Summary Report Introduction environmental sustainability and planetary boundaries, new sources of data, and behavioural insights for policy. Each of these issues was addressed Over 1400 participants from 60 countries attended from the perspective of how better evidence and th the 5 OECD World Forum on Statistics, measurement can lead to concrete change in policy th Knowledge and Policy in Guadalajara on the 13-15 and behaviour to improve people’s lives. In this October 2015, co-organised by OECD and INEGI, regard, a major underlying theme of the whole with the support of the Government of Jalisco. Over conference was the impact of the newly-launched the three days, panellists from all di erent sectors Sustainable Development Goal agenda (launched at of society – including government, civil society, the UN General Assembly the month before), which national statistics o ces, international organisations, itself has integrated well-being and sustainability press, and the private sector – presented examples concerns into a much broader and inclusive set of initiatives related to the Forum theme of of goals and targets than its predecessor, the “Transforming Policy, Changing Lives” to improve Millennium Development Goal agenda. In addition, well-being and sustainability. Sessions were held the Forum saw the public launches of several in a variety of formats to enable di erent kinds important projects: the 2015 edition of agship of interaction between speakers and with the OECD publication, “How’s Life?”, the joint OECD-INEGI audience, from Roundtables and Keynote speeches project on “Well-being in Mexican States” including in the Plenary Room, to issue-based Parallel Sessions the new INEGI System of Well-being Indicators in and Lunchtime Panels, and smaller workshops in Mexican States platform, and the OECD-led initiative the Morning Seminars. The issues addressed by the “How’s Life in Latin America?”. Overall, this 5th OECD di erent sessions covered a multitude of topics, World Forum showed that the well-being agenda including city and urban planning, corruption is moving rapidly ahead, and has now become and government integrity, social cohesion and mainstreamed within policy discussions at the very violence, inclusive growth, mental health, social and highest level. It also served to showcase innovative emotional skills, job quality, gender equality, social example of real-world change from across the world mobility, empowering minorities, child wellbeing, and from many di erent societal actors.
Eduardo Sojo, President of the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) and Martine Durand, Chief Statistician and Director, Statistics Directorate, OECD 2 Day : Tuesday October
Plenary: Welcome Addresses to make better policies to improve sustainability Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic and well-being. He spoke of the innovative research Co-operation and Development (OECD) undertaken by INEGI is introduce new indicators Eduardo Sojo, President of the Mexican National Institute of Statistics on well-being, green GDP, unpaid work, culture, and Geography (INEGI) job quality, and trust. He also noted that not that Aristóteles Sandoval, Governor of the State of Jalisco, Mexico long ago, governments did not take into account concepts such as well-being, but that today things Angel Gurría gave the rst welcome remarks, are very di erent. Aristóteles Sandoval spoke of setting the scene for this 5th OECD World Forum the impressive economic performance in his state, on Statistics, Knowledge and Policy. He referred noting that it is important to look beyond these to the fact that the world is facing challenges on a gures to have a clearer picture of social well-being. number of fronts – recovering from the wounds of He focused on the issue of inequality, and said a serious crisis, rising inequality, climate change – that we cannot talk of successful economies where and that urgent action is needed to change policy hunger and deprivation also exist, and that these are and institutions. He talked about how improving priorities for his government. He also talked of the well-being has become the core foundation of important role of local and regional governments, OECD’s work, and that the Organisation stands and explained that well-being has become a central ready to be a key partner in helping countries to tenet of policy in Jalisco under his leadership. achieve the ambitious but necessary Sustainable Development Goals. Eduardo Sojo emphasised the important role of measurement to empower governments, decision makers and society as a whole
Aristóteles Sandoval, Governor of the State of Jalisco, Mexico and Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 3 Plenary: Keynote speech on The opening Roundtable of the Forum gave an “Achievin well-bein for all in a overview of the transformation of policy and post- world” behaviour that is already happening in the public and private sectors, by presenting the viewpoints of high-level policy makers and practitioners who are putting into place concrete policies and projects to Enrique Iglesias, Former Secretary General of SEGIB and Former President of IADB improve lives. Moderated by Martine Durand, Chief (Introduction: Mario Pezzini, Director, Development Centre, OECD) Statistician of the OECD, the session began with interventions from the government perspective. After an introduction by Mario Pezzini, Enrique José Antonio Meade, Mexican Minister of Social Iglesias gave a compelling keynote speech on the Development, talked of the central importance of need to focus on the quality of growth, rather than well-being measurement for assessing whether growth alone, and on sustainability. He emphasised the strategies and resources employed to achieve that the planet can no longer bear the way our di erent development objectives (such as the society produces and consumes, and that action is Sustainable Development Goals) are achieving urgently needed (noting that the COP21 summit in the desired results. He stressed three aspects Paris in December 2015 will be a great opportunity necessary for successful policies against poverty and to address this issue). Iglesias emphasised three deprivation: rst, successful cooperation between main aspects for policy makers to focus on. First, on government, civil society and the private sector; improving the quality of education, stating that this second, building relationships across ministries needs to take into account not only knowledge, but and disciplines, as poverty is a multidimensional also values such as solidarity, tolerance, generosity challenge; and third, adapting policies to the needs and empathy so that new generations have to of the targeted population and territories. Meade be more aware of the problems we are facing expanded on these points with reference to the worldwide. Second, there is a need to strengthen “Crusade Against Hunger” being implemented the e ciency of the State in order to ensure that under the coordination of the Ministry of Social democratic governments can deal with the demands Development. Icelandic Minister of Finance and of the private sector. And third, strengthening trust Economic A airs, Bjarni Benediktsson, talked of the in the private and public sectors, as people have to e orts of his own country to overcome the nancial trust each other to be able to build a fairer and safer crisis while protecting the well-being of its citizens, society where development means achieving well- explaining that it has managed to achieve this due being for all. to the strength of its welfare state and an emphasis on policies of social inclusion. He gave a particular emphasis to the importance of strengthening female Plenary: Roundtable on participation in economic activities. Aristóteles “Transformin policy and behaviour Sandoval, Governor of the State of Jalisco, then to improve lives: it’s already spoke from the perspective of regional government, happenin ” explaining the principles underlying his initiative to put well-being at the heart of all policy in his state. Moderator: Martine Durand, Chief Statistician and Director, Statistics These include: recognising that people’s well-being Directorate, OECD is directly linked to environmental sustainability; José Antonio Meade, Minister of Social Development, Mexico reducing inequalities in health, education and Bjarni Benediktsson, Minister of Finance and Economic A airs, Iceland economic opportunity; combatting corruption and Aristóteles Sandoval, Governor of the State of Jalisco, Mexico strengthening the rule of law; and supporting social Gus O’Donnell, Chairman, Frontier Economics, former UK Cabinet cohesion by listening to the voices of citizens. The Secretary, UK next three speakers brought non-governmental Obed Louissaint, Vice-President People and Culture, IBM Watson Nishant Lalwani, Vice President, Global Innovation Fund perspectives from the private sector and civil society. Gus O’Donnell, Chairman of Frontier Economics, spoke from his long experience with the well-being 4 agenda in the UK, where he was involved in the societal actors towards a common goal; second, its adoption of well-being measurement as a priority exibility to work with di erent sectors and across for the government (as former Cabinet Secretary) di erent nancial platforms to foster innovation; and and now heads an independent consultancy. He last but not least, the emphasis on evidence-based stressed the importance of convincing the private decision-making. sector to participate in the well-being agenda, arguing that governments and civil society have to Launch of the edition of the convince rms that enhancing the well-being of their OECD report How’s Life? customers and workers is also good for them. He said that well-being provides a framework for assessing Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Co- social costs in the long-term, and the challenge operation and Development (OECD) is to convince private sector stakeholders to take Martine Durand, Chief Statistician and Director, Statistics Directorate, on a longer-term mind set for their actions. Obed OECD Louissaint, Vice President at IBM Watson, argued that the idea that corporations have to choose one OECD Secretary General Angel Gurría, and Chief stakeholder over another is incorrect, as they need Statistician Martine Durand, launched the third to choose a balance between the interests of their edition of the organisation’s agship well-being employees, clients, investors, and the communities publication How’s Life? 2015: Measuring Well-Being. where they are placed if they want to be sustainable Gurría highlighted the essential role that well- over time. Nishant Lalwani, Vice President at the being plays in OECD analysis, emphasising that Global Innovation Fund, talked about the work of while governments around the world are focused the Fund to improve the well-being of the poor in on “growth, growth, and growth”, it’s important to developing countries through nancing innovative remind ourselves what we want that growth for in projects. He highlighted three key elements in the the rst place: namely, to increase the well-being successful functioning of the fund, which echoed of people. How’s Life? provides essential statistics the points made by previous panellists: rst, the for monitoring and assessing well-being in OECD cooperation between di erent governments and
Angel Gurría, Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 5 and partner countries, both in terms of material being, including how policies are designed and conditions (such as income, jobs and housing) and implemented (beyond what they deliver). He also the broader quality of people’s lives (such as health, argued that such measures should be collected in all education, work-life balance, environment, social types of surveys and for di erent groups of people, connections, civic engagement, subjective well- including children; and that life-satisfaction should being and safety). Three key ndings from the report have the most prominent role, although other were highlighted. The rst is that children are paying aspects should be measured as well. He said that a high price for rising inequality among adults, with information on subjective well-being has already children from less a uent backgrounds experiencing proven its value for policies, by focusing attention of lower well-being across a wide range of measures. policy makers on the importance of mental health The second relates to the role of volunteering in for people’s misery in the United Kingdom, and by raising well-being, both for the wider community in uencing the design of the 1998 prison reform in and for volunteers themselves. Finally, inequalities in Singapore. well-being were highlighted, underscoring the need to consider the distribution of well-being across di erent groups in society, including across di erent Parallel session: Liveable cities geographic regions. Moderator: Ana Marie Argilagos, Ford Foundation, USA Lunchtime panel: How does Carlos Medina Plascencia, Former Governor of the State of Guanajuato, co-founder of the Fundación Internacional para el Desarrollo de Happiness fit into the Sustainable Gobiernos Con ables, FIDEGOC, Mexico Development A enda? David Lammy, Member of Parliament, UK Ellis. J. Juan, General Coordinator, IDB Emerging and sustainable cities Moderator: Marco Mira D’Ercole, Head, Division for Household initiative Statistics and Progress Measurement, Statistics Directorate, OECD Monica Villegas, Director, Bógota Como Vamos, Colombia Richard Layard, Director, Well-Being Programme Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, UK Moderated by Ana Marie Argilagos, this session John F. Helliwell, Senior Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced brought together representatives of government Research (CIFAR) and Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of and civil society to discuss how di erent cities British Columbia, Canada approach the challenges and opportunities related to well-being and sustainability. Ellis J. Juan The recently approved Sustainable Development spoke about the IDB’s Emerging and Sustainable Goals (SDGs) address most of the key aspects of Cities Initiative which aims to address two of people’s well-being, and yet measures of people’s the most important challenges to quality of life, happiness do not feature among them. This sustainability and competitiveness in cities in Latin lunchtime panel, chaired by Marco Mira d’Ercole, America: rapid urbanisation and climate change. addressed the important role of subjective To date the programme has provided technical well-being in achieving the SDG agenda. According and nancial assistance to 55 cities, corresponding to Richard Layard, life satisfaction should have to 53 million people, and has three main been the overarching goal of the SDGs, as even dimensions: i) environmental and climate change; in poor countries income accounts for only a tiny ii) scal responsibility and good governance; and fraction of the variance in life satisfaction (contrary iii) urbanisation. He noted that soon a fourth, on to Maslow’s notion of a ‘hierarchy of needs’). Life competitiveness will be added, and noted that satisfaction measures should also be systematically Sustainable Development Goal 11 refers to quality used in cost-bene t analysis, with all policies of life in cities. Within this context, a tool has been assessed by the changes in (inequality-adjusted) life developed to predict the expansion of the urban satisfaction per unit of expenditure. John Helliwell footprint and help to plan infrastructure investment stressed that measures of subjective well-being are accordingly. Lessons learned so far highlight the important because they convey the voices of people importance of people-focussed planning, and of and re ect the importance of many drivers of well- 6 strengthening tax systems to fund improvements in most of the countries reviewed, she stressed the in infrastructure, water and waste management. large recovery of trust in Uruguay since 2004; she Carlos Medina referred to existing international also identi ed as key drivers of trust in institutions standards that can provide guidance to local the pace of economic growth, inequalities in income governments to improve transparency, e ciency, and wealth, people’s perceptions on the prevalence and to strengthen public trust. He said that these of transparency, corruption and discrimination norms provide a map for cooperation between in society, policy goals, and the degree of citizens and governments in order to foster not representation in public institutions. Lisa Grace only economic aims, but also institutional, social Bersales noted that the concept of ‘governance’ and environmental objectives. Mónica Villegas has been operationalised in the Philippines based talked about the work of Bógota Como Vamos, a on a framework that distinguishes between public citizens’ initiative that builds systems of quality of institutions, the business sector and civil society and, life measurement to improve governance, generate within each of these, between economic, political better policies and empower citizens. Como Vamos and administrative governance. The statistical o ce works together with the population, and especially measures these di erent aspects of governance vulnerable groups, to provide people with hard data through a set of indicators that are then combined and technical assistance so empowered citizens into a ‘good governance’ index for the various can communicate and work with government to provinces. Following the approval of an ‘anti red improve their communities. Finally, David Lammy tape’ act in 2007, an independent Civil Service spoke from his experience as a politician in London Commission regularly provides ratings of di erent where the lack of a ordable housing is generating government o ces in the country. Juan Pardinas a number of problems for disadvantaged residents drew attention to di erences in people’s trust in such as segregation in ghettos or lack of space various public institutions in Mexico, identifying as for the growth and development of children. He key drivers of these di erences the existence of clear emphasised the importance of developing inner-city leadership, of a clear mandate, and the importance of employment opportunities and housing in order to meritocracy in the career system of civil servants. He combat inequality. drew attention to the special challenges in creating trust faced by countries that moved to democracy before having established an e ective rule of law, Parallel session: Trustworthy and to the importance of web-tools allowing users overnment and institutions to ‘rate’ and share their personal assessment of the quality of various public institutions. Moderator: Mario Palma Rojo, Vice-President, INEGI, Mexico Marta Lagos, Founder of Latinobarómetro, Chile Juan Pardinas, Director-General, Instituto Mexicano para la Parallel session: Cohesive and Competitividad (IMCO), Mexico Peaceful societies Lisa Grace S. Bersales, National Statistician and Civil Registrar General, Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), Philippines Moderator: Judy Cheng-Hopkins, Adjunct professor, Columbia University, former Special Advisor to the UN Secretary General on the What is ‘good governance’? What is trust, and can University for Peace it be measured? Panellists provided a variety of John F. Helliwell, Senior Fellow of the Canadian Institute for Advanced answers to these questions posed by Mario Palma, Research (CIFAR) and Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of who moderated the session. Marta Lagos used data British Columbia, Canada from social surveys and ‘barometers’ conducted Nguyen Thi Lan Huong, Director-General of the Institute of Labour in 134 countries around the world to highlight Science and Social A airs (ILSSA), Vietnam large di erences in levels of trust in others and Ayache Khellaf, Director of Economic Forecasting and Prospective in institutions, both across countries in the same Studies, High Commission for Planning, Morocco continent and across di erent types of institutions. José Enriquez, Cure Violence, USA While people’s trust in government has declined The drivers of con ict and instability are numerous 7 and complex, and are exacerbated by rising Plenary: Roundtable: on “Well-bein inequalities between di erent socio-economic, at the local and re ional level: age, and cultural or ethnic groups. How to respond achievements and challen es” to social instability in an impactful and meaningful way? Which policies are needed to strengthen Moderator: Rolf Alter, Director, Public Governance and Territorial social inclusion and tolerance, and to promote Development, OECD more peaceful and cohesive societies? The panel, Fabrizio Barca, Ministry for Economy and Finance, former Minister for moderated by Judy Cheng-Hopkins, featured four Territorial Cohesion, Italy contributions with a wide diversity of perspectives, Graco Ramírez, Governor of the State of Morelos, Mexico from recent examples of economic reforms to foster Claudia Serrano, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Chile to inclusive growth, to local interventions to reduce the OECD violence, as well as new measurement initiatives David Medina, Chief Operating O cer and Co-Founder, Results for to understand and build cohesive societies. America, USA According to Ayache Khellaf, the success story of David Lammy, Member of Parliament, UK the Moroccan economic reforms was largely due to their inclusive approach, e.g. they were based on a This panel, moderated by Rolf Alter, addressed national consensus including economic operators a range of issues speci c to implementing well- and social partners. In addition, they aimed at being policy at the local and regional level. Claudia empowering local and regional institutions and at Serrano made reference to the ‘capability approach’ fostering the integration of disadvantaged societal developed by Amartya Sen, saying that while groups, notably women. Thi Lan Huong Nguyen well-being means developing our full capacity as provided evidence along the same lines when she individuals, often the region where people are born presented the Vietnamese strategy to enhance social undermines their opportunities and doesn’t allow stability and cohesion. She drew attention to the them to achieve this; we therefore also need to apply importance of including all stakeholders, underlying the capabilities approach to regional territories, to the role of NGOs, and of giving a voice to the most allow the full development of their inhabitants. She vulnerable in societies. She also outlined the role of argued that national averages that hide regional decentralisation to local authorities in contributing diversity are not useful to guide public policy and to the success of the reforms. However, she noted better data are needed, but accurate data alone that there were some issues with implementation are not enough to bring about change without due in particular to corruption in economic and the necessary political will and technical capacity. political circles. Jose Enriquez, a consultant from US Graco Ramirez highlighted that Morelos is the Cure Violence, explained how violence was reduced only Mexican state that is subject to the evaluation in the Mexican state of Chihuahua between 2008 of the OECD and INEGI in terms of well-being. He and 2012. He described how the organisation treats explained the measures that the state have put in violence as if it were a contagious epidemic, and uses place to improve people’s well-being, including an epidemiological approach to combat its spread: implementing a social investment program, interrupting transmission, preventing future spread, providing high school and university students with and changing group norms. Finally, John Helliwell, scholarships, incorporating single-mothers into from the Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, the labour market by providing them with training, made the case for using subjective well-being data and creating and recovering public spaces. Ramirez to understand and build cohesive societies. Building explained that these initiatives have also helped to on the example of migration, and recalling that reduce violence and combat corruption in his state. happiness was increasing with social cohesion, he David Lammy argued that there is a need for a advocated that policies should focus on improving strategy at the national and local level to shift the quality of life and happiness in migrants’ countries system from focusing just on growth to focusing on of origin. well-being. In the long-term focussing on well-being pays back; but one has to convince governments that well-being policies are an ally rather than a 8 monetary burden. Fabrizio Barca, talked about the Italian experience, where 25% of people live in small villages far away from services. Barca explained how the use of well-being indicators promoted a debate among citizens that promoted better leadership and contributed to the design of more e ective local policies. Finally, David Medina described how his organisation “Results for America” works with governments to use data and evidence to improve people’s lives. They follow three principles: rst, build evidence on what works; second, invest in what works; and three, shift money from what doesn’t work. They have launched the “What Works for Cities? Initiative”, a project to help 100 mid-size cities in the US to build infrastructure based on evidence of what works.
Day : Wednesday October
Mornin seminar: Achievin Better co-ordination within the international statistical Data for Better Lives in Developin system, which impacts negatively on country Countries systems. With respect to the rst issue, many examples were given how the data revolution could Moderator: Johannes Jütting, Manager of the Partnership in Statistics strengthen and build on existing systems e.g. by for Development in the 21st Century (PARIS21) Secretariat using tablets for data collection. One key element Shaida Badiee, Director, Open Data Watch driving the success of the implementation of new Lisa Grace S. Bersales, National Statistician and Civil Registrar General, innovations is the capacity of NSO sta and their Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) incentives for change. Turning to the question of Ania Calderón, Director General of Open data, O ce of the President, co-ordination, it was noted that everybody is for it Mexico but nobody wants to be “co-ordinated” in practice. Martine Durand, Chief Statistician and Director, Statistics Directorate, A better understanding of the di erent governance OECD structures of actors is required in order to understand Enrico Giovannini, former Minister of Labour and Social policies, Italy their incentives for co-operation and to be able to Claire Melamed, Director , Overseas Development Institute, UK. identify common projects where everybody can bene t from. One example of such a project could More than 60 participants attended the lively be investments in data literacy. Lastly, the panellists session organised by PARIS21 around the topic discussed the role of the new Global Partnership on of how developing countries can produce more Sustainable Development Data in contributing to and better data in a rapidly changing context. The achieving more and better data. Several examples implementation of the SDGs will put a tremendous were given of areas in which the Global Partnership pressure on national statistical systems and many could help, ranging from the integration of data hurdles will have to be overcome so that countries revolution elements in NSDS to the organisation of can measure and monitor the indicators. This was multi-stakeholder exchanges on data at the local the departing point for the conversation of the six level. The session ended with an overall positive high pro le panellists in which two bottlenecks in outlook for the data landscape in developing particular were addressed: the need to combine countries, as long as signi cant investments in the “new” with the “old”, and the largely missing improving capacities will be made. 9 Mornin seminar: Mental Health and - for measuring trust and social norms through Community Development experimental techniques such as lab games and IATs (Implicit Association Tests). The workshop presented the main goals and components of the Moderator: Susan Brutschy, President, Applied Survey Research, USA Samantha Green, Applied Survey Research, USA project, and there was an engaged discussion on the Toby Ewing, California Mental Health Services Oversight and experimental design, on the “semantics” of trust and Accountabilty Commission its cross-cultural comparability, as well as on the risks Geo Woolcock, Manager of Research & Strategy, Wesley Mission involved by using money to elicit social norms. Brisbane, Australia Jon Hall, National Human Development Reports, UNDP. Plenary: Keynote speech on “How do This session provided an overview of mental health we ensure that prosperity is shared and well-being, with special attention given to its by all?” role in community, state, and national development. It presented examples of local measurement to Joseph E. Stiglitz, Professor of Economics, Business and International explain why social and emotional well-being matters A airs, Columbia University, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences and how a focus on mental health with outcome (Introduction: Eduardo Sojo, President, INEGI) driven investment can enhance long-term social and economic returns. After an introduction from Eduardo Sojo, Joseph Stiglitz began his intervention by stating that greater equality and improved performance can Mornin seminar: Trustlab and be considered complementary. He stated that true Measurin Trust and Social Norms prosperity goes beyond income and consumption, with Experimental Techniques to include health, education, economic and non- economic security, and opportunity. Implicitly, This seminar presented a new project – TRUSTLAB prosperity must also be sustainable, as re ected in the natural, social, human and physical assets
Eduardo Sojo, President of the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) and Joseph E. Stiglitz, Professor of Economics, Business and International A airs, Columbia University, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 10 of countries. Shared prosperity therefore refers to the revolution. Nabli stressed how macroeconomic the distribution of these assets across individuals policy is not an antidote to all problems, and its and social groups. Sharing prosperity is important e ectiveness for achieving inclusive growth is because inequality has negative e ects on dependent on the political environment in which economic, social and political outcomes. There it operates. Post-revolutionary macro-economic are di erent forces generating inequality, such as policy was oriented towards structural reforms globalisation, technology, new norms and political to deal with the social issues at the root of the systems, and Stiglitz emphasised that countries discontent, focussing on investment in education, with similar economic structures have signi cant training, and job creation. In Brazil, according to di erences in their degree of inequality, implying Marcelo Neri, macro-economic policies became that policy can make a di erence. Over the last thirty strongly expansionary following the global crisis, years, many countries implemented several policies but this did not prevent a deterioration of the labour (e.g. reducing tax rates and liberalising markets) that market, increased in ation and the emergence led to more inequality. On the other hand, there of macro-economic imbalances. In this context, are countries that have successfully applied policies people’s evaluations of their life as a whole and of to reduce inequality. Stiglitz also addressed the the quality of public services also dropped, leading measurement of inequality and its consequences, to mass demonstrations in 2014. In his view, Brazil’s and gave a number of examples where standard experience showed the limits of macro-economic measurement has been insu cient for giving the policies in a context of high political uncertainty, full picture, such as the true impact of the crisis and the need of structural reforms (and the potential on exacerbating inequalities in social protection, bene ts of Brazil’s membership of the OECD). Finally retirement, health and human capital. After the in Mexico, according to Luiz Madrazo, GDP growth speech, Stiglitz responded to various questions has been disappointing for many years despite the including on education reform, monetary policy, absence of macro-economic imbalances, mainly and regulation of labour and nancial markets. due to low productivity. While the new government launched an ambitious set of structural reforms, their e ects will play out only in the long run; moreover, Plenary: Roundtable on much more remains to be done to improve the rule “Transformin macro policy to of law and labour reforms, while regional inequalities achieve inclusive and sustainable remain large. A common theme stressed by all economic rowth” speakers was that political constraints often override other considerations when developing macro- Moderator: Carlos Elizondo Mayer-Serra, Professor and researcher, economic policies. In many cases, structural reforms Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), Mexico are more important than macro-economic policies Mustapha Nabli, former Governor of the Central Bank of Tunisia per se, but policy makers may have over-rated their Marcelo Neri, Chief Economist, Center for Social Policies, FGV impact and underestimated the time needed for Foundation, Brazil reforms to deliver their e ects. Luis Madrazo, Head of the Economic Planning Unit of the Treasury, Ministry of Finance. Parallel session: Skills for life The Roundtable, moderated by Carlos Elizondo Mayer-Serra, explored experiences from three Moderator: Dirk van Damme, Head of Innovation and Measuring countries: Tunisia, Brazil and Mexico. Mustapha Nabli Progress, Directorate for Education and Skills, OECD explained how the macroeconomic situation in Jennifer Adams, Director of Education and Secretary of the Board, Tunisia before the Arab Spring was almost perfect Ottawa-Carleton District School Board, Canada on the surface, with strong GDP growth, low Alejandro Adler, University of Pennsylvania, USA in ation and reduced inequality. However, a high Francisco Marmolejo, Lead Education Specialist, Education Global Practice, unemployment rate among university graduates World Bank Paula Villaseñor, Sectoral Coordinator for Social Participation and in some regions fuelled the discontent that led to and Promotion, Under-Secretariat for Middle to Higher Education, Mexico. 11 This session, moderated by Dirk van Damme Rubén Alvarado, Professor of the School of Mental Health, University focussed on the need to develop children’s emotional of Chile and social skills, alongside traditional education. Nils Fietje, World Health Organisation (WHO), Europe. Van Damme described how strengthening skills such as resiliency and relationship-building can This session, moderated by Margarita Tarragona, improve people’s quality of life, increase self-esteem discussed examples of policy responses to and happiness, and at the aggregate level can tackle mental health in di erent contexts and reduce crime, increase democratic participation policy spheres, as well as discussing the need for and interpersonal trust, and improve the economic better measures. Richard Layard set the scene, climate. Jennifer Adams explained that ‘well-being’ emphasising that the single most cost-e ective has been added to the list of priorities guiding policy action to improve people’s well-being education policy in her school district alongside would be to treat more people with mental health excellence, equity, trust in the public sector and problems. As well as being a humanitarian issue, welfare. She described the policies being used failure to treat mental health problems also has major to address the needs of three vulnerable groups economic impacts, including in terms of welfare in particular: students with special needs, those costs, absenteeism and presenteeism. Mental health who are in the process of learning English, and problems also make physical health problems harder indigenous children (First Nation inhabitants). to treat, increasing the cost of physical healthcare Alejandro Adler described his work in Bhutan to by an estimated 50%. Layard described the UK increase happiness through positive education. He Government’s “Increasing Access to Psychological explained the peculiarities of Bhutan regarding the Therapies” programme, which is generating hard measurement of Gross National Happiness, as well evidence about positive outcomes that can help as conceptual, technical and strategic intervention to make the case for intervention on a larger scale. details. Schools participating in the intervention Nils Fietje highlighted that suicide is the second taught classes in physical health, psychology and most common cause of death among young people; nutrition, and results showed that this approach led depression accounts for 4.3% of the global burden to improved academic results as well as having a of disease; and between 2011-2030 an estimated positive impact on the students’ quality of life. The US $16.3 trillion will be lost in economic output due intervention is being replicated in several countries to mental disorders. Fietje introduced Health 2020: in Asia (Nepal, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka) and Latin the European policy framework for health and well- America (Peru, Colombia, Mexico and Chile) to test being, and the European Mental Health Action Plan. whether this may provide a new universal paradigm. Hong Ma described the importance of giving policy- Francisco Marmolejo pointed to the challenges of makers a comprehensive picture of mental health tertiary education today, and the mismatch between care and needs, framed in a language they respond what employers demand and what is being o ered to. She described “Project 686”, the Chinese Central by higher education. He addressed the soft and Government’s rst mental health project, focused emotional skills required on today’s labour market, on building community service teams linking home including the ability to work in teams and in and hospital care, and providing training to mental multicultural contexts, language and ICT skills, and health specialists who then guide community health the capacity to continue learning throughout life. teams. Rubén Alvarado emphasised the role of evidence, in terms of information on the magnitude and relevance of mental health problems, as Parallel session: Mental health well as evidence on treatment e cacy, and the overwhelming economic cost-bene t case for Moderator: Margarita Tarragona, former director of the Institute of treatment. But information alone is not enough: it Science of Happiness TecMilenio, Mexico must be delivered e ectively. Rubén highlighted Richard Layard, Director, Well-Being Programme Centre for Economic the role of leadership and team-building, noting the Performance, London School of Economics, UK importance of establishing long-term alliances with Hong Ma, Executive director of the National Center for Mental Health, China Ministries, and discussed the factors that contributed 12 to the success of the Program for the Treatment of Launch and Press Conference: Depression in Primary Care (PTDPC) in Chile. Well-bein in Mexican States
Parallel session: Job quality Angel Gurría, OECD Secretary-General Eduardo Sojo, President, INEGI Aristóteles Sandoval, Governor of the State of Jalisco, Mexico. Moderator: Rafael Diez de Medina, Chief Statistician and Director of the Department of Statistics. International Labour Organization (ILO) Angel Gurría presented the preliminary version of Keld Thornæs, Human Resource Manager, Lån & Spar Bank, Denmark Sangheon Lee, Research and Policy Coordinator for Conditions of Work the publication “Measuring Well-Being in Mexican and Employment Programme, ILO States”, a report that gathers the main results of the Oriana Tickell, Consultant, iOpener joint project between the OECD, the Mexican states Sandrine Cazes, Household Statistics and Progress, Measurement, and INEGI to measure well-being in the 32 Mexican Statistics Directorate, OECD. states through a system of well-being indicators that follows the OECD framework to measure well-being. Why does quality matter, and how should it be The report shows that there are large disparities de ned? What responsibilities do government across Mexican states in most dimensions of well- and companies have to ensure the well-being of being. On the other hand, over the last ten years, workers in the workplace? At a time when the world well-being disparities have narrowed in health, economy is yet to recover from the crisis, how much accessibility to services, housing and environment should policy focus on the quality of jobs? To these thanks to the improvement in lagging regions. questions posed by Raphael Diez de Medina, who Eduardo Sojo launched the website “System of moderated the session, the four panelists provided Well-Being Indicators by State” where 35 well- various perspectives. Sandrine Cazes introduced the being indicators distributed across 12 well-being new OECD Job Quality Framework (focusing on how dimensions are publicly available (http://www3.inegi. job quality was de ned and measured) and discussed org.mx/app/bienestar/). Policy makers and users can some methodological choices and indicators selected now use di erent visualisation tools to compare the to assess the three key dimensions of job quality: performance of their state to the national value and earnings quality, labour market security and the quality the performance of other states in a given year or of the working environment. She also presented the over time. The website will be continuously updated main adjustments made to the framework to capture with the release of new data and new indicators will the most salient characteristics of the labour markets be included accordingly to the needs of government of emerging economies. Sangheon Lee, from the ILO, and citizens. focused on policy actions, exploring the di culties of promoting job quality, despite wider recognition Lunchtime Panel: Openin up of the importance of the topic. He made the case for well-bein statistics to new labour market regulations and the discussed the right audiences: opportunities and policy mix needed to ensure good labour market challen es (includin presentation performances in terms of quantitative and qualitative of the prize for the Web-COSI/ outcomes. Keld Thornæs and Oriana Tickell gave Wikipro ress data visualisation two complementary business perspectives, stressing competition) both the importance of companies’ engagement in job quality as part of corporate social responsibility. During the oor discussion, there was a general Moderator: Kate Scrivens, Wikiprogress Project Manager OECD Donatella Fazio, Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat), Italy interest for the OECD Job Quality framework and an Enrico Giovannini, former Minister of Labour and Social policies, Italy overall recognition of the necessity of engaging with and Chair of Web-COSI Advisory Board all stakeholders, and notably companies (i.e. reaching Alice Feng, Web-COSI/Wikiprogress Data Visualisation winner out to CEOs and not only Human Resources sta ). Andrew Mollica, Web-COSI/Wikiprogress Data Visualisation winner
13 This lunchtime panel, moderated by Kate Scrivens, The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) launched presented the EC-funded project Web-COSI, which at the UN General Assembly in September 2015 will aims to involve new audiences in ‘beyond GDP’ further increase demand on statistical o ces to statistics. Donatella Fazio described the aims expand their e orts into new territory, while new and achievements of the project in detail, which technology and data sources o er great promise but has developed a number of outputs including a come with their own hazards. Ravi Kanbur opened crowdsourced ‘map’ of over 150 ‘Beyond GDP’ this roundtable by highlighting three key challenges: initiatives, the Wikiprogress data portal to upload i) Prioritisation: where are national statistical o ces and download relevant information and data, (NSOs) going to put their resources?; ii) Capacity: how as well as a number of workshops, papers and are statistical o ces going to be able to implement other activities. Enrico Giovannini spoke on the the measurement demands?; and iii) Inclusive importance of involving a broader range of actors monitoring: how can we ensure that the voices of civil in the discussion on well-being measurement and society can be re ected in the evidence collected? ‘Beyond GDP’ data. He focused on the need to Pali Lehola focused his remarks on rapidly evolving better communicate the meaning of the numbers forms of data technology and informatics, and the through data visualisation, and also to promote challenges these pose for NSOs - who typically statistical literacy amongst the young so that a rely on well-established and tested methods, wider range of viewpoints can contribute to the and can struggle to integrate new innovations at debate. The three winners of the Wikiprogress Data speed. Private sector interests are also potentially Visualisation Contest were then presented with problematic in these new forms of data. Savas Alpay their awards and given the opportunity to explain spoke about sustainability, inclusiveness and their winning entries. Alice Feng presented her inequality, highlighting the di culty of nancing visualisation on socio-eonomic inequalities in access the implementation and monitoring e ort, and the to higher education. Andrew Mollica showed his need to look for new resources and approaches. interactive tool to explore the regional distribution José Rosero underlined the importance of having of various well-being outcomes (such as education, the right institutional architecture, including housing, health, work, and safety) with data from the importance of strengthening institutions for Mexico at the municipal level. Finally, Fidel Thomet statistics. This includes giving NSOs a mandate to presented his interactive tool, "Seeking a better life”, work on SDG monitoring; planning and capacity- which combines data from the OECD’s Better Life building; regulating standards and controlling Index with migration ow data to compare quality quality; and strengthening capacity inside the of life in migrants’ home and host countries. system, including building talent and reducing sta turnover. Joe Colombano emphasised that the sheer size, breadth and depth of the SDGs represents Plenary: Roundtable on “What are the a radical departure: even countries with the most measurement and implementation sophisticated statistical systems will need more challen es of the new SDG a enda?” e ort on capacity. The “Data Revolution” has brought a positive new dynamism, and the SDGs have drawn Moderator: Ravi Kanbur, T.H. Lee Professor of World A airs, in new actors. Aligning interests and ensuring data International Professor of Applied Economics and Management and quality, certi cation and standardisation are major Professor of Economics, Cornell University, USA issues. Enrique Ordaz Lopez also raised the issue Pali Lehohla, Statistician-General, Statistics South Africa of creating new partnerships, between government, Savas Alpay, Chief Economist of the Islamic Development Bank civil society, academics and the private sector. He Jose Rosero, Executive Director, National Institute of Statistics and emphasised that statistical o ces will need to be Censuses , Ecuador Joe Colombano, Economic Advisor, Executive O ce open and understand users’ needs and concerns, of the Secretary-General, UN Enrique Ordaz, Director General of Integration, Analysis and Research, while also making the most of non-traditional INEGI. sources of data. He also highlighted the spatial dimension of the goals, and the bene ts of linking statistics to geographical information systems. 14 Plenary: Roundtable on “What are the implications of rising inequality?”
Plenary: Roundtable on “What are the wrong. Second, what about other inequalities than implications of risin inequality?” income? Hugo Beteta stressed the importance Moderator: Gonzalo Hernández-Licona, Executive Secretary and of inequalities in opportunities, noting that in founder of the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Latin America people’s ‘origin’ (as children) largely Policy (CONEVAL) determines their ‘destination’ (as adults), so it is very François Bourguignon, Emeritus Chair and Professor, Paris School of important to take into account “intergenerational” Economics, France issues when analysing inequality. Mario Pezzini Nora Lustig, Samuel Z. Stone Professor of Latin American Economics, noted the importance of inequalities among regions Tulane University, USA (rather than among people) and the vulnerability Hugo Beteta, Chief of Economic Commission for Latin America and the of the middle class in Latin America, while Caribbean (ECLAC) Subregional Headquarters, Mexico François Bourguignon noted the importance of Stefano Scarpetta, Director for Employment, Labour and Social A airs, OECD Mario Pezzini, Director, Development Centre, OECD. cronyisms and group di erences. Third, what is the role of people’s perceptions of inequality, as opposed Panellists addressed a range of questions posed to reality? Stefano Scarpetta described some of the by the chair, Gonzalo Hernández-Licona. First, patterns highlighted by the new Compare your has income inequality really increased? Yes when Income tool developed by the OECD, in particular considering the experience of OECD countries over the tendency for most people to think that they the past few decades, answered Stefano Scarpetta belong to the middle class. François Bourguignon drawing on the recent OECD report “In It Together”, argued that perceptions are as important for policies although with di erent speed and timing. But as hard facts and that a range of factors may account not in general, noted Nora Lusting, drawing on for them, including limits in available statistics the experience of Brazil and other Latin American to capture developments in the top end of the countries over the past decade. Also, the upward distribution (a limit, added Nora Lustig, that would trend may also have stabilised in some rich countries, require that statistical agency gain better access to added François Bourguignon, implying that the tax returns). Last, what is the right mix of policies to idea that income inequality can only rise is surely address inequalities? Stefano Scarpetta stressed the 15 importance of rethinking redistribution policies and examples of individual success, the aggregate of increasing the progressivity of the tax system, indicators are less positive, with a strong patriarchal as well as the role of education, health and labour mentality in cultural and social institutions that market policies; Mario Pezzini noted the importance generate persistent gender inequalities. She of mobilising additional tax revenues in many stressed that while there has been progress in areas developing countries and the link between income such as maternal mortality, reproductive health, inequality and the sectoral patterns of economic violence and composite indicators such as the growth; while Francois Bourguignon noted the Human Development Index, continued pressure importance for policies to focus on the root causes needs to be put on politicians to understand the of inequalities (e.g. eliminating monopoly rents real dimension of gender issues. Lorena Vazquez that breed the top 1%) rather than only on their Ordaz highlighted the similarities between the symptoms. situation in India and Africa, and that in Mexico, especially in rural communities. She described the Parallel session: Towards ender “Hunger Project”, which is a global project that seeks equality to reduce poverty by empowering women to realise they can be agents of change, creating safe spaces Moderator: Manal Sweidan, Head of Gender Statistics Division, for women within their communities to combat Department of Statistics, Jordan poverty and hunger. Berglind Asgeirsdottir, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Iceland to the OECD Parallel session: Social mobility Aïcha Bah Diallo, Chairman of the Forum for African Women Educationalists Moderator: Tonatiuh Guillén López, President, El Colegio de la Shailaja Chandra, Former Executive Director of the National Population Frontera Norte, Mexico Stabilisation Fund, former Chief Secretary Delhi, India Enrique Cárdenas Sánchez, Executive Director, Centro de Estudios Lorena Vazquez Ordaz, Executive Director of the Hunger Project, Mexico. Espinosa Yglesias, Mexico Catriona Williams, OBE, Commissioner, Social Mobility and Child This session, moderated by Manal Sweiden, Poverty Commission, UK explored successful policies and interventions for François Bourguignon, Emeritus Chair and Professor, Paris School of improving gender equality in di erent national Economics, France. contexts, as well as their wider implications for the well-being of current and future generations. This session, moderated by Tonatiuh Guillén Berglind Asgeirsdottir described the achievements López, examined the issue of social mobility in improving gender equity in Iceland over the last from di erent angles, bringing together experts four decades. She described policies to improve from government, academia and civil society to female labour force participation, noting the positive discuss the policies and interventions that help to impact of promoting equal paternity leave (Iceland make a di erence. Enrique Cardenas Sanchez was the rst country to ensure equality of paternity described a recent survey on social mobility in and maternity leave), and addressing other policies Mexico, whose results showed that mobility is such as establishing gender quotas for company indeed low in the country and that education is not board membership. Aicha Bah Diallo described realising its potential to overcome socio-economic the key challenges for girls and women in Africa disadvantage. He argued that a revolution in the (where over half of adolescents are outside the productive system is needed to encourage job education system), emphasizing the importance of creation, as well as a scally sustainable universal empowerment through education, which promotes healthcare system. Catriona Williams described the peace, and leads to improved health outcomes work of the Committee on Social Mobility and Child in the community and family, and economic and Poverty in the United Kingdom, which is made up of social independence for women. Shailaja Chandra representatives from across the political spectrum, explained that achievements of gender equity in as well as the private sector and civil society. She India are uneven, and that while there are good stressed that the UK is a country highly divided by 16 Parallel session: Towards gender equality social barriers, which will be extremely di cult to overcome. She talked of regional discrepancies in Parallel session: Empowerin educational performance and, as a result, other minorities social outcomes, as well as the in uence of an unequal education system, with the minority of Moderator: Shane Houston, Deputy Vice-Chancellor, University of students attending private schools receiving a Sydney, Australia disproportionate advantage in the labour market. Ricardo Antonio Bucio Mújica, Executive Secretary of the National System for the Integral Protection of Children and Adolescents She highlighted a number of recommendations for (Governance Secretariat), Mexico combatting these barriers, including encouraging Atawhai Tibble, Treasury of New Zealand businesses to have more transparent selection Omar Khan, Director of Runnymede Trust, UK processes and to invest more in the professional Alfonso Villalva, Founding member United Way Worldwide Leadership development of students from disadvantaged Council; Chair, Fondo Unido, I.A.P., Mexico. backgrounds. Finally, François Bourguignon spoke of the di erence between inequality of income and This session, moderated by Shane Houston, looked inequality of opportunity, and the close relationship at how to better take into account the voices of between the two concepts. He argued that while those experiencing reduced opportunity due policies to encourage social mobility usually focus to their race, ethnicity or origin, and presented on the latter concept (inequality of opportunity), examples of evidence-based policies to empower the vicious circle may be broken by focussing on ethnic minorities. Ricardo Bucio Mújica addressed attaining a more equal distribution of income in the need for better data and evidence to be applied societies. to the design of public policy for minority groups. He referred to the importance of changes in legislation and classi cation of excluded groups which have given them greater visibility in policy discussions and which have led to improvements in their quality of life, and to their integration into society. 17 Atawhai Tibble described a 2013 survey conducted among the Maori population in New Zealand, which has allowed the Maori to use the results to develop their own strategies for improving community well-being, and has led to them to demand more information and new measures that re ect their own priorities and interests. Omar Khan echoed the need to better integrate the ethnic dimension into well-being measurement in order to better understand the discrimination or exclusion faced by minority groups. He stressed the links between the experience of discrimination and reduced wellbeing, loss of dignity and lowered self-esteem, and argued that the development of measurement and policy aimed at better understanding and tackling the challenges faced by minorities needs to be driven by a sense of societal values, and not just be economic considerations. Alfonso Villalba referred to the work carried out by the United Way Worldwide Leadership Council and emphasised the need to work in a cooperative manner, and change the way we communicate and support sustainable projects to improve the well-being of minority groups.
Day : Thursday October
Mornin seminar: Child Well-bein child-age coverage, data quality issues, and coherent and complementary approaches to meeting the Dominic Richardson, Senior Education Specialist, the UNICEF O ce of multiple social progress goals – across multiple Research – Innocenti policies – these types of statistical initiatives present. Sean Slade, Outreach Director, Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (ASCD), USA Mornin seminar: Strate ic challen es David Gri th, Public Policy Director, Association for Supervision and in measurin pro ress - inte ration, Curriculum Development (ASCD), USA. application and lobal research This seminar included presentations on, and an open discussion of, the challenge of measuring Mike Salvaris, Chairman, Australian National Development Index and monitoring child well-being outcomes for (ANDI) Limited, and Convenor, GPRNet informing public policy development from the Enrico Giovannini, former Minister of Labour and Social policies, Italy perspective of international organisation and civil Jon Hall, National Human Development Reports, UNDP society actors. The discussion focused on the issues Decharut Sukkumnoed, Thailand National Progress Indicators Programme. related to development and use of indicators and indices of child well-being, and national monitoring The seminar’s aim was to discuss developments and frameworks, for promoting e ective and e cient successes in the global movement in measuring policies for children. In particular, this seminar societal and community progress in the past decade touched on issues such as: gaps in conceptual and and identify the most important strategic risks and opportunities, and likely development paths of this 18 movement, in the next 5 years and beyond. The He said that agriculture is the greatest driver speakers were selected for their extensive experience of ecosystem loss, so we have to learn how to in this movement from diverse perspectives: policy balance agriculture and ecosystems, and high-tech and governance, statistics, research, community and agriculture as it is applied today is economically democratic. There was general agreement amongst and ecologically unsustainable, and its social, the speakers that much progress has been made over economic and environmental externalities are the past decade on a number of fronts and in many unacceptable. Sarukhan explained that given the countries in developing better and more community- ecological diversity of highly diverse countries, such based measurement systems. The fact that there is as Mexico, no single agricultural system can ensure now clearly a ‘global movement’ in this eld is itself food security and a variety of agricultural systems perhaps the strongest evidence for this, as is the are required. Instead, in order to implement such a rapid growth of societal measurement programs variety of systems we need to understand and help and initiatives in many countries and communities, to improve traditional agro-technologies with full and in international organisations like the EU and participation of farmers. Sarukhan stated that much the World Bank. At the highest level, strong recent can be learned from the genetic adaptability of developments in the UN Sustainable Development crops in Mexico, this knowledge could contribute to Goals (SDG) programme (endorsed internationally further adaptation in the context of climate change earlier that month) and its growing emphasis on while ensuring food sovereignty. He concluded indicators of progress and well-being, are also partly by arguing that more public-funded research in an outcome of this movement. Speakers identi ed agriculture is needed, especially on sustainable or discussed ve strategic issues for the next decade: intensi cation, maintenance and use of agricultural (i) aligning the ‘Beyond GDP’ movement with the biodiversity. SDG agenda, (ii) continuing the substantial work that has been done to critique, revise and improve the Plenary: Roundtable on “People’s GDP measure; (iii) turning new measures into policy, well-bein within the planet’s (iv) developing an international standard of social boundaries” progress measurement, and (v) coordinating global research and action through the creation of a global research centre on progress and its measurement. Moderator: Walter Radermacher, Director-General of Eurostat David Miller, CEO, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Canada and Former Mayor of Toronto Plenary: Keynote speech on Katherine Trebeck, Oxfam GB, UK “Chan in behaviour for sustainable Julia Carabias Lillo, Professor , UNAM, Mexico well-bein ” Helen Mountford, Director of Economics, World Resources Institute and Programme Director, New Climate Economy José Sarukhan, National Coordinator, CONABIO Francesco Gaetani, Science Policy Programme O cer, UNEP. (Introduction: David Miller, CEO, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Canada and Former Mayor of Toronto). Moderator, Walter Radermacher, opened the session asking how to increase well-being today After a brief introduction from David Miller, without jeopardising the well-being of future José Sarukhan opened his address with some key generations. Answering this question implies dealing questions: How do we link our natural surroundings with risks and uncertainty, as well as looking at to current and future well-being? How do we the resilience of systems. He stressed that there is sustain sovereign food production in the context evidence that many countries with high Human of climate change? How can we use biodiversity to Development Index scores are also the ones with a adapt to climate change and to ensure sovereignty high Ecological Footprint, and governments have in food production? Sarukhan contended that the to nd the way to achieve better living conditions way the population of the 21st century will be without further harming the environment. Katherine fed will determine the future of our ecosystems. Trebeck warned that climate change threatens the progress made in reducing poverty, and spoke of 19 the importance of taking a micro approach to the Johannes C. Eichstaedt, World Well-Being Project, USA issue of sustainable growth, and of involving the Claire Melamed, Director of Growth, Poverty and Inequality, Overseas community in sustainable innovations. She argued Development Institute, UK that incorporating local populations is also a way to Tom Schenk, Chief Data O cer, City of Chicago, USA break the impasse in discussions on growth versus Alex Willcock, Entrepreneur and Founder of VisualDNA, UK. sustainability. Helen Mountford talked about the need to bring better information on environmental The panel, moderated by Enrico Giovannini, impact to both investors and consumers, and that featured ve contributions with a wide diversity of bringing the right information to the right people at perspectives from the eld of big and crowdsourced the right time can make a di erence. For example, data. Johannes Eichstaedt presented selected when the idea of reforming fossil fuel subsidies was results from the World Well-Being project, a body of tabled in 2009, many politicians had doubts on the research that uses social media data to predict various scal bene ts of reform. However, when the OECD elements of subjective well-being. A few examples compiled international data on subsidies and tax from were described, including an open-vocabulary environmental, social and economic perspectives, this analysis of language from social media that helped helped to make the e ciency of certain approaches to assess valid personality measures as well as a more visible, and it convinced some governments, twitter language analysis to predict country-level and more importantly, it generated the public support heart diseases with a good degree of accuracy. Claire needed, to implement reform. David Miller stressed Melamed discussed the importance of multiple the need to think holistically, taking into account the sources of data for informing development policies environment and social justice as well as the economy, pointing to data initiatives carried out in developing and recognising that these perspectives are all strongly countries, including Nigeria. Tom Schenk presented interlinked. He gave the example of the cod- shing the extended open data initiative undertaken industry in Newfoundland, which collapsed due to an by the city of Chicago. The initiative comprises a overexploitation of the environment, and which had a large number of apps and websites that leverage tremendous impact on di erent economic and social open data to the bene t of the community, e.g. aspects of the communities that depending on cod the Chicago Flu Shots website that spots u- shing for their livelihoods. This issue could have been shot locations across Chicago. As another vivid prevented by regulating shing practices following example of open data driving better policies, a food a sustainability perspective. Francesco Gaetani inspection forecasting project was presented that talked about the need for greater transparency, and helped to optimise the number of food inspections for governments to share open data related to their and to reduce the number of customers becoming commitments and actions in the green economy. He ill. Shaida Badiee discussed the conditions under described the open platform being developed by the which big and crowdsourced data may become United Nations to enable governments and citizens critical pillars of a stronger and sustainable data to share environmental information. Julia Carabias ecosystem. She also provided several case studies said that is important to incorporate a horizontal where these data have e ectively turned into perspective into the environmental agenda and all positive development impacts, including in health sectors have to communicate e ciently to work care, environment and agriculture, humanitarian together. To achieve change, she emphasised the crisis and other areas. She advocated for the need to restructure institutions to and to nd a way to establishment of greater partnerships among o cial transform political priorities. statisticians, data researchers and institutional actors for the e ective use of data in driving changes. Alex Willcock shared a vision on how big data can Parallel session: Bi and pave the way to a better understanding of people’s crowd-sourced data life trajectories and ultimately to better individual decision-making. Enrico Giovannini highlighted Moderator: Enrico Giovannini, former Minister of Labour and Social that governments may face a trade-o in investing policies, Italy resources for building better IT infrastructures that Shaida Badiee, Director, Open Data Watch, USA 20 could generate big data or generating data capacity skills and competences to students, the university at National Statistical O ces where the information wants to provide a purpose in life and empower would bear higher quality standards. students to become happy. According to him, this approach provides high return in investment (higher employment rates and happier students). Finally, Parallel session: The role of Yann Algan, from SciencesPo Paris, noted that universities in influencin the graduate and undergraduate economics courses wellbein a enda have barely changed over the last three decades, despite major failures in forecasting the global Moderator: Marco Mira D’Ercole, Head, Division for Household economic crisis. He presented a new project which Statistics and Progress Measurement, Statistics Directorate, OECD aims to improve and rethink conventional methods Héctor Mauricio Escamilla Santana, Dean, TecMilenio University, of learning. This new interactive learning platform Mexico (CORE ebook) is based on a community of learners Mike Salvaris, Chairman, Australian National Development Index and teachers collaborating to make economics (ANDI) Limited Yann Algan, Professor of Economics, Sciences Po Paris, France accessible and relevant to today’s problems. Montserrat Gomendio, Deputy Director of Education, OECD and former Spanish Secretary of State for Education. Parallel session: New policy tools and frameworks Universities have a key role to play in preparing new generations of leaders with di erent mind Moderator: Mathilde Mesnard, NAEC Coordinator (New Approaches sets, providing them with new analytical tools and to Economic Challenges), OECD learning practices. They also have a broader role Ulla Rosenström, Chief Senior Specialist, Finnish Prime Minister's to play in preparing young people for a successful O ce, Finland transition to the labour market. This session, chaired Andrew Coleman, Principal Advisor / Joey Au, Senior Advisor to the by Marco Mira d’Ercole, presented various example Chief Economist, New Zealand Treasury on how this could happen and discussed di erent Yuval Laster, Head of Environmental Policy Division, Ministry of ways in which universities could play a role in shaping Environmental Protection, Israel the well-being agenda. Montserrat Gomendio José Franco, General Coordinator, The Science and Technology Advisory stressed the importance of skills, de ning them as Forum, Mexico. “the new global currency”. Based on recent OECD ndings from the PIAAC survey, she pointed to a This session, moderated by Mathilde Mesnard, general increase of demand for high skilled jobs (in focused on the relevance of well-being data in particular in science, technology and mathematics) policy-making, and on new tools for building and to di erences across countries in the mismatch evidence into policy practice. Yuval Laster between skills demand and the level of education, discussed experiences with national well-being which itself has implications for productivity. Going measures in Israel, emphasising the importance of beyond economic outcomes, she stressed that the identifying the right stakeholders to collect, present level of education also had an impact on health, and interpret the data; having a prominent politician political engagement, trust in others, and other well- backing the process; and ensuring that ministries being outcomes. Mike Salvaris asked why corporate share ownership from the beginning, with a “lead” universities were failing to in uence the well-being ministry for each aspect of well-being. He also spoke agenda, making reference to the Australian system. about the role of regular government reporting, He pointed to two possible explanatory factors: attaining short-term impact through annual rst, the fact that universities were more and more Ministerial plans, and achieving long-term change specialised; and, second, that they were not working by integrating indicators into government strategic collaboratively, notably across di erent disciplines. planning. Themes of ownership and strategic Hector Mauricio Escamilla Santana introduced impact were also picked up by Ulla Rosenström an innovative model developed in the University of from the Finnish Prime Minister’s O ce. In Finland, TecMilenio in Mexico where, in addition to providing a bottom-up indicator-based approach (Findicator. 21 ) is now complemented by a top-down strategic a selection of the latest developments from National government programme, where Ministers select Statistical O ces (NSOs) around the world in the priorities, and then use indicators to monitor and measurement of well-being. Gerardo Leyva evaluate achievement. Ulla underlined the need to presented the results of a new module to measure be selective (e.g. 25 or 30 priority indicators), with subjective well-being in Mexico in accordance with regular reporting in a simple and digestible format, the latest OECD guidelines, which was implemented and of setting aside a speci c time for Ministers as part of a broader survey to capture objective to get together and re ect on the evidence. Data measures of poverty and social vulnerability, at a timeliness and the ability to forecast were also national and regional (state and province) level. highlighted as important. Trade-o s and synergies It is the rst such exercise undertaken by an NSO among di erent well-being outcomes are of key that can integrate both objective and subjective interest to policy-makers, and the nal two talks approaches, enabling the analysis of the interaction focused on incorporating citizen’s views into policy of social, anthropological and material phenomena development. Andrew Coleman and Joey Au at the micro-, meso- and macro-level on social well- presented an innovative method for eliciting citizen being. Esengül Tanrikulu stressed the importance preferences across complex multidimensional of having an index to monitor and summarise the outcomes, developed in the “1000 Minds Survey” status of well-being of a population. Well-being is in New Zealand, and using the speci c example currently measured in Turkey through a wide range of selecting between di erent retirement income of objective and subjective information, but Turkstat policy options. The survey decomposes complex is constructing an index to simplify the interpretation problems into a series of steps, and respondents of these results, without leaving out any of the key are asked at each step to select between two dimensions of well-being. Genovefa Ruzic stressed di erent outcomes. As well as enabling an overall the importance of a consultation process to establish ranking of di erent policy priorities, this method a consensus around the selection of well-being also highlights where preferences diverge across indicators. She explained that in the case of Slovenia, di erent population groups. José Franco from the consensus was sought to identify indicators of social Science and Technology Advisory Forum discussed welfare, material conditions and the environment various methods for citizen engagement in science, that would be easily understood by the public, and technology and innovation policy in Mexico. In which would clearly show whether changes implied particular, Franco highlighted a citizen survey used an increase or decrease in well-being. José Rosero to help inform agenda-setting, and a competition of Ecuador stressed that the notion of well-being for university students to provide solutions to ten or the “good life” is by no means a new concept major societal challenges, attracting nearly 1,000 but a deep-rooted notion underpinning the life proposals for ten funded prizes. of pre-Hispanic indigenous communities in the Andes. It is anchored in a sense of harmony between community and nature, within a clear sense of limits. Lunchtime Panel: Measurin Ecuador has integrated the notion of the good life well-bein around the world - Latest into its constitution to align rights and obligations developments accordingly.
Moderator: Jil Matheson, former UK National Statistician Esengül Tanrikulu, Head of Economic and Social Indicator Department, Plenary: Roundtable on “Behavioural Turkish Statistical Institute (Turkstat) insi hts for well-bein policy” Jose Rosero, Executive Director, National Institute of Statistics and Censuses , Ecuador Moderator: Saamah Abdallah, Senior Researcher and Programme Genovefa Ruzic , Director-General Statistical O ce of the Republic of Manager, Wellbeing, NEF, UK Slovenia, Slovenia Paul Litch eld, BT Group Chief Medical O cer and Chair, What Works Gerardo Leyva Parra, Deputy Director General of Research, INEGI. Centre for Wellbeing, UK Robert H. Frank, Henrietta Johnson Louis Professor of Management This session, moderated by Jil Matheson, presented 22 Plenary: Roundtable on “Behavioural insights for well-being policy” and Professor of Economics, Cornell University, USA accounting for these aspects brings more innovation Alissa Fishbane, Managing Director, ideas42, USA to policy making and enlarges the set of tools Anna Fruttero, Senior Economist, World Bank. available, giving examples related to tax payment and water consumption. However, she added since This session, moderated by Saamah Abdallah, brings behaviour can vary dramatically across countries, together experts and practitioners to discuss how every case has to be diagnosed and understood insights from behavioural science can be applied to to be addressed properly. Paul Litch eld and improve people’s well-being. Alissa Fishbane spoke Robert H. Frank discussed the importance of not about the Ideas42 initiative, which uses behavioural making assumptions about human decision-making science to solve di erent social problems. She based on rationalist models, but rather collecting highlighted how sometimes small inexpensive policy empirical evidence and taking into consideration changes related to individual behaviour can have a psychological, social and cultural aspects of the great impact, giving examples related to retirement way people make choices. Frank gave the example savings plans and sexual health behaviour. She of rising inequality and the spread of conspicuous argued that policies have to be designed on the basis and ostentatious consumption, explaining that of how people really are and behave, not on the way when the rich spend more than necessary on certain we think people should be. Knowledge of human goods, the non-rich try to imitate them, and these behaviour can help amplify the e ect of policies in distorting behaviours lead to overall decreases in a cost e ective manner. Anna Fruttero highlighted societal welfare. three elements to consider when thinking about behaviour: rst, people think automatically and cannot make a cost-bene t analysis of all their possible choices; second, people are social animals and the way other people think and act a ects one’s behaviour; and third, the way people interpret reality depends on their culture. She explained that 23 Plenary: Launch of the How’s Life in and in particular the focus paid to the rural-urban Latin America? Initiative di erences and to the well-being of indigenous groups. José Rosero saw this initiative as a real peer-to-peer partnership that will generate new Moderator: Mari Kiviniemi, Deputy Secretary-General, OECD Mario Pezzini, Director, Development Centre, OECD relevant information for Latin America as well as Fabrizio Barca, Ministry for Economy and Finance, former Minister for substantial exchanges on the methodology to the Territorial Cohesion, Italy advantage of all stakeholders. He considered that Pascual Gerstenfeld, Director of the Statistics Division - UN ECLAC Ecuador’s experience in conceptualising well-being Carlos Prada Lombo, Undersecretary, DANE, Colombia can inform the “How’s Life in Latin America” initiative Jose Rosero Moncayo, Executive Director, INEC, Ecuador. and contribute to a better understanding of regional speci cities. This session kicked-o the “How’s Life in Latin America” initiative, a new OECD project that seeks to Plenary: Forum conclusions develop comparable well-being evidence for Latin American and Caribbean countries. In the panel’s Eduardo Sojo, President, INEGI view, the initiative will bring considerable bene ts Martine Durand, Chief Statistician and Director, Statistics Directorate, to both Latin America and the OECD, providing an OECD. ability to compare LA countries along a wide range of metrics that are relevant to their cultural and historical Eduardo Sojo gave some brief and sincere words background as well as to their economic reality. The of thanks to all participants and all those involved in OECD will also engage in a learning process about making the Forum a big success. Martine Durand well-being factors that matter to this region of the then gave an overview of the conclusions and world in particular, but that have a potential for lessons for the future raised by the rich discussions being conceptualised and operationalised in other over the three days of the Forum. She opened by places as well, for instance the relationship with outlining the progress that has been made since nature and the notion of harmony. Mari Kiviniemi the 4th OECD World Forum was held in New Delhi, highlighted that well-being is an ancestral concept India in 2012. In New Delhi, a strong momentum in Latin America and several projects have already had already begun and there was the start of a been developed to measure well-being at national convergence around our understanding of well- level. Mario Pezzini emphasised the bottom-up and being. However, much more work was still needed inclusive nature of this endeavour which will allow to improve policy-relevant measurement, advance for a full understanding of the issues measured. research on drivers and causal pathways, and take Pascual Gesterfeld noticed that this initiative is very stock of best practice in measurement and policy. much in the spirit of ECLAC’s approach, as it combines Now, three years later, a huge amount of progress has an intellectual openness in taking into account been made in mainstreaming the well-being agenda considerations of dimensions and concepts that are into policy discussions. This can be seen at a global speci c to the region with a deep understanding of level (e.g. through the Sustainable Development its structural issues, such as large inequalities, low Goal agenda), at the national level (as shown by inclusiveness and low productivity. According to projects in countries as diverse as Slovenia, Ecuador Fabrizio Barca this initiative presents a threefold and Thailand), and at the local level (as represented opportunity: adjusting existing measurement by many city or state-led projects from Mexico, frameworks and practices in the region; addressing Latin America and around the world). A well-being the substantial within-country di erences in health approach to policy can not only be seen across a and education; and, raising public awareness of well- number of di erent policy areas, such as education, being issues. Carlos Prada welcomed the initiative mental health, or governance, but is also evidenced that he thought could lead to a real change of the by a greater recognition of the complexity of societal existing policy and measurement paradigm and outcomes, and an integration of cross-cutting issues that aligns very well with some recent work done by such as inequalities and sustainability. Even more DANE in the context of the last agricultural census, 24 Eduardo Sojo, President of the Mexican National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) and Martine Durand, Chief Statistician and Director, Statistics Directorate, OECD promising is that the trade-o s between traditional of next steps and future goals, working towards economic policy goals and well-being may not the eventual 6th World Forum on Statistics, actually exist and it is becoming increasingly clear Knowledge and Policy. She highlighted three main that integrating a well-being approach provides a areas for advancement in the coming years: rst, win-win strategy in many cases. Furthermore, in the consolidating progress to develop a more rigorous last three years, huge advances have been made in and comparative evaluation of policy experiences well-being measurement in areas such as subjective using the well-being lens; second, building new well-being, income and wealth inequalities, partnerships, between data producers and users, job quality, and environmental and economic between policy and civil society, between countries, accounts. Data is being produced with a new level and between research, data and policy communities; of depth and detail, allowing for a better view of and third, nding new and more e ective ways to do how well-being outcomes are distributed across things di erently, ensuring that better information individuals, population groups, and sub-national does lead to better policies, and better outcomes regions. In addition, new sources of data and new for people and the planet. All of this will need to be platforms are opening up the horizons for data undertaken in the context of the implementation collection and data dissemination. Overall, the of the SDGs and other international commitments Forum has shown that new metrics are changing such as COP21, the data revolution, increasingly the way policy is being made by putting new areas open government, greater citizens’ involvement, on policy-makers’ radars (e.g. social and emotional and continuing nancial constraints and political skills, trust and cooperation, culture and community realities. values); by providing new relevant information to evaluate policy impacts and success (e.g. Jalisco Bienestar initiative, New Zealand stated-preferences surveys) and by helping to monitor governments’ progression towards stated goals (Finland, Slovenia). Martine completed her overview with a summary 25 Summary Report