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A man-at-arms was a soldier of the High Medieval to Renaissance periods who was typically well-versed Men at Arms the use of arms and served as a fully Men at Arms heavy cavalryman. Such men could serve for pay or through a feudal obligation. The terms knight and man-at-arms are often used interchangeably, but while all knights Men at Arms for war certainly were men-at-arms, not all men-at-arms were knights. Though in English the term man-at-arms Men at Arms a fairly straightforward rendering of the French homme d'armes[b] in the Middle Ages, there were numerous terms for this type of soldier. In France, he might be known as a lance or glaivewhile in Germany a SpiessHelm or Gleve and in various places a bacinet. In the Early Medieval period, any well-equipped horseman could be described as a "knight", or Men at Arms in Latin. This evolution differed in detail and timeline across Europe but Men at Armsthere was a clear distinction between the military function of the man- at-arms and the social rank of knighthood. The term man-at-arms thus primarily denoted a military function, rather than a social rank. The military function that a man-at-arms performed was serving as a fully armoured heavy cavalryman; though he Men at Arms, and in the 14th and 15th centuries often did, also fight on foot. In the course of the 16th century, the man-at-arms was gradually replaced by other cavalry types, the demi-lancer and the cuirassiercharacterised by more restricted armour coverage and the use of weapons other than the heavy lance. Throughout the Medieval period and into the Renaissance the armour of the man-at-arms became progressively more effective and expensive. Throughout the 14th century, the armour worn by a man-at-arms was a composite of materials. Over a quilted gambesonmail armour covered the body, limbs Men at Arms head. Increasingly during the century, the mail was supplemented by plate armour on the body and limbs. From the 14th to 16th century, the primary weapon of the man at arms on horseback was the lance. A lighter weapon called a Men at Arms demi-lance " evolved and this gave its name to a new class of lighter-equipped man-at-arms, the " demi-lancer ", towards the end of the 15th century. When fighting on foot, men-at-arms initially adapted their ordinary cavalry weapons. English men-at-arms in Italy in the s are recorded as advancing in close order with two men holding a cavalry lance. The horse was an essential part of a man-at-arm's equipment. The type Men at Arms horse, however, varied according to wealth and status. It has been calculated that a French gendarme's horse in the midth century cost the equivalent of six months' wages. A system evolved in the 13th century for employers to compensate for horses lost in action. In England this was called by the Latin name restauro equorum [17] and similar systems were in use in France and Italy. The assessment Men at Arms also allowed employers to insist on a minimum value and hence quality of horse be presented at muster. As early as the late 13th century, Edward I decreed that all his men-at-arms should be mounted on equus coopertusthat is armoured, or bardedhorses. In the 15th century, plate armour for horses was introduced and was a common feature of the equipment of the gendarme into the 16th century. The social structure of the Anglo-Norman society of England Men at Arms relatively rigid. One of the easiest ways for a man to improve his social rank was through military service; another method was through the church. In the Norman states, unlike in many other contemporary societies, the knighting of men of common birth who had demonstrated ability and courage on the field of battle was possible. Although rare, some non-knightly men-at-arms did advance socially to the status of knights. The knighting of squires and men-at-arms was sometimes done in an ignoble manner, simply to increase the number of knights within an army such practice was common during the Hundred Years' War. In chivalric theory, any knight could bestow Men at Arms on another, however, in practice this was usually done by sovereigns and the higher nobility. It is recorded that the great mercenary captain Sir John Hawkwood knighted a number of his followers, as many as twenty on one occasion, though he could reasonably be expected to provide the income his created knights required to maintain their new status. Although a knight bachelor, a knight banneret and all grades Men at Arms nobility usually served as men-at-arms when called to war, the bulk of men-at-arms from the later 13th century came from an evolving social group which became known as the gentry. The man-at-arms could be a wealthy mercenary of any social origin, but more often he had some level of social rank based on income, usually from land. Some came from the class known as serjeants but increasingly during the 14th century they were drawn from an evolving class of esquire. Esquires were frequently of families of knightly rank, wealthy enough to afford the arms of a knight but Men at Arms had thus far not been advanced to knightly Men at Arms or perhaps had avoided it because they did not want the costs and responsibilities of that rank. Also found serving as men-at-arms were the lowest social group of the gentry, known by the 15th century simply as gentlemen. The proportion of knights among the men-at-arms varied through time. Thereafter, there was a rapid decline, with the figure dropping to 6. Social status affected Men at Arms types of military service performed by men-at-arms. Garrison duty was considered unattractive and was often carried out by soldiers of lesser status. For example, the English garrison in the Scottish town of Roxburgh in consisted of just three knights compared to twenty seven men-at-arms of lesser status. The Men at Arms stratification of men who served as men-at-arms is illustrated by their rates of pay on campaign. In the mid s a knight was paid two shillings a day, an ordinary man-at-arms was paid half this amount; for comparison a foot archer received two or three pence 12 pennies to the shilling. A man-at-arms was also recompensed differentially according to the quality of his principal war-horse, if the horse was to die or was killed in battle. An ordinary esquire might own a war-horse worth only five pounds whilst a great nobleman might Men at Arms a horse worth up to Men at Arms. English men-at-arms before the second quarter of the 14th century were indistinguishable from their continental counterparts, serving as heavy cavalry on the field Men at Arms battle. The Battle of Dupplin Moor inagainst the Scots, signalled a major change in the battlefield role of the English man-at-arms. This battle was the first major encounter where the tactical combination of dismounted men-at-arms with longbow -armed archers was deployed; the men-at-arms functioning as heavy close-combat infantry. This combination was later employed very effectively against the French in the Hundred Years' War. In the late 15th century a resurgence in the effectiveness of the Men at Arms lancer in combat took place in Europe. This was reflected to some extent in England, exemplified by Richard III 's mounted charge at the Battle of Bosworth and the English cavalry charge Men at Arms the Battle of the Spurs The last major battle in which English men-at-arms were prominent was fought against a Scottish army in at Pinkie Cleugh. The outnumbered Scots cavalry were easily driven off by the English horse the Scots cavalry having lost heavily Men at Arms an engagement the day beforethe Scots then made a sudden advance with their massed pikemen. To slow their onset and give time Men at Arms the English infantry to receive them the English heavy horse men-at-arms and demi-lancers were thrown against the pikes. The English cavalry crashed into the pikemen with great elan but sustained considerable losses. However, they halted the Scots attack, buying time for the English infantry Men at Arms artillery to deploy effectively; the battle resulted in Men at Arms heavy defeat for the Scots. French men-at-arms were, as elsewhere, drawn from the broad class of gentil hommes. Up to the middle of the 14th century, they attended the royal army either in company of their feudal lords or as individuals. Inthe first of a series of ordonnances was proclaimed, attempting to regularise the organisation of men-at-arms into units of 25 to 80 combatants. New ordonnances were issued occasionally to either reinforce or reform previous ones. The ordonnance of attempted to create a standing Men at Arms of 6, men-at-arms, although it was unlikely it achieved more than 3, in reality. Ina more radical overhaul was attempted. Each lance contained a man-at-arms, a coustillierthree mounted archers and a page. Inthe scheme was extended to add another five companies, giving a total of 2, men-at-arms. Eventually, the number of these gens d'ordonnance du roi raised Men at Arms Louis XI would reach 15, men, including 2, men-at-arms. The number of men-at-arms would continue to fluctuate, dependent on military circumstances, into the 16th century. In the first quarter of the century, they varied between a peacetime minimum of lances in and a wartime maximum of in The changes were made both by raising and disbanding whole companies and by varying the number of men in ordonnance companies. Infor example, Francis II reduced the number of lances in each company by By the s the traditional French gendarme, as a lance-armed heavily armoured cavalryman, was in sharp decline. Navarre's cavalry were 1, armoured pistoleers whilst the Royalists under Joyeuse were 2, heavy lancers gendarmes. Within a few minutes of combat the lancers had been routed, many being captured and held for ransom. Louis XIV on his accession to the throne found only eight companies of gendarmes surviving out of an original total of more than one hundred, but after the victory of Fleuruswhich had been decided by their courage, he increased their number to sixteen. The four first companies were designated by the names of Gendarmes ecossaisGendarmes anglaisGendarmes bourguignons and Gendarmes flamandsMen at Arms the nationality of the soldiers who had originally composed them, but at that time they consisted entirely of French soldiers and officers. These four companies had a captain-general, who was the king. The fifth company was that of the queen and the others bore the name of the princes who respectively commanded them. This organisation Men at Arms dissolved in Its main mission was protecting the roads from highwaymen. Spain had multiple factors contributing to the strong chivalric ethos exemplified by Spanish knights and men-at-arms. One factor leading to the prominence of chivalric orders in Spain Men at Arms, is the Reconquista in which Christian kingdoms attempted to regain land from, and eventually expel from the peninsula, the Muslim states. The greatest foes of the Spanish Christian knight were, above all, Muslims; who were a local and deeply entrenched enemy, not as distant as the 'infidel' was for the knights of other European regions. However, warfare between the Christian states of the Iberian Peninsula was also not uncommon. In the 12th—13th century most of the prominent Spanish Men at Arms orders were formed. The early history of chivalric orders in the peninsula was unstable. In Calatravaduring the middle of the 12th century Castilian Knights established a fortress, which would later be abandoned due to the threat of Muslim attack, then again within fifty years the castle of the Men at Arms of Calatrava was then rebuilt and became a fortified monastic community. Men at Arms the Italian Wars the Spanish man-at-arms was prominent in the campaigns. One example is at the Battle of Cerignolawhich began with two charges by the French heavy cavalry against the center Men at Arms the Spanish army, but these were scattered by Spanish heavy artillery and arquebus fire. The next assault tried to force the right flank, but many of the French cavalrymen fell Men at Arms the Spanish trench and the attack was then broken by a storm of fire from Men at Arms Spanish arquebusiers. Mounted arquebusiers Men at Arms and routed the remaining French gendarmes, but the Swiss pikeman managed to retreat in a relatively organized fashion. Men-at-arms formed Men at Arms core troops of the Italian condottiere companies from the 14th to the 16th century. Although the man-at-arms always remained essentially a mounted soldier, in the 14th century, they often fought on foot, following the example of English mercenaries who, from the second half of the century, commonly fought there. Organisation of these companies was in lanze of three men, initially two fighting men and Men at Arms page Men at Arms later a man-at-arms, an armed servant piatto and a page ragazzo. In the 15th century, the structure of the Men at Arms changed. A company would be organised into a number of squadrons. One of these would be the household squadron of the captain, known as the casawhich contained both fighting troops and headquarters staff, such as a marshal, chaplain, chancellors, cooks and servants. The size Men at Arms squadrons varied but would contain about 25 lanze. In the second half of the century, these structures began to be supplemented by the practice of states hiring alongside companies individual men-at-arms, who were then grouped under a commander appointed by the state. Men of Arms – Cerakote | Firearms | Charlotte, Michigan

Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Want to Read saving…. Want to Read Currently Reading Read. Other editions. Enlarge cover. Error rating book. Refresh and try again. Open Preview See a Problem? Details if other :. Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Preview — Men at Arms by Evelyn Waugh. Guy Crouchback, determined to get into the war, takes a commission in the Royal Corps of Halberdiers. His spirits high, he sees all the trimmings but none of the action. And his first campaign, an abortive affair on the West African coastline, ends with an escapade which seriously blots his Halberdier copybook. Men at Arms is the first book in Waugh's brilliant trilogy, Sw Guy Crouchback, determined to get into the war, takes a commission in the Royal Corps of Halberdiers. Men at Arms is the first book in Waugh's brilliant trilogy, Sword of Honourwhich chronicles the fortunes of Men at Arms Crouchback. Get A Copy. Paperbackpages. Published May 31st by Penguin Classics first published More Details Original Title. Sword of Honour 1. Other Editions 7. Friend Reviews. To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about Men at Armsplease sign up. Lists with This Book. Community Reviews. Men at Arms Average rating 3. Rating details. More filters. Sort order. Start your review of Men at Arms Sword of Honour, 1. Apr 17, Chrissie rated it liked it Shelves: audible- ukbiohfseriesreadMen at Armsirelandreturnedclassicsww2. Less plebeian, more posh, a bit more Men at Arms simply British rather than American. It offers a sharp criticism of war and of the military. The humor is a mix of satire with a message and simple, laugh out loud amusing scenarios. Figuring this out is part of the fun! British idioms abound. For the most part, they are Men at Arms difficult to get a handle on from the context. Men at Arms is the first of a trilogy, the second and the third being Officers and Gentlemen followed by Unconditional Surrender. In the three were revised Men at Arms collected into a one volume edition-- The Sword of Honour Trilogy. It is this version Waugh recommended. It was not available to me. The three stories belong together; stopping somewhere in the middle is not an alternative. It is impossible to accurately rate the first book separately, but at this point I have opted out for three stars. I like it enough to want to continue. I am curious to see where this will lead. Christian Rodska narrates the three separate audiobooks. He dramatizes. He Men at Arms in spades. At times, the dramatization is superb; I like how Men at Arms performs the lines of Apthorpe, referred to above, and Guy, the central character and substitute for Waugh. Other military figures are blatantly exaggerated to further enhance the satire. This is not always pleasant to listen to. The listening experience ison the other hand, immersive, if that is what you are looking for. Some words are impossible to decipher no matter how many times you rewind and relisten. The narration I have given three stars. On concluding this, I have immediately begun the next in the series. View all 6 comments. Unfortunately, I Men at Arms to engage with either the narrative or the main protagonist. I am presuming that is probably the intention? Mildly diverting at Men at Arms — disappointing to say the least. View all 4 comments. Part 1 of Sword of Honour. The story is populated by quirky characters and strange coincidences, with glimpses of poignancy. Most of the characters are Men at Arms a perpetual state of genial incomprehension and incompetence. Waugh served in WW2 and if his Men at Arms was anything like what was described, Part 1 of Sword of Honour. Waugh served in WW2 and if his experience was anything like what was described, it's amazing that we won. However, there are clearly some parallels, as the book is peppered with mentions of specific dates and events helpfully explained in footnotes, in my edition. Apthorpe's too literal "thunderbox", the old colonel that should have retired but no one quite wants to tell him he's not needed any more, bizarre and nonsensical bureaucracy, all beautifully written. And best of all, there are two sequels - let's hope they're as good. My brief reviews of the other two in the trilogy: Officers and Gentlement and Unconditional Surrender View all 15 comments. Mar 27, Brendan Hodge rated it it was amazing. If you, like me, have been reared on tales of the second World War as the just and virtuous struggle of the "greatest generation", Evelyn Waugh's arch novels based loosely on his own war experiences are an important and darkly enjoyable filling out of that two-dimensional view. The stakes here are still high. But the inevitable absurdities and inhumanities of a huge bureaucracy trying to lurch itself into Men at Arms is here too. As the first novel of the Sword of Honor trilogy nears its climax, of If you, like me, have been reared on tales of the second World War as the just and virtuous struggle of the "greatest generation", Evelyn Waugh's arch novels based loosely on his own war experiences are an important and darkly enjoyable filling out of that two-dimensional view. As the first novel of the Sword of Honor trilogy nears its climax, officers in the regiment are engaged in a life-and-death struggle for property rights over a portable Victorian chemical toilet while as Waugh notes several times through the book "Far away, trains rolled to Men at Arms east with their innocent cargo. View 1 comment. Apr 03, Sebastian rated it really liked it. After having been somewhat underwhelmed with Waugh's Decline Men at Arms FallI had modest expectations for Men at Armsbut I ended up really enjoying it, and anticipate reading the last two books of the Sword of Honour no omitting U's, please, we're British trilogy. Full of dry and absurd humor, and infused with the gravity of World War II, the book follows in serial form the misadventures of our protagonist, Guy Crouchback, as he transitions from dreaming of playing solider to facing the daily mun After having been somewhat underwhelmed with Waugh's Decline and FallI had modest expectations for Men at Armsbut I ended up really enjoying it, and anticipate reading the last two books of the Sword of Honour no omitting U's, please, we're British trilogy. Full of dry and absurd humor, and infused with the Men at Arms of World War II, the book follows in serial form the misadventures of our protagonist, Guy Crouchback, as he transitions from dreaming of playing solider to facing the daily mundanity and drudgery, interspersed with the occasional thrill, of life in the military. Seems pretty quintessentially British -- imperialism, stiff upper lip, the whole bit. I'm tickled to be reading the same paperback copy that Men at Arms mom had in college. Hope I can pass down some books like this one day. Entertaining, well written and engaging. View 2 comments. Feb 08, Mark rated it it was amazing. The series chronicles many aspects of war not necessarily visible in other WW2 writings, like the way the British class system played out in separating the officers from the rank and file, and occasioned the setting up of hierarchical structures in the British Army negating Men at Arms of its efficacy as a fighting unit. He was himself cantankerous, mischievous, and spiteful, and he merely played at being a country gentlemen, although his family was of ancient lineage, and was 'disowned' by many of his associates and acquaintances. I thought she was married to Tommy Blackhouse. I think he lives in Kenya. Tommy took her from him, then Gussie had her for a bit, then Bert Troy picked her up when she was going spare. Mar 20, Roger Burk rated it it was amazing Shelves: pleasure. Pious, innocuous, nebbishy Guy Crouchback, last scion of an ancient and undistinguished Catholic family of the English landed gentry, Men at Arms to join the war effort in as a second lieutenant, despite his middle age and lack of military experience.