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World of Stamps: New Caledonia by Geir Sør-Reime

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World of Stamps: New Caledonia by Geir Sør-Reime World of Stamps: New Caledonia By Geir Sør-Reime New Caledonia today has a special status in relation to France, the former colonial power. New Caledonia consists of the main island, Grande Terre, and many smaller islands, including the Belep archipelago in the north, the Loyalty Islands to the east, the Isle of Pines to the south, and the Chesterfield Islands to the west of Grande Terre. For administrative purposes, the Wallis and Futuna Islands were attached to New Caledonia from 1887-88 onwards, and until 1961. Unoverprinted stamps of New Caledonia were used here until 1920, when New Caledonian stamps overprinted “ILES WALLIS ET FUTUNA” or “WALLIS ET FUTUNA” were in use until 1944 (with a few exception concerning the French colonial omnibus issues, where some of these were inscribed Wallis et Futuna). A map of Lifou Island a p p e a r e d on a 1978 s t a m p . 1979 Mare Island M a p s o f (Sc. 444) the Ouvea 1978 Lifou Is- 1979 Ouvea Is- and Mare land (Sc. 441) land (Sc. 443) Islands were shown on two 1979 stamps, a map of Pines Issue 39 - March 7, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net If you enjoy this article, and are not already a subscriber, for $12 a year you can enjoy 60+ pages a month. To subscribe, email [email protected] Island also, and a map of the Belep Is- lands on a 1981 stamp. Scenery of Lifou Island was shown on a 1967 air post stamp, on two 2001 stamps and a 2005 tourism stamp. S c e n e r y o f 1981 Belep Islands (Sc. 462) Pines Island ap- peared on two 1986 stamps, and scenery from the main island on a 1971 air post stamp, three 1973 air post stamps 1964 Isle of Pines air and two 1986 stamps. A beach scene post (Sc. C35) from Belep appeared on a 2004 tourism stamp. The total area is 7,359 square miles and the population is approximately 250,000. The South Pacific Commission, a cooperation body between nations and powers of the Pacific has its headquarters in Noumea. In 1972 HQ of South Pacific 1972, a single Commission, Noumea stamp com- (Sc. C87) m e m o r a t e d the 25th anniversary of the Commis- sion, showing the HQ in Noumea. In 1987, a single stamp commemorated 1987 40th anniversary of South Pacific Commission the 40th anniversary of the Commis- (Sc. 566) sion. Human population of the islands started around 1500 BC when first the Lapita people and later Polynesian people arrived. Lapita pottery was depicted on a 1992 air post stamp for the Noumea Museum and again on two 1997 stamps also dedicated to the Noumea 1997 Lapita 1992 Lapita Museum. p o t t e r y ( S c . pottery (Sc. C286) C229) Issue 39 - March 7, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net Europeans first sighted the is- lands in the late 18th century, and trade and other contacts slowly de- veloped. Captain James Cook named the islands New Caledonia (New Scotland) in 1774. 1974 explorers (Sc. In 1974, a set of five air post C118) showing Loyalty stamps commemorated the discovery Islands of New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands. The islands were claimed and annexed by France in 1853, and they estab- 1979 for 125th anni- lished Port de versary of founding of 1966 centenary of Noumea (Sc. C155) change of name from France (today’s P o r t - d e - F r a n c e t o Noumea, the capital) the following Noumea (Sc. C47) year. Many European prisoners were deported to the islands. The centenary of the re-naming of Port de France into Noumea was marked with a single 1966 air post stamp. The 125th anniversary of Port-de-France was commemorated 1979 with a single air post stamp. Views of old Noumea appeared on several stamps from 1976 onwards, and a 2004 stamp featured views of both old and new Noumea. 1948 air post, view of Noumea (Sc. C23) 2005 pre-stamped envelope, views of Noumea; and aerial view today Issue 39 - March 7, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net New Caledonia was made a separate French colony in 1860. In 1946 it became a French Overseas Territory (TOM). Its status changed again in 1999, when New Caledonia was made a special type of commonwealth within the French Republic. Kanak natives Right from start of con- tacts with Eu- ropeans, there have been con- flicts between the native pop- 1 9 9 6 n a t i v e ulation, call- 1948 defini- dance (Sc. 754) ing themselves tive Chief- Kanak, and the Europeans. tain’s House (Sc. 294) A liberation front was estab- lished 1985, and the trouble gradually led to the Noumea Accord of 1998. This agreement started a devolution pro- cess aiming at the gradual independence of New Caledonia. Today, the Kanak population numbers around 44% of the total population. 1999 ratification of Noumea Accord (Sc. 836) Issue 39 - March 7, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net 1884 surcharge 1886 surcharge Overprint only, on French Colo- on French Colo- 1892 (Sc. 17) nies stamp (Sc. 6) nies stamp (Sc. 9) 1889 Emperor Napoleon III (Sc. 1) Overprint and 1900 surcharge 1901 surcharge S u r c h a r g e , (Sc. 60) (Sc. 63) 1892 (Sc. 35) 1892 issue for New Caledonia and Dependen- cies in Naviga- tion & Commerce design (Sc. 40) 1912 surcharge 1915 semi-post- 1924 surcharge (Sc. 117) al (Sc. B1) (Sc. 127) A single stamp inscribed Nle Caledonie and portray- ing Emperor Napoleon III was issued 1860, but was only in use until 1862, when the general issues for the French colonies were used. Until distinctive new stamps for New Caledonia, inscribed “Nle Caledonie et Dependances” (New Caledonia and Dependencies) were issued 1892, general French colonies issues were overprinted and surcharged locally between 1881 and 1892. There are also numerous surcharges on the 1892 defini- tive series, which was issued in revised colors in 1900. Issue 39 - March 7, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net 1903 Kagu over- 2003 centena- 1905 Kagu de- 1960 re-issue print for 50th anni- ry of 1st Kagu finitive (Sc. 90) Kagu (Sc. 311) versary of French stamp (Sc. 913) rule (Sc. 67) The national bird of New Caledonia, the Kagu, first was used on stamps as part of the 1903 overprints on the 1892 series. This overprint commemorated the 50th anniversary of the French annexation. The 50th anniversary of this se- ries was in fact commemorated on a 2003 stamp. 1943 Free French is- 1948 definitive Kagus sue (Sc. 261) (Sc. 278) 1985 Kagu de- finitive (Sc. 514) 1993 philat- 2009 Kagu len- 2007 BirdLife stamp show- ely in schools, ticular stamp ing Kagus (Sc. 1020) Kagu (Sc. 686) The Kagu then also appeared as a part of the design of New Caledonian stamps in 1905. Since then, the bird has been a recurring motif on New Caledonian stamps, including the 1943 Free French definitive series printed in London, several values of the 1958 definitive series, the 1985-86 definitives, the 1989 modified version of this series (with new country name Nouvelle Caledonie Issue 39 - March 7, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net only), the 1990-94 definitives, the 1997 definitives, the 2003 and the 2009 definitives. A pair of Kagus also appears on one of the values of the 1967 birds series. In 2009, a special stamp with a Kagu motif was issued to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the postal service of New Caledonia. The 1905 defini- tives also included stamps illustrating the anchorage at Noumea and the bark President Felix Faure. 1905 Ship definitive (Sc. This series also ex- 115) 1 9 0 5 L a n d - scape definitive (Sc. 105) ists in differ- ent printings and with nu- 1928 definitive (Sc. 1928 definitive (Sc. merous sur- 175) 155) charges. A new series featuring three new designs, two scenic and one featuring portraits of discoverers Bougainville and the count of Le Perouse, along with the their ship L’Astrolabe, was 1933 for Paris-Noumea issued 1928-40. flight (Sc. 190) During WWII, the Vichy govern- ment in France released two val- ues of this series without the “RF” monogram, but these stamps (and all other stamps issued by the Vi- chy government for New Caledonia) 1944 definitive without were never put “RF” issued by the Vichy on sale in New government, but not put Caledonia. on sale in New Caledonia ( Sc. 265B) During the 1930s, the French colonial omnibus issues were also issued for New Cale- 1931 Colonial Exhibi- tion, Paris (Sc. 178) donia: 1931 Colonial Exhibition, Paris; Issue 39 - March 7, 2014 - StampNewsOnline.net 1937 International Exhibition, Paris; 1938 Curie; 1939 New York World’s Fair; 1939 150th anniversary of the French revolution. 1937 Interna- 1941 Defence of the Em- 1941 Marshall Petain tional Exhibi- pire semi-postal, issued and landscape, issued tion, Paris (Sc. by the Vichy govern- by the Vichy govern- 211) ment, but not put on ment, but not put on sale in New Caledonia sale in New Caledonia (Sc. B12) (Sc. 216B) 1942 Imperial Fortnight air post semi-postal, issued by Vichy government and not placed on sale in New Caledonia ( Sc. CB4) The Vichy authori- 1944 Colonial Welfare ties also made issues for semi-postal, issued by the Vichy govern- New Caledonia as part ment, but not put on of their omnibus issues: sale in New Caledonia the 1941 Defence of the (Sc. B12A) Empire, the 1941 Marshall Petain is- sue, the 1942 child welfare semi-postals, the 1942 Imperial Fortnight and the 1944 colonial welfare semi-postals.
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