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TREES of the YEAR 1 - PODOCARPUS ELONGATUS 2018 Trees Bring Diverse Groups of People Together

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TREES of the YEAR 1 - PODOCARPUS ELONGATUS 2018 Trees Bring Diverse Groups of People Together DID YOU KNOW? TREES OF THE YEAR 1 - PODOCARPUS ELONGATUS 2018 Trees bring diverse groups of people together. Tree plantings provide an opportunity for community involvement and empowerment that improves the quality of life in our neighbourhoods. 1 - PODOCARPUS ELONGATUS 2 - BOSCIA ALBITRUNCA All cultures, ages, and genders have an important role to play at a tree planting or tree care event. ? In South Africa, only 0.4% of our landmass is covered by natural forest. That’s only 500 000 ha, supported by 39 million ha covered by savannah systems. LEAVES Facts: Trees and Forestry There are three main types of trees that grow on South African plantations; pine, eucalyptus and COPPICING BARK Trees are some of the oldest living organisms on wattle. earth, for example, a live oak can live up to be over 500 years. According to a report published by the World Economic Forum in July 2017, two South The age of a tree can be determined by the number African cities namely Durban and of growth rings. The size of the growth ring is Johannesburg form part of the top determined in part by environmental conditions such as temperature and water availability. 15 Cities in the world with the most trees. FLOWERS Trees add unity. Trees as landmarks can give a FEMALE CONES Different parts of the tree grow at different times of neighbourhood a new identity and encourage the year. A typical pattern is for most of the foliage civic pride. growth to occur in the spring, followed by trunk growth in the summer and root growth in the autumn Of the eight biomes in South Africa, the forest and winter. Not all trees follow the same pattern. biome is the smallest, covering only about 0.1% of the country. Trees mark the seasons; Is it winter, spring, summer The largest and most famous forests in South BARK or autumn? Look at the trees. MALE CONES Africa are Knysna and Tsitsikama Forests of the The world is home to just over 60 000 different Southern Cape. tree species. Trees boost wildlife by hosting complex TREE PROFILE TREE PROFILE microhabitats. When young, they offer habitation There are around 3.04 trillion trees on earth; and food to amazing communities of birds, FACTS AT A GLANCE USES: FACTS AT A GLANCE however to of these trees insects, lichen and fungi. When mature, their 1 2 3.5 billion 7 billion Due to its generally small size and bushy Medicinally, its green fruit is used to treat are cut down every year. trunks also provide the hollow cover needed by habit, the Breede River Yellowwood is not of epilepsy, and a cold infusion of leaves can species such as bats, woodboring beetles, tawny SCIENTIFIC NAME: Podocarpus elongatus SCIENTIFIC NAME: Boscia albitrunca economic importance as a timber tree today, be applied to the inflamed eye of cattle. owls and woodpeckers. One mature oak can be COMMON NAME: Breede River Yellowwood however in the past when there were larger COMMON NAME: Shepherd’s tree Household utensils can also be made from the The yellow wood tree, also called the real yellow- home to as many as 500 different species. SIZE: Small to medium shrub/ tree of 6-20 m trees, the timber was used for making wagons, SIZE: Small to medium tree of 5 -7m wood. wood (Podocarpus latifolius) is the WATER REQUIREMENTS: Drought tolerant chairs and general wood turning. WATER REQUIREMENTS: Drought tolerant National Tree of South Africa. Trees create economic opportunities, for instance, LEAVES/FLOWERS: Evergreen, attractive LEAVES/FLOWERS: Evergreen, flat, fruit harvested from community orchards can GROWING: narrow grey/blue-green leaves that are GROWING: elliptic, leathery olive green leaves; star be sold, thus providing income. Small business Trees help fight the effects of climate change by usually crowded towards the ends of the Ideally fresh seeds must be sown soon after shaped yellow-green flowers without petals. The Shepherd’s tree can easily be propagated opportunities in nursery establishment, green absorbing carbon dioxide and other pollutant shoots; male and female cones can be found harvesting, in late summer-autumn. The FEATURE: Attractive dense, round to as it can grow from shoot and root cuttings. waste management and landscaping arise particulates, then store carbon and emit pure on two separate trees species is slow growing and is ideal for a small spreading crown, pale yellow bark Seedlings need to be transplanted directly when cities value mulching and its water-saving oxygen. A tree can absorb as much as FEATURE: Multi stemmed, has the ability garden and should be planted in a shade MAINTENANCE: Low maintenance. into the open ground as growth tends to stop qualities. or semi shade area in a well-drained soil, if planted in nursery bags due to its tap roots 22 kilograms of carbon dioxide per year and to resprout from the trunk or stump. participation, poverty alleviation and job MAINTENANCE: Low maintenance. possibly with plenty of compost. It makes an system which requires enough room to grow. can sequester 1 ton (907kg) of carbon dioxide Trees grow the economy as people are attracted excellent container plant and can also be to live, work and invest in green surroundings. used as a screen plant. by the time it reaches 40 years old. Research shows that average house prices are DESCRIPTION APPEARANCE: B. albitrunca is a stocky evergreen tree that 5-18% higher when properties are close to DESCRIPTION One large tree can provide a day’s supply of APPEARANCE: ORIGIN: may reach a height of 5-7m. It usually has an mature trees. Companies benefit from a Breede River Yellowwoods are typically multi- oxygen for up to four people. Widespread in Southern Africa in the arid parts attractive well rounded or spreading crown healthier, happier workforce if there are parks ORIGIN: stemmed and are as broad as they are high. of KwaZulu Natal, Gauteng, Free State, North and owing to its nutritional value to livestock, and trees nearby. P. elongatus is endemic to Southern Africa The species may take a form of a round and Trees and vegetation prevent soil erosion and where it is mainly restricted to the Breede bushy shape or a neat pyramid shape with a West, Limpopo and Northern Cape. It also the tree often has a clear “browse line”. reduce runoff by holding soil in place, particularly While timber plantations only represent 7% of River Valley in the Western Cape. Its range smooth grey to brown bark that sometimes occurs in Botswana, Namibia, Mozambique, The stem is light in colour and often folded, on hillsides or stream slopes, the quality of water is Zimbabwe, Zambia and the Kingdom of seamed and sometimes pitted with holes, the planet’s forest areas, they provide of extends as far north as the Cedarberg and peels longitudinally in long narrow strips. 50% when viewed from a distance it appears to be also improved when it is absorbed and filtered by the wood for industrial purposes. Bokkeveld Mountains. It typically grows eSwatini. It prefers dry, open woodland trees. along rivers on deep sandy soils and rocky FLOWERS, FRUIT AND LEAVES: and bushveld areas with sandy, loamy and whitewashed. By making use of biorefinery technologies, outcrops. This tree is a conifer i.e. a cone bearing calcrete soils. trade and marketing of forest Planting trees in public spaces and gardens can a number of value added products can be seed plant. There are male trees and female products. FLOWERS, FRUIT AND LEAVES: increase the aesthetic appeal of neighbourhoods manufactured from wood pulp and biomass ECOLOGY: trees. Male trees produce solitary cream to Flowers are small and inconspicuous, star pinkish cones made up of scales; female and the economic value of houses and property. waste. For example, biochemicals, non-nutritive P. elongatus is wind pollinated. Seeds are ECOLOGY: shaped and without petals. Flowering period food sweeteners such as xylitol as well as trees produce cones that turn bright red, and The species has a number of pollinators and is between August and November or after eaten and dispersed by small mammals each cone carries one seed that sits on top Trees provide food, for example an apple tree can nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) which can be rains. Fruit is round and berry like, yellow with and birds that enjoy the brightly coloured of the fleshy conical receptacle. The female is a source of food for various mammals, birds used in a range of applications. a reddish flesh. Leaves are evergreen, flat, yield up to 15-20 bushels of fruit per year and can and fleshy receptacles. cones develop into edible fruits. The leaves and butterflies. The crown is often browsed elliptic and variable in size with rounded tips. be planted on the tiniest urban lot. Aside from fruit Kathu Forest is unique woodland of Camel thorn of the tree are spirally arranged, narrow and by livestock as well as other herbivores such for humans, trees provide food for birds and wildlife. trees to the north of the town of Kathu in the The tree has adapted to growing in unstable elongated. The leaves are blue/grey- green as giraffe, gemsbok and kudu. Its natural Leaves have a smooth margin, are tough, in colour and generally crowded towards the leathery and sometimes hairy. Northern Cape. This woodland of about 4000 environments such as riverbanks where it adaptation to arid areas also makes the tree Trees conserve energy; three trees placed is often exposed to floods or rocks carried end of the branchlets. a source of shade, shelter and refuge to a strategically around a single-family home can hectares, known as Kathu forest because Other yellowwood tree species recognised for of the exceptional size and density of the tree in the water, as a result it has evolved a number of animals.
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