Transfer of Β-Hydroxy-Β-Methylbutyrate from Sows to Their
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Comparison of Lead Calcium and Lead Selenium Alloys
A COMPARISON OF LEAD CALCIUM & LEAD SELENIUM ALLOYS Separating Fact From Fiction By: Carey O’Donnell & Chuck Finin Background Debate between lead antimony vs. lead calcium has been ongoing for almost 70 years Both are mature ‘technologies’, with major battery producers and users in both camps Batteries based on both alloy types have huge installed bases around the globe Time to take another look for US applications: • New market forces at work • Significant improvements in alloy compositions • Recognize that users are looking for viable options Objectives Provide a brief history of the development and use of both lead selenium (antimony) and lead calcium; objectively compare and contrast the performance and characteristics of each type To attempt to draw conclusions about the performance, reliability, and life expectancy of each alloy type; suitability of each for use in the US Then & Now: Primary Challenges in Battery Manufacturing The improvement of lead alloy compositions for increased tensile strength, improved casting, & conductive performance Developing better compositions & processes for the application and retention of active material on the grids Alloy Debate: Lead Calcium Vs. Lead Selenium Continues to dominate & define much of the technical and market debate in US Good reasons for this: • Impacts grid & product design, long-term product performance & reliability • Directly affects physical strength & hardness of grid; manufacturability • Influences grid corrosion & growth, retention of active material History of Antimony First -
Metabolic Engineering of Escherichia Coli for Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)
Lin et al. Microb Cell Fact (2015) 14:185 DOI 10.1186/s12934-015-0369-3 RESEARCH Open Access Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for poly(3‑hydroxybutyrate) production via threonine bypass Zhenquan Lin1,2,3†, Yan Zhang1,2,3†, Qianqian Yuan1,2,3,4, Qiaojie Liu1,2,3, Yifan Li1,2,3, Zhiwen Wang1,2,3, Hongwu Ma4*, Tao Chen1,2,3,5* and Xueming Zhao1,2,3 Abstract Background: Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), have been considered to be good candidates for completely biode- gradable polymers due to their similar mechanical properties to petroleum-derived polymers and complete biodeg- radability. Escherichia coli has been used to simulate the distribution of metabolic fluxes in recombinant E. coli pro- ducing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Genome-scale metabolic network analysis can reveal unexpected metabolic engineering strategies to improve the production of biochemicals and biofuels. Results: In this study, we reported the discovery of a new pathway called threonine bypass by flux balance analysis of the genome-scale metabolic model of E. coli. This pathway, mainly containing the reactions for threonine synthesis and degradation, can potentially increase the yield of PHB and other acetyl-CoA derived products by reutilizing the CO2 released at the pyruvate dehydrogenase step. To implement the threonine bypass for PHB production in E. coli, we deregulated the threonine and serine degradation pathway and enhanced the threonine synthesis, resulting in 2.23-fold improvement of PHB titer. Then, we overexpressed glyA to enhance the conversion of glycine to serine and activated transhydrogenase to generate NADPH required in the threonine bypass. -
Choline for a Healthy Pregnancy
To support healthy for a Healthy weight gain and keep up with the nutritional needs of both mom and Pregnancy the developing baby, CHOLINE additional nutrients are necessary. Nine out of 10 Americans don’t meet the daily recommended choline intake of 550 mg1,2 and it can be challenging to reach this goal even when choosing choline-containing foods like beef, eggs, wheat germ and Brussels sprouts. Choline is particularly important during pregnancy for both mom and baby because it supports healthy brain growth and offers protection against neural tube defects. Women are encouraged to take a prenatal supplement before and during pregnancy to ensure they’re meeting vitamin and mineral recommendations. In fact, the American Medical Association recommends that choline be included in all prenatal vitamins to help ensure women get enough choline to maintain a normal pregnancy.3 Look for a prenatal supplement that contains folic acid, iron, DHA (omega-3s), vitamin D and choline. Consider smart swaps to get the most choline in your diet for a healthy pregnancy, as well as optimal health after baby arrives. PREGNANCY EATING PATTERN* CHOLINE-FOCUSED PREGNANCY EATING PATTERN* 1 1 hard-cooked egg 1 2 cups toasted whole grain oat cereal / 1 large peach 1 cup nonfat milk 1 1 slice whole grain bread /3 cup blueberries 1 1 tablespoon jelly /3 cup sliced banana BREAKFAST 1 cup nonfat milk 1 /2 whole grain bagel 1 whole wheat tortilla 2 tablespoons peanut butter 2 tablespoons peanut butter 1 small apple 1 SNACK 1 /2 large banana /2 cup nonfat vanilla Greek yogurt 2 slices whole grain bread 3 oz. -
Oregon Department of Human Services HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION
Oregon Department of Human Services Office of Environmental Public Health (503) 731-4030 Emergency 800 NE Oregon Street #604 (971) 673-0405 Portland, OR 97232-2162 (971) 673-0457 FAX (971) 673-0372 TTY-Nonvoice TECHNICAL BULLETIN HEALTH EFFECTS INFORMATION Prepared by: Department of Human Services ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY SECTION Office of Environmental Public Health OCTOBER, 1998 CALCIUM CARBONATE "lime, limewater” For More Information Contact: Environmental Toxicology Section (971) 673-0440 Drinking Water Section (971) 673-0405 Technical Bulletin - Health Effects Information CALCIUM CARBONATE, "lime, limewater@ Page 2 SYNONYMS: Lime, ground limestone, dolomite, sugar lime, oyster shell, coral shell, marble dust, calcite, whiting, marl dust, putty dust CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: - Molecular Formula: CaCO3 - White solid, crystals or powder, may draw moisture from the air and become damp on exposure - Odorless, chalky, flat, sweetish flavor (Do not confuse with "anhydrous lime" which is a special form of calcium hydroxide, an extremely caustic, dangerous product. Direct contact with it is immediately injurious to skin, eyes, intestinal tract and respiratory system.) WHERE DOES CALCIUM CARBONATE COME FROM? Calcium carbonate can be mined from the earth in solid form or it may be extracted from seawater or other brines by industrial processes. Natural shells, bones and chalk are composed predominantly of calcium carbonate. WHAT ARE THE PRINCIPLE USES OF CALCIUM CARBONATE? Calcium carbonate is an important ingredient of many household products. It is used as a whitening agent in paints, soaps, art products, paper, polishes, putty products and cement. It is used as a filler and whitener in many cosmetic products including mouth washes, creams, pastes, powders and lotions. -
Untargeted Metabolomics Uncovers the Essential Lysine Transporter in Toxoplasma Gondii
H OH metabolites OH Article Untargeted Metabolomics Uncovers the Essential Lysine Transporter in Toxoplasma gondii Joachim Kloehn 1,*,† , Matteo Lunghi 1,†, Emmanuel Varesio 2 , David Dubois 1 and Dominique Soldati-Favre 1,* 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (D.D.) 2 Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mass Spectrometry Core Facility (MZ 2.0), University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] (D.S.-F.); Tel.: +41-22-379-57-16 (J.K.); +41-22-379-56-72 (D.S.-F.) † These authors contributed equally to the work. Abstract: Apicomplexan parasites are responsible for devastating diseases, including malaria, toxo- plasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. Current treatments are limited by emerging resistance to, as well as the high cost and toxicity of existing drugs. As obligate intracellular parasites, apicomplexans rely on the uptake of many essential metabolites from their host. Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of tox- oplasmosis, is auxotrophic for several metabolites, including sugars (e.g., myo-inositol), amino acids (e.g., tyrosine), lipidic compounds and lipid precursors (cholesterol, choline), vitamins, cofactors (thiamine) and others. To date, only few apicomplexan metabolite transporters have been charac- terized and assigned a substrate. Here, we set out to investigate whether untargeted metabolomics can be used to identify the substrate of an uncharacterized transporter. Based on existing genome- Citation: Kloehn, J.; Lunghi, M.; and proteome-wide datasets, we have identified an essential plasma membrane transporter of the Varesio, E.; Dubois, D.; Soldati-Favre, major facilitator superfamily in T. -
L-Carnitine, Mecobalamin and Folic Acid Tablets) TRINERVE-LC
For the use of a Registered Medical Practitioner or a Hospital or a Laboratory only (L-Carnitine, Mecobalamin and Folic acid Tablets) TRINERVE-LC 1. Name of the medicinal product Trinerve-LC Tablets 2. Qualitative and quantitative composition Each film- coated tablets contains L-Carnitine…………………….500 mg Mecobalamin……………….1500 mcg Folic acid IP…………………..1.5mg 3. Pharmaceutical form Film- coated tablets 4. Clinical particulars 4.1 Therapeutic indications Vitamin and micronutrient supplementation in the management of chronic disease. 4.2 Posology and method of administration For oral administration only. One tablet daily or as directed by physician. 4.3 Contraindications Hypersensitivity to any constituent of the product. 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use L-Carnitine The safety and efficacy of oral L-Carnitine has not been evaluated in patients with renal insufficiency. Chronic administration of high doses of oral L-Carnitine in patients with severely compromised renal function or in ESRD patients on dialysis may result in accumulation of the potentially toxic metabolites, trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), since these metabolites are normally excreted in the urine. Mecobalamin Should be given with caution in patients suffering from folate deficiency. The following warnings and precautions suggested with parent form – vitamin B12 The treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency can unmask the symptoms of polycythemia vera. Megaloblastic anemia is sometimes corrected by treatment with vitamin B12. But this can have very serious side effects. Don’t attempt vitamin B12 therapy without close supervision by healthcare provider. Do not take vitamin B12 if Leber’s disease, a hereditary eye disease. -
Is There an Ideal Diet to Protect Against Iodine Deficiency?
nutrients Review Is There an Ideal Diet to Protect against Iodine Deficiency? Iwona Krela-Ka´zmierczak 1,† , Agata Czarnywojtek 2,3,†, Kinga Skoracka 1,* , Anna Maria Rychter 1 , Alicja Ewa Ratajczak 1 , Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak 1, Marek Ruchała 2 and Agnieszka Dobrowolska 1 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Heliodor Swiecicki Hospital, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (I.K.-K.); [email protected] (A.M.R.); [email protected] (A.E.R.); [email protected] (A.S.-T.); [email protected] (A.D.) 2 Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] (A.C.); [email protected] (M.R.) 3 Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-665-557-356 or +48-8691-343; Fax: +48-8691-686 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Iodine deficiency is a global issue and affects around 2 billion people worldwide, with preg- nant women as a high-risk group. Iodine-deficiency prevention began in the 20th century and started with global salt iodination programmes, which aimed to improve the iodine intake status globally. Although it resulted in the effective eradication of the endemic goitre, it seems that salt iodination did not resolve all the issues. Currently, it is recommended to limit the consumption of salt, which is the main source of iodine, as a preventive measure of non-communicable diseases, such as hypertension or cancer the prevalence of which is increasing. -
Plant-Based Nutrition Leaflet
Calcium There are many plant-based sources of calcium. The good news for vegans is that, due to how the mineral is absorbed, vegetables can be a better source of calcium than dairy. Plant-based nutrition Our top tip for reaching your daily ‘kale-cium’ intake is to include portions of green and leafy vegetables in your diet. Calcium can also be found in fortified foods like some plant Healthy vegan living milks and tofu, oranges and dried fruits. for everyone Vitamin D helps our body to absorb and retain calcium. Therefore, a partnership of sufficient vitamin D and calcium is important in maintaining healthy bones. As well as getting healthy sun exposure, vitamin D is added to foods such as fortified soymilk, juice and breakfast cereals. Vitamin B12 All vegans need to ensure they are getting sufficient B12. Everyone over the age of 50 (whether vegan or not) requires reliable sources of vitamin B12 from fortified foods or supplements – so vegans, as usual, are just getting ahead of the game. The only reliable animal-free sources of vitamin B12 are fortified foods and B12 supplements. Vitamin B12, whether in supplements, fortified foods, or animal products, comes through micro-organisms. Look for B12-fortified foods such as plant milks, spreads, cereals and nutritional yeast (the latter is much more appetising than it sounds). The Vegan Society’s Veg1 supplement has been specifically formulated for vegans, and contains your Recommended Daily Allowance of vitamin B12. Iron It’s straightforward to obtain enough iron when you eat a rainbow of vegetables, fruits and other whole plant foods each day. -
L-Carnitine and Acylcarnitines: Mitochondrial Biomarkers for Precision Medicine
H OH metabolites OH Review L-Carnitine and Acylcarnitines: Mitochondrial Biomarkers for Precision Medicine Marc R. McCann 1 , Mery Vet George De la Rosa 2 , Gus R. Rosania 2 and Kathleen A. Stringer 1,3,4,* 1 The NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; [email protected] (M.V.G.); [email protected] (G.R.R.) 3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA 4 Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-734-647-4775 Abstract: Biomarker discovery and implementation are at the forefront of the precision medicine movement. Modern advances in the field of metabolomics afford the opportunity to readily identify new metabolite biomarkers across a wide array of disciplines. Many of the metabolites are derived from or directly reflective of mitochondrial metabolism. L-carnitine and acylcarnitines are established mitochondrial biomarkers used to screen neonates for a series of genetic disorders affecting fatty acid oxidation, known as the inborn errors of metabolism. However, L-carnitine and acylcarnitines are not routinely measured beyond this screening, despite the growing evidence that shows their clinical utility outside of these disorders. Measurements of the carnitine pool have been used to identify the disease and prognosticate mortality among disorders such as diabetes, sepsis, cancer, and heart failure, as well as identify subjects experiencing adverse drug reactions from various medications like valproic acid, clofazimine, zidovudine, cisplatin, propofol, and cyclosporine. -
Enzymatic Assay of L-METHIONINE GAMMA-LYASE (EC 4.4.1.11)
Enzymatic Assay of L-METHIONINE GAMMA-LYASE (EC 4.4.1.11) PRINCIPLE: L-Methionine Gamma-Lyase L-Methionine > Methanethiol + 2-Ketobutyrate + NH3 2-Ketobutyrate + MBTH > Azine Derivative Abbreviation used: MBTH = 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolinone CONDITIONS: T = 37°C, pH = 8.0, A320nm, Light path = 1 cm METHOD: Stopped Spectrophotometric Rate Determination REAGENTS: A. 100 mM Potassium Phosphate Buffer with 25 mM L-Methionine and 0.01 mM Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate, pH 8.0 at 37°C1 (Prepare 100 ml in deionized water using Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic, Anhydrous, Sigma Prod. No. P-5379, L-Methionine, Sigma Prod. No. M-9625, and Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate, Sigma Prod. No. P-9255. Adjust to pH 8.0 at 37°C with 5 M KOH.) B. 50% (w/v) Trichloroacetic Acid Solution (TCA) (Prepare 5 ml in deionized water using Trichloroacetic Acid, 6.1 N Solution, approximately 100% (w/v), Sigma Stock No. 490-10.) C. 1 M Sodium Acetate Buffer, pH 5.0 at 37°C (NaOAC) (Prepare 100 ml in deionized water using Sodium Acetate, Trihydrate, Sigma Prod. No. S-8625. Adjust to pH 5.0 at 37°C with 5 M HCl.) D. 0.1% (w/v) 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolinone Hydrazone (MBTH) (Prepare 10 ml in deionized water using 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolinone Hydrazone, Hydrochloride Hydrate, Sigma Prod. No. M-8006.) SSMETH01 Page 1 of 4 07/29/98 Enzymatic Assay of L-METHIONINE GAMMA-LYASE (EC 4.4.1.11) REAGENTS: E. 100 mM Potassium Phosphate Buffer with 1 mM Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid, 0.01% (v/v) 2-Mercaptoethanol and 0.02 mM Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate, pH 7.2 at 37°C (Enzyme Diluent)1 (Prepare 10 ml in deionized water using Potassium Phosphate, Monobasic, Anhydrous, Sigma Prod. -
Evaluation of Patient with Thyroid Disorders
IJRPC 2013, 3(2) Roshni et al. ISSN: 22312781 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY Available online at www.ijrpc.com Review Article EVALUATION OF PATIENT WITH THYROID DISORDERS Roshni PR*, Rajan VK, Meenuvijayan and RemyaReghu Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Kochi, Kerala, Thiruvanthapuram, India. The thyroid gland is one of the is difficult to demarcate the gland's upper and largest endocrine glands. The thyroid gland is lower border with vertebral levels because it found in the neck, below the thyroid moves position in relation to these during cartilage (which forms the laryngeal swallowing. prominence, or "Adam's apple"). The isthmus The thyroid gland is covered by a thin fibrous (the bridge between the two lobes of the sheath, the capsulaglandulaethyroidea, thyroid) is located inferior to the cricoid composed of an internal and external layer. cartilage. The external layer is anteriorly continuous with The thyroid gland controls how quickly the the lamina pretrachealis fasciae cervicalis and body uses energy, makes proteins, and posteriorolaterally continuous with the carotid controls how sensitive the body is to sheath. The gland is covered anteriorly other hormones. It participates in these with infrahyoid muscles and laterally with processes by producing thyroid hormones, the the sternocleidomastoid muscle also known as principal ones being tri iodothyronine (T3) and sternomastoid muscle. On the posterior side, a thyroxin which can sometimes be referred to the gland is fixed to the cricoid and tracheal as tetraiodothyronine (T4). These hormones cartilage and cricopharyngeus muscle by a regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the thickening of the fascia to form the posterior growth and rate of function of many other suspensory ligament of Berry1,2. -
Fluorinated Analogues of Glutamic Acid and Glutamine R
γ-Fluorinated analogues of glutamic acid and glutamine R. Dave, B. Badet, Patrick Meffre To cite this version: R. Dave, B. Badet, Patrick Meffre. γ-Fluorinated analogues of glutamic acid and glutamine. Amino Acids, Springer Verlag, 2003, 24 (3), pp.245-261. 10.1007/s00726-002-0410-9. hal-02002676 HAL Id: hal-02002676 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02002676 Submitted on 11 Feb 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. γ-Fluorinated analogues of glutamic acid and glutamine Review Article 1 2 1 R. Dave , B. Badet , and P. Meffre 1 UMR 7573-C.N.R.S., ENSCP, Paris, France 2 UPR 2301-CNRS, ICSN, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Summary. γ-Fluorinated analogues of glutamic acid and glutamine N-bromosuccinimide; NFSi, N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide; NMR, are compounds of biological interest. Syntheses of such compounds nuclear magnetic resonance; 2-PrOH, isopropanol; PTSA, p- are extensively reviewed in this article. 4-Fluoroglutamic acid toluenesulfonic acid; TCDI, thiocarbonyldiimidazole; TEMPO, was prepared as a mixture of racemic diastereomers by Michael 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl; TFA, trifluoroacetic acid. reaction, inverse-Michael reaction or by electrophilic / nucleophilic fluorination.