Agenda Item 6 EAST

COMMUNITY PLANNING PARTNERSHIP BOARD

SPECIAL MEETING– 17 NOVEMBER 2016

SCOTTISH INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION (SIMD) 2016

Report by the Depute Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer (Economy and Skills), Council

PURPOSE OF REPORT

1. To present to the Community Planning Partnership (CPP) Board the high-level results of the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2016 published by ’s Chief Statistician on 30 August 2016.

BACKGROUND

2. The SIMD is the Scottish Government’s official tool for identifying small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across Scotland.

3. The SIMD ranks small areas (datazones) from most deprived (ranked 1) to least deprived (ranked 6,976). Use of the SIMD will often focus on the datazones below a certain rank, for example, the 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% most deprived datazones in Scotland.

4. The Scottish Government has used this method to track multiple deprivation since the first Index of Multiple Deprivation in 2004 and, taken together, the five indices (2004, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2016) provide a series of snapshots in time of the concentration of multiple deprivation across the country.

5. The information is relevant for the targeting of policies and resources aimed at tackling areas where there is a concentration of multiple deprivation.

HOW SIMD IS CONSTRUCTED

6. SIMD 2016 is built up as follows:

 Scotland is split into 6,976 datazones, with roughly standard populations of 500 to 1,000 household residents.  There are 38 indicators of deprivation, which are grouped into seven different domains.  Indicators are used to measure the different characteristics of deprivation in each datazone, including pupil performance, travel times to the GP, crime, and unemployment, among many others.  The seven domains are then combined to form the overall SIMD, ranking each datazone in Scotland from 1 (most deprived) to 6,976 (least deprived).

7. The SIMD 2016 Methodology is provided at Appendix 1.

GUIDANCE ON USING SIMD DATA

8. SIMD data can be used for:

 comparing overall deprivation of small areas;  comparing the seven domains of deprivation;  comparing the proportion of small areas in a council area that are very deprived;  identifying areas where many people experience multiple deprivation; and  identifying areas of greater need for support and intervention.

9. SIMD data should not be used for:

 presenting how much more deprived one area is from another – the difference between two ranks can be tiny or large;  comparing ranks over time – changes are relative and may not reflect actual changes in the neighbourhood;  comparing with other UK countries – each country measures deprivation slightly differently;  identifying all people who are deprived in Scotland – not everyone who is deprived lives in a deprived area; and  finding affluent areas – lack of deprivation is not the same as being rich.

10. In interpreting the results of the SIMD, it is important to note the following points:

 As the SIMD is a relative measure, if one datazone moves out of the most deprived 0- 15%, another datazone will move in.  The SIMD measures deprivation and not affluence, and all it can say about the areas ranked closer to 6,976 is that they are less deprived.  If a local authority has no datazones in the 0-15% most deprived this does not mean that there is no deprivation, only that there are no concentrations of multiple deprivation.  Changes have been made to the methodology between versions of the SIMD; therefore care is required when comparisons are made over time.

CHANGES TO SIMD METHODOLOGY SINCE 2012

Datazone Changes

11. SIMD 2016 is calculated on the 2011 datazone boundaries. These datazones are based on the 2011 Census and were introduced in November 2014. 2011 datazone boundaries differ from the 2001 datazones which were used for previous SIMD editions. Therefore, direct comparison of indicators before 2016 and previous years is not possible.

12. The number of datazones across Scotland in SIMD 2016 has increased to 6,976, compared to the 6,505 datazones identified in SIMD 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2012.

13. The number of datazones in East Ayrshire in SIMD 2016 has increased to 163, compared to 154 in the previous SIMDs.

Indicator Changes

14. For SIMD 2016, changes have been kept to a minimum to ensure consistency with the previous SIMD 2012 publication, although not all elements are directly comparable. The indicators included in each domain have been updated to include the latest data available at the time of release. There has, however, been the need to make some minor changes to the indicators included in SIMD 2016 to reflect the introduction of Universal Credit, changes to the school examination system, and improvements in data quality. The main changes made within each domain are summarised at Appendix 2.

SIMD 2016: SUMMARY OF EAST AYRSHIRE RESULTS

15. The following information provides a summary of the key findings from the SIMD 2016 results: National Share

16. The national share is calculated by dividing the number of deprived datazones in the area by all of the deprived datazones across Scotland. Thirty six (3.4%) of the 1,046 datazones in the 15% most deprived in Scotland are found in East Ayrshire.

East Ayrshire national share of the 0-15% most deprived in Scotland 4.0% 3.3% 3.4% 2.9% 2.9% 2.8% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% 2004 2006 2009 2012 2016

17. For SIMD 2016, ten (2.9%) of the 349 datazones in the 5% most deprived in Scotland are found in East Ayrshire.

East Ayrshire national share of the 0-5% most deprived in Scotland 3.7% 4.0% 3.1% 2.9% 2.5% 3.0% 2.2% 2.0%

1.0%

0.0% 2004 2006 2009 2012 2016

Local Share

18. The local share is used to compare areas and is calculated by dividing the number of deprived datazones in the area by all datazones in the area.

19. Readily available information provided by the Scottish Government reflects that East Ayrshire has 33% of the local share of the most deprived 20% datazones and 25% of the most deprived 21-40%, and is identified as the sixth most deprived across all local authorities in Scotland, behind Glasgow City (48% and 17%), Inverclyde (44% and 13%), West Dunbartonshire (40% and 26%), (38% and 23%) and Dundee City (37% and 21%).

20. The most deprived datazone in the overall SIMD 2016 in East Ayrshire is North (S01008006) with a rank of 29. The most deprived datazone in SIMD 2012 was Kilmarnock South (S01001324) with a rank of 28.

21. The following communities have datazones which are in the 0-15% most deprived:

0-15% Most Deprived Datazones Settlement Number of datazones Kilmarnock North 9 Kilmarnock South 6 Patna 2 Kilmarnock Central 2 Bellsbank 2 2 Galston 2 Logan 1 Lugar and Logan 1 New 2 1 1 1 1 Cumnock 1 1 and Sinclairston Rural 1

22. Appendix 3 highlights the datazones which are included in the most deprived 0-15% in the SIMD 2016.

23. The table below reflects the total number of datazones (national share percentage shown in brackets) and local share in italics in the 0-15% most deprived for the overall SIMD and each of the domains in 2004, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2016:

Overall Year Income Employment Health Education Housing Access Crime SIMD Index 28 27 25 29 28 16 (2.9%) (2.8%) (2.6%) (3.0%) (2.9%) (1.6%) 2004 18.2% 17.5% 16.2% 18.8% 18.2% 0 10.4% N/A 28 31 31 31 27 23 23 (2.9%) (3.2%) (3.2%) (3.2%) (2.8%) (2.4%) (2.4% 2006 18.2% 20.1% 20.1% 20.1% 17.5% 0 14.9% 14.9% 27 29 29 39 30 19 22 (2.8%) (3.0%) (3.0%) (4.0%) (3.1%) (1.9%) (2.3%) 2009 17.5% 18.8% 18.8% 25.3% 19.5% 0 12.3% 14.3% 32 35 31 45 29 18 22 (3.3%) (3.6%) (3.2%) (4.6%) (3.0%) (1.8%) (2.3%) 2012 20.8% 22.7% 20.1% 29.2% 18.8% 0 11.7% 14.3% 36 35 38 39 30 3 26 24 (3.4%) (3.3%) (3.6%) (3.7%) (2.9%) (0.3%) (2.5%) (2.3%) 2016 22.1% 21.5% 23.3% 23.9% 18.4% 1.8% 16.0% 14.7% NB: The total number of datazones in East Ayrshire increased to 163 in SIMD 2016, compared to 154 datazones in previous editions of the SIMD.

Relative to other local authorities, it is evident that:

 the percentage share of datazones in the 0-15% most deprived in terms of the overall SIMD index domain has increased between 2012 and 2016;

 the biggest concentration of datazones in the 0-15% most employment deprived is seen in Kilmarnock;

 there is a noticeable decrease in the national and local share percentage of datazones reported to be in the 0-15% most deprived with regard to health. In relative terms, almost a quarter (23.9%) of the datazones in East Ayrshire are among Scotland’s 0- 15% most health deprived;

 there has been a slight decrease in the national and local share percentage of datazones in the 0-15% most deprived in terms of the Education Domain between 2012 and 2016;

 for the first time there are 3 datazones in the 0-15% most deprived in terms of the SIMD 2016 Housing Domain;

 there has been an increase in the national and local percentage share of datazones in the 0-15% most deprived in terms of the Access Domain; and

 the national share percentage of in the most deprived 0-15% in terms of crime remain consistent at 2.3%; although a percentage increase is reflected in the local percentage share.

24. Appendix 4 provides a summary of the 0-5% most deprived datazones in East Ayrshire and a Glossary of Terms has been provided at Appendix 5.

25. A copy of the overall SIMD 2016 results mapped against communities in East Ayrshire is available in the Member Area of the Community Planning website and will be available for review at the CPP Board meeting.

26. Further analysis will be undertaken, in particular to support activity going forward in relation to locality planning.

RECOMMENDATIONS

27. The Community Planning Partnership Board is asked to:

i) note the publication of the SIMD 2016 by Scotland’s Chief Statistician; ii) consider and note the results of the SIMD 2016 as they relate to East Ayrshire; iii) note that further analysis of the SIMD will be taken forward, in particular, to inform locality planning within East Ayrshire; and iv) otherwise, note the content of the report.

Alex McPhee Depute Chief Executive and Chief Financial Officer Economy and Skills, East Ayrshire Council 1 November 2016

Appendix 1

Appendix 2

Summary of changes to SIMD 2016 domains and indicators Income domain Eligibility criteria of certain benefits have changed, and Universal Credit was introduced. The number of people claiming income related benefits and credits are now determined through the Universal Credit system.

Employment domain No changes.

Health domain Instead of estimating the ‘Proportion of the population being prescribed drugs for anxiety, depression or psychosis’, the indicator was improved. The new indicator counts the number of people who have been prescribed the drug within the specified year, whereas the previous indicator was an estimate of the average number of people taking it on any one day during the year.

The ‘Hospital stays related to alcohol misuse’ indicator now includes the additional ICD10 category K852 (Alcoholic Induced Acute Pancreatitis (AIAP)).

Education domain Two out of the five indicators in the education domain have changed considerably, and one indicator slightly changed.

The ‘School pupil attendance’ indicator was improved by only including pupils with high attendance, rather than an average absence level for all pupils.

The ‘Attainment of school leavers’ indicator replaces the previous average SQA score. The data for the SQA score is no longer available due to changes in the examination system. The new indicator considers the highest level of qualification pupils leave school with.

There were small changes in the ‘Working age people with no qualifications’ indicator. Age bands and age range for standardisation have changed. And due to a changed wording of the Census question, the SIMD 2016 indicator counts people who have no qualifications, while the indicator in previous SIMD editions also included people whose qualifications were not listed in the response options.

Geographic Access to Services domain The software used to calculate journey times has changed since SIMD 2012. As a result, most journey times are shorter and more accurately reflect true travel times for SIMD 2016.

Crime domain The indicators included in the crime domain have remained the same between SIMD 2012 and SIMD 2016. However, new crime codes under the ‘Recorded crimes of violence’ category with ‘Offences relating to Serious Organised Crime’, and ‘Causing serious injury etc. by culpable and reckless conduct’ are now included in SIMD 2016.

Housing domain No changes. The indicators included in the housing domain have been updated using 2011 Census data.

Appendix 3

SCOTTISH INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION (SIMD) 2016 EAST AYRSHIRE: 0-15% MOST DEPRIVED DATAZONES (BY RANKING)

% most Area Datazone Rank deprived Kilmarnock North S01008006 0-5% 29 Kilmarnock South S01007963 0-5% 44 Kilmarnock North S01008007 0-5% 59 Kilmarnock North S01008002 0-5% 87 Kilmarnock North S01008011 0-5% 89 Bellsbank S01007872 0-5% 101 Kilmarnock North S01008001 0-5% 159 Bellsbank S01007871 0-5% 178 Kilmarnock North S01008009 0-5% 235 Muirkirk S01007902 0-5% 339 Catrine S01007885 5-10% 392 Galston S01007954 5-10% 473 Auchinleck S01007922 5-10% 543 Cumnock S01007913 5-10% 566 Kilmarnock South S01007966 5-10% 584 Kilmarnock South S01007967 5-10% 605 Galston S01007952 5-10% 624 Newmilns S01007948 5-10% 696 S01007906 10-15% 723 Kilmarnock North S01008000 10-15% 729 Kilmarnock Central S01008012 10-15% 734 New Cumnock S01007905 10-15% 746 Auchinleck S01007921 10-15% 761 Logan S01007900 10-15% 770 Kilmarnock South S01007962 10-15% 806 Kilmarnock South S01007964 10-15% 820 Kilmarnock South S01007974 10-15% 856 Kilmarnock North S01008008 10-15% 868 Rankinston and Sinclairston and Rural S01007881 10-15% 881 Hurlford S01007958 10-15% 903 Patna S01007879 10-15% 953 Kilmarnock North S01008010 10-15% 961 Patna S01007878 10-15% 979 Kilmarnock Central S01007976 10-15% 1,001 Drongan S01007888 10-15% 1,013 Lugar and Logan S01007901 10-15% 1,043

Appendix 4

SCOTTISH INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION 2016 0-5% MOST DEPRIVED DATAZONES IN EAST AYRSHIRE

1. In relation to the overall SIMD 2016, the following areas have datazones which are in the most 0-5% deprived in East Ayrshire:

Number of Overall SIMD Datazones Kilmarnock North 6 Bellsbank 2 Muirkirk 1 Kilmarnock South 1 Total number of Datazones 10

Total population 7,257 Working age population 4,632 Range Rank in this domain 29 - 339

2. In relation to the income domain, the following areas have datazones which are in the most 0-5% deprived in East Ayrshire:

Number of Income Domain Datazones Kilmarnock North 6 Bellsbank 2 Kilmarnock South 2 Galston 1 Total number of Datazones 11

Total population 7,717 Working age population 5,003 Range Rank in this domain 9-336

3. In relation to the employment domain, the following areas have datazones which are in the most 0-5% deprived in East Ayrshire:

Number of Employment Domain Datazones Kilmarnock North 6 Bellsbank 2 Muirkirk 1 Galston 1 Catrine 1 Kilmarnock South 1 Total number of Datazones 12

Total population 8,536 Working age population 5,442 Range Rank in this domain 63-342

4. In relation to the health domain, the following areas have datazones which are in the most 0-5% deprived in East Ayrshire:

Number of Health Domain Datazones Kilmarnock North 6 Bellsbank 2 Patna 1 Galston 1 Kilmarnock South 1 Total number of Datazones 11

Total population 7,712 Working age population 4,900 Range Rank in this domain 47-342

5. In relation to the education domain, the following areas have datazones which are in the most 0-5% deprived in East Ayrshire:

Number of Education Domain Datazones Kilmarnock North 5 Kilmarnock South 3 Bellsbank 2 Muirkirk 1 Drongan 1 Total number of Datazones 12

Total population 9,189 Working age population 5,804 Range Rank in this domain 42-327

6. In relation to the access domain, the following areas have datazones which are in the most 0-5% deprived in East Ayrshire:

Number of Access Domain Datazones 1 Fenwick Rural 1 Total number of Datazones 2

Total population 1,284 Working age population 854 Range Rank in this domain 212-281

7. In relation to the crime domain, the following areas have datazones which are in the most 0-5% deprived in East Ayrshire:

Number of Crime Domain Datazones Kilmarnock North 5 Kilmarnock Central 2 , Gatehead and Rural 1 Cumnock 1 Total number of Datazones 9

Total population 6,358 Working age population 4,289 Range Rank in this domain 14-322

Appendix 5

SCOTTISH INDEX OF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION 2016

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Datazones A statistical geography that was developed in 2004, which is population based with an average of 760 people living in each datazone. Since they are population based, the area of the datazone can vary significantly in size.

Domains The domains included in the SIMD 2016 are Income; Employment; Health; Education, Skills and Training; Geographic Access to Services; Housing; and Crime. Across the seven domains there are 38 indicators of deprivation. The indicators were selected on the basis that they are:

 domain-specific and appropriate for the purpose (as direct as possible measures for the given type of deprivation)  up-to-date  capable of being updated on a regular basis  statistically robust  measure major features of a given type of deprivation (not conditions experienced by a very small number of people or areas).

The domains are calculated differently depending on the type of data used in each one.

Deciles Deciles are used to group data into ten equal parts or groups; therefore, each part represents 1/10 (one tenth) of the sample or population and allows comparisons to be made between groups.

Local Share The local share is used to compare areas and is calculated by dividing the number of deprived datazones in the area by all datazones in the area.

Median In probability theory and statistics, the median is described as the number separating the higher half of a sample from the lower half. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from the lowest value to highest value and selecting the middle one. If there is an even number of observations, then there is no single middle value; therefore, often the mean of the two middle values is taken.

Multiple Deprivation In the context of the SIMD, deprivation is about the range of problems that arise due to fewer resources or opportunities (not only financial). The SIMD is one measure of deprivation and takes the approach that deprivation is multi-dimensional. Consequently, the SIMD comprises data from seven different subject areas or domains.

National Share The national share is calculated by dividing the number of deprived datazones in the area by all of the deprived datazones across Scotland.

SAPE Small Area Population Estimates

SIMD Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, which is a relative measure of deprivation and identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland in a consistent way.

Weighting The process of weighting involves emphasising some domains more than others because they are regarded more important to the overall measurement of deprivation; and those which are weighted more highly have a disproportionate effect on the overall index. For example, the income and employment domains are weighted more highly than others. A review of the weightings was undertaken when preparing for SIMD 2016. This concluded that the changes to data quality and methodology were not enough to justify a change of weightings and recommended to maintain the same weightings as in SIMD 2006, 2009 and 2012.

November 2016