336 Chronicle spoke in a plenary session: "The one-sided­ (The full text of the letter was reproduced ness of the CPC is not that the West is not for all to read who would.) guilty, but that it is not guilty alone ... " That was not achieved in July. However, Then observers began to be called by the there were signs of thaw amidst the tedium. chairman in both the plenary and the huge There were a few people intriguingly label­ so-called group sessions, including some led '~Expert", most of them from Czechos­ British and other dissenting voices. On lovakia. One or two might be seen to be occasion these received a marked apprecia­ being "rehabilitated" after long exile (e.g. tion from the Hungarian President, Bishop DrJ. N. Ondra). It was encouraging to see Karoly Toth, and especially when "the them in eager conversation with old friends, Primus of the Scottish Epis~pal Church" , and indeed it was, such "lobby" encounters Bishop Haggart, was called to introduce that really mattered. Mrs J. L. Hromad: and read Dr Runcie's brief and pointed kova (Josef Hromadka's widow) was message of greeting. At the, heart of it he elected an honorary vice-president during had written: the course of the Conference. True dialogue for peace implies a Much o( the worShip had been ill-pre~ reciprocity which has not, in the pared, but the, ecumenical service on Sun­ judgement of many western day in the Salvator Church was well done, Christians; been present in the im­ with a good Malagasy sermon in French and mediate past history of the Con­ excellent choral music., And whereas the final hours were packed with indigestible ference. It was, therefore, with " some satisfaction that I was able statements, reports and messages to all and to receive a delegation from the sundry in the ecclesiastical and political CPC in Canterbury a short while world, there was a moving concluding act of ago from whom I learned of the worship for those who survived until Conference's desire to be a more l1.3Opm. aishop Karoly Toth, the newly credible forum for Christians to . elected Presi/)ent,. spoke in humble, discuss the vital issue of world prophetically spiritual style. . ' . . peace in a realistic way ... In my On his main theme address the Indian judgement such 'credibility de­ Metropolitan ,Paul Gregorios had said, "We pends upOn the Conference de­ have to, continue to be in"dialogue with veloping a new even-handedness ' those Christians who disagree with or dis~ in its deliberations on contempor­ trust us." I believe that some of us must cer­ 'ary political alliances, an open­ tainly keep in touch - as observers. ness to a discussion of human GEOFFREY BECK rights and freedom to consider all· (Observer at the ACPC on behalf of the kinds of peace movements in the British Council of Churches) several countries represented. .

. Four New Cardinals for Eastern Europe

Among the 28 new Cardinals appointed by working in rural parishes he was sent to the Pope John Paul 11 this year, four are from Catholic University of Lublin., In 1955 he Eastern Europe: two from Poland, one received a PhD in moral theology. BetWeen from Ukraine, and one from Slovakia. 1956 and 1959 he worked as a University However, only one ofthe nominees, Cardi­ chaplain in Bial'ystok and until 1970 he also nal Gulbinowicz, lives in his cduntry of ori­ lectured in moral theology at Hosianum gin (Poland). seminary in Olsztyn. In 1970 he wasnomi­ Cardinal Henryk Gulbinowicz was born natedan apostolic administrator of Bial'ys­ on 17 October 1928 in Szukiszki, Vilnius tok and in 1976 he was transferred to the (then Vilno) region. He finished his secon­ metropolitan see in WrocYawas archbishop. dary schooling in Vilnius and in 1944 started He is now the first Cardinal in WrocYaw technological studies there, which he com­ since the death of Cardinal Bertram (of pleted after the war in Bial'ystok. He was or­ Breslau) at the end of the Second World dained a priest in 1950 and after a short time War. Chronicle 337

Cardinal Gulbinowicz is a member of the turned to L'vov briefly in 1938 to be Main Council of the Polish Episcopate and, ordained a priest by Metropolitan Shep­ a member of the Vatican Congregation for tyts'ky. Between 1938 and 1947 he studied the Clergy. His responsibility as a member theology, philosophy and medicine in Au­ of the Polish bishops' conference is for the stria, Switzerland and Rome, after which he spiritual welfare of students and people moved to the United States to take up pas­ working in the medical profession. Since toral work in Stamford, Connecticut. For 1984 he has also acted as consultant for the the next thirty years he continued with ad­ Congregation for the Eastern Churches. ministrative, educational, scholarly and The other Polish nominee, Maria De­ pastoral work in the United States (and skur, is a retired archbishop and has not briefly in Rome) and was named Metropoli­ been resident in Poland for over thirty tan of Philadelphia for Ukrainians in the years. He was born in Sancygni6w, Kielce USA bya Papal Bullon21 September 1979. diocese, on 29 September 1924. He com­ In March 1980 Lubachivs'ky was appointed pleted theological studies at the 1agiello­ Archbishop-Major and Co-adjutor to Car­ nian University in Krak6w and was or­ dinal Slipyj, and he became head of the dained there in 1950. Since 1952 he has been Ukrainian Catholic Church on the death of in Rome, working at the Vatican Curia, . Slipyj in 1984. He is the fourth Cardinal of performing the functions of the prelate of Ukrainian nationality, but there has not the Council for Public Affairs of the been a Cardinal resident in Ukraine since Church, as Secretary and then as Chairman Slipyj's exile to Rome in 1963. of the Pontifical Commission for Mass lozef Tomko's appointment means that Media. He has also worked as a consultant both the Czech and Slovak Catholic of the Pontifical Commission for Latin Churches' have a Cardinal at their head. America. He was nominated titular bishop Tomko was born on 11 March 1921 in ofTene, Italy, in 1974 and in Feburary 1980 Udavaske, in the Slovak diocese of Kosice. he was elevated to the rank of archbishop. After studying in Bratislava he moved to The new Ukrainian Cardinal has been Rome where he graduated from the Late­ appointed to succeed the late Cardinal Iosyf ran and Gregorian Universities. He became Slipyj; Myroslav Ivan Lubachivs'ky was a priest at the age of 28, and worked first in nominated as co-adjutor with right of suc­ the Vatican Congregation for the Faith. In cession by the Pope in 1980. Now 71 years 1967 he was appointed as special secretary old, Cardinal Lubachivs'ky has not been re­ by the Pope, and he went on to become the sident in Ukraine since 1937 when he com­ general secretary of the Congregation of pleted his studies at the Theological Bishops' Conferences. When nominated as Academy in L'vov and left to study at the cardinill, Tomko was also appointed as Pro­ Catholic University in Innsbruck. He re- Prefect of "Propaganda Fide".