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , father's mother; father's mother's sister, woman's son's daughter ~ ngawuji/ngawuju , , , , , , , , , , , , , ngawujiny, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , woman's son's son - kelaaki, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,kelaakiny , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , father's father, father's father's brother; man's son's son ~ - kelaaki, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , kelaakil , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , father's father's sister; man's son's daughter ;; kurriji, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .... , .. kurrijil, , .. , , .. , , .. , , , .. , .. , ... woman's mother-in-law, woman's daughter-in-law, man's ;; nephew's wife kurriji. , , . , . , ...... , . , . , ... , kurrijiny ... , , ... , ... , .... , .... woman's mother-in-Iaw's brother ft thampurrul .. , , .. , ... , ... , .... man's mother-in-law, man's mother-in-Iaw's sister thampurruny .. , .. , , , . , , , ..... , woman's son-in-law, man's mother-in-Iaw's brother -~ • lamparra .. , .. , .. , . , , ..... , , . lamparrany ... , ... , .. , . , . , .... father-in-law ;; ngulnga/ngumparna . , ...... ngulngany/ngumparnany, ... , .. husband, spouse's brother

!!'!'I!! ngulnga/ngumparna ..... , , .. , ngulngal/ngumparnal, .... , . , .. wife, spouse's sister ~ wartu , ...... , , . , , . , , ...... , wartuny. , . , , ...... " , . , , . , brother-in-law D wartu , . , ... , . , , ..... , , . , , . , , wartul , . , . , ...... , , ...... , sister-in-law e peltlkali . , ... , .. , .. , , .. , , . , .. pernkaliny ... , , . , , , .... , , , .. , , husband of a kangkal ~ pernkaU ...... , ..... pernkalil . , ...... , . , , , , , , , , , , , kangkal's husband's sister I I I A PHRASSBOOJ( OF THS J

*Fast Speech Form (see p.59).

jangkirriny ...... something (m) to eat jangma nanini? ...... did you (1) eat? jarlpurruny ...... blind man

jarrak ...... speak (cov) jaakil ...... pregnant woman jarrak jerne* ...... she speaks qarrak nyerne) jaam ...... belly, stomach jarrak kerne* ...... he speaks (jarrak ngerne) jaampirri ...... with the belly jarrak nanini ...... you (1) spoke jaampurru ...... for the belly jarrak nerne ...... you (1) speak jaangari(ny) ...... man's skin name jarrak ngenarnningki ..... I'm speaking to you (1) jaanim ...... pubic covering, loincloth jarrak nyerne ...... she speaks jaawal ...... pregnant woman jarrak parrernngirri ...... you (2 or more) speak to me jakarra(ny) ...... man's skin name jarrak perne ...... (you-1) speak! jalaji ...... friend jarrak pernengirri ...... (you-1) speak to me!, tell me! jalmurrk ...... smash with something jarrak terne* ...... you (1) speak qarrak nerne) jalmurrk nimpiyinhangu .. I'll smash you (1) jarrakjaliny ...... speak again jalungurriny ...... handsome male jarrakjaliny pernengirri ... (you-1) tell me again!, say it jalungurru-...... beautiful, handsome again to me! jampin(ji) ...... man's skin name jarrakjarrak ...... be speaking, be telling stories, be janama(ny) ...... man's skin name having a yarn (cov) jarrakjarrak nginpirnningki I'm talking to you (1) jang ...... eat (cov) jang nginini ...... he/she ate jarrakjarrak pernengirri ... (you-1) speak to me! jang nimpirn ...... he/she will eat jarrakkala puma ...... (you-1) speak! jangala(ny) ...... man's skin name jarrakkarri nerne ...... when you (1) are speaking .. . jangata- ...... baby jarrakkarri nernengiyi. .... when you (1) are telling her.. . jarrakkarri ngerne ...... when he is speaking .. . jangjang ...... be eating (cov) ianQkirrem ...... for eating jarrakkarri purrurn ...... when they are speaking.. .

;;'{UWURRIYANGSIII KIJAM jarrakkirrem ...... speech, about speaking, jirrawukumuwa- ...... only one something used for speaking jirrayam ...... alright, OK, good bye jarrakngarri jirrayamkili ...... they are alright ngenarnningki ...... I'm speaking to you jirrayammaningi? ...... are they good to him? jarrakngarri ngerne ...... he is speaking jirrayanmangu? ...... are you (1) alright/OK? jarrakngarri purrurn ...... they are speaking jirrayannga(ke) ...... I'm alright/OK jarrakpa nernengirri? .... are you (1) speaking to me? jirrayanyayi ...... you and I are alright/OK jarrakpu/jarrakpi/jarrakpe. word, story, utterance, language, jirri...... show, point something meaning out demonstrate (cav) Jarujam ...... like Jaru jirri jarrajtha ...... you (2 or more) show him/her jarum ...... stomach jiyilem ...... men, Aboriginal men Jarum ...... the Jaru language jiyilempurru ...... for/belonging to men, fori Jarupany...... Jaru man (man who has the Jaru belonging to Aboriginal people language) jiyilingem ...... for/belonging to men, fori jatam(pi) ...... rain, rainy seasons, years belonging to Aboriginal people jatawarriny ...... two rains, two years jiyilinnga ...... I'm a man, I'm an Aboriginal man jawalyi(ny) ...... man's skin name jiyiliny ...... man, Aboriginal man jawanqi) ...... man's skin name Jlyllnyma," "I' ') ., ... ,., ... ," IS, I't a man.') jawurranype ...... month(s) (moons) jiyirrempurru ... , . , ... , . , for/about kangaroos jikili-...... horrible/ugly julama(ny) .. ,., ...... man's skin name jikilinngu(ngu) ...... you (1) are horrible/ugly jUlany. , . , , ...... , , . , . male dog jilam ...... ground, sugar jumpum. , , , , , , .. , , .. , , , heavy jilan ...... on/in the ground, on/in the sand jumuluny ..... , , . , ...... boab jimarrawuk(ta) ...... : .. always, for good jumurlunhamangake? .,. can you (1) look after him/her for jimarrawun ...... always, for good me? jimpirlany ...... bottle, spearhead junamanhama? ...... , did you (1) get them/some? jinpimnha ...... you (1) will get them/some junamurlunhama ?, .. , . , . have you (1) got them/some? jinpimnhama? ...... will you (1) get them/some? junanynha. , . , .. , .. ,. , .. you (1) brought them/some jintak ...... drip, leak (cav) junanynhama? ,." ... ,' did you bring them/some? jintakjintak ...... be dripping, be leaking (cav) junanynhangirri . , , , , .... you (1) brought it to me pntakjintak waanya ...... she's dripping junguliny . , ... , ... , , . , . , little boy of about six or seven jirrawukiny/jirrawukuny ... one thing (m) years of age jirl'Clwuku-...... one jungurra(ny) , , , . , , , . , ... man's skin name

A PIlRASSBOOK OF TIIS KIJA I.AN;;UA;;S kangkakanhangu ...... you (1) are in a kangka relation jungurranngake ...... I am a Jungurra (skin) ship (see Table of Kin Terms) jungurranngu ...... you (1) are Jungurra (skin) kangkayi ...... granny, the address form of kangka (see Table of Kin Terms) jungurranyayi ...... you and I are Jungurra (skin) junpam ...... corroborees, songs kangkerrke ...... make someone angry (cov) junpampurru ...... for/about corroborees/songs kangkerrke jimenha ..... you make him/her angry jurlkurlkum ...... round things/tablets kangkerrke yinamenha .. you make me angry jurnanykarra- ...... beautiful/handsome kanjalji ...... Fork-tailed Kite jurnanykarranngu ...... you (1) are beautiful/handsome kanyja/kanyjampe ...... marijuana juwarri-...... ghost/devil kapa? ...... what? juwarrija- ...... like a ghost/devil kapa nerne? ...... what are you (1) doing/saying? juwl.lrru(ny) ...... man's skin name kapaanyji ...... something, I don't know what kapajarrama? ...... what kind of... ? what is it like? kapakerreny(i)? ...... what's wrong with him? kapakirrel? ...... what's wrong with her? t< kapakirrem/kapakirrema? what's wrong? what for? why? kaartaya ...... slowly kapakirrenhangu? ...... what's wrong with you (1J? why kajim ...... sore, disease are you (1) ... ? why do you (1) ... ? kakampi ...... poor thing kapaningki? ...... what's it to you (1)? kalyulyum ...... stomach ache kapinga/kapiya? ...... where to? kalyulyupannga ...... I've got a stomach ache kapu? ...... what? kamaliwa- ...... stranger kapukana? ...... when? kaman ...... ' look for, miss someone (cov) kapukanakili? ...... when will it be? kaman ngenarnnungu ... I miss her, I'm looking for her kapungerrek(a)? ...... how much? kamum ...... milk, breast kapuwa? .. , ., .. , .. , ., . what? what's happening? kananypal/kananypel ... baby girl (lit: woman with a digging stick) kara ...... later on karajpe ...... body kanarram ...... leaves, paper money, cheques karli ...... nephew, niece (see Table of Kin kangka ...... grandparent. grandchild (see Terms) Table of Kin Terms) karlumpuny ...... spear kangkakal ...... his/her own kangka (t) (see Table of Kin Terms) karlumpupany ...... baby boy (lit: man with a spear) kangkakanha ...... you (1) are in a kangka karninya? ...... what now? is there any? relationship (see Table of Kin karnkim ...... month(s), moons Terms)

UWURRIYANGSM KIJAM ;; =:.I karnkiny ...... moon kerarrpal ...... little girl who can crawl karntiwapam ...... plenty, a lot kerlalpam ...... lower leg kartakpu ...... cup, pannikin. billycan. receptacle kerlirrang ...... from the west = kerlirrangmilinnga ...... I come from the west :; kat ...... leave something/someone (cov) kat nimpiwurrupthangu .. I'm going to leave you kerliyirr ...... west kat nyilawurrunke ...... I'm leaving her kernanyjel ...... echidna = kernkak ...... die (cov) kat yampirruwurrupja .... we will ~eave them/this (n) ;a kernkak nginiwart ...... he died kat yintuwurrup! ...... (you-V leave me! kat yintuwurrupyarriyu! ... (you-1) leave us two! kernkakngarri :I nyanuwartja ...... she died kawangel ...... father's sister (aunt), woman's kernkam ...... raw, dead :.I great-granddaughter kerrij ...... finish, cease doing something (cov) kawangelngiya ...... from the aunt ;; kerrijkarri juwijtha ...... when you finish it .. . kawarnekili ...... to the blacksoil kertkarra penayanyji ..... he was cooking it :.I kawarnpu ...... blacksoil (gets very boggy in the wet season) Kija(m)/Kijampi...... the Kija language, word, story, utterance ;; kawayin ...... oh well, never mind Kijampirri ...... with/in the Kija language kawilikpu ...... becoming cold (cov) a Kijampurru ...... for/about the Kija language, kawirlikpu purruwunpu ... it is getting cold, they are getting for/about the Kija people cold ;; Kijapal ...... Kija woman (a woman who has kawurnpe ...... ashes the Kija language) ~ ~ kawurruny ...... Securinega melanthesioides Kijapany ...... Kija man (a man who has the Kija (a bush plant) language) a kaya? ...... where? Kijayurrung ...... into the Kija language :;; kayakili? ...... where to? kilingen ...... now, today kayi? ...... where? kilyingem ...... new a kayikana? ...... when? kilyingen ...... now, today kayimilila? ...... where does she come from? ~ kiningen ...... in the heart ~ kayirnilinhangu? ...... where do you (1) come from? kiningim ...... heart a koyfrnilinyo? ...... where does he come from? kinyane ...... the same place kaylpinya? ...... where from? kinyanekili ...... to the same place :;; koyiWd? ...... where? kipin ...... in the bush kelengen ...... now, today kipingarnam ...... things that come from the bush, a a kerok ...... after a while, later on thing (n) that comes from tbe bush

:;; A PIlRASEBOOI< OF TilE I

UWURRIYANGEM KIJAM kurntukany ...... little boy kurrkunkili...... into a hole kurrkuyurrung ...... into a hole kurrngakirrem ...... something used for water ego maj ...... touch, feel (cav) radiator, hose, bucket maj yinpimnha ...... you (1) will touch me kurrngam ...... water, grog majarr ...... be in pain (cav) kurrngapany ...... man who has water/grog, a . drunken man majarr nerne...... you (1) are in pain kurrngapawurru- ...... without water/grog majarr ngenarn ...... I am in pain kurrngawunyja ...... thirsty majarrim ...... two kurrngawunyjanmangu? . are you (1) thirsty? malmal ...... medicinal plant kurrngawunyjanngake ... I'm thirsty mamperre ...... wait! Kuwurrinype ...... the Gurindji language mamperre jarrak pernengirri ...... speak to me slowly manam ...... backside

mangan ...... wave (cav) L marlam ...... hand laarne ...... top, above, on top, clearly marlirnpal ...... new born baby girl lalartkirrem ...... for headaches (Ut: covered in algae/slime) lampungarnany ...... man who comes from Lamboo marlirnpany ...... new born baby boy Station (lit: covered in algae/slime) langkurnul...... woman marlukony ...... old man lart/lalart ...... have a headache (cav) marlukayilem ...... old men lartpu ...... have a headache (cav) marnejam ...... something hot, something like fire lartpu ngenartke ...... I have a headache marnem ...... fire lartpungarri pirriyan ...... when a headache goes away... . mornijanngake ...... I'm hot lingalinga ...... think, be thinking (cav) marra ...... go away, set oft depart, lingo.linga commence, begin (cav) ngelamenkente ...... I'm thinking marra ngenortke ...... I go away, I set off lingalingo. ngenarn ...... I'm thinking marra piyarr!...... (you-1) go away! Iingalingo. ngerne ...... he's thinking marro thet joneworenyo*. she killed herself Iingalingo.ngarri nyimenji . when he thinks about her. .. marra thet lukurrkirriny ...... something (m) for washing nyanewarenyo ...... she killed herself Lungko...... dialect of Kija morra thet nyanuwartja .. she killed herself

A PHRASEBOOK OF THE KIJA LANGUAGE tijpala nginaartji ... he died mayimpirri ...... with food marra yarrutja ...... we (including you) go mayimpurru ...... for/about food marra yintekpany ...... (you-1) take me away! mayipanngake ...... I've got food marra yintetha ...... (you-1) bring/take me! melakawuya ...... all of them, the whole lot marra yitja ...... you and I go melngarripany ...... doctor, Aboriginal doctor marrarn ...... go away. set off, depart, com melngarripanyningi ...... to the doctor mence, begin (cov) mengerr ...... push (cov) marrarn kat mengerr yarrayaja ...... we (including you) will push her yinawurrurtyuwu ...... he/she left us (including you) menkawu ...... get better (cov) marrarn nyanuwart ...... she departed (died) menkawu ngelamangke . I got better marrarn rurt yirrayanyji ... we (not including you) (did) put menkawu ngelamenke .. I get better her down menkawu- ...... good marrarn wethet yirrayiji ... we (not including you) threw her menkawuk ...... make someone/something good (cov) down menkawuk ngemperramenpe marrarna ...... go away. set off, depart, jaam ...... they please me (they make me commence (cov), begin (cov) feel good in the belly) marrarna kat menkawuk ngenamenji parruwurrumijju ...... (you-2) leave each other! jaam ...... he pleases me (he makes me feel marrarna kernkak good in the belly) nyanuwartja ...... she died menkawuk ngenamenya marrarna thetpany niwike I'm going to belt him jaam ...... she pleases me (she makes me marrarna warrkkala yarra let's dance feel good in the belly) marrarna wiji nyerne ..... she takes off menkawuk nyanemanyji . he made her feel good marrarna yartyart kinini* .. he had a fit menkawuk yinamenha .. you make me feel good marrarna yartyart nginini . he had a fit menkawukkarri junamenha ..... , ...... when you make it/them good .. . marrke ...... wait! menkawukkarri nyulunji .. when he puts her right ... marru ...... love, like (cov) . menkawukkirrem(pi) .... , medicine, something for making marru .nyilamenke ...... I love/like her someone/something better marru nyiliyinke ...... I love/like her menkawukngarri marru nyimenji ...... he loves her nimpirrimnhapurru ...... when it/they will make you feel mayarum ...... house, building good ... mayarunkili ...... to/into the house/building menkawukpa juwimnha? . can you (1) fix her? mayim(pi) ...... vegetables, cereals, bread, menkawumenkawum.... really good things, lots of good damper (non-meat food) things

YUWURRIYANGSM KIJAM I menkawumma ...... is it good? are they good? miyawiny/miyawuny ..... man who is good at getting :I women menkawunnga(ke) ...... I am well/fine, I am good (at I something) miyawul ...... woman who is good at getting menkawunngu ...... you (1) are well/fine, you (1) are men :I good (at something) miyawunngu(ngu) ...... you (1) are good with the opposite sex menkawuny ...... good thing/person (m) I menkawuwurrunnga(ke) . I'm not well mulurru ...... feel sad, feel sorry for someone (cov) :I menkawuya ." ...... really good mulurru ngenarn ...... I feel sad menkawuyijiyam ...... really good things, something (n) mulurru ngenarnnguyu ... I feel sorry for her I that is really good mulurru ngenarnnungu .. I feel sorry for him meraangarri- ...... long mulurru ngerne ...... he feels sad/sorry

I merelekpel ...... poor girl mungurr...... jealoust someone, be jealous (cov) :I merelekpiny ...... poor bloke mungurr nemenjiningi .... he is jealousing you merelekpu ...... make someone sorry (cov) mungurr I merlkam(a) ...... coins, change ngenamenjinungkuwa .. he's jealousing me because of you merlkayurrung ...... into smaller change mungurr ngenamenya ... she's jealousing me I mernmertkalim ...... police mungurr ngerne ...... he is jealous ;I merntam ...... paper money, paperbark mungurrma merrejinpu ...... medicine pirrimiyanpenunguwa? . do they get jealous of each other because of him? :; merrkern(pe) ...... three munkukalel ...... woman with an attractive minyjuwum ...... teeth I backside mirlim ...... liver munkukaliny ...... man with an attractive backside :; mirlimirli ...... paper munturr ...... take (cov) mirlimpirri ...... with the liver munturr yintekpany ...... (you-V take me! :; mirrjil ...... , ... , ...... boil murlum ...... eye(s) mirrjipannga ...... I've got a boil :I murlumpirri ...... with one's eyes mirrmirr...... shiver/shake (usually from fever) (cov) murlumpurru ...... forone's eyes :; mirrmirr ngenarn ...... I'm shivering" murlupiny ...... from one's eyes mirrmirr nginini ...... he shivered mirrngem(pi) ...... face murlupirri ...... with one's eyes murungkurruny ...... doctor, Aboriginal doctor miya:le/miyalem ...... meat, game miyalkeny ...... for meat/game mutikampirri ...... with a car, using a car miyalpawurrunnga ...... I've got no meat muwulum ...... forehead

A PHRASSBOOl< OF THS KIJA LANGU t See Cultural Note pAD nentemkenungu ...... I want to get something for him nerne ...... , .... , .. you (1) say/do it nernengarri...... when you (1) say (it) .. . naangari(l) ...... woman's skin name nernengirri...... you (1) are speaking to me nak ...... be quiet stop moving/going (cov) nimpirn ...... :. you (1) will say/do it nak nyimpiyanya ...... she will not go (any further) nimpirnngirri ...... you (1) will say/do it to me nak perrayi ...... it/they stopped going nimpiyanhangake ...... you (1) will come for me nak piyarra! ...... : ... (you-1) shut up and go away! ningkiwi-/ningkuwu- ..... fellow countryman/relation nakaja- ...... like a pubic covering/loincloth ningkiwilngake ...... she is my countryman/relation nakam ...... pubic covering/loincloth ningkiwinyngake ...... he is my countryman/relation nakarra(l) ...... woman's skin name ningkuwunngungake .... you (1) are my countryman/ relation nalijam ...... tea ninpemke ...... I will get them/some naminyji(lj) ...... woman's skin name nita ...... you (1) are going nampin(el) ...... woman's skin name numurlunhangu ...... I have/hofd/keep/look after you (1) nangala(l) ...... woman's skin name nunanykengu ...... I brought/took them for you (1), nanini...... you (1) said/did it I brought/took some for you (1) naniningiyi...... you (1) said/did it to her nuntajkeni ...... I want to put them on him naniyinha ...... you (1) came/went nanuwarta ...... you (1) fell, you (1) were born nawan ...... hole/cave nawarra- ...... big, important nawarrampirri ...... with something big, to the ngajikal ...... his/her sister; his/her cousin (t) important people ngajinngungu ...... you (1) are in a brother/sister nawarranhawum ...... always big relationship to someone nawarrapal ...... woman with something big ngajiny...... brother; cousin (m) (see Table of Kin Terms) nawarrapany ...... man with something big ngakenyil/ngakinyel ..... mine (t) nawarrawu ...... become big, grow up (cov) ngakenyinngu(ngu) ..... you (1) are mine nawarrawu ngenayinte .. I grew up nawarrawu nyitja ...... she's getting bigger ngakenyji ...... mine (m) nawarrawu wumenji ..... he's getting bigger ngakinyin ...... at my place nengkerrapen ...... you (2) ngakinyinkili ...... to my place ngakinyinngu(ngu) ...... you (1) are mine nengkerrawan ...... you (more than two) n~nrdt'Arri\lnnnAm ...... your (more than two) ngakinype ...... my things, my thing (n)

YUWURRIYANGSM KIJAM ::I

:z ngalany ...... sing (cav) ngarak nunpumkengu ... I'll make it/some for you (1) ngalany ngurramangpu .. they sang him (cast a spell on him ngarakkarri jinpimnha .... when you will make it/them ... = by singing) ngarakkirrem ...... for making something, about mak- :.I ngalen(ta) ...... she ing something ngalewanytha ...... on her own, by herself ngarayi ...... find (cav) ngalewarriny ...... on her own, by herself ngarayi nginuwunya ..... she found him =- ngalil ...... woman ngarayi nyanuwun ...... he found her ~...... ngalilma? ...... is it a woman?· ngarejam ...... like honey a ngalimpurru ...... for women, about women ngarem(pj) ...... bush honey, sugarbag ngalingalim ...... several women ngaremperra ...... from honey a ngalipa ...... tell lies (cav) ngarli ...... settle down (cav) ngalipa nginini ...... he lied ngarli nyimpuwunya ..... she will settle down

Cl ngalipanhawunngu ..... you (1) are a liar ngarlipa ...... tell lies (cav) a ngaliwanytha ...... on her own, by herself ngarlipa nerne ...... you (1) are lying ngaliwarriny ...... on her own, by herself ngarliwu nguwirn ...... he will settle down :::I ngalngalpawurrunkili .... to a quiet place ngarra ...... know, recognise (cav) ngamarranykany ...... it was a snake that .. . ngarra nemenke ...... I know him == ngamungamumpi ...... long ago ngarrangkarnim ...... dreaming, dreamtime a ngamungamungum ..... long ago ngarriwalurn/ ngamungamungumpurru . about long ago, about the early ngarriwarlurn ...... later on, any time a days ngarrkalem(pj) ...... stones, hills, money, coins, heart ngamungamungun ...... long ago ngarrkalen ...... in the hills, in the heart a ngamungum ...... long ago ngartpen ...... stink (cav) a ngamungun ...... long ago ngartpen nita ...... you (1) stink ngamunguny ...... old thing (m) ngayin(tj) ...... I, me a ngankerre ...... jaw ngayinkamiyi ...... me too nganungkum ...... arm ngayinkany ...... It was I who .. . ~ ngapu(ny) ...... father (see Table of Kin Terms) ngayiwanytha ...... on my own, by myself -::; ngapukany ...... his/her father ngayiwarriny ...... on my own, by myself ;; ngapukanyni(ngi) ...... to his/her father ngelakurlurr...... to the east ngapuwalungkal ...... originating from his/her father ngelel/ngelela/ngeleli ... she, this (t) :I ngarak ...... make, repair (cav) ngelyak- ...... white ngarak jampirrimnha .... you (more than 1) make it/some ngenani...... I said/did it :; A PHRASEBaOI( OF THE KIJA "ANGUAGl> == ngiwiyan ...... he will go I'lgenanke ...... I sit I am in a place ngiwunji ...... he is falling/going down rigenarn ...... I say, I do (it) ngiyi ...... yes, that's right ngenartke ...... I go ngiyima? ...... isn't that right? ngenawarrenji ...... he burns me, I'm burning ngulnga ...... wife, husband, girlfriend, boyfriend, ngenawarrenji muwulum . I've got a fever darling ngenawartke ...... I fell, I was born ngulnga- ...... spouse ngenayin ...... 1came, I went rigulngakal ...... his wife/girlfriend ngenayinte ...... I was going ngulngakalnguyu ...... for his wife/girlfriend, because of ngeneka/ngenengka .... here his wife/girlfriend ngenengkayana ...... right here ngulngakany ...... her husband/boyfriend ngerne ...... he says/does it ngulngakanynungu ...... for her husband/boyfriend, ngertiyinngirri ...... let him stay with me because of her nginimanya ...... she got him husband/boyfriend nginini ...... he said/did (it) ngulngangulnga ...... make love, go around flirting, go around sleazing (cov) nginininingki ...... he said/did it to you (1) nginiwarenji ...... he hit/killed himself ngulngangulnga yaringirrij ...... let's (you and I) make love nginiwart(ji) ...... he fell, he was born ngulngangulngangarri nginiwartjingarri ...... when he fell ..., when he was ngerne ...... when he f1irts/sleazes around .. . born ... ngulungulun ...... in the afternoon, evening, nginiyin ...... he came/went yesterday nginiyitji ...... he hit him, he gave me ngumparnel ...... wife, girlfriend nginpiji...... he will hit/kill me ngumurlunya ...... he is holding her, he is looking nginpijiwanyji ...... he might hit me after her nginpirn ...... I will say/do it nguny ...... get angry (cov) nginpirnningki...... I will say/do it to you (1) nguny nyinpuwunya ..... she will sulk nginpiyan ...... I will go ngunyjum ...... tobacco nginpuwun ...... I'll fall ngurlanyaliny ...... '. more, again

nginyjiny ...... this (m) ngurluk...... drink (cov) nginyjinyma? ...... is it this one (mY? ngurlukkarri ...... when someone drinks .. .

ngirripawurrunnga ...... I'm from a long way away ngurlukkayan ...... keep on drinking (cov) ngitji ...... he goes ngurlukkayan ngiwinjimaningki? ...... can he stay with you (1)? parrernkili! ...... you (more than two) keep on drinking! ngiwinjinte ...... he will be staying

YUWURRIYANGSM KIJAM ngurlukkirrem ...... for drinking, something to drink nguwangarnal ...... something (f) that won't .. . ngurlukngarri perraniyu .. when two people were drinking ... nguwangarnan ...... no, nothing ngurlukpa nanini? ...... did you (1) drink? nguwangarnannga(ke) .. not me, I've got nothing ngurlukpawurrunnga .... I've got nothing to drink nguwirnningki ...... he will speak/do it to you (1) ngurlukpu ...... a drink

ngurlurluk ...... be drinking (cav) ngurlurlukkirrem ...... something for drinking Nb ngurlurlukkirreny ...... something for drinking ngurr(ngurr)kajil ...... car, truck, bus nhawun(tj) ...... he, him ngurr(ngurr)kalil ...... car, truck, bus nhawuwanytha ...... on his own, by himself ngurr(ngurr)kirrel ...... car, truck, bus nhawuwarriny...... on his own, by himself

ngurranype ...... they took him nhempat ...... sink, get bogged, get stuck (cav) ngurrilinpu ...... they (do) put him nhempat yarrewun ...... we (including you) will sink/get

ngurriny/ngurruny ...... he, that (m) bogged/get stuck ngurrngurrkirrem ...... cars, trucks, buses, motor nhuwulungu ...... you (1) stink ngurrngurrkirrempurru .... for the motor, for cars ngurrngurrul ...... car, truck, bus ngurru-...... that one over there

ngurrul(j) ...... that one (f) nyaajarri(l) ...... woman's skin name ngurrum(a) ...... those, that thing (n) nyakany(ji) ...... mother's brother (uncle) ngurrun(ti) ...... over there nyakanyjinuwa ...... from the uncle ngurrungarnannga ...... I'm from that place nyakanykurriny ...... your uncle ngurrunkili ...... • to that place nyakayi ...... mother's brother (term of address) ngurruri ngeniyinji ...... he speaks about me behind my back nyamananim ...... elderly women, white women ngurruri!ngurriri...... speak about someone behind nyamanel ...... elderly woman, white woman their back (cav) nyamanpu ...... become an old woman (cav) ngurruwam ...... those people/things nyamanpu wumenya .... she is getting old nguwan ...... no, nothing, not, can't do it, don't nyanakawun ...... in the river ( do it nyanemanya ...... she got her :>" '. nguwana ...... can't do it, don't do it nyanemurlaartji ...... he held her, he looked after her == maybe not a nguwananyji...... nyanini ...... she said/did it nguwanijiyan! ...... absolutely not, no way! nyanininingki...... she said/did it to you (1)

A PIlRASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUAGS nyaniyinya ...... , .. she came/went nyingangkurrul ...... your (1) (t) nyanuwartja ...... she fell, she went down. she was nyingangkurrum ...... your (1) (n/pt) born nyingannungkuwa ...... from you (1), because of you (1) nyanuwartjangarri ...... when she fell ... , when she was nyitja ...... she comes/goes born ... nyitjante ...... she is coming/going nyarlany ...... solid, deadly (handsome, nyitjawanyjiningi...... she might be going with him dependable, reliable, steadfast) nyumurlunji ...... he has/holds/keeps/looks after her nyarli ...... -... become crippled (cov) nyungkayam ...... OK. alright. good bye nyarli wanama ...... he became crippled nyungkayanmangu? ., .. are you (1) alright? nyarliwiny ...... crippled man nyungkayannga(ke) ..... I am alright nyawana(l) ...... woman's skin name nyungkayanngu ...... you (1) are alright nyawanannga ...... I am Nyawana (skin) nyungkayapanngu ...... you (1) have something/ someone nyawurruO) ...... woman's skin name so you are alright

nyerne ...... she says/does it nyuny ...... blow nose (cov) nyernengu ...... she says/does it for/because of nyunykala puma ...... (you-1) blow your nose! you (1) nyuwulngarnany ...... man from the south nyikan(ti) ...... at night nyikankukili ...... into the night time nyikawa ...... tomorrow nyilamurlunke ...... I have/hold/keep/look after her nyimperrayitpe ...... they/it (did) hit her paampaampuny...... fat boy nyimperriyajpe ...... they will put her pakardim ...... strong, spicy

nyimpilawu- ...... new born baby paku ...... ; ...... lie down. sleep (cov) nyimpinya ...... she is in a place pakukirrem ...... in order to lie down/sleep nyimpinyangarri...... when she is there .. . paliyarram ...... thigh, upper leg nyimpirn ...... she will say/do it pamperranyju ...... (you-2) bring it! nyimpiyanya ...... she will go pamperranyngirri...... (you-2 or more) bring it to me! nyimpuwunya ...... she will fall/go down pananpe ...... road nyimuk nyimperrayit ..... they submerged her. they made pangariny/ her dive in pangarinywarriny ...... two nyingan/ nyingen/ panyjale ...... on the blanket nyinganti ...... you (1) papij janawurran ...... you burnt her. you cooked it (t) nyingangkurriny / papjinkili ...... to the pub nyingangkurruny ...... your (1) (m)

UWURRIYANG6M I

::,'y u w u a R I Y A If GEM I< I J A M :I rangka nginini ...... he heard taan ...... at home, in the camp, in the :I. country, in some particular country rangka nyilanyke ...... I heard her taankili...... towards one's home, towards rangkakala ...... listen! one's country •• rangkakala perne ...... (you-1) listen! :& taawal ...... woman who belongs to the rangkakala country, traditional owner yimperrikpany ...... (you-2 or more) listen to me! taawany ...... man who belongs to the country, •• rangkakala traditional owner 3, yimperriktha ...... (you-2 or more) listen to me! tal/tala/tali ...... that (t) rangkakala a yintekpany ...... (you-1) listen to me! tom ...... that (n), those rangkakala yintetha ..... (you-1) listen to me! tamka/tampa/tampi .... that (n), those ::I tampurru ...... for those, because of those, rangkama jananynha? .. did you (1) hear her/him? because of that rangkama junayinha? ... did you (1) hear it/them? a tan ...... that place rangkangarri...... when someone listens .. . tang ...... break down (cov) rangkangarri nunaanke .. when I hear it/them ... , when I == listen to it/them ... tang nginiwart ...... he broke down tangempi ...... after a while :a reminy ...... be thirsty (cov) reminy ngenayin ...... I'm thirsty tany/tanya/tanyi ...... that (m) == reminyma naniyi? ...... are you (1) thirsty? tanyaningki...... there he is tanyja ...... be flat, go down (cov) :m rerr ...... pull (cov) rerr yarritja ...... we (including you) will pull her/him tanyja nyanuwart ...... it (feminine ego car) has gone flat/gone down z rerrkirrem...... for pulling tanyjak ...... become flat, go down (cov) rungalka ...... sugar :a tanyjak wanama ...... it (feminine ego car) has gone rurram ...... grass :I flat/gone down furrij ...... swear (cov) tanyjakpu nyuwarrenji ... it (feminine ego car) is going :u rurrij perramiyanpiyu ..... two people are swearing at each down/going flat other taparuny ...... pelican rurt ...... sit down, put down (cov) tarrkikrikjin .. ; ...... in Turkey Creek •::; tarrkikrikwangkunngake .. I was born in Turkey Creek tawarr ...... hit (cov) '1' tawarr nginpiji ...... he will hit me = taam ...... country, home, camp tawarr ::; taampurru ...... about country, for country nimperrayithapurru ..... they hit you (1)

A PllAASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUASE •= tijpaJa ...... die (cov) towung ...... have a good feeling about something/someone (love, like, tijpala nginiwartji ...... he died believe in, trust) (cov) timpukalel ...... woman with nice legs towung nanemangu .... I loved/liked/trusted you (1) tinyjirr ...... sneeze (cov) tawung nemenhangu ... I love/like/trust you (1) tinyjirr ngelamante ...... I was sneezing tawung nunamenke ..... I like it/them, I love it/them tiyama ...... those are the ones tawungpungarri...... when someone loves tiyana ... : ...... right there someone/something ... tUlpum ...... heart tawungpungarri nginjintengiyi tulpun ...... in the heart kiningen ...... he is in her heart tumukaliny ...... male with lots of hair tawungpungarri nyinyanteningi tumum ...... head, hair ngarrkalen ...... she is in his heart tumupawurriny ...... male with no hair tek ...... look, see, look for (cov) tupankili...... to a warm place tek nanemanhangu ..... I saw you (1) tupayurrung ...... to a warm place tek ngenarnnguyu ...... I look for her tuyutampurru ...... for a four-wheel drive tek ngenarnnungu ...... I look for him tek nimpimnhangu ...... I will see you (1) tek ninamangke ., ...... I saw him tek nyilamangke ...... I saw her tek tanemanhangu* .... . 1saw you (1) (tek nanemanhangu) tek timpimnhangu* ...... I will see you (1) (tek nimpimnhangu) thalngarr ...... snappy gum tekkarra ...... be looking (cov) thamanyil ...... mother's father's sister. female cross-cousin (see Table of Kin tekkarra nemenhangal .. she is looking at you (1) Terms) tekkarra nemenjini ...... he is looking at you (1) t thamanyilngake ...... my thamany (t) (see Table of Kin temtem ...... jealous someone, be jealous (cov) Terms) temtem ngerne ...... he is jealous thamanyji ...... mother's father. mother's father's temtem ngernenguyu ... he is jealousingt her. he is jealous brother. male cross-cousin (see other Table of Kin Terms) temtem nyernengake .. , she is jealousingt me, she is jealous thamanypu ...... grandfathers, cross-cousins of me thatkarri nginji...... when he is standing .. . teperr...... be broken (cov) thep...... shut (cov) teperr nyanuwartqa) ..... she fell and broke herself (eg. a thep nyimperrayangpe .. they (did) shut it (t) bone), she broke down therrngan ...... have a fit (coy) teperrngel...... broken (f) t See cultural note, pAD

YUWURRIYANGEM I

:a therrngan ngerne ...... he had .a fit wajjaliny pernengirri ..... (you-1) give me some more, (you-1) give me another thet ...... hit. kill (cov) :u thet kiniwarenji* ...... he killed himself (thet nginiwarenjD wajkarri ...... when somebody gives .. . thet nginiwarenji ...... he killed himself wajkarri nunayitkeningki ...... when you (1) gave it/them to thet nginiwartji ...... he killed himself = me ... ::I thet perrawarenpiyu ..... two people (did) hit each other wajngarri :I thetpany ...... hit, kill (cov) nunayitkeningki ...... wl)en you (1) gave it/them to thulnguny ...... smoke (cov) me ... :I thulnguny ngerne ...... he smokes wajpala ...... white person :I thulngunyngarri ...... when someone is smoking .. . wajpalakirrem ...... for white people thulngunyngarri ngerne .. when he is smoking ... wajpalangem ...... from white people 11 thurrururu ...... take a fit. have a stroke (cov) wajpalapiny ...... from white people thurrururu nginini ...... he took a fit. he had a stroke walaji ...... put the hard word on somebody 11 thuwungel(a)? ...... what is her skin name? for something (cov), coerce thuwungenhangu? ...... what is your (1) skin name? walaji yinperta ...... you (1) will put the hard word on me thuwunginy(a)? ...... what is his skin name? • walampum ...... rib-bones 11 thuwungum(a) ? ...... what is their skin name? Walkrikjin ...... in Halls Creek thuwurra? ...... what are they? what is it? Walkrikyurrung ...... to Halls Creek 11 thuwurrawu? ...... what for? why? walurrjanngake ...... I'm hot thuwuthupawurrunngake. I don't have anything :1 walurrpa- ...... hot ..I!!'I!IIII wanama ...... he said/did if, he became wangala ...... be mentally abnormal (crazy, 11 mad, drunk, stoned, stupid) (cov) waj ...... give, throw (cov) wangala nerne ...... you (1) are mad It waj junayithangirri ...... you (1) gave it/them to me wangala ngerne ...... he's mad, he's drunk, he's stoned waj nunpemkeningki. .... I'll give it/them to you (1) etc. !!!M~.. waJ pernengirri...... (you-1) give it/them to me! wangala- ...... mentally abnormal (crazy, mad, rI wajpinpijtningki ...... he will give them/some to you (1) drunk, stoned, stupid) waj pirringirriyan ...... they give to each other wangalak(pD ...... make someone mad (cov) !!'!I!I!...• • waj tunpemkeningki* .... I'll give it/them to you (1) (waj nun wangalakpi yinamenha .. you (1) are driving me mad ;; pemkeningkD wangalanngu ...... you (1) are mad wajjaliny ...... give more, give again (cov) wangalawu ...... become mad (cov) :I A PHRAS£BOOl< OF THE I

UWURRIYANGSM 1(IJAM wiji ...... run (cav) yakengel/yakengela/ yakengeli ...... another thing (I), a different wiji nginini ...... he ran thing (t) wiji nyimpirn ...... she will run yakengempirri ...... with another. .. , with a different ..., wiji yarrirn ...... we (including you) will run to the others wijikalel ...... good runner (t) yakengepam ...... (it has/they havel [another/a wijikengarri differentl one nyimperramenpe ...... they make her run, it makes her yakenginy ...... another thing (m), a different run thing (m) wikil ...... daughter yakurn ...... tell lies (cav) wingkernangku! ...... strewth! oh my god! yakurn nerne ...... you (1) are lying winyangkaarral ...... little girl yakurnnhawunngungu ... you (1) are a liar winyangkaarrany ...... little boy yalijke ...... make someone tired/weak (cav) winyangki-...... small yalijke ngenamenji ...... he makes me weak winyanyangkempi ...... children yalijke ngenamenya ..... she makes me weak wiyile ...... wheel yalijke yinamenha ...... you (1) are exhausting me wupu ...... cook (on coals) (cav) yampil ...... be slow (cav) wupu penayitji ...... he cooked it yampil- ...... slow wupukirrem ...... about cooking, for cooking yampirrajapirri ...... we (including you) will put some wupunge- ...... cooked thing into it wurum ...... soup, stew. gravy, oil yampirrimnyangarri ...... when we (including you) will get wurung ...... catch (cav) them/it wurung juwimnha ...... you (1) will catch him/her yangelo? ...... who? (f) wuspitale ...... at the hospital yangelanyji ...... someone (t), I don't know who (f) wuspitelakili...... to the hospital yangirnanyji ...... someone (m), I don't know who (m)

yangirni? ...... who? (m)

yangurra? ...... who? (pI) y yarren ...... we, us (not including you) yarrepen ...... we, us (him/her and I but not you) yakawarla- ...... bad yarriyan ...... we (including you) will go yakengam ...... other, another, different yarriyangem ...... belonging to us (not including you) yakengarram ...... others yarrutjangarri ...... when we (including you) yakenge-...... other, another, different come/go ...

A PHAASEBOOlC OF THE I

,:. Y U W U R R I Y A N GEM I( I J A M :a :m ", ~ JPUNJDlS • 8;;,~' -,. 11 Aboriginal man ...... jiyiliny ba by ...... jangata- ~R~ Aboriginal people ..... jiyiJem baby boy ...... karlumpupany. jangatany. • above ...... laame marlimpany absolutely! ...... wentha kapa! baby girl ...... kananypal,jangatal, rnarlimpal = absolutely not! ...... nguwanijiyan! have a baby ...... wethet (cov) :11 after a while ...... tangempi, kerak backside ...... manam 11 afternoon, in the ...... ngulungulun bad ...... yakawarla-, yilkuwurru-, yiJkuwurri- afterwards ...... partun be bad ...... yilkuwurru (cov) 11 again ...... ngurlanyaliny become bad ...... yilkuwurri (cov), yilkuwurru (cov) aggressive ...... wariwu- make someone feel 13 make someone bad ...... yilkuwurruk aggressive ...... wariwuk (cov) baking powder ...... ramperampem 11 alcohol ...... kurmgam, ngurlukpu battery (car) ...... tam wijikengarri nyimperramenpe ::1 all of them ...... melakawuya beautiful ...... jalungurru-jjumanykarra- alright ...... jirrayam, nyungkayam because of that...... wayinikana ::; always ...... jimarrawun. jimarrawuk(ta) begin ...... marra (cov), marrarn (cov), marrarna (cov)

;.;.;iII!I'!I angry, be ...... yilkuwurru (cov) behind ...... partun. partunginy. partungali, ~ partupiny become angry ...... nguny (cov), warinypu (cov), yi/kuwurri a (cov), yilkuwurru (cov) believe in, ...... marru (cov), tawung (cov), warta (cov) make someone angry . yilkuwurruk (cov), kangkerrke (cov) belly ...... jaam, jarum m another ...... yakenge-, yakenga-, yakengi- better, get/become ..... menkawu appear ...... perap (cov) big ...... nawarra- a arm ...... nganungkum become big ...... nawarrawu (cov) 11 arouse ...... yuwarrke (cov) billycan ...... kartakpu become aroused .... . yuwarr (cov) birth. give ..... ; ...... wethet (cov) ashes ...... kawumpe bite ...... wert (cov) at ...... -n, -jin blacksoil ...... kawampu aunt (father's sister) ...... kawangel (see Table of Kin Terms) blanket. on the ...... panyjale aware ...... pinarri- blind man ...... jarlpurruny

becoming aware ..... pinarriwu (cov) blood ...... kungulum

A PIlRASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUAGE >blow one's nose ...... nyuny (cov;) boab tree ...... jumuluny . body ...... karajpe camp ...... taam bogged, get ...... nhempat (cov) in the camp ...... taan boil ...... pun any (cov), punanypunany (cov) can't ...... nguwan, nguwana boil, a ...... mirrjiJ car ...... ngurr(ngurr)kajiJ, ngurr(ngurr)kalil, bottle ...... jimpirlany ngurr(ngurr)kirre/, ngurrngurrul boy...... wanyakiny cards ...... purujkirrem(pi) little boy ...... wanyakiny, wanyangkiny, carry ...... wantaj (cov), wantawantaj (cov) winyangkaarrany, wanyakaarrany, catch ...... wurung (cov) wanyakuwarrany, kurntukany cave ...... nawan baby boy ...... karlumpupany, jangatany, cease doing something .. kerrij (cov), kirrij (cov) marlirnpany cereals ...... mayim, mayimpi fat boy ...... paampaampuny change ...... kurnakrcov) teenage boy ...... purnangkiliny, wanyjiliny change (coins, notes) .... merlkam(a) boyfriend ...... ngulngany, ngumparnany cheeky ...... wariwu- brain ...... kungkulum cheque ...... kanarram bread ...... mayim, mayimpi child ...... wanyaki-, kurntuka- break down ...... tang (cov) children ...... wanyanyakim(pi), winyanyangkem(pi), breast ...... kamum kurnturntukam bring back ...... piri (cov), piriwu (cov) clearly ...... laarne broken ...... teperrnge- coerce ...... walaji (cov) be broken ...... teperr (cov) coins ...... ngarrkalem(pi), merlkam(a) brother (see Table of cold (sickness) ...... kungkurr, kunthurr Kin Terms) ...... ngajiny, pulungu(ny), pariyi(ny) cold, become ...... kawilikpu (cov) building ...... mayarum come here ...... piyany wuraj burn ...... papij (cov) come to me ...... piyanynhangirri bus ...... ngurr(ngurr)kajil, ngurr(ngurr)kalil, come out ...... perap (cov) ngurr(ngurr)kirrel, ngurrngurrul commence ...... marra (cov), marrarn (cov), marrarna (cov) bush, from the ...... kipingarna- cook (on coals) ...... wupu (cov), kert (cov) in the bush ...... kipin cooked ...... wupunge-

tlWURRIYANGSM KIJAM I down ...... yi/ok corroborees ...... junpam downhill ...... yi/ak I cough ...... kunthurr (cov) kuni cough (sickness) ...... kungkurr. kunthurr dream ...... be dreaming ...... kunikuni (cov) country ...... taam • Dreamtime/Dreaming ... ngarrangkarnim 11 in the country ...... taan drink ...... ngurluk (cov), ngurlurluk (cov) countryman ...... ningkiwi-/ningkuwu- drink, a ...... ngurlukpu cousin (see Table of • Kin Terms) ...... ' ... ngaji-,thamany- drip ...... jintak (cov), jinfakjintak (cov) • crazy ...... wangala- drunk ...... wangala- be drunk ...... wangala (cov) :I be crazy ...... wangala (cov) crippled man ...... nyarliwiny dry, make something .... perrji/ke (cov)

:a become crippled ..... nyarli (cov) cross-cousin (see Table of • Kin Terms) ...... ngaji-, thamany- cup ...... ka~akpu D ear ...... ya~em ;I eat ...... jang (cov), jangjang (cov) echidna ...... kernanyjel ;& end, the ...... kirrijpe/kirrijpu damper ...... mayim, mayimpi evening, in the ...... ngulungulun

;I darling ...... ngulnga-, ngumparna- exchange ...... kurnak (cov) daughter (See Table of eye(s) ...... murlum a Kin Terms) ...... wikil, ngapul, ngalangangel :I dead ...... kern ka- demonstrate ...... jirri (cov) I!IloiIIIIIIII ~ depart ...... marra (cov), marram (cov), marrarna (cov) face ...... mirrngem(pO devil ...... juwarri- fall down ...... pa~arl (cov) a die ...... kernkak (cov), tijpala (cov) far ...... ngirripawurru- different ...... yakenge-, yakenga-, yakengi- 11 fat boy ...... paampaampuny disease ...... kajim feel ...... maj (cov) doctor ...... melngarripany, parumanypiny, murungkurruny feel sad/sorry ...... mulurru (cov) dog ...... jula- find ...... ngarayi (cov) don't ...... nguwan, nguwana finish ...... kerrij (cov), kirrij (cov)

A PIlRASEBOOI< OF TilE I

":"J game ...... purujkirrem(pj) ··11····.. . get ...... piji (cov) hair ...... tumum ghost ...... juwarri- hand ...... marlam girlfriend ...... ngulnga/, ngumpame/ handsome ...... ja/ungurru-,.jumanykarra- give ...... waj (cov) hOppy, be ...... ku/uku/u (cov) give me! ...... yintiyi(nha),waj pernengirri have ...... -pa- go awoy (set off) ...... marra (cov), marram (cov), marrama (cov) . I . /. / ./ he ...... nhawun(it), ngurriny, ngurruny go away...... plYarr.~ PlYarro .• marra PlYorr. head ...... kungku/um. tumum go back ...... piri (cov). piriwu (cov) headache, have a ...... ·lOOlla/art (cov) go down (eg.tyre. hear ...... rangka (cov) battery) ...... tanyja (cov), tanyjak (cov) good ...... menkawu- heart ...... ; kiningim, tulpum, ngarrka/em good Rye ...... ,jirrayam, nyungkayam in the heart ...... kiningen, ngarrkalen, tu/pun

u W U R.. R I YeA N.G S.~ K IJ.A.M heavy ...... jumpu-, nawarra- her ...... nga/en, nga/enta, nge/e/, nge/e/a, nge/eJi I here ...... ngenengka, ngeneka, perrem, ... '" ...... ngayin(ti) perrempi, perrema, perremka important ...... nawarra- . right here ...... ngenengkayana in ...... -n, -jin herself. by ...... nga/ewarriny, ngaJiwarriny, injection ...... kur/urrkirrem ngaJiwanytha inside ...... yilikin hey! ...... we/a!, wer/ayit instruct ...... pinarrik (cav) hills ...... ngarrka/em(pi) intelligent ...... yartepa- in the hills ...... ngarrka/en him ...... nhawunOt), ngurriny, ngurruny himself. by ...... nhawuwarriny, nhawuwanytha

hit ...... thet (cav), thetpany (cav), tawarr (cav), Jaru (a language) ...... Jarum hit with hand ...... penyek (cav) Jaru man ...... Jarupany hit with something ..... ja/murrk (cav) jaw ...... ngankerre hole ...... nawan, kurrkun t jealous someone ...... temtem (cav), mungurr (cav) into a hole ...... kurrkunkili, kurrkuyurrung, I be jealous of someone/ nawanekili something ...... temtem (cav), mungurr (cav) =- home ...... taam • home, at ...... taan honey, bush ...... ngarem(pi) horrible ...... jikili- I< • kangaroo (gen) ••••••••••• jiyirriny =.I hospital ...... wuspita/ hill kangaroo ...... parawu/ at the hospital ...... wuspita/e 11 Kija language...... Kijam, Kijampi hot ...... wa/urrpa-, wa/urrja-, marnija- Kija man ...... Kijapany house ...... mayarum Kija woman ..... '.' ... Kijapa/ • how much? ...... kapungerrek(a) kill ...... thet (cav), thetpany (cav), tawarr (cav) ::I hungry ...... kurninya- kiss ...... puny (cav), punypuny (cav) husband ...... ngu/ngany, ngumparnany 11 know ...... ngarra (cav)

beginning to know .... pinarriwu (cav) :I knowing/ knowledgeable ...... pinarri- t See cultural note pAD A PHRASEBOOK OF THE KIJA LANGUAGE liver. .... , ...... mirlim loincloth ...... , ...... jaanim, nakam long ...... meraangarri- long ago ...... , ... ngamungamum(pj), language ...... jarrakpe, jarrakpu, jarrakpi ngamu(ngamu)ngun. warnarram lcater on ...... kara, kerak, ngarriwalurn, ngarriwar/urn, tangempi look ...... tek (cov) look around for : ...... piya (cov), tek (cov), kaman (cov) lazy ...... , , ...... , ... wangkar/ leak ..... , ; ...... jintak (cov), jintakjintak (cov) 'look out! ...... yurru! learn ...... , ...... pinarrikpu, pinarriwu lots of ...... karntiwapam, waringarrim, me/akawum leave ...... marra (cov), marrarn (cov), love ...... , ..... marru (cov), tawung (cov), warta (cov) marrarna (cov) leave (something/ someone) ...... kat (cov) leaves ...... , .... kanarram left behind when someone mad, .. , ...... wangala- dies. be ...... wayikuk (cov) be mad ...... wanga/a (cov) left side .... , ...... warukupiny become mad ...... wanga/awu (cov) leg, lower ...... ker/a/pam make someone mad .. wanga/ak(pj) (cov) leg, upper ...... paliyarram liar ...... ngalipanhawu-, yakurnnhawu-, make ...... ngarak (cov) make fun of ...... pirriman (cov), kunyjiri (cov), lie ...... nga/ipa (cov), ngarlipa (cov), yakurn (cov) pirrkawirrka (cov) lie down ...... paku (cov) make love ...... ngu/ngangulnga (cov) light (Le. not heavy) ..... ramperampem make something like (someone/something) marru (cov), tawung (cov), warta (cov) submerge ...... , . nyimuk (cov) like that ...... wayini, wayiniya man ...... jiyiliny listen .... , ...... rangka (cov) many ...... waringarrim, me/akawum, little ...... wanyake-/wanyaki- karntiwapam little boy .. , ...... junguliny. kirlipany. kurntukany. marijuana ...... kanyja/kanyjampe warwakiny. wanyangkiny. wanyakaarrany. wanyakuwarrany maybe ...... -anyji, -wanyji little girl ...... kananypa/, kirlipa/, kurnawul. maybe not ..... , ..... nguwananyji wanyakaarral, wanyakil, me . , ...... , . ngayin(fj) wanyakuwarral, winyangkaarral. me too ...... , .. , .. , ngayinkamiyi kurntukal

UWURRIYANGSM KIJAiIi I 11 meaning ...... jarrakpu, jarrakpi north, comes from the . puyurrungmili- meat ...... miyalem Northern Rosella ...... kultanykultanyel I medicine ...... merrejinpu, menkawukkirrem(pO not ...... nguwan,nguwana D men ...... jiyilem nothing ...... nguwan, nguwangarnan mentally abnormal ...... wangala- now ...... kelengen, kilingen, kilyingen 11 be mentally abnormal. wangala (cov) milk ...... kamum III mine ...... , ...... ngakeny-

miss someone ...... kaman (cov) D oh well ...... kawayin money ...... kanarram, merntam, ngarrkalem oil ...... wurum fI month ...... karnkim, jawurranype OK ...... jirrayam, nyungkayam 11 moon ...... karnkiny old ...... ngamu(ngamu)ngu- more ...... ngurJanyaliny old man ...... kurakurany, marlukany mother...... kural old men ...... marlukayilem • motor ...... ngurrngurrkirrem old woman ...... nyamanel :I my ...... ngakeny- . old woman, myself. by ...... ngayiwanytha, ngayiwarriny fI become an ...... nyamanpu (cov) old women ...... nyamananim :I one ...... jirrawuku-, jirrawu- :I N other ...... yakenge-, yakenga-, yakengi- name ...... yinginype others ...... yakengarram :I neck ...... werlam our (belonging to all of us, including you) ...... yuwurriyange-, yuwurrayange- nephew (see Table of :I Kin Terms) ...... karli our (belonging to us, not including you) ... yarriyange- never mind ...... kawayin :I over there ...... ngurrun(tO new ...... kilyingem own, on her...... ngalewarriny, ngaliwarriny. 11 niece (see Table of ngaliwanytha . Kihferms) ...... karlil own, on his ...... nhawuwarriny, nhawuwanytha 11 nighHrme ...... nyikan(tO own, on my...... ngayiwanytha, ngayiwarriny no.; .•...... nguwan, nguwangarnan ' .... ~\..~""' ... ~ :I ~. noway! ...... nguwanijiyan! ~.~~~ :I north ...... puwurr ""~\

A PIlAASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUAGS pain. be in ...... majarr (cov) rain ...... jatam(pi) pannikin ...... kartakpu rainy seasons ...... jatam(pi) paper ...... mirlimirli raw ...... kernka- paperbark ...... merntam receptacle ...... kartakpu party ...... purujkirrem(pi) recognise ...... ngarra (cov) pelican ...... taparuny relation ...... ningkiwi-/ningkuwu- petrol ...... petaJi. wijikirrem ramperampem repair ...... ngarakrcov) kurrngam return ...... piri (cov). piriwu (cov) pick up something ...... pip (cov) rib-bones ...... walampum play ...... puruj (cov) right on! ...... wentha kapa! plenty ...... karntiwapam. waringarrim. river. in the ...... nyanakawun melakawum road ...... pananpe. parnanpe point out ...... jirri (cov) RoseI/o. Northern ...... kultanykultanyel police ...... mernmertkaJim run ...... wiji (cov) poor bloke ...... kurlangkiny. merelekpiny poor girl ...... kurlangkel. merelekpel. poor thing ...... kakampi s pregnant woman ...... jaakil. jaawal same ...... kinyan- pubic covering ...... jaanim. nakam same place ...... kinyane pul/ ...... rerr (cov) sand ...... warrayel. jilam push ...... mengerr (cov) see...... tek (cov) put down ...... rurt (cov) send...... perra (cov) put the hard word on somebody set off ...... marra (cov). marrarn (cov). marrarna (cov) for something ...... walaji (cov) settle down ...... ngarli (cov) sexy ...... yuwarrnhawu- shaking. be ...... mirrmirr (cov). yartyart (cov) she ...... ngalen, ngalenta. ngelel. ngelela. Q ngeleJi quickly ...... , ... warangkan shiver ...... mirrmirr (cov). yartyart (cov) show ...... jirri (cov) - shut ...... thep (cav) spicy...... pakarrji-, wariwu- sick ...... yilkuwurri-, yilkuwurru-, warrernpe- make something spicier wariwuk (cav) • be sick...... yilkuwurru (cav) spouse ...... ngulnga-, ngumparna- • become sick ...... yi/kuwurri (cav), yilkuwurru (cav) starter motor...... tam wijikengarri nyimperramenpe make someone sick ... yilkuwurruk (cav) stay here! ...... pernenha • sing ...... nga/any (cav) stew ...... wurum • sit down...... rurt (cav) stick ...... kunyjany skinny ...... wanyja- stink ...... ngartpen (cav) • sleazing, go around ...... ngu/ngangulnga (cav) stomach ...... jaam,jarum :: sleep ...... paku (cav) stomach ache ...... ka/yu/yum 11 slow ...... petawu-, yampiJ- stoned, be ...... wangala (cav) slow, be ...... yampil (cav) stones ...... ngarrka/em(pi) 11 slowly ...... kaartaya stop ...... nak (cav), kirrij (cav), kerrij (cav) small ...... wanyake-/wanyaki- story ...... jarrakpe, jarrakpu, jarrakpi, Kijam smash with something ... ja/murrk (cav) stranger...... kamaliwa- - smoke ...... thulnguny (cav) - strewth!, ...... wingkernangku! • snappy gum ...... tha/ngarr stroke, have a ...... thurrururu (cav) 11 sneeze...... tinyjirucav) strong ...... pakarrji-, wariwu- :I someone (t) ••••••••••••• yange/anyji make something someone (m) •••••••••• yangirnanyji stronger ...... wariwuk (cav) D something (I don't stuck, become ...... nhempat (cav) know what) ...... kapaanyji stupid ...... wangala- :I songs ...... junpam be stupid ...... wanga/a (cav) sore ...... kajim :I sugar ...... warraye/, jilam, rungalka sorry. make someone .... mere/ekpu (cav) sugarbag ...... ngarem(pi) :I soup ...... wurum survive someone ...... wayikuk (cav) speak ...... jarrak (cav), jarrakjarrak (cav) swear ...... rurrij (cav) :I speak about someone behind their back .... ngurruri, ngurriri (cav) :a spear ...... karlumpuny iIi!IIIJ spearhead ...... jimpir/any ! speech ...... jarrakkirrem, jarrakpu, jarrakpi, tablets ...... jur/kurlkum -:I jarrakpe take ...... munturr (cav)

A PIIRASEBOOK OF TilE KIJA LANGUAGE those over there ...... ngurrum(a), ngurruwam take back ...... piri (coV), piriwu (cov) three ...... merrkern(pe) teCl ...... nalijam throw ...... waj (cov), wethet (cov) teach ...... pinarrik (cov), pinarrikpu (cov) thus ...... wayini, wayiniya tease ...... pirriman (cov), kunyjiri (cov), pirrkawirrka (cov) tired, be ...... wangkarl (cov) teenage boy ...... pumangkiliny, wanyjiliny make someone tired .. yalijke (coV), wangkarlke (cov) teeth ...... minyjuwum to (a place) ...... -nkili, -yurrung tell lies ...... ngalipa (cOV), ngarlipa (cov), yakum (cov) tobacco ...... ngunyjum tell stories ...... jarrakjarrak (cov) today ...... kelengen. kilingen. kilyingen that ...... ta- tomorrow ...... nyikawa

that (f) • ••••••••••••••• ta/' tala, tali, ngurru/(i) top ...... Iaarne

that (m) • •••••••••••••• tany, tanya, tanyi, ngurriny, touch ...... maj (cov) ngurruny, track ., ...... pananpe, parnanpe that (n) ••••••••••••••• tam, tampa, tampi, tamka traditional owner ...... taawa- that kind of ...... wayinija-, wayinijarra- tree (gen) ...... kunyjany that over there ...... ngurru- tree, boab ...... jumu/uny that place ...... tan tree, white gum (Eucalyptus that's right! ...... ngiyi! papuana) ...... warlarriny that's why ...... wayinikana truck ...... ngurr(ngurr)kaji/, ngurr(ngurr)kalil, there ...... ngurrun. tiyana ngurr(ngurr)kirrel, ngurrngurrul there he is ...... tanyaningki true ...... yijiyan these ...... perrem, perrempi, perrema, trust ...... marru (cov), tawung (cov), warta (cov) perremka turkey, bush ...... pinkirrpal thigh ...... pa/iyarram two ...... pangariny, pangarinywarriny,

think ...... lingalinga (cov) majarrim, -warriny thirsty ...... kurmgawunyja-, kurmgapawurru-, ngurlukpawurru-

be thirsty ...... reminy (cov)

this (I) • •••••••••••••••••• ngele/, ngelela, nge/eli ugly ...... jikili- this (m). • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • nginy, nginyjiny uncle (see Table of this (n) •••••••••••••••• perrem, perrempi, perrema, perremka Kin Terms) ...... nyakanyQi) those ...... tam, tampa, tampi, tamka, tiyama under...... yilak

UWURRIYANGEM KIJAM understanding ...... pinarri- what for? ...... kapakirrem, kapakirrema, us (him/her and me thuwurrawu but not you) ...... yaffepen what kind of? ...... kapajarra- us (including you) ..... yuwurrun what now? ...... karninya us (not including you) .. yarren what skin? ...... thuwunge- us (you and me) ...... yayipen what's happening? ... kapuwa utterance ...... jarrakpe, jarrakpu, jarrakpi what's wrong? ...... kapakirrem, kapakirrema when? ...... kapukana, kayikana when will it be? ...... kapukanakili where? ...... kaya, kayi, kayiwa

where are? ...... kawurra (pI) vegetables ...... mayim, mayimpi where does someone come from? ...... kayimili- where from? ...... kayipiny(aJ

where is? ...... kanga/a (f), karniwa (m), kawurra (n) where to? ...... kapiya, kapinga, kayakili wait! ...... mamperre! marrke! whiskers ...... pur/kam

walk ...... kir/i (cov), kirlirli (cov) white ...... nge/yak- water ...... kUffngam,kurlum white person ...... wajpa/a, kartiya

wave ...... mangan (cov) white woman ...... nyamane/ we (she/he and I who? ...... yange/a (I), yangirni (m), yangurra (pI) but not you) ...... yaffepen whole lot ...... me/akawuya we (including you) .... yuwurrun why? ...... kapakirrem, kapakirrema, we (not including thuwurrawu you) ...... yaffen wife ...... ngu/nga/, ngumparne/ we (you and I) ...... yayipen woman ...... ngalil, /angkurnu/ weak. make someone ... ya/ijke (cov), wangkar/ke (cov) woman who belongs

wear someone down .... ya/ijke (cov). wangkar/ke (cov) to the country ...... taawa/ west ...... ker/iyirr woman who is good at getting men ...... miyawu/ from the west ...... kerlirrang woman with a what? ...... kapa, kapu, kapuwa good figure ...... pirrkapa/ What are they? ...... thuwurra (pI) woman with an attractive what is it? ...... thuwurra (n) backside...... munkuka/e/

A PHRASEBOOK OF THE KIJA LANGUAGE woman with nice legs . timpukalel woman without a good figure ...... pirrkapawurrul woman, elderly ...... nyamanel woman, white ...... nyamonel women, elderly ...... nyamanonim women, several ...... ngalingalim women. white ...... nyamanonim word ...... jarrokpe, jarrakpu. jarrakpi. Kijam work ...... warrkampe wow! ...... wingkemangku! y yarn, be having a ...... jarrakjarrak (cov) years ...... jatam(pi) yes ...... ngiyi, wentha yesterday ...... ngulungulun you(1) ...... nymgan,nyinge~nymganff you (2) ...... nengkerrapen you (more than two) ., nengkerrawan you and I ...... yayipen young girl ...... i •••• werlemenef young girls ...... werferfemenpe your (1) ...... nyingangkurru-, nyingiyangkurru- your (more than two) .. nengkerriyange-

UWUilRIYANGI>M I