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Quality of Streams in Johnson County, Kansas, and Relations to Environmental Variables, 2003–07

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Quality of Streams in Johnson County, Kansas, and Relations to Environmental Variables, 2003–07 80 March 2007 60 3.0 Urban watershed 40 Fully supporting (greater than 2.49) Rural watershed 20 2.5 METRIC SCORES T OR P 2003 data P U 0 S 20 - 04 data Prepared in cooperation with the Johnson County Stormwater ManagementE Program F I 2 60 July 2007 L 007 data - C 2.0 I Partially supporting (1.5–2.49) T A 50 U Q A E H PERCENTAGE OF EUTRAPHENTIC DIATOMS D 40 K FOUR 1. 5 30 Y OF T I L Nonsupporting (1.0–1.49) A U Q 20 MEAN L A C I 10 G O 1.0 L O I IN1b B IN3a 0 IN6 LM 1a LM 1b LM 94°40’ 1c M IN3a Wyandotte County I1 M k I4 M iver 50’ 45’ e I7 T IN6 R re ek O2 IMPROVING e TU1 s C r SAMPLING SITE (fig. B1)I1 BI1 a y C BL s e ck 3 BL n k o 4 INCREASING DISTANCE FROMCE6 WASTEWATER DISCHARGE r k BL5 a R e C u e A1 K T r CE1 MI7 CE6 C KI5b h KI6 SAMPLING SITEKI6b (fig. 1) MI7 s b u TU1* TU1 r ar Creek LM1b B * IndicatesC nole wastewater effects TO2* Liittttlle Miillll C rree D Rural sites IN1b* ee yk LM1a kk es 94°55’ BL5* B ran CA1* LM1c ch 95°00’ Leavenworth County MI4 IN6 Urban sites 39°00’ 06893300 Creek CE6 n TO2 dia In kk 1,000 C ee IN3a e ee d r r k KI6b a IN1b e C C 2003 data r e l l r l l i C i C 900 r k 2004 data M e M w ek a h 2007 data MI1 a r m e o v 800 CA1 T i K R i ll 38°55’ CC Olathe 700 rr e e BL5 k k k e e e e 600 r r KI5b CE1 e C C u l B nn Coffe ii e Cr aa ee 500 tt k BL4 pp aa BL3 C Douglas County Douglas 400 KANSAS KANSAS eek MISSOURI Wolf Cr 50’ 300 L i t * Downstream from wastewater discharge (table 1) tl SCORE MACROINVERTEBRATE 10-METRIC BB e KI6b* ii B KI5b* gg 200 CE1 CE6* u l CA1 BB l BL5 BL4 uu C BL3 ll r WyandotteWyandotte ll e BI1* TU1 C e 100 TO2 k r Leavenworth CountyCounty MI7* e r e MI1 MI4*e Riiv SAMPLING SITE (fig. 1) r k e LM1c s BI1 County sa v Miami County 0 i 10,000 LM1b n LM1a a R IN6* K IN1b IN3a* e 38°45’ lu BL13 B 1,000 reek y C ke ear r Brush Creek Cl Cree u k MI7 T eek 100 Cr Streamflow ock BR12 4,500 R BL8 Specific conductance Litt R le Mill Turbidity 4,000 C LM1a r 10 e TU1 3,500 e CE6 MI4 k Sampling period 3,000 STREAMFLOW, IN CUBIC FEET PER SECOND C TURBIDITY, IN FORMAZIN TURBIDITY UNITS LM1b e D 1 2,500 dd y a CA1 KI6b a k ke 10,000 2,000 r r s k B C e LM1c ra 1,500 r e n Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5235 e r c K e n Cre h BL7 k CC a ii MI1 i ek KI5b nd ll l k l 1,000 k I ll 1,000 ll e e ii IN3a e e IN6 Jackson C C TO2 Jackson 500 rr M IN1b rr CC ee PER CENTIMETER AT 25 DEGREES CELSIUS k 0 SPECIFIC CONDUCTANCE, IN MICROSEIMENS ee k County n Johnson County e kk Johnson County 100 i re Streamflow a t C Water temperature 25 k p w Dissolved oxygen a ha C a oom BL2b 10 20 CE1 TT MISSOURIMISSOURI KANSAS er STREAMFLOW, IN CUBIC FEET PER SCEOND iv 15 R 1 U.S. Department of the Interior 0.7 10 Co U.S. Geological Survey ffee 0.6 Sampling period C BL5 re ue B B e l 5 k B i 0.5 g L W B o i olf u u t Creek 0.4 0 t l WATER TEMPERATURE, IN DEGREES CELSIUS l BL3 DISSOLVED OXYGEN, IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER l e BL4 0.3 C B r u e BI1 ll e ll k C 0.2 C PRECIPITATION, IN INCHES r r e e e 0.1 e k k Cass County 0 Cass County 01/01/07 01/11/07 01/21/07 01/31/07 02/10/07 02/20/07 DATE (month/day/year) 03/02/07 03/12/07 03/22/07 04/01/07 Cover photograph: Indian Creek near Highway 69 in Johnson County, Kansas, September 2007, taken by Barry Poulton, USGS, Columbia, MO. Quality of Streams in Johnson County, Kansas, and Relations to Environmental Variables, 2003–07 By Teresa J. Rasmussen, Barry C. Poulton, and Jennifer L. Graham Prepared in cooperation with the Johnson County Stormwater Management Program Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5235 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior KEN SALAZAR, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Marcia K. McNutt, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Rasmussen, T.J., Poulton, B.C., and Graham, J.L., 2009, Quality of streams in Johnson County, Kansas, and relations to environmental variables, 2003–07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5235, 84p. with appendices. ISBN 978-1-4113-2617-0 iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................2 Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................3 Description of Study Area ...................................................................................................................3 Previous Investigations........................................................................................................................3 Methods...........................................................................................................................................................6 Study Design ..........................................................................................................................................6 Data Collection ......................................................................................................................................6 Stream-Water and Streambed-Sediment Sampling ..............................................................6 Watershed Variables -- Land Use, Streamflow, Precipitation .............................................6 Habitat Assessment ....................................................................................................................7 Periphyton Sampling ...................................................................................................................9 Macroinvertebrate Sampling .....................................................................................................9 Sample Analysis ..................................................................................................................................10 Data Analysis .......................................................................................................................................10 Periphyton Data .........................................................................................................................10 Macroinvertebrate Data ...........................................................................................................11 Relating Biological Data to Environmental Variables ..........................................................12 Quality Assurance and Quality Control ...........................................................................................12 Water and Streambed-Sediment Data ...................................................................................12 Periphyton Data .........................................................................................................................13 Macroinvertebrate Data ...........................................................................................................13 Assessment of Stream Quality...................................................................................................................13 Environmental Variables ....................................................................................................................13 Stream-Water Chemistry ..........................................................................................................13 Streambed-Sediment Chemistry .............................................................................................14 Watershed Variables–Streamflow and Precipitation ..........................................................15 Habitat .........................................................................................................................................15 Biological Variables ............................................................................................................................18 Periphyton Communities ...........................................................................................................18 Community Composition ..................................................................................................18 Periphyton Chlorophyll Concentrations, Abundance, and Biovolume .....................20 Periphyton Metrics ...........................................................................................................22 Eutraphentic Diatoms ..............................................................................................22 Other Calculated Metrics .......................................................................................23
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