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WO 2015/179249 Al 26 November 2015 (26.11.2015) P O P C T
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2015/179249 Al 26 November 2015 (26.11.2015) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12N 15/11 (2006.01) A61K 38/08 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, C12N 15/00 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (21) Number: International Application DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, PCT/US2015/031213 HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, (22) International Filing Date: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, 15 May 2015 (15.05.2015) MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (25) Filing Language: English SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, (26) Publication Language: English TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 62/000,43 1 19 May 2014 (19.05.2014) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 62/129,746 6 March 2015 (06.03.2015) US GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, (72) Inventors; and TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, (71) Applicants : GELLER, Bruce, L. -
Oxazolidinones for TB
Oxazolidinones for TB: Current Status and Future Prospects 12th International Workshop on Clinical Pharmacology of Tuberculosis Drugs London, UK 10 September 2019 Lawrence Geiter, PhD Disclosures • Currently contract consultant with LegoChem Biosciences, Inc., Daejeon, Korea (LCB01-0371/delpazolid) • Previously employed with Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development and Commercialization, Inc. (delamanid, OPC-167832, LAM assay) What are Oxazolidinones • A family of antimicrobials mostly targeting an early step in protein synthesis • Cycloserine technically oxazolidinone but 2-oxazolidinone different MOA and chemical properties • New generation oxazolidinones bind to both 50S subunit and 30S subunit • Linezolid (Zyvox) and Tedizolid (Sivestro) approved for drug resistant skin infections and community acquired pneumonia Cycloserine • Activity against TB demonstrated in non- clinical and clinical studies • Mitochondrial toxicity >21 days limits use in TB treatment Linezolid Developing Oxazolidinones for TB Compound Generic Brand Sponsor Development Status TB Code- Activity/Trials PNU-100766 Linezolid Zyvox Pfizer Multiple regimen Yes/Yes TR-201 Tedizolid Sivextro Merck Pre-clinical efficacy Yes/No PNU-100480 Sutezolid Pfizer Multiple regimen studies Sequella Yes/Yes (PanACEA) TB Alliance LCB01-0371 Delpazolid LegoChem Bio EBA trial recruitment completed Yes/Yes TBI-223 - Global Alliance SAD trial launched Yes/Yes AZD5847 Posizolid AstraZenica Completed EBA Yes/No RX-1741 Radezolid Melinta IND for vaginal infections ?/No RBX-7644 Ranbezolid Rabbaxy None found ?/No MRX-4/MRX-1 Contezolid MicuRx Skin infections Yes/No U-100592 Eperezolid ? No clinical trials ?/No PK of Oxazolidinones in Development for TB Steady State PK Parameters Parameter Linezolid 600 Delpazolid 800 mg QD2 mg QD3 Cmax (mg/L) 17.8 8.9 Cmin (mg/L) 2.43 0.1 Tmax (h) 0.87 0.5 T1/2 (h) 3.54 1.7 AUC0-24 (µg*h/mL) 84.5 20.1 1 MIC90 (µg/mL) 0.25 0.5 References 1. -
Infectious Diseases
2013 MEDICINES IN DEVELOPMENT REPORT Infectious Diseases A Report on Diseases Caused by Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi and Parasites PRESENTED BY AMERICA’S BIOPHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH COMPANIES Biopharmaceutical Research Evolves Against Infectious Diseases with Nearly 400 Medicines and Vaccines in Testing Throughout history, infectious diseases hepatitis C that inhibits the enzyme have taken a devastating toll on the lives essential for viral replication. and well-being of people around the • An anti-malarial drug that has shown Medicines in Development world. Caused when pathogens such activity against Plasmodium falci- For Infectious Diseases as bacteria or viruses enter a body and parum malaria which is resistant to multiply, infectious diseases were the current treatments. Application leading cause of death in the United Submitted States until the 1920s. Today, vaccines • A potential new antibiotic to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Phase III and infectious disease treatments have proven to be effective treatments in aureus (MRSA). Phase II many cases, but infectious diseases still • A novel treatment that works by Phase I pose a very serious threat to patients. blocking the ability of the smallpox Recently, some infectious pathogens, virus to spread to other cells, thus 226 such as pseudomonas bacteria, have preventing it from causing disease. become resistant to available treatments. Infectious diseases may never be fully Diseases once considered conquered, eradicated. However, new knowledge, such as tuberculosis, have reemerged new technologies, and the continuing as a growing health threat. commitment of America’s biopharma- America’s biopharmaceutical research ceutical research companies can help companies are developing 394 medicines meet the continuing—and ever-changing and vaccines to combat the many threats —threat from infectious diseases. -
Tuberculosis Report
global TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 2018 GLOBAL TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 2018 Global Tuberculosis Report 2018 ISBN 978-92-4-156564-6 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY- NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Global tuberculosis report 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders. To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. -
Newer Anti-TB Drugs and Drug Delivery Systems
Chapter 86 Newer Anti-TB Drugs and Drug Delivery Systems Alladi Mohan, D Prabath Kumar, J Harikrishna INTRODUCTION TABLE 1 │ Currently used antituberculosis drugs Tuberculosis (TB) has been a leading cause of death since time Essential first-line antituberculosis drugs immemorial and it continues to cause immense human misery even today. As per the currently available Global Tuberculosis Control Isoniazid 1 Rifampicin Report 2012 of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the year Ethambutol 2011, there were 8.7 million incident cases of TB and 1.4 million Pyrazinamide deaths. Effective predictable treatment of TB became available Streptomycin only in the mid-1940s with the introduction of streptomycin. In Second-line parenteral agent (injectable antituberculosis drugs) the late 1970s, TB appeared to be fading away from being a major public health problem at least in the developed countries. The Kanamycin human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired Amikacin Capreomycin immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) pandemic in the early 1980s resulted in a global resurgence of TB.2 The recent years have also Fluoroquinolones witnessed the emergence and global presence of multidrug-resistant Ciprofloxacin TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) that are Ofloxacin highly lethal, extremely expensive and complicated to treat have Levofloxacin been causing concern worldwide.3 Moxifloxacin A major paradigm shift in the treatment of TB occurred with Gatifloxacin the introduction of rifampicin, the last landmark drug introduced Oral bacteriostatic second-line antituberculosis drugs 4 for TB treatment. Based on the data from studies conducted in the Ethionamide 1970s, the standard treatment duration of anti-TB treatment could be Prothionamide shortened to 9 months. -
Antibiotic Use and Abuse: a Threat to Mitochondria and Chloroplasts with Impact on Research, Health, and Environment
Insights & Perspectives Think again Antibiotic use and abuse: A threat to mitochondria and chloroplasts with impact on research, health, and environment Xu Wang1)†, Dongryeol Ryu1)†, Riekelt H. Houtkooper2)* and Johan Auwerx1)* Recently, several studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines, the antibiotics Introduction most intensively used in livestock and that are also widely applied in biomedical research, interrupt mitochondrial proteostasis and physiology in animals Mitochondria and chloroplasts are ranging from round worms, fruit flies, and mice to human cell lines. Importantly, unique and subcellular organelles that a plant chloroplasts, like their mitochondria, are also under certain conditions have evolved from endosymbiotic - proteobacteria and cyanobacteria-like vulnerable to these and other antibiotics that are leached into our environment. prokaryotes, respectively (Fig. 1A) [1, 2]. Together these endosymbiotic organelles are not only essential for cellular and This endosymbiotic origin also makes organismal homeostasis stricto sensu, but also have an important role to play in theseorganellesvulnerabletoantibiotics. the sustainability of our ecosystem as they maintain the delicate balance Mitochondria and chloroplasts retained between autotrophs and heterotrophs, which fix and utilize energy, respec- multiple copies of their own circular DNA (mtDNA and cpDNA), a vestige of the tively. Therefore, stricter policies on antibiotic usage are absolutely required as bacterial DNA, which encodes for only a their use in research confounds experimental outcomes, and their uncontrolled few polypeptides, tRNAs and rRNAs [1, 3, applications in medicine and agriculture pose a significant threat to a balanced 4]. Furthermore, both mitochondria and ecosystem and the well-being of these endosymbionts that are essential to chloroplasts have bacterial-type ribo- sustain health. -
Computational Antibiotics Book
Andrew V DeLong, Jared C Harris, Brittany S Larcart, Chandler B Massey, Chelsie D Northcutt, Somuayiro N Nwokike, Oscar A Otieno, Harsh M Patel, Mehulkumar P Patel, Pratik Pravin Patel, Eugene I Rowell, Brandon M Rush, Marc-Edwin G Saint-Louis, Amy M Vardeman, Felicia N Woods, Giso Abadi, Thomas J. Manning Computational Antibiotics Valdosta State University is located in South Georgia. Computational Antibiotics Index • Computational Details and Website Access (p. 8) • Acknowledgements (p. 9) • Dedications (p. 11) • Antibiotic Historical Introduction (p. 13) Introduction to Antibiotic groups • Penicillin’s (p. 21) • Carbapenems (p. 22) • Oxazolidines (p. 23) • Rifamycin (p. 24) • Lincosamides (p. 25) • Quinolones (p. 26) • Polypeptides antibiotics (p. 27) • Glycopeptide Antibiotics (p. 28) • Sulfonamides (p. 29) • Lipoglycopeptides (p. 30) • First Generation Cephalosporins (p. 31) • Cephalosporin Third Generation (p. 32) • Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins (p. 33) • Fifth Generation Cephalosporin’s (p. 34) • Tetracycline antibiotics (p. 35) Computational Antibiotics Antibiotics Covered (in alphabetical order) Amikacin (p. 36) Cefempidone (p. 98) Ceftizoxime (p. 159) Amoxicillin (p. 38) Cefepime (p. 100) Ceftobiprole (p. 161) Ampicillin (p. 40) Cefetamet (p. 102) Ceftoxide (p. 163) Arsphenamine (p. 42) Cefetrizole (p. 104) Ceftriaxone (p. 165) Azithromycin (p.44) Cefivitril (p. 106) Cefuracetime (p. 167) Aziocillin (p. 46) Cefixime (p. 108) Cefuroxime (p. 169) Aztreonam (p.48) Cefmatilen ( p. 110) Cefuzonam (p. 171) Bacampicillin (p. 50) Cefmetazole (p. 112) Cefalexin (p. 173) Bacitracin (p. 52) Cefodizime (p. 114) Chloramphenicol (p.175) Balofloxacin (p. 54) Cefonicid (p. 116) Cilastatin (p. 177) Carbenicillin (p. 56) Cefoperazone (p. 118) Ciprofloxacin (p. 179) Cefacetrile (p. 58) Cefoselis (p. 120) Clarithromycin (p. 181) Cefaclor (p. -
Identification and Characterization of Putative Nucleomodulins in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PUTATIVE NUCLEOMODULINS IN MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS Abstract The nuclear targeting of bacterial proteins that modify host cell gene expression, the so- called nucleomodulins, has emerged as a novel mechanism contributing to virulence of several intracellular pathogens. The goal of this study was to identify nucleomodulins produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), and to investigate their role upon infection of the host. We first performed a screening of Mtb genome in search of genes encoding proteins with putative eukaryotic-like nuclear localization signals (NLS). We identified two genes of Mtb, Rv0229c and Rv3876, encoding proteins that are secreted in the medium by Mtb and are localized into the nucleus when expressed in epithelial cells or in human or murine macrophages. The NLSs of these two proteins were identified and found to be essential for their nuclear localization. The gene Rv0229c, a putative RNase, is present only in pathogen species of the Mtb complex and seems to have been recently acquired by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Rv3876 appears more widely distributed in mycobacteria, and belongs to a chromosomal region encoding proteins of the type VII secretion system ESX1, essential for virulence. Ongoing studies are currently investigating the dynamics of these proteins upon infection of host cells, and their putative role in the modulation of host cell gene expression and Mtb virulence. ii IDENTIFICATION ET CARACTERISATION DE NUCLEOMODULINES PUTATIVES CHEZ LA BACTERIE MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS Résumé Les nucléomodulines sont des protéines produites par des bactéries parasites intracellulaires et qui sont importées dans le noyau des cellules infectées pour y moduler l’expression génique et contribuer ainsi à la virulence de la bactéries. -
EMA/CVMP/158366/2019 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use
Ref. Ares(2019)6843167 - 05/11/2019 31 October 2019 EMA/CVMP/158366/2019 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use Advice on implementing measures under Article 37(4) of Regulation (EU) 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products – Criteria for the designation of antimicrobials to be reserved for treatment of certain infections in humans Official address Domenico Scarlattilaan 6 ● 1083 HS Amsterdam ● The Netherlands Address for visits and deliveries Refer to www.ema.europa.eu/how-to-find-us Send us a question Go to www.ema.europa.eu/contact Telephone +31 (0)88 781 6000 An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2019. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Introduction On 6 February 2019, the European Commission sent a request to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for a report on the criteria for the designation of antimicrobials to be reserved for the treatment of certain infections in humans in order to preserve the efficacy of those antimicrobials. The Agency was requested to provide a report by 31 October 2019 containing recommendations to the Commission as to which criteria should be used to determine those antimicrobials to be reserved for treatment of certain infections in humans (this is also referred to as ‘criteria for designating antimicrobials for human use’, ‘restricting antimicrobials to human use’, or ‘reserved for human use only’). The Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) formed an expert group to prepare the scientific report. The group was composed of seven experts selected from the European network of experts, on the basis of recommendations from the national competent authorities, one expert nominated from European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), one expert nominated by European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), one expert with expertise on human infectious diseases, and two Agency staff members with expertise on development of antimicrobial resistance . -
The Use of Natural Product Substrates for the Synthesis of Libraries of Biologically Active, New Chemical Entities
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Graduate School Professional Papers 2010 The seU of Natural Product Substrates for the Synthesis of Libraries of Biologically Active, New Chemical Entities Joshua Bryant Phillips The University of Montana Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Recommended Citation Phillips, Joshua Bryant, "The sU e of Natural Product Substrates for the Synthesis of Libraries of Biologically Active, New Chemical Entities" (2010). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1100. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1100 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE USE OF NATURAL PRODUCT SUBSTRATES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LIBRARIES OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE, NEW CHEMICAL ENTITIES by Joshua Bryant Phillips B.S. Chemistry, Northern Arizona University, 2002 B.S. Microbiology (health pre-professional), Northern Arizona University, 2002 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Chemistry The University of Montana June 2010 Phillips, Joshua Bryant Ph.D., June 2010 Chemistry THE USE OF NATURAL PRODUCT SUBSTRATES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LIBRARIES OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE, NEW CHEMICAL ENTITIES Advisor: Dr. Nigel D. Priestley Chairperson: Dr. Bruce Bowler ABSTRACT Since Alexander Fleming first noted the killing of a bacterial culture by a mold, antibiotics have revolutionized medicine, being able to treat, and often cure life-threatening illnesses and making surgical procedures possible by eliminating the possibility of opportunistic infection. -
Anew Drug Design Strategy in the Liht of Molecular Hybridization Concept
www.ijcrt.org © 2020 IJCRT | Volume 8, Issue 12 December 2020 | ISSN: 2320-2882 “Drug Design strategy and chemical process maximization in the light of Molecular Hybridization Concept.” Subhasis Basu, Ph D Registration No: VB 1198 of 2018-2019. Department Of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University A Draft Thesis is submitted for the partial fulfilment of PhD in Chemistry Thesis/Degree proceeding. DECLARATION I Certify that a. The Work contained in this thesis is original and has been done by me under the guidance of my supervisor. b. The work has not been submitted to any other Institute for any degree or diploma. c. I have followed the guidelines provided by the Institute in preparing the thesis. d. I have conformed to the norms and guidelines given in the Ethical Code of Conduct of the Institute. e. Whenever I have used materials (data, theoretical analysis, figures and text) from other sources, I have given due credit to them by citing them in the text of the thesis and giving their details in the references. Further, I have taken permission from the copyright owners of the sources, whenever necessary. IJCRT2012039 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 284 www.ijcrt.org © 2020 IJCRT | Volume 8, Issue 12 December 2020 | ISSN: 2320-2882 f. Whenever I have quoted written materials from other sources I have put them under quotation marks and given due credit to the sources by citing them and giving required details in the references. (Subhasis Basu) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This preface is to extend an appreciation to all those individuals who with their generous co- operation guided us in every aspect to make this design and drawing successful. -
Patent Application Publication ( 10 ) Pub . No . : US 2019 / 0192440 A1
US 20190192440A1 (19 ) United States (12 ) Patent Application Publication ( 10) Pub . No. : US 2019 /0192440 A1 LI (43 ) Pub . Date : Jun . 27 , 2019 ( 54 ) ORAL DRUG DOSAGE FORM COMPRISING Publication Classification DRUG IN THE FORM OF NANOPARTICLES (51 ) Int . CI. A61K 9 / 20 (2006 .01 ) ( 71 ) Applicant: Triastek , Inc. , Nanjing ( CN ) A61K 9 /00 ( 2006 . 01) A61K 31/ 192 ( 2006 .01 ) (72 ) Inventor : Xiaoling LI , Dublin , CA (US ) A61K 9 / 24 ( 2006 .01 ) ( 52 ) U . S . CI. ( 21 ) Appl. No. : 16 /289 ,499 CPC . .. .. A61K 9 /2031 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 9 /0065 ( 22 ) Filed : Feb . 28 , 2019 (2013 .01 ) ; A61K 9 / 209 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 9 /2027 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31/ 192 ( 2013. 01 ) ; Related U . S . Application Data A61K 9 /2072 ( 2013 .01 ) (63 ) Continuation of application No. 16 /028 ,305 , filed on Jul. 5 , 2018 , now Pat . No . 10 , 258 ,575 , which is a (57 ) ABSTRACT continuation of application No . 15 / 173 ,596 , filed on The present disclosure provides a stable solid pharmaceuti Jun . 3 , 2016 . cal dosage form for oral administration . The dosage form (60 ) Provisional application No . 62 /313 ,092 , filed on Mar. includes a substrate that forms at least one compartment and 24 , 2016 , provisional application No . 62 / 296 , 087 , a drug content loaded into the compartment. The dosage filed on Feb . 17 , 2016 , provisional application No . form is so designed that the active pharmaceutical ingredient 62 / 170, 645 , filed on Jun . 3 , 2015 . of the drug content is released in a controlled manner. Patent Application Publication Jun . 27 , 2019 Sheet 1 of 20 US 2019 /0192440 A1 FIG .