FOOD SECURITY and EXPENDITURE FACTSHEET Iraq
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Iraq Knowledge Network FOOD SECURITY AND EXPENDITURE FACTSHEET December 2011 Introduction Consumption Expenditures At the district level, the highest average representing 29.1 percent of total consumption expenditures were recorded in Mergasur district expenditures on average. Households in both The Iraq Knowledge Network (IKN) survey is part Average expenditures valued at market prices in Erbil governorate (467,323 Iraqi Dinars), Baghdad and Dohuk governorates spend of a Socio-Economic Monitoring System being reached 180,673 Iraqi Dinars (IDs) per person per Sulaymaniya governorate centre (426,415 IDs) proportionally more per month on this category developed by the Iraqi Ministry of Planning to month in the first quarter of 2011. The highest and Soran district in Erbil governorate (380,868 than on food. advance evidence based planning and improve averages were recorded in Sulaymaniya IDs). The lowest expenditures were recorded in Al services provided to Iraqi citizens. The IKN governorate with 318,710 IDs, followed by Erbil While 19.4 percent of households with an Ba’aj district in Ninewa governorate where survey data was collected in the first quarter of and Baghdad governorates with 271,227 and unemployed head of household fall within the expenditures averaged 70,131 IDs per person per 2011 from 28,875 Iraqi households. The sample 217,054 IDs per person per month respectively. lowest expenditure group (i.e. spend less than month followed by Sinjar district in the same was designed to provide statistics at the district The lowest averages were recorded in Thi Qar 60,000 IDs per person per month), it is worth governorate (72,337 IDs) and Al Khidhir district in and governorate levels and nationally by urban Governorate with 96,778 IDs, followed by noting that 20 percent of households with a Muthanna governorate (77,490 IDs). and rural areas. This factsheet is a brief analysis Muthanna and Ninewa governorates with household head working in the agriculture, of food security and consumption expenditures 118,158 and 123,842 IDs per person per month Expenditure Patterns hunting, aquaculture and forestry sector also fall data from the IKN. respectively. The map below shows the percent within the lowest expenditure group. of individuals falling within the lowest The pattern of individual consumption expenditure quintile by governorate. expenditures reveals a slight improvement in Dietary Diversity living conditions compared to 2007. In 2011, the Dietary diversity is measured by the number Percent of individuals within the lowest expenditure quintile by Governorate ratio of expenditures on food is 34.5 percent of of food groups represented in the daily total expenditures compared to 2007 when the consumption. The survey results reveal that, on Dahuk ratio of expenditures on food from total average, Iraqi diets are diverse as they consume expenditures was 35.6 percent. A significant food representing over six different food groups Ninewa Erbil increase in the proportion of expenditures on on a daily basis from a total of eight possible food health is observed in 2011 where the ratio groups. The average dietary diversity score for Sulaymaniyah increased by 90 percent compared to 2007 and Kirkuk Iraq is 6.4 – representing a 2.6% increase from the ratio of expenditures clothes and shoes 2007. The highest averages were recorded in Salah al-Din increased by 12 percent. Baghdad and Sulaymaniya governorates with average dietary diversity scores of 6.7. The lowest The proportion of individual expenditures on Diyala averages were recorded in Mosul and Thi-Qar food is lowest in Dohuk (27.7%) and Erbil (30.1%) governorates, both with below six food groups governorates and highest in Thi Qar (44.2%) Anbar Baghdad and Muthanna (40.8%) governorates. At the daily. Wassit district level, the lowest ratio was observed in Kerbala Babil Compared to 2007, the largest improvements Erbil governorate centre (20.3%) followed by Al- in dietary diversity are among households Qadissiya Missan Shikhan district in Ninewa governorate (23.4%) Najaf in Qadissiya governorate with a 16.5 percent and the highest ratio was observed in Al Tarmia increase followed by Dohuk, and Sulaimaniya Thi-Qar district in Baghdad governorate (50.1%) and 33% - 54% governorates with increases of 9.7 and 8.3 percent Al Shamiya district in Qadissiya governorate respectively. The dietary diversity score decreased 20% - 32% Basrah (54.7%). 7% - 19% Muthanna during the same period among households in Thi- Qar governorate (6.9 percent reduction) followed 2% - 6% The second highest expenditure category after food is the dwelling and utilities, water, gas, by households in Basrah and Missan governorates electricity and fuel on which the average household with 5.5 and 2.7 percent reductions respectively. Source: IKN 2011 spends 333,664 IDs per household per month, IKN 2011 Food Security and Expenditure Factsheet Percent of Households consuming food groups by number of days of Sugar was received on average by five percent are more prone to using coping strategies in 2011 consumption per week of households although again, there is variation although the use of coping strategies decreased in between governorateswith the highest rate both urban and rural households since 2007. in Kerbala governorate where one quarter of Nineteen percent of households indicated households received sugar (24.5%). Oil and fat having to purchase cheaper or less quality food had an average rate of receipt at over 30 percent. items, while 12 percent consumed less food during Erbil, Sulaymaniya and Kerbala governorates meals. Nearly eight percent of households reduced received one of the two commodities in over half At least 1 day At the food consumption of adult members in the At least 2 days At least 3 days At least 4 days At least 5 days At least 6 days At of the households on average. About a third of household in favor of children’s consumption and the eligible households in Qadissiya governorate the same percent reduced the number of meals CEREAL 100 100 100 99 99 98 received infant formula and 20% in Erbil. eaten. MEAT 99 96 85 67 53 40 The PDS is the primary source for some frequently The governorates with the highest use of coping used commodities: it is cited by 72 percent of strategies are Salah al-Din (36%), Anbar (34%) and DAIRY 94 89 76 58 48 40 households as the primary source for wheat flour; Wassit (31%). The governorate with the lowest use and by 64 percent of households as the primary of coping strategies is Muthanna at 8.5 percent, OILS 95 93 91 89 87 84 source of rice. In addition, over one quarter of closely followed by Dohuk at 10.9 percent, Kirkuk households report the PDS as their secondary source and Maysan, both at 12 percent. FRUITS 93 81 61 43 33 25 of rice (27%) vegetable oil (31%), and sugar (34%). VEGETABLES 99 98 92 80 69 59 The use of coping strategies increased by more Food Consumption Coping than 10% in Sulaymaniya, Erbil, Salah al-Din, and PULSES 99 95 79 52 38 25 Strategies Basrah since 2007; whereas the greatest reduction in coping strategy use is observed in Babil SUGAR 98 97 95 92 90 88 Twenty two percent of households indicated with a reduction of 42.2 percent compared to that they had used coping strategies to smooth 2007),Kerbala and Kirkuk governorates with 57.1 2010 and January 2011. their food consumption in 2011 compared to 29 and 26.6 percent reductions respectively between Public Distribution System Government workers tend to receive less PDS percent of households in 2007. Rural households 2007 and 2011. Iraq maintains a universal food ration distribution items than other work sectors. For all months Percent of Households receiving PDS by Item mechanism established in the early 1990s, known under consideration, households headed by 71% as the Public Distribution System (PDS). Eighty government workers receive wheat and rice at a 64% percent of households indicated receiving at least rate below the national average; for sugar, oil, and one PDS item between July 2010 and January fat, the results are mixed. 2011; 64percent received at least two items; and Over 90 percent of households in Muthanna and 25percent received at least three. Less than five Anbar governorates received wheat flour; whereas percent of households receive the complete only 42 and 57 percent of households in Wassit and +30% commodity package each month. Dohuk respectively received wheat flour. Similarly, The most widely distributed foods in the PDS are about 90 percent of households in Kerbala and wheat and rice at 71 and 64 percent, respectively. Babil governorates received rice but this ratio falls Only five percent of households received sugar, 5% 5% over 30 percent received oils and fats, and five as low as 27 percent among households in Wassit percent of households with children under two and 44 percent in Al Najaf governorates. years of age received infant formula between July Wheat Rice Veg. Oil/Fat Sugar Infant formula www.cosit.gov.iq www.iauiraq.org [email protected].