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Botany Bay National Park BOTANY BAY NATIONAL PARK PLAN OF MANAGEMENT NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service May 2002 This plan of management was adopted by the Minister for the Environment on 27th May 2002. Cover photograph: View from the southern (Kurnell) headland of Botany Bay National Park looking towards the northern (La Perouse) headland, by Mike Cufer. Crown Copyright 2002: Use permitted with appropriate acknowledgment. ISBN 0 7313 6355 8 FOREWORD Botany Bay National Park is highly significant to all Australians because it includes the site of first contact in 1770 between indigenous Australians and the crew of Lieutenant James Cook’s Endeavour and may be seen as a symbolic meeting place of cultures. It is also the place of last sighting of the French explorer Compte de Laperouse in 1788, the type locality for many of the plant species first collected by Banks and Solander, and contains an important samples of endangered ecological communities. The park’s scenic values have been recognised by the National Trust in classifying it as a landscape conservation area, and it contains a number of historic places of national significance. The remaining Aboriginal sites are important evidence of the long association of Aboriginal people with the area. Inherent in the landscape of Botany Bay National Park is the long history of changing ecosystems and developing cultures. The role of Botany Bay National Park as a ‘meeting place’ is a central theme for the park. The park offers a unique opportunity to explore the history of meetings between indigenous and other cultures in Australia. The plan provides for the protection, and where necessary rehabilitation, of the landscapes, ecosystems, vegetation communities, fauna and faunal habitats of the park. It also provides for the conservation of historic features and significant cultural landscapes. This plan of management establishes the scheme of operations for Botany Bay National Park. In accordance with the provisions of Section 75 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974, this plan of management is hereby adopted. BOB DEBUS MINISTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT CONTENTS page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. NATIONAL PARKS IN NEW SOUTH WALES 2 2.1 DEFINITION 2 2.2 GENERAL OBJECTIVES FOR NATIONAL PARKS 2 3. BOTANY BAY NATIONAL PARK 3 3.1 LOCATION AND PARK HISTORY 3 3.2 IMPORTANCE OF BOTANY BAY NATIONAL PARK 3 3.3 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES FOR BOTANY BAY NATIONAL PARK 6 4. POLICIES AND FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGEMENT 7 4.1 NATURAL HERITAGE 8 4.1.1 GEOLOGY, GEOMORPHOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY 8 4.1.2 FLORA AND VEGETATION COMMUNITIES 10 4.1.3 FAUNA 15 4.1.4 FIRE MANAGEMENT 16 4.2 CULTURAL HERITAGE 20 4.2.1 ABORIGINAL HERITAGE 20 4.2.2 EUROPEAN HERITAGE 22 4.2.3 SOCIAL VALUES 25 4.3 ACTIVITIES IN THE AREA 27 4.3.1 INTERPRETATION AND PROMOTION 27 4.3.2 EDUCATION AND RESEARCH 30 4.3.3 RECREATION 32 4.3.4 MANAGEMENT OPERATIONS 37 5. PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 41 5.1 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 41 5.2 PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT 43 SELECTED REFERENCES 44 APPENDIX 4.1.2 45 APPENDIX 4.2.2 47 MAP OF BOTANY BAY NATIONAL PARK Centre pages 1. INTRODUCTION The National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 requires that a plan of management be prepared for each national park. A plan of management is a legal document that outlines how the area will be managed in the years ahead. The procedures for adoption of a plan of management are specified in the Act and involve five stages: · the Director-General gives notice that a plan of management has been prepared; · the plan is placed on public exhibition for at least one month and any person may comment on it; · the plan and copies of all representations are referred to the National Parks and Wildlife Advisory Council for consideration; · the Director-General submits the plan, together with the recommendations of the Advisory Council, to the Minister for the Environment; and · the Minister may adopt the plan after considering the recommendations of the Advisory Council or may refer the plan back to the Director-General and Council for further consideration. Once the Minister has adopted a plan, no operations may be undertaken within the Botany Bay National Park except in accordance with the plan. This plan of management applies to lands reserved as Botany Bay National Park. In the event of other lands being added to the park, they will be managed in accordance with the objectives, policies and management strategies set out in this plan. It should be noted that this plan of management replaces the earlier plans of management adopted for Captain Cooks Landing Place Historic Site in 1972 and for Bare Island Historic Site in 1975. Additional information on Botany Bay National Park is available from the Discovery Centre in the park at Kurnell (phone 02 9668 9111) and the Laperouse Museum in the Cable Station at La Perouse (phone 02 9311 3379). 1 2. NATIONAL PARKS IN NEW SOUTH WALES 2.1. DEFINITION The national park concept was introduced into Australia through the establishment of The National Park (later renamed Royal National Park) in 1879. For the purposes of preparing plans of management, the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service has adopted the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources – World Conservation Union categories which define a national park as: “a natural area of land and/or sea, designated to (a) protect the ecological integrity of one or more ecosystems for present and future generations, (b) exclude exploitation or occupation inimical to the purposes of designation of the area, and (c) provide a foundation for spiritual, educational, recreational and visitor opportunities, all of which must be environmentally and culturally compatible” (IUCN, 1994). 2.2 GENERAL OBJECTIVES FOR NATIONAL PARKS The following general objectives relate to the management of national parks in New South Wales: · the protection and preservation of scenic and natural features; · the conservation of wildlife; · the maintenance of natural processes as far as is possible; · the preservation of Aboriginal sites and places; · the preservation of historic places, landscapes, objects and relics; · the provision of appropriate recreation opportunities; and · the encouragement of scientific and educational research into environmental features and processes, prehistoric and historic places and landscapes and park use patterns. 2 3. BOTANY BAY NATIONAL PARK 3.1 LOCATION AND PARK HISTORY Botany Bay National Park covers approximately 492 hectares of the northern and southern headlands of the entrance to Botany Bay (see map, centre pages). It is located within the Sydney metropolitan area and is surrounded by residential areas, industrial areas and Crown lands. The park is close to a number of other metropolitan parks and reserves managed by the National Parks and Wildlife Service, and conservation reserves managed by local councils and other bodies. These include Royal National Park, Sydney Harbour National Park, Towra Point Nature Reserve, the Botany wetlands, Wolli Creek, and Firmstone Ponds/Barton Park Wetlands. Botany Bay National Park was gazetted in 1988 but incorporates a number of areas which have been reserved for public use for much longer periods of time, including 100 hectares of land at Captain Cooks Landing Place which was first dedicated for public recreation in 1899. 3.2 IMPORTANCE OF BOTANY BAY NATIONAL PARK Botany Bay National Park encompasses a diverse landscape containing rocky cliffs, beaches, natural vegetation communities, native fauna and flora, Aboriginal sites, historic places, cultural plantings and clearings, interpretive centres and recreational facilities. However, although Botany Bay National Park has an extraordinarily wide range of conservation values (see below), there is a set of ‘core’ values which make it a place of international conservation significance. Core values of Botany Bay National Park · The association with the European expeditions of exploration and settlement and the history of contact between indigenous Australians and Europeans. · The symbolism which derives from these initial and later meetings between cultures and the potential to develop on the theme of the ‘meeting place’ to explore current social issues such as reconciliation. · The scenic landscapes which define the entrance to Botany Bay. · The retention of the largest remnants of the original vegetation communities of the Kurnell Peninsula and Eastern Suburbs, and accordingly an important sample of the landscapes, ecosystems and habitats of the Sydney coastline. The two most prominent associations of the park with the history of European exploration were the landing of the British expedition of James Cook in 1770 at Kurnell and the visit to La Perouse by the French expedition led by Comte de Laperouse in 1788. 3 Botany Bay National Park was the site of some of the earliest contacts between Aboriginal people and Europeans. The initial contact between Cook’s expedition and the local people was not auspicious, with at least one Aboriginal person being wounded by gunfire. The powerful symbolism of the Kurnell site, which derives from these early encounters, invites the use of the park as a venue for exploring recognition of indigenous peoples and culture and for reconciliation between cultures. Botany Bay was the initial destination of the First Fleet in 1788. Although after inspection of Botany Bay it was decided to shift to Port Jackson, the initial intentions for British settlement were all founded on the premise that Botany Bay would be the settlement site. Botany Bay National Park includes the two headlands of Botany Bay. The retention of natural vegetation and landform across the headlands of Botany Bay defines the character of the area for residents and international visitors alike. The park also plays a critical role in maintaining a network of conservation areas along the eastern coast of Australia. These coastal conservation areas act as repositories of habitat and as stepping stones for a wide range of native fauna.
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