STUDY GUIDE WRITERS Jane Marcher Foundation T Aylor Barfield Y Ale School of Drama, MFA ’16 Production Dramaturg
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2016 STUDY GU IDE YALE REPERTORY THEATRE WILL POWER! 2015–16 IS SUPPORTED BY JAMES BUNDY Artistic Director E sme Usdan VICTORIA NOLAN Allegra Print and Imaging M anaging Director New Alliance Foundation STUDY GUIDE WRITERS Jane Marcher Foundation T AYLOR BARFIELD Y ale School of Drama, MFA ’16 Production Dramaturg L YNDA A.H. PAUL Y ale School of Drama, MFA ’17 Production Dramaturg EDITORS AMY BORATKO Literary Manager RACHEL CARPMAN Literary Associate GRAPHIC desigNER MARGUERITE ELLIOTT Publications Manager SPECIAL THANKS For more information on Yale Repertory Theatre Nancy Herman, Jennifer Kiger, Kay Perdue and Cymbeline, please visit: Meadows, Steven Padla, Catherine Sheehy, Evan Yionoulis Cymbeline cover artwork by Paul Evan Jeffrey. YALEREP.ORG WILLPOWER! welcome to SYNOPSIS Imogen, daughter of Britain’s King Cymbeline, has Imogen finds a cave, which belongs toB elarius and his married Posthumus Leonatus, even though he is not adopted sons Guiderius and Arviragus. Imogen tells of royal blood. (Imogen is the king’s only child; he once them her name is Fidele, and they welcome her as a had two sons, but they were kidnapped long ago.) Upon brother. The next day, “Fidele” feels ill and takes the WILLPOWER! discovering Imogen’s unsanctioned marriage, the king sleeping potion thinking it is medicine. Cloten arrives banishes Posthumus. Before he departs for Italy, the at the cave and gets in a fight with Guiderius, who cuts lovers exchange tokens: she gives him a ring, he gives off his head. Arviragus finds “Fidele” in the cave and As part of Yale Repertory Theatre’s WILL POWER! educational initiative, we are pleased to her a bracelet. Meanwhile, the Queen is plotting to thinks him dead. The three mourn “Fidele” and lay him offer this Study Guide to accompany our 2016 production of Cymbeline. have her son by a previous marriage, Cloten, married with Cloten’s body. Imogen, still dressed as “Fidele,” to Imogen. Cloten tries to awkwardly woo Imogen, but then awakens and sees Cloten’s headless body wearing Quotes from Cymbeline are taken from Arden Shakespeare, reprinted in 2007. Imogen rejects him. Posthumus’s clothing. She thinks her husband is dead and weeps for him. “Fidele” is found by Lucius and In Italy, Posthumus meets the scheming Iachimo, agrees to join the Roman Army. who bets that he can prove that Imogen is unfaithful. Posthumus takes the bet and gives Iachimo his ring as At court, Cymbeline and Pisanio prepare to fight the collateral. Romans. Guiderius, Arviragus, and Belarius fight for Britain, while Posthumus joins the Romans, along S ynopsis ...................................................................................................................... 1 Back in England, the Queen plots to poison both the with Lucius and Iachimo. The two sides clash, and the King and Imogen. The doctor, Cornelius, suspects Britons win the day. The Romans, including Posthumus, the Queen’s plot, and instead of poison, gives her a are thrown in jail. While awaiting execution, Posthumus Cymbeline: Characters .................................................................................................. 2 sleeping potion. The Queen passes the potion along has a dream in which his long-dead family and Jupiter to Imogen and Posthumus’s loyal servant Pisanio. himself appear to him. In the morning, the Romans are Shakespeare’s Staged History ......................................................................................4 Newly arrived Iachimo convinces Imogen that he is brought before Cymbeline. “Fidele,” seeing Posthumus’s Posthumus’s friend and asks her to keep his trunk in ring on Iachimo’s finger, demands to know where it Director’s Cut: Evan Yionoulis on Cymbeline ..................................................................5 her room. Iachimo hides in the trunk, and while Imogen came from. Iachimo admits he got it from Posthumus by is sleeping, he creeps out, memorizes the details lying about Imogen’s virtue. Pisanio reveals that “Fidele” of her room, and steals her bracelet: “proof” of her What is Love? The Romance of Cymbeline ...................................................................... 9 is Imogen and explains her disguise. Guiderius admits infidelity. Iachimo returns to Italy to tell Posthumus he to killing Cloten, and Belarius explains that Guiderius won Imogen and shows him the bracelet. Posthumus and Arviragus are Cymbeline’s lost sons. Cymbeline, Evil Queens, Loyal Servants, and Royals in Disguise: bemoans the unfaithfulness of women. He writes two overjoyed, recognizes Imogen’s marriage, pardons the From Snow White to Imogen ....................................................................................... 10 letters: one telling Imogen to meet him at Milford Haven, Romans, agrees to pay his tribute, and declares a feast. and one telling Pisanio to kill Imogen for adultery once Actor’s Notebook .......................................................................................................14 they arrive. —RACHEL CARPMAN Caius Lucius, an ambassador from Italy, arrives at Cymbeline: Shakespeare’s Treasure Chest .................................................................. 16 Cymbeline’s court. Cymbeline refuses to pay his yearly tribute, and Lucius warns him of the wrath of Rome. Playing Spaces: Pisanio and Imogen receive their letters and set off REM for Milford Haven. On the journey Pisanio reveals the IX IT How Theatre Buildings Shaped Shakepeare’s Plays ..................................................... 18 The above synopsis follows contents of his letter. He disguises Imogen as a boy, the Bard wrote it. However, it’s quite common for gives her the Queen’s potion for protection, and tells S directors to cut lines—or even hakespeare’srestructure scenes— play as Before and After: Discussion Questions ...................................................................... 20 her to run away. Pisanio returns to court, where he finds in productions. Cloten in a rage because Imogen has disappeared. a certain theme,T highlighthis can help a particular frame the character’s play around Pisanio sends Cloten, who puts on Posthumus’s clothes, Resources .................................................................................................................. 21 journey, or emphasize a particular element of to Milford Haven and writes a letter to Posthumus, the plot. telling him Imogen is dead. After seeing the play, do you think that director Evan to the text? Yionoulis made any cuts or changes 1 married to Queen Belarius Cymbeline Wife of Cymbeline a.k.a. “Morgan” King of Britain Banished Lord adopted father of father adopted doctor to visits father of father mother of Caius Lucius Cornelius General of the Roman Forces C ourt Physician lost sons of hires Cloten Imogen A young courtier; Arviragus Guiderius tries to woo the Queen’s son by a a.k.a. “Cadwal” a.k.a. “Polydore” a.k.a. “Fidele” previous marriage is married to married is Pisanio servant to Loyal servant of Imogen and Posthumus Posthumus Leonatus A young gentleman; husband of Imogen friends with CYMBELINE: tricks CHARACTERS Iachimo friends with Philario Prideful Italian Lord Idtalian Lor Fights for Rome Fights for Britain Not in the war 2 3 Shakespeare’s DIRECTOR’S CUT: Staged History Evan Yionoulis on Cymbeline When the first collection of Shakespeare’s work was British ruler at the time, to pay an annual tribute to EVAN YIONOULIS is As a director embarks on a new production of published in 1623, the editors split his plays into three Rome. Shakespeare briefly delves into the backstory of Resident Director at genres: comedy, tragedy, and history. The histories Cassibelan’s struggle against Julius Caesar when Caius one of Shakespeare’s plays, she often spends a are all named for English kings: Henry V; Richard III; Lucius visits to retrieve Britain’s “untender’d” tribute in Yale Rep where her year—or more—making choices about what will King Henry VIII; Richard II; King John; Henry IV Parts Act III. productions include be on stage. The text is often cut. Actors are cast 1 and 2; and Henry VI Parts 1, 2, and 3. Cymbeline, Owners, Stones in His Shakespeare’s Cymbeline refuses to pay the tribute, to play the roles, and designers have to plot out first produced sometime between 1609 and 1611, is Pockets, Bossa Nova, also named after a real British king—Kymbeline—but which precipitates a war between the two nations. The what the set, costumes, and lights will look like. historical record varies slightly from this version of The Master Builder, defies the history label; in fact, it was first categorized At the helm, the director makes many choices as a tragedy. This play features a tumultuous love events. Holinshed’s Chronicles, one of Shakespeare’s Richard II, Black Snow, story, a duplicitous Queen straight out of a fairy tale, primary source texts, states that, “after Julius Cesar’s The People Next Door, along the way to ensure that a vibrant story is and material too fantastical to have come from any death when Augustus had taken upon him the rule of The King Stag, Heaven, told when the audience comes to the theatre. the Empire, the Britaynes refused to pay tribute” but history book, including ghosts and a god descending and Galileo. New York from the heavens. In Cymbeline, Shakespeare draws also that “Kymbeline being brought up in Rome, and credits include Howard upon historical fact, but he takes major liberties in his made a knight in the Court of Augustus” was, therefore, Yale Rep’s Literary Manager Amy Boratko