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Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 149 / Friday, August 2, 2013 / Proposed Rules 47109 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR as form letters), our preferred format is respective ranges due to threats related a spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel. to: Fish and Wildlife Service (2) By hard copy: Submit by U.S. mail • For Short’s bladderpod, potential or hand-delivery to: Public Comments future construction and ongoing 50 CFR Part 17 Processing, Attn: FWS–R4–ES–2013– maintenance of transportation rights-of- [Docket No. FWS–R4–ES–2013–0087; 0087; Division of Policy and Directives way; prolonged inundation and soil 4500030113] Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife erosion due to flooding and water level Service; 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, MS manipulation; overstory shading due to RIN 1018–AZ11 2042–PDM; Arlington, VA 22203. forest succession and shading and We request that you send comments Endangered and Threatened Wildlife competition from invasive, nonnative only by the methods described above. and Plants; Endangered Status for plant species; and small population We will post all information received on Physaria globosa (Short’s bladderpod), sizes. http://www.regulations.gov. This • Helianthus verticillatus (whorled For whorled sunflower, mechanical generally means that we will post any sunflower), and Leavenworthia crassa or chemical vegetation management for personal information you provide us (fleshy-fruit gladecress) industrial forestry, right-of-way (see the Information Requested section maintenance, or agriculture; shading AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, below for more details). and competition resulting from Interior. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: vegetation succession; limited ACTION: Proposed rule. Mary E. Jennings, Field Supervisor, U.S. distribution and small population sizes. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tennessee • For fleshy-fruit gladecress, loss of SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Ecological Services Field Office, 446 habitat due to residential and industrial Wildlife Service, propose to list Neal Street, Cookeville, TN 38501; by development; conversion of agricultural Physaria globosa (Short’s bladderpod), telephone 931–528–6481; or by sites for use as pasture; mowing and Helianthus verticillatus (whorled facsimile 931–528–7075. Persons who herbicide treatment prior to seed sunflower), and Leavenworthia crassa use a telecommunications device for the production; and off-road vehicles and (fleshy-fruit gladecress) as endangered deaf (TDD) may call the Federal dumping. under the Endangered Species Act of Information Relay Service (FIRS) at We will seek peer review. We are 1973, as amended (Act). If we finalize 800–877–8339. seeking comments from knowledgeable this rule as proposed, it would extend SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: individuals with scientific expertise to the Act’s protections to Physaria review our analysis of the best available globosa (Short’s bladderpod), Executive Summary science and application of that science Helianthus verticillatus (whorled Why we need to publish a rule. Under and to provide any additional sunflower), and Leavenworthia crassa the Act, if we intend to list a species are information to improve this proposed (fleshy-fruit gladecress) to conserve endangered or threatened throughout all rule. Because we will consider all these species. or a significant portion of its range, we comments and information we receive DATES: We will accept all comments are required to promptly publish a during the comment period, our final received or postmarked on or before proposal in the Federal Register to list determinations may differ from this October 1, 2013. Comments submitted the species as endangered or threatened proposal. electronically using the Federal and make a determination on our Information Requested eRulemaking Portal (see ADDRESSES proposal within 1 year. Listing a species section, below) must be received by as an endangered or threatened species We intend that any final action 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the closing can only be completed by issuing a rule. resulting from this proposed rule will be date. We must receive requests for This rule proposes to add three plants based on the best scientific and public hearings, in writing, at the to the Federal List of Endangered and commercial data available and be as address shown in the FOR FURTHER Threatened Plants. We are proposing to accurate and as effective as possible. INFORMATION CONTACT section by list Short’s bladderpod, whorled Therefore, we request comments or September 16, 2013. sunflower, and fleshy-fruit gladecress as information from other concerned ADDRESSES: You may submit comments endangered species under the Act. governmental agencies, Native by one of the following methods: Elsewhere in today’s Federal Register, American tribes, the scientific (1) Electronically: Go to the Federal we propose to designate critical habitat community, industry, or any other eRulemaking Portal: http:// for the Short’s bladderpod, freshy-fruit interested parties concerning this www.regulations.gov. In the Search gladecress, and the whorled sunflower. proposed rule. We particularly seek field, enter Docket No. FWS–R4–ES– The basis for our action. Under the comments concerning: 2013–0087, which is the docket number Act, we may determine that a species is (1) The species’ biology, range, and for this rulemaking. Then, in the Search an endangered or threatened species population trends, including: panel on the left side of the screen, based on any of five factors: (A) The (a) Habitat requirements for feeding, under the Document Type heading, present or threatened destruction, reproducing, and sheltering; click on the Proposed Rules link to modification, or curtailment of its (b) Genetics and taxonomy; locate this document. You may submit habitat or range; (B) overutilization for (c) Historical and current range, a comment by clicking on ‘‘Comment commercial, recreational, scientific, or including distribution patterns; Now!’’ If your comments will fit in the educational purposes; (C) disease or (d) Historical and current population provided comment box, please use this predation; (D) the inadequacy of levels, and current and projected trends; feature of http://www.regulations.gov, as existing regulatory mechanisms; or (E) and it is most compatible with our comment other natural or manmade factors (e) Past and ongoing conservation review procedures. If you attach your affecting its continued existence. measures for these species, their comments as a separate document, our We have determined that listing is habitats or both. preferred file format is Microsoft Word. warranted for these species, which are (2) The factors that are the basis for If you attach multiple comments (such currently at risk throughout all of their making a listing determination for a VerDate Mar<15>2010 18:59 Aug 01, 2013 Jkt 229001 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\02AUP2.SGM 02AUP2 emcdonald on DSK67QTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS2 47110 Federal Register / Vol. 78, No. 149 / Friday, August 2, 2013 / Proposed Rules species under section 4(a) of the Act, hours, at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife definitions in the Act (58 FR 51144, which are: Service, Tennessee Ecological Services September 30, 1993). (a) The present or threatened Field Office (see FOR FURTHER In 1993, the Service eliminated destruction, modification, or INFORMATION CONTACT). candidate categories, and Short’s curtailment of its habitat or range; bladderpod and the two varieties of (b) Overutilization for commercial, Background fleshy-fruit gladecress were no longer recreational, scientific, or educational Previous Federal Actions candidates until they were again purposes; The Act requires the Service to elevated to candidate status on October (c) Disease or predation; identify species of wildlife and plants 25, 1999 (64 FR 57534). The 1999 (d) The inadequacy of existing review elevated the species regulatory mechanisms; or that are endangered or threatened, based on the best available scientific and Leavenworthia crassa (fleshy-fruit (e) Other natural or manmade factors gladecress) to candidate status, but did affecting its continued existence. commercial data. The Act directed the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution not recognize intraspecific taxa (3) Biological, commercial trade, or (varieties) due to changes in other relevant data concerning any to prepare a report on endangered and threatened plant species, which was scientifically accepted taxonomy. threats (or lack thereof) to this species Whorled sunflower was first listed as a and regulations that may be addressing published as House Document No. 94–51. The Service published a notice candidate species in the 1999 review. those threats. All three of these species were then (4) Additional information concerning in the Federal Register on July 1, 1975 (40 FR 27824), in which we announced included in subsequent candidate the historical and current status, range, notices of review on October 30, 2001 distribution, and population size of that more than 3,000 native plant taxa named in the Smithsonian’s report and (66 FR 54808), June 13, 2002 (67 FR these species, including the locations of 40657), May 4, 2004 (69 FR 24876), May any additional populations of these other taxa added by the 1975 notice would be reviewed for possible 11, 2005 (70 FR 24870), September 12, species. 2006 (71 FR 53756), December 6, 2007 (5) Current or planned activities in the inclusion in the List of Endangered and (72 FR 69034), December 10, 2008 (73 areas occupied by these species and Threatened
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  • Social Polymorphism in the Sweat Bee Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) Baleicum (Cockerell) (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) in Hokkaido, Northern Japan

    Social Polymorphism in the Sweat Bee Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) Baleicum (Cockerell) (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) in Hokkaido, Northern Japan

    Insect. Soc. 50 (2003) 379–386 0020-1812/03/040379-08 Insectes Sociaux DOI 10.1007/s00040-003-0693-1 © Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2003 Research article Social polymorphism in the sweat bee Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) baleicum (Cockerell) (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) in Hokkaido, northern Japan A.L. Cronin 1 and M. Hirata 2 1 Department of Biology, University College London, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UK, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan Received 2 April 2002; revised 2 October 2002 and 9 June 2003; accepted 19 June 2003. Summary. The life cycle and social behaviour of the sweat Danforth, 1997). Eusociality has arisen three times in halic- bee Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) baleicum (Cockerell) was tid bees, with up to twelve reversions to solitary behaviour investigated in two geographically separate populations in and sociality can exhibit a wide diversity within closely relat- Hokkaido, northern Japan. Colonies were excavated ed species (Packer, 1991, 1997; Danforth, 2002). Eusociality throughout the brood rearing season from an aggregation in is predominantly facultative (except at least in Lasioglossum Nishioka forest park, Sapporo, and near Kawakita in eastern (Evylaeus) malachurum Richards, 2000; Paxton et al., 2002) Hokkaido during 2000 and 2001. The Nishioka population and may occur as delayed eusociality (where matrifilial asso- produced two discrete broods during the year and was weak- ciations arise after a period of overwintering, usually in ly eusocial; 57% of workers were mated and 28% exhibited singly-brooded populations) or non-delayed eusociality some ovarian development, 12–16% of the first brood was (where mother-daughter associations arise in the same year), male, and workers were on average 4.5% smaller than their and communal and semisocial species are known (Packer, respective queen.