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Institut National Des Langues Et Civilisations Orientales 1 Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales École doctorale No 265 Langues, littératures et sociétés du monde Centre d’Étude et de Recherche sur les Littératures et les Oralités du Monde THÈSE présentée par Wanwisa SRIKRAJIB soutenue le 20 Décembre 2017 pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de l’INALCO Discipline : Histoire, sociétés et civilisations VERS LA SUPPRESSION DE L’EXTERRITORIALITÉ AU SIAM : LE RÔLE DES JURISTES FRANÇAIS SOUS LES RÈGNES DE RAMA V (1868-1910) ET RAMA VI (1910-1925) Thèse dirigée par : Monsieur Gilles DELOUCHE Professeur émérite, INALCO, directeur PRÉ-RAPPORTEURS : Monsieur Dominique BARJOT Professeur des Universités, Université Paris-Sorbonne Monsieur Eric GOJOSSO Professeur des Universités, Université de Poitiers _______________________________________________________________ MEMBRES DU JURY : Monsieur Dominique BARJOT Professeur des Universités, Université Paris-Sorbonne Monsieur Eric GOJOSSO Professeur des Universités, Université de Poitiers Monsieur Gilles DELOUCHE Professeur émérite, INALCO Monsieur Jean-François KLEIN Professeur des Universités, Université du Havre-Normandie Madame Sarah MOHAMED-GAILLARD Maître de Conférences, INALCO 2 SOMMAIRE REMERCIEMENTS ...................................................................................................................5 AVERTISSEMENT ....................................................................................................................8 AVANT-PROPOS ......................................................................................................................9 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................11 CHAPITRE PREMIER .............................................................................................................22 L’ouverture du pays et le système juridique du Siam sous les règnes de Rama V et Rama VI .22 1.1 Le Siam et ses contacts avec les pays occidentaux.....................................................25 1.1.1 Les aspects commerciaux et juridiques ......................................................................25 1.1.2 Le Siam et son commerce international : la libéralisation du commerce franco-siamois ..........................................................................................................................................32 1.1.3 Le développement du pays dans plusieurs directions : l’éducation ; la construction des chemins de fer ; l’abolition de l’esclavage ..........................................................................37 1.2 Le système juridique siamois avant et sous les règnes de Rama V et Rama VI .......45 1.2.1 L’influence hindoue dans l’ancien droit siamois ........................................................46 1.2.2 Le droit dans la Loi des Trois Sceaux et ses évolutions ..............................................50 1.2.3 Le point de vue des Occidentaux sur l’ancienne loi siamoise : les peines ...................54 1.3 Les sources de difficultés causées par les Étrangers .................................................59 1.3.1 Le privilège d’exterritorialité juridictionnelle ............................................................60 1.3.2 L’établissement des juridictions compétentes réservées aux Etrangers .......................64 CHAPITRE II ...........................................................................................................................73 L’évolution des relations franco-siamoises par rapport aux traités renouvelés : du régime d’exception à la marche vers le recouvrement de la plénitude du droit de souveraineté siamoise : les traités de 1856, 1867, 1893, 1904 et 1907 ............................................................................73 2.1 Traité du 15 août 1856 ...............................................................................................74 2.1.1 L’institution des Consuls, la protection et l’assistance entre les Etats franco-siamois 77 2.1.2 Les libertés reconnues aux Français résidant dans le territoire siamois .......................80 2.1.3 Les obligations fiscales des Français au Siam ............................................................84 2.2 Le traité franco-siamois de 1867 ................................................................................85 3 2.2.1 La question du Cambodge .........................................................................................86 2.2.2 La solution pour la question du Cambodge ................................................................88 2.3 Le traité franco-siamois de 1893 ................................................................................90 2.3.1 L’histoire et la question du Mékong...........................................................................90 2.3.2 A la recherche d’une solution pour la question du Mékong ........................................92 2.3.3 La pression franco-siamoise .....................................................................................93 2.3.4 La solution de l’antagonisme franco-siamois .............................................................96 2.4 La convention franco-siamoise de 1904 ................................................................... 104 2.4.1 Les négociations franco-siamoises ........................................................................... 104 2.4.2 La convention du 7 octobre 1902 ............................................................................. 105 2.4.3 La convention du 13 février 1904 ............................................................................ 108 2.4.4 Les résultats après la conclusion de la Convention de 1904 ..................................... 112 2.5 Le traité franco-siamois de 1907 .............................................................................. 114 2.5.1 Les négociations franco-siamoises avant le traité de 1907 ........................................ 114 2.5.2 Le traité du 23 mars 1907 et les accords annexés ..................................................... 117 CHAPITRE III ....................................................................................................................... 126 La réforme juridique siamoise et les Conseillers législatifs sous les règnes de Rama V et Rama VI ........................................................................................................................................... 126 3.1 La réforme juridique siamoise suivant le modèle juridique d’Europe continentale ........................................................................................................................................ 127 3.1.1 La raison de choisir la Civil Law pour la législation siamoise .................................. 130 3.1.2 L’historique de la Codification siamoise .................................................................. 136 3.1.3 La Civil Law et son avantage sur les corrections des traités avec les Etrangers ........ 140 3.2 Les Conseillers législatifs pour la tâche juridique au Siam .................................... 142 3.2.1 Les experts législatifs étrangers et siamois ............................................................... 142 3.2.2 Les juristes français et siamois, leurs situations et méthodes de travail ..................... 145 3.2.3 Le royaume de Siam après la nouvelle codification occidentalisée .......................... 149 3.3 La tendance de la création de voie juridique au pays sous l’égide du nouveau modèle juridique ............................................................................................................ 152 3.3.1 L’établissement de l’Ecole de droit et son programme d’enseignement .................... 154 3.3.2 La tendance d’études des juristes siamois en France ................................................ 168 CHAPITRE IV ........................................................................................................................ 177 4 L’influence française sur la réforme de la législation siamoise sous les règnes de Rama V et Rama VI ................................................................................................................................. 177 4.1 L’apport juridique français à la réforme de la législation siamoise ...................... 179 4.1.1 Le rôle des idées politiques et juridiques françaises à l’époque : l’idéologie coloniale et le Code Napoléon ......................................................................................................... 180 4.1.2 L’enseignement du français au Siam en rapport à la codification réformée .............. 184 4.2 L’avantage après la réforme juridique siamoise ..................................................... 186 4.2.1 Vers l’extinction du système de la Protection........................................................... 187 4.2.2 Les meilleurs actes diplomatiques et les résultats avantageux entre la France et le Siam : le traité du 14 février 1925 .................................................................................... 192 4.2.3 L’abrogation de l’infériorité vis-à-vis des traités inégaux ......................................... 198 4.3 L’essai de synthèse sur l’apport juridique français sur la réforme de la législation siamoise .......................................................................................................................... 204 4.3.1 Le régime des capitulations et ses conséquences ...................................................... 205 4.3.2 L’apport
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