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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.487,003 B2 Elcombe Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.487,003 B2 Elcombe Et Al US008487003B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8.487,003 B2 Elcombe et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 16, 2013 (54) TREATMENT OF CANCER BY (56) References Cited ADMINISTRATION OF PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2,567,011 A 9, 1951 Diesslin et al. (75) Inventors: Clifford R. Elcombe, Meigle (GB); 4,624,851 A 11/1986 Revici 5,621,144 A 4/1997 Cooper Charles R. Wolf, Inchture (GB) 6,013,795. A 1/2000 Manzara et al. 6,015,838 A 1/2000 Stern et al. (73) Assignee: CXR Biosciences Limited, Dundee 6,028,109 A * 2/2000 Willson ........................ 514,567 (GB) 2004/OO77220 A1 4/2004 MuSolfetal. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO WO92/11248 7, 1992 WO WOOOO6143 2, 2000 U.S.C. 154(b) by 1676 days. WO WOO1/07066 2, 2001 (21) Appl. No.: 10/468,331 WO WO 2004/O19927 A2 3, 2004 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (22) PCT Filed: Feb. 18, 2002 Intrasuskri et al...Mechanisms of Peroxisome Proliferation by PCT/GBO2/OOT26 Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Endogenous Fatty Acid, General Phar (86). PCT No.: macology, vol. 31, No. 2. pp. 187-197, 1998.* S371 (c)(1), Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 1996, Tenth Edition, 3 (2), (4) Date: Jan. 27, 2004 Page.* (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO02/066028 (Continued) PCT Pub. Date: Aug. 29, 2002 Primary Examiner — James H Alstrum Acevedo Assistant Examiner — Thor Nielsen (65) Prior Publication Data (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Ryan Kromholz & Manion, US 2005/O175639 A1 Aug. 11, 2005 S.C. (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (57) ABSTRACT The molecules of formula (I) are useful in treating diabetes, Feb. 16, 2001 (GB) ................................... O103809.O obesity, hypercholesterolaemia, hyperlipidaemia, cancer, inflammation or other conditions in which modulation of (51) Int. Cl. lipid or eicosanoid status or functions may be desirable. For AOIN37/00 (2006.01) mula (I): Z' X-Z wherein a) Z' represents CO.H or a A6 IK3I/20 (2006.01) derivative thereof; b) Z represents F. H. —COH or a deriva (52) U.S. Cl. tive thereof; and c) X represents fluorinated alkylene; or a USPC .......................................................... 514/558 solvate thereof, for example a perfluorinated fatty acid or (58) Field of Classification Search derivative thereof. None See application file for complete search history. 4 Claims, 38 Drawing Sheets Therapeutic: Tumour Weights 1.2 0. 6 O. 2 15mg.kg Dose of APFO US 8,487,003 B2 Page 2 OTHER PUBLICATIONS GenBank Accession No. M68874. GenBank Accession No. NM003706. Abstract, Vredenburgh JJ. Experience with irinotecan for the treat GenBank Accession No. NM000963. ment of malignant glioma, Neuro-Oncology, 11(1):80-91, 2009.* GenBank Accession No. NM001141. El-Rayes et al., Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer: past, present GenBank Accession No. NM005090. and future, Experimental Review in Anticancer Therapy, 2(1), 37-47 GenBank Accession No. NM021628. (2002).* GenBank Accession No. U63846. Draft Risk Assessment of Potential Human health Effects associated GenBank Accession No. XMO05818. with exposure to PFOA, EPA. 2005.* GenBank Accession No. XMO08328. Perfluoroalkyl Acids, Breast Cancer and The Environment Research Gilliland & Mandel. Mortality Among Employees of a Center Fact Sheet, 2007.* Poondru, Lack of in Vitro—in Vivo Correlation of a Novel Investi Perfluorooctanoic Acid Production Plant (1993) J Occup Med 35(9), gational Anticancer Agent, SH 30, Investigational New Drugs, 950-954. abstract. Hla & Neilson. Human cyclooxygenase-2 cDNA (1992) PNAS Perfluorinated compounds, Pollution in People, <http://www.pol 89(16), 7384-7388. lutioninpeople.org/toxics/pfcs. Hla. Molecular Chracterization of the 5.2 KB Isoform of the Human El-Reyes et al., Hormonal therapy for prostate cancer: past, present Cyclooxygenase-1 Transcript (1996) Prostaglandins 51,81-85. and future, Experimental Review in Anticancer Therapy, :D (1),37-47 Issemann & Green. Activation of a member of the steroid hormone (2002).* receptor Superfamily byperoxisome proliferators (1990) Nature 347. Benninghoff. PFOA slows breast Development in mice exposed via 645-650. mom, Environmental Health CWS. <http://www. Jones et al. Molecular Cloning of Human Prostaglandin environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/newscience/pfoa-impairs-breast Endoperoxide SynthaseType II and Demonstration of Expression in development-in-mice/>.* Response to Cytokines (1993) J Biol Chem 268(12), 9049-9054. Perfluorooctanoic acid, Case Studies in Science Policy. <http://www. Kersten et al. Roles of PPARs in health and disease (2000) Nature defendingScience.org/case studies/perfluorooctanoic-acid.cfm). 405, 421-424. Cancer Health Center, WebMD 2010. <http://www.webmd.com/can Kliewer et al. Differential expression and activation of a family of cer/default.htm>. murine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (1994) PNAS, Abstract, Vredenburgh JJ. Experience with irinotecan for the treat 91, 7355-7359. ment of malignant glioma, Neuro-Oncology, 11(1):80-91, 2009.* Kosaka et al. Characterization of the human gene (PTGS2) encoding Melodelima et al. Treatment of esophageal tumors using high inten prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (1994) Eur J. Biochem sity ultrasound: first clinical results, Journal of Translational Medi 221(3), 889-897. cine, 6:28, pp. 1-10, 2008.* Medicine abstracts. Shabalina et al., Carcinogenesis 20:2237-2246 (1999).* Mukherjee et al. Identification, Characterization, and Tissue Distri Ahmad et al., JNatl Cancer Inst89(24): 1881-1886 (1997).* bution of Human Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Taylor, et al., “Insulin—like Effects of Fluoroacetate on Lipolysis (PPAR) Isoforms PPARy2 versus PPARy1 and Activation with and Lipogenesis in Adipose Tissue.” Canadian Journal of Biochem. Retinoid X Receptor Agonists and Antagonists (1997) J Biol Chem vol. 55, 1977. 272, 8071-8076. Kees et al. Perfluorocarbon-Based Antidiabetic Agents (1992) JMed Mukherjee et al. Human and Rat Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Chem35,944-953. Receptors (PPARs) Demonstrate Similar Tissue Distribution but Dif Trivedi et al. Perfluoro-N-(4-1H-tetrazol-5-ylmethyl)phenyl ferent Responsiveness to PPAR Activators (1994) JSteroid Biochem alkanamides. A New Class of Oral Antidiatetic Agents. (1989) JMed Mol Biol 51, 157-166. chem 32, 11-13. Palmer et al. cis-Parinaric acid is a ligand for the human peroxisome Okochi et al. Perfluorooctanoic acid, a peroxisome-proliferating proliferator activated receptor Y: development of a novel hypolipidemic agent, dissociates apolipoprotein B48 from spectrophotometric assay for the discovery of PPARY ligands (1998) lipoprotein particles and decreases Secretion of very low density FEBS Letts. 431,476-480. lipoproteins by cultured rat hepatocytes (1999) Biochimica Pickard et al. Molecular Cloning of Two New Human Paralogs of Biophysica Acta 1437, 393-401. 85-kDa Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (1999) J Biol Chem 274(13), Schedin et al. Reduced Cholesterol Accumulation and Improved 8823-8831. Deficient Peroxisomal Functions in a Murine Model of Niemann Sharp et al. Molecular Cloning and Expression of Human Ca2+-sen PickType C Disease upon Treatment with Peroxisomal Proliferators sitive Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (1991) J Biol Chem 266(23), (1998) Biochem Pharm 56, 1195-1199. 14850-14853. Borges et al. Efect of the peroxisome proliferator perfluorodecanoic Underwood et al. A Novel Calcium-independent Phospholipase A2, acid on growth and lipid metabolism in Sprague Dawley rats fed three cPLA2-Y, That is Prenylated and Contains Homology to cPLA2 dietary levels of selenium (1990) Arch Toxicology 1990, 26-30. (1998) J Biol Chem 273(34), 21926-21932. Cimini et al. Presence and inducibility of peroxisomes in a human Valentin et al. Cloning and Recombinant Expression of Human glioblastoma cell line (2000) Biochimica Biophysica Acta 1474, Group IIF-Secreted Phospholipase A2 (2000) Biochem Biophys Res 397-409 Commun 279(1), 223-228. Appleby et al. Structure of the human cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene MeridiaR) data sheet. (1994) Biochem J 302, 723-727. Finer & Walker (1999). Drug treatment of obesity, 1-17. Auboeufetal. Tissue Distribution of Human PPARs (1997) Diabetes Abstract of JP 60001175. 46(8), 1319-1327. Taylor et al (2002) Inflammation 26, 121-127. Braissant et al. Differential Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator Yang etal (2022) Biochemical Pharmacology 63, 1893-1900. Activated Receptors (PPARs): Tissue Distribution of PPAR-O, -3. Panaretakis et al. (2001) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 173, and -yin the Adult Rat (1996) Endocrinol 137(1), 354-366. 56-64. Brash et al. Discovery of a second 15.S-lipoxygenase in humans Biegel et al. (2001) Toxicological Sciences 60, 44-55. (1997) PNAS 94(12), 6148-6152. Yuki Ito and Tamie Nakajima; PPARcx-and DEHP-Induced Cancers; Causevic et al. Substitution of a conserved amino acid residue alters Accepted Jul. 8, 2008; 12pgs: Department of Occupational and Envi the ligand binding properties of peroxisome proliferator activated ronment Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, receptors (1999) FEBS Letts. 463, 205-210. 65 Tsuramai-Cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan. Gelman et al. An update on the mechanisms of action of the peroxi Raymond M. David, Michael R. Moore, Dean C. Finney and Derek some proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and their roles in Guest; Chronic Toxicity of DiC2ethylhexyl)phthalate in Rats; inflammation and cancer (1999) Cell Mol Life Sci 55,932-943. Accepted Feb. 4, 2000; pp. 433-443; Health and Environment Labo GenBank Accession No. AF306566. ratories, Eastman Kodak-Company, Rochester, New York 14652. US 8,487,003 B2 Page 3 Wolfgang W. Huber, Bettina Grasi-Kraupp, and Rolf Schulte hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase type IV by peroxisome proliferator Hermann; Hepatocarcinogenic Potential of DiC2-Ethylhexyl) chemicals is dependent on the peroxisome proliferator-activated phthalate in Rodents and its Implication on Human Risk: 1996; pp. receptor alpha. 365-481. Fernandez Freire, P. etal. 5, s.l.. Toxicology in Vitro, 2008, vol. 22. Abdellatif, A.G. and Preat, V. 3, s.l.. Toxicology & Applied Pharma 1228-1233. In vitro assessment of the cytotoxic and mutagenic poten cology, 1991, vol. 111. 530-537. The modulation of rat-liver tial of perfluorooctanoic acid.
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