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Hey Everyone Hey Everyone, Included is the Weekly Pile of Information for the week of August 20th, 2017, Extension's Equine related educational information & announcements for Rockingham & Guilford Counties. To have something included in the Weekly Pile, please follow these simple guidelines. - Information included needs to be educational in nature &/or directly related to Rockingham or Guilford Counties. - provided information is a resource to the citizens of Rockingham & Guilford Counties. - provided information does not require extra time or effort to be listed. - Listings for Swap Shop will not list pricing details. - Please E-mail information to me by Wednesday each Week. - Please keep ads or events as short as possible – with NO FORMATTING, NO unnecessary Capitalization’s and NO ATTACHED DOCUMENTS. (If sent in that way, it may not be included) - Please include contact information - Phone, Email and alike. - PLEASE PUT WEEKLY PILE IN SUBJECT LINE when you send into me. - The Weekly Pile is not for listings for Commercial type properties or products. If I forgot to include anything in this email it was probably an oversight on my part, but please let me know! If you have a question or ideas that you would like covered in the Weekly Pile, please let me know and I will try to include. As Always, I would like to hear your comments about the Weekly Pile or the Extension Horse Program in Rockingham or Guilford Counties! I NEED YOUR FEEDBACK & IDEAS! Included in The Pile this Week: 1. Mosquitoes Spread Diseases 2. White Line Disease 3. Capture Rainwater for Livestock Drinking 4. You Asked 5. The Battle & Prevention of Weeds 6. Resource Links 7. Hay Consumption 8. INTERESTING RESEARCH OUT OF KSU! 9. Piedmont Horseman’s Association - Show Saturday, 8/26 th 10. Fall Fun Show: September 16 11. 2017 Twilight Chestnut Field Day, September 26th 12. First on Scene Trainings What to do if you come to a medical or injury event on a Farm! 13. The Ag Tax Issues Short Course Guilford County Nov 3 14. HAY DIRECTORY 15. Swap Shop 16. Take A Load Off +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1. Mosquitoes Spread Diseases Stefani Garbacik, Extension Livestock Agent, Wayne County Mosquitoes are pesky bugs that annoy most of us on summer evenings. Citronella candles, bug spray and avoiding stagnant water are ways we often combat these pest. For horses, it’s not quite so easy. Bug spray and reducing standing water are important but for some diseases spread by mosquitoes, vaccination is your best tool. In 2017, we have already seen cases of West Nile Virus and EEE in the US. Both are mosquito-borne diseases that often result in mortality. A simple vaccination, and annual booster, can greatly reduce the risk that your horse, or donkey, will contract the disease. Mosquitoes can breed in any pond of water that remains for more than 4 days, so it is important to make sure this doesn’t happen on your land (if possible). Keeping your horses stalled at night and using sprays or fans can help reduce exposure to infected mosquitoes. West Nile Virus (WNV) is exhibited by flu-like symptoms in equine species. They may seem mildly depressed, have a decreased appetite, hypersensitivity to noises or touch, occasional drowsiness and asymmetrical weakness. The mortality rate ranges from 30-40%. Depending on the area you live in, your horses may need a booster in the spring and the fall. Be sure to consult your veterinarian for the best health plan for your herd! EEE (Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis) is transmitted by infected mosquitoes and one horse has already died from the disease in North Carolina this year. EEE causes inflammation or swelling of the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms may include impaired vision, aimless wandering, circling, inability to swallow, and paralysis. It can take anywhere from 3-10 days for a horse to exhibit signs after being bitten. It is usually fatal and the horses often suffer a great deal before succumbing to the disease. Vaccinations are an important piece of any herd health plan and it is important to keep accurate records on all of your animals. These may mean the difference between life and death for your horses. There is no evidence of horses being able to transmit the viruses to other horses, animals or people through direct contact. Please talk to your veterinarian about vaccinations for WNV, EEE, and other prevalent diseases to maintain the health and safety of your animals. ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 2. White Line Disease Becky Spearman, Extension Livestock Agent, Bladen County White Line Disease is a condition where the white line is separated from the sole of the hoof. It is really not a disease, but an infection. Bacteria, fungi, dirt and other opportunistic organisms can enter and infect the hoof wall. Some reasons for the separation are mechanical stress caused by excessive toe length; environmental conditions such as excessive moisture softens the hooves allowing cracks to form; laminitis; and hoof imbalance. It is more common in humid climates, but can occur in other areas. Usually the horse does not seem to be in pain. White line disease can cause lameness and lead to the displacement of the coffin bone if left untreated. White Line Disease can affect horses of any age, sex or breed. It can be in one or multiple hooves. It is usually diagnosed by a farrier or veterinarian who notices hoof wall separations during routine health care or shoeing. Slow, poor hoof wall growth is commonly seen. White line disease is not contagious. Veterinarians don’t completely understand why hoof wall separation occurs. It can be difficult to treat due to not knowing the exact cause of the infection. It is also difficult due to the location and lack of blood flow to that area. Removal of the entire damaged hoof wall is the most important step in treating. Most treatments include using a topical medication to treat the infection. Regular cleaning of the area can help with treatment. Some horses may need to be shod to protect their feet or have the edges sealed to prevent more damage. It can take up to a year for the hoof to grow back. Talk to your veterinarian and farrier for recommendations for your particular situation. Prognosis is usually good, but the earlier it is diagnosed and treatment has begun, the better. Some horses may have white line again, so monitoring for future infections is critical. Prevention includes pick and clean hooves regularly and have regular trimmings by a farrier. Keep the horse in clean, dry conditions. Proper nutrition and regular health care is important too. The American Association of Equine Practitioners has an article How to Manage White Line Disease that has a lot of pictures and goes more in-depth into the cause and treatment options. The American Farriers website has an article Preventing and Treating White Line Disease . +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 3. Capture Rainwater for Livestock Drinking Traveling around Livestock & Horse Farms, I see a lot of different set ups and some very ingenious ideas. Seeing farms that capture rain water and water animals. Rain barrels are commonly used to collect rainfall & for watering plants. This is done by capturing rain from the barn roof with gutters and downspouts to catch rainwater in watering tanks. This practice can be done but not recommended but it is done especially in different parts of the country. In general, It is not recommend to use rain barrel water for human or pet consumption, or even for watering root crops and vegetables that will be consumed. If it is going to be done, take water samples to see what residues and elements may be coming off of the material of which the roof is made. Its possible that that material could be a source of concern and potential issues with runoff from rooftops in terms of safe drinking water. Water Quality of rain water can fluctuate a good bit due to sources/direction the rain came from and the uptake of water from different areas. Rainwater may contain pollutants, algae and other materials that gets washed from your roof. Atmospheric deposition of fine metals and particulates can be carried into roof runoff and possibly concentrated in the rain barrel water, as can petro-chemicals from shingles. New roofs can be especially prone to releasing particulates and chemicals into runoff, particularly when there hasn't been much rainfall for a while and the sun has been heating the rooftop. In a setting where there may be birds roosting or resting on the rooftop, you can also get significant amounts of bird droppings in the runoff, and that can contain salmonella and other bacteria that can be potentially pathogenic (disease-causing). Bens Note: I found questioning research on this subject, mostly when it comes to the water quality. You can find a lot of information about facilities how to capture water, the size facility that would be needed for the number of animals and the make up of materials to be used. (especially out of Texas) But a number of these papers, did not even mention water quality. That makes me question things. If they ran quality test, and briefly discussed results I would be less skeptical but to do research like this and not even mention water quality, concerns me. At this point, It is my feeling that roof water should not be used for animal consumption unless you utilized a good water purification filter system, especially if you have a metal roof. But Its not recommend it without a proper filtration system consisting of a 3 stage micron filter and ultraviolet light to kill bacteria.
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  • Status of Biological Control of Tropical Soda Apple, Solanum Viarum, in Florida1
    Botany Circular No. 36 Fl. Dept. of Agriculture & Cons. Svcs. September/October 2002 Division of Plant Industry Status of Biological Control of Tropical Soda Apple, Solanum viarum, in Florida1 Julio C. Medal2, Nancy C. Coile3, Daniel Gandolfo4, James P. Cuda5 INTRODUCTION: Tropical soda apple (TSA), Solanum viarum Dunal (Solanaceae), a perennial prickly weed native to South America (Fig. 1), has been spreading rapidly in the USA since it was discovered in Glades County, Florida in 1988. In Florida, approximately 150,000 acres (60,704 ha) of pasture land were infested in 1992 (Mullahey et al. 1993). Currently, the infested area is estimated at over 1 million acres (404,694 ha). TSA also invades hammocks, ditch banks, citrus groves, vegetable fields, sugarcane fields and roadsides. TSA also has been reported in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Pennsylvania and Puerto Rico (Bryson and Byrd Jr. 1996; Dowler 1996; Mullahey et al. 1997; Phil Lewis personal commu- nication). TSA was placed on the Florida Noxious Weed List in 1994, and the Federal Noxious Weed List in 1995, and is listed as one of the most invasive species in Florida by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (1999) (Fig. 2). Fig. 1. Tropical soda apple. (Photography credit: J. Mullahey, Fig. 2. Tropical soda apple in South Florida. (Photography UF-IFAS.) credit: J. Lotz, DPI.) The invasiveness of TSA is attributed to several characteristics. A single plant produces about 150 fruits per year, and each mature fruit contains about 400 seeds. Up to 60,000 seeds are produced per plant with a germination rate of at least 75% (Mullahey et al., 1993, Pereira et al., 1997).
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