DOCSLIB.ORG

Variation of Seawater 87Sr/86Sr Throughout Phanerozoic Time

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Variation of Seawater 87Sr/86Sr Throughout Phanerozoic Time Variation of seawater 87Sr/86Sr throughout Phanerozoic time W. H. Burke, R. E. Denison,* E. A. Hetherington, R. B. Koepnick, H. F. Nelson,* J. B. Otto Vtobil Research and Development Corporation, Field Research Laboratory, Dallas, Texas 75221 ABSTRACT Precise measurements of 786 marine carbonate, evaporite, and phosphate samples of known age provide a curve of seawater 87Sr/86Sr versus geologic time through the Phanerozoic. Many episodes of increasing and decreasing values of 87Sr/86Sr of seawater have occurred through the Phanerozoic. The Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician seawater ratios are approximately equal to the modern ratio of 0.70907. The lowest ratios, ~ 0.7068, occurred during the Jurassic and Late Permian. The configuration of the curve appears to be strongly influenced by the history of both plate interactions and seafloor spreading throughout the Phanerozoic. The curve provides a basis for dating many marine carbonate, evaporite, and phosphate samples. Furthermore, diagenetic modifications of original marine 87Sr/86Sr values are often interpretable. Analysis of 87Sr/86Sr data, therefore, may provide useful information on regional diagenetic patterns and processes. All of the Cenozoic samples and some of the Cretaceous samples are from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) cores. With the exception of the DSDP samples, the curve was constructed only from samples containing at least 200 ppm Sr and not more than 10% dilute acid insoluble material. All measurements are made by comparison with standard 87 86 SrC03 (NBS SRM 987) for which a Sr/ Sr of 0.71014 is assumed. Precision is estimated to be ± 0.00005 at the 95% confidence level. Measured ratios of 42 modern marine samples average 0.70907, with a standard deviation of 0.00004. INTRODUCTION of 87Rb to 87Sr would be reflected in an (1975), Clauer (1976), Faure and others We present here our estimate of the increase with time of 87Sr/86Sr within sea- (1978), and Kovach (1980). curve of seawater 87Sr/86Sr versus geologic water and within strontium-bearing marine time (Holocene through Late Cambrian), precipitates. Peterman and others (1970) SAMPLES which is based on measurements of 786 determined that 87Sr,86Sr of Phanerozoic Surface and subsurface samples of samples of marine origin. This data set marine fossils both increased and decreased marine origin were obtained from North enables us to define the curve more pre- with time. During the early 1970s, addi- America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Addi- cisely and more completely than was possi- tional reports on the temporal variation of tional samples from the Atlantic, Indian, ble heretofore and to recognize structure seawater 87Sr/86Sr (Dasch and Biscaye, and Pacific Oceans and the Caribbean Sea not previously apparent. The curve reveals 1971; Veizer and Compston, 1974) gener- were obtained from Deep Sea Drilling Pro- systematic temporal variation of seawater ally supported the earlier findings of ject (DSDP) cores. All Cenozoic and some 87Sr/86Sr. Although few ages can be Peterman and others (1970). Veizer and Cretaceous samples are foram-nannofossil assigned on the basis of unique seawater Compston (1974) included a summary of chalk from DSDP cores. Non-DSDP sam- strontium isotopic values, the curve pro- earlier work and presented reasons for ples used to construct the Mesozoic and vides a basis for resolving specific problems believing that seawater 87Sr/ 86Sr is uniform Paleozoic parts of the curve are predomi- in temporal correlation of marine strata at any given time, that marine precipitates nantly limestone, but also include dolo- and constitutes an important source of will have the seawater ratio when formed, stone, carbonate megafossils, evaporites, information on large-scale geologic forces, and that diagenesis will generally either and conodont samples. that control curve shape. increase the ratio or leave it unaffected. To obtain relevant data for construction Wickman (1948) predicted that decay They pointed out, however, that under cer- of the 87Sr/ 86Sr seawater curve, nonmarine tain circumstances diagenesis can decrease samples and extensively altered marine the ratio (Veizer and Compston, 1974, p. samples were excluded from the data set. 1464). Since 1974, additional work on the For the Cenozoic part of the curve, we •Present addresses: (Denison) Suite 616, One 87 86 temporal variation of Sr/ Sr of marine used only DSDP samples because they are Energy Square, 4925 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, carbonates and phosphates has been pub- Texas 75206; (Nelson) 2516 West Five Mile better dated and are more likely to have Parkway, Dallas, Texas 75233. lished by Brass (1976), Tremba and others retained their original marine ratios than 516 GEOLOGY, v. 10. p. 516-519, OCTOBER 1982 MILLIONS OF YEARS Figure 1. Plot of 87Sr/86Sr age for 744 of 786 marine samples. 87Sr/86Sr values for the 42 modern marine samples (Table 1) are not shown. Mod- ern values, however, were accounted for in drawing band and line. For any given time, correct seawater ratio probably lies within band. Line represents our best estimate of seawater ratio versus time. Pre-Cenozoic ages are based on van Eysinga (1975). Cenozoic ages are based on time scale provided by L. B. Gibson (1980, personal commun.). Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary is at 1.62 m.y. B.P., and Tertiary stage boundar- ies are at 5.0, 23.5, 37.0, and 53.5 m.y. B.P. other samples available to us. For the most MEASUREMENTS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION part, our Mesozoic and Paleozoic samples The samples were dissolved with either Our data are presented graphically in are of lower quality because they have been hydrochloric or nitric acid, and Sr was Figure 1 (age, isotopic ratio, and other subjected to more complex postdeposi- separated from the bulk of other elements data for the individual samples will be tional alteration than our Cenozoic sam- either by means of ion exchange columns presented in a more complete future ples. We have found empirically that or by precipitation from approximately paper). Seawater Sr is assumed to have tighter clustering of 87Sr/86Sr values among 90% nitric acid. Isotope ratios were meas- been sufficiently well mixed at all times so coeval Mesozoic and Paleozoic samples is ured by comparison with standard SrCOi that for any particular time, seawater achieved when samples with low strontium (NBS SRM 987) for which a ratio of 87Sr/86Sr would have been essentially contents or high insoluble residues are 0.71014 has been assumed. Measurements constant throughout the oceans of the eliminated. Thus, our Mesozoic and were made using a second-order double world. General isotopic agreement among Paleozoic data are limited to samples that focusing Nier-Johnson-type mass spec- coeval samples from diverse geographic contain at least 200 ppm Sr and not more trometer with a 60°, 13-in. radius of curva- locations lends support to this assumption than 10% dilute acid insoluble residue. The ture magnetic sector and a 91°, 15.8-in. (Peterman and others, 1970; Veizer and probable explanation for the improved radius of curvature electric sector. Masses Compston, 1974; this paper). In addition, clustering is that the restriction decreases 85, 86, 87, and 88 were collected simul- measurements of 42 modern marine sam- the fraction of samples that have not taneously in four separate faraday cups. ples (Table 1) reaffirm the homogeneity retained the marine 87Sr/86Sr value charac- 87Sr/86Sr values have been corrected of 87Sr/86Sr in modern seawater. 87 teristic of their time of deposition. While for the presence of Rb and have been The gray band in Figure 1 includes most 86 88 this restriction reduces the amount of scat- normalized to Sr/ Sr = 0.1194. Precision of the data points (93%). For any given ter in the Mesozoic and Paleozoic data, it is estimated to be ± 0.00005 at the 95% time, the correct seawater ratio probably does not compensate for a basic difference confidence level. lies within this band. Points outside the in quality between DSDP samples and On the basis of a ratio of 0.71014 for band (7%) probably represent either non- other samples. This contrast is shown in standard SrC03 (NBS SRM 987), meas- marine samples that did not obtain the Figure I by a tighter clustering of coeval ured ratios of 42 modern marine samples 87Sr/86Sr of contemporaneous seawater data points over the Cenozoic part of the average 0.70907, with a standard deviation or diagenetically altered marine samples curve as compared with clustering of co- from the mean of 0.00004 (Table 1), and 36 whose strontium was contaminated by for- eval data points over the pre-Cenozoic part measurements of Eimer and Amend SrCOi eign strontium with a different ratio. of the curve. Analysis of the remaining lot 492327 average 0.70797, with a stand- Because most samples can be confidently sample variation is presented below. ard deviation from the mean of 0.00003. interpreted to be of marine origin, on the GEOLOGY, OCTOBER 1982 517 basis of other geologic criteria, diagenetic modification is the most likely cause of the scatter. Points occur above or below the TABLE I. 87Sr/86Sr VALUES FOR MODERN MARINE SAMPLES band, depending on the strontium isotopic composition of the terrain from which the Sample type Location 87Sr Sr/66SR diagenetic strontium was derived. Most of (ppm) Pelecypods these points occur above the band and probably reflect the predominance of sam- Donax variabiles texasiana Mustang Island, Texas 1,564 0. 70912 ples from cratonic areas. Old sialic rocks Donax variabiles Gulf Shores, Alabama 1,424 0. 70905 from cratons are important sources of Tel 1 ina radiata JouIters Cay, Bahamas 2,324 0. 70900 radiogenic 87Sr, and weathering of these Tel 1ina tayloriana Mustang Island, Texas 1,741 0. 70905 Myt i1 us edu1i s San Luis Obispo County, Cal ifornia 1,092 0.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf
    European Journal of Taxonomy 73: 1-73 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.73 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2014 · Carneiro M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A5F217D-8E7B-448A-9CAB-2CCC9CC6F857 Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf Miguel CARNEIRO1,5, Rogélia MARTINS2,6, Monica LANDI*,3,7 & Filipe O. COSTA4,8 1,2 DIV-RP (Modelling and Management Fishery Resources Division), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Brasilia 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3,4 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author: [email protected] 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:90A98A50-327E-4648-9DCE-75709C7A2472 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1EB6DE00-9E91-407C-B7C4-34F31F29FD88 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D3AC760-77F2-4CFA-B5C7-665CB07F4CEB 8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:48E53CF3-71C8-403C-BECD-10B20B3C15B4 Abstract. The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences.
    [Show full text]
  • Visual Acuity in Pelagic Fishes and Mollusks
    W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles 2013 Visual acuity in pelagic fishes and mollusks YL Gagnon TT Sutton S Johnsen Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons Recommended Citation Gagnon, YL; Sutton, TT; and Johnsen, S, "Visual acuity in pelagic fishes and mollusks" (2013). VIMS Articles. 885. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/885 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vision Research 92 (2013) 1–9 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Vision Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/visres Visual acuity in pelagic fishes and mollusks ⇑ Yakir L. Gagnon a, , Tracey T. Sutton b, Sönke Johnsen a a Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA b College of William & Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA, USA article info abstract Article history: In the sea, visual scenes change dramatically with depth. At shallow and moderate depths (<1000 m), Received 26 June 2013 there is enough light for animals to see the surfaces and shapes of prey, predators, and conspecifics. This Received in revised form 13 August 2013 changes below 1000 m, where no downwelling daylight remains and the only source of light is biolumi- Available online 30 August 2013 nescence. These different visual scenes require different visual adaptations and eye morphologies. In this study we investigate how the optical characteristics of animal lenses correlate with depth and ecology.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation~ of the Geological ~~Rvey
    GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMEN11 ALFRED R. C. SELWYN, C.M.G., LL. .D., F.R.S., DIRECTOR SUMMARY REPORT OPERATION~ OF THE GEOLOGICAL ~~RVEY FOR 'l'HE YEAR 1890 BY TlIE DIRECTOR OTTAWA PRINTED BY S E DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJ .!£STY 1893 SUMMARY REPORT ON THE OPERATIONS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR THE YEAR 1890. GEOLOC:ICAL SUR\"EY D}~PAH'l' MENT, OTTAWA, 2lst D e~emb er, 1890. The H on. EooAR DEWDNEY, 1\1.P., l\Iinister of the lnterior. ::::lrn, - In submi tting the custorn a17 annua.l summary of the work accomplished by the Geological Corps during the calendar year, 1890, it seems desirable to commence by stating that during the last session of P arliament the "Act relating to the Geological cind Natiiral Histo1·y Siwvey of Canada and the J.'Jlliiseum in connection the1·ewith," 40 Vic­ toria, Chap. 9, was repealed and a new A ct, 53 Victoria, Chap. 11 , was passed, and assented to l 6th l\Iay. 1890. The provisions of this Act read as follows :- ER l\Ia.j esty, by and with the advice and consent, of H the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, en­ acts as follows :- 1. In this Act the expression " Department " means Interpreta· the Department of the Geological SurYey hereby con- t ioi1. stituterl. 2 . There shall be a Department of the Civil Service D epartment which shall be called "The Geological Survey," over M:i,~r!~~'~e~. which t he 1\'Iinister of the Interior shall preside · and the Interior to ' preside.
    [Show full text]
  • Body Size, Extinction Events, and the Early Cenozoic Record of Veneroid Bivalves: a New Role for Recoveries?
    Paleobiology, 31(4), 2005, pp. 578±590 Body size, extinction events, and the early Cenozoic record of veneroid bivalves: a new role for recoveries? Rowan Lockwood Abstract.ÐMass extinctions can play a role in shaping macroevolutionary trends through time, but the contribution of recoveries to this process has yet to be examined in detail. This study focuses on the effects of three extinction events, the end-Cretaceous (K/T), mid-Eocene (mid-E), and end- Eocene (E/O), on long-term patterns of body size in veneroid bivalves. Systematic data were col- lected for 719 species and 140 subgenera of veneroids from the Late Cretaceous through Oligocene of North America and Europe. Centroid size measures were calculated for 101 subgenera and glob- al stratigraphic ranges were used to assess extinction selectivity and preferential recovery. Vene- roids underwent a substantial extinction at the K/T boundary, although diversity recovered to pre- extinction levels by the early Eocene. The mid-E and E/O events were considerably smaller and their recovery intervals much shorter. None of these events were characterized by signi®cant ex- tinction selectivity according to body size at the subgenus level; however, all three recoveries were strongly size biased. The K/T recovery was biased toward smaller veneroids, whereas both the mid-E and E/O recoveries were biased toward larger ones. The decrease in veneroid size across the K/T recovery actually reinforced a Late Cretaceous trend toward smaller sizes, whereas the increase in size resulting from the Eocene recoveries was relatively short-lived. Early Cenozoic changes in predation, temperature, and/or productivity may explain these shifts.
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Fishes of North America
    Chapter 18 Osmeridae: Smelts Robert L. Hopkins II and Melvin L. Warren, Jr. The family Osmeridae, commonly known as Smelts, consists the Rainbow Smelt, these species are generally confined of 12 species in 7 genera, which are widely distributed within to the northeastern Pacific Ocean and associated drain- subarctic and temperate coastal waters in the Northern ages. Here, we cover the native distribution of North Hemi sphere. Smelts are common in the North American American Smelts, introductions of native species outside Great Lakes and have a Holarctic distribution throughout the their range in North Amer i ca, and note non- indigenous cooler northern waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans species of Smelts introduced into North Amer i ca. (McAllister 1963; Nelson 2006). Smelts are small (<40 cm), elongate, silvery fish and have a curious cucumber- odor (the Genus Hypomesus Greek osme means bad smelling) (McAllister 1963), which serves an as yet unknown function (McDowall et al. 1993). The genus Hypomesus is represented by five species inhabit- Like salmonids (Trouts and Salmons), osmerids have an adi- ing fresh, brackish, and coastal marine waters of the north- pose fin and exhibit a diversity of life histories ranging from ern Pacific Rim (Saruwatari et al. 1997; Ilves & Taylor 2007, entirely fresh water to true estuarine to anadromous. Many 2008). Two of these are native to and widespread in north- species have highly flexible migration strategies and a broad western North Amer i ca (Fig. 18.8). The Pond Smelt, H. oli- range of behavioral plasticity indicating an ability to adapt to dus, is broadly distributed from the Copper River north to di er ent aquatic environments throughout their life history the Kobuk River, Alaska, and eastward into the Peel River (Hobbs et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Doc.Rero.Ch Other Faunal Elements and Sedimentary Features
    Published in which should be cited to refer to this work. A comparison of recent and fossil large, high-spired gastropods and their environments: the Nopparat Thara tidal Xat in Krabi, South Thailand, versus the Swiss Kimmeridgian carbonate platform Richard Waite · André Strasser Abstract High-spired nerineoid gastropods are abundant Xat, although dominantly siliciclastic, represents an envi- in the tropical Kimmeridgian carbonate deposits of the ronmental analogue. Swiss Jura Mountains. Understanding the mode of life of this extinct group of gastropods is crucial for palaeoenvi- Keywords Turritellidae · Nerineoidea · Jurassic · ronmental reconstructions. The knowledge on their ecology Palaeoecology · Switzerland · Nopparat Thara tidal Xat is, however, limited by the near absence of comparable large high-spired gastropods in Recent carbonate systems. Large high-spired turritellid gastropods are, however, abun- Introduction dant in siliciclastic-dominated environments in the tropical Indian Ocean. In order to compare the Recent and fossil Nerineoid-bearing deposits in the Kimmeridgian (Late environments of these two morphologically similar groups, Jurassic) of the Swiss Jura Mountains have been recognised a Recent tidal Xat, where abundant turritellids occur, was and described by several authors (e.g. Frei 1925; Thalmann studied in the National Park of Nopparat Thara in the dis- 1966; Dauwalder and Remane 1979). Nerineoids are trict of Krabi, South Thailand. Ninety specimens of Turri- believed to be important palaeoecological indicators and tella duplicata were measured and mapped, revealing the signiWcance of their occurrence in mass accumulations zonations in population distribution, both parallel and per- has recently been re-evaluated (Waite et al. 2008). The pendicular to the beach line.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Fangs Across Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)
    St. Cloud State University theRepository at St. Cloud State Culminating Projects in Biology Department of Biology 5-2017 The volutE ion of Fangs Across Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) Emily Olson St. Cloud State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/biol_etds Recommended Citation Olson, Emily, "The vE olution of Fangs Across Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)" (2017). Culminating Projects in Biology. 22. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/biol_etds/22 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at theRepository at St. Cloud State. It has been accepted for inclusion in Culminating Projects in Biology by an authorized administrator of theRepository at St. Cloud State. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Evolution of Fangs Across Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) by Emily E. Olson A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of St. Cloud State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Ecology and Natural Resources April, 2017 Thesis Committee: Matthew Davis, Chairperson Heiko Schoenfuss Matthew Tornow 2 Abstract To date, no study has investigated how many independent evolutions of fangs have occurred across ray-finned fishes. This research addresses this question by focusing on the evolution of fangs across a diversity of marine habitats in the Lizardfishes (Aulopiformes), and then investigating the evolution of fangs across ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii). Lizardfishes are a diverse order of fishes (~236 species) that are observed to have fang-like teeth and occupy a variety of marine habitats. A taxonomic review of lizardfish specimens representing 35 of 44 genera were examined for the presence of fangs.
    [Show full text]
  • Douglas S. Jones
    DOUGLAS S. JONES Curriculum Vitae Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, P. O. Box 117800, Gainesville, FL 32611-7800 (352) 273-1901 (Office) (352) 392-8783 (Fax) [email protected] (Email) EDUCATION: B.A. Geology (High Honors); Rutgers University; 1974 M.A. Geological and Geophysical Sciences; Princeton University; 1976 Ph.D. Geological and Geophysical Sciences; Princeton University; 1980 HONORS AND Phi Beta Kappa (1973); Delta Phi Alpha (1973); Vinton Gwinn Memorial Prize in Geology - OFFICES: Rutgers University (1974); Sigma Xi (1976); Sigma Xi Faculty Research Award - University of Florida (1983);GSA Annual Meeting Field Trip Co-Chairman (1985);President- Southeastern Geological Society (1986-87); Series Co-Editor (with N.H. Landman) - Topics In Geobiology, Springer (1986-2007); Fellow - Geological Society of America (1989); Palaios Best Paper Award - Honorable Mention (1990); Research Achievement Award, University of Florida (1991); Sabbatical - Dept. of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University, (1992); President - SE Section, The Paleontological Society (1993-94); Paleontological Society Distinguished Lecturer (1994-95); Editorial Boards: Geology (1997-99), Palaios (1989-2004), Historical Biology (1994-2004), Nautilus (1998-pres.); Trustee – Bailey- Matthews Shell Museum (1998-2003; 2008-10); Board of Directors- Florida Association of Museums & Foundation, Inc. (1998-pres.; Treasurer 2000-04; President 2006-08); Board of Directors - Natural Science Collections Alliance (2003-06); UF Foundation Board of Directors (2003-07); Sir Kirby Laing Fellow – University of Wales, UK (2004); Vice- President – Toomey Foundation for the Natural Sciences (2004 – pres.); UF Dean & Director Development Council (2004-10; Vice Chair 2006-08, Chair 2009-10); Advisory Council – Ordway Swisher Biological Station (2008-pres.); Assoc.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes Ricardo Betancur-R1,2*, Edward O
    Betancur-R et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:162 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes Ricardo Betancur-R1,2*, Edward O. Wiley3,4, Gloria Arratia3, Arturo Acero5, Nicolas Bailly6, Masaki Miya7, Guillaume Lecointre8 and Guillermo Ortí2,9 Abstract Background: Fish classifications, as those of most other taxonomic groups, are being transformed drastically as new molecular phylogenies provide support for natural groups that were unanticipated by previous studies. A brief review of the main criteria used by ichthyologists to define their classifications during the last 50 years, however, reveals slow progress towards using an explicit phylogenetic framework. Instead, the trend has been to rely, in varying degrees, on deep-rooted anatomical concepts and authority, often mixing taxa with explicit phylogenetic support with arbitrary groupings. Two leading sources in ichthyology frequently used for fish classifications (JS Nelson’s volumes of Fishes of the World and W. Eschmeyer’s Catalog of Fishes) fail to adopt a global phylogenetic framework despite much recent progress made towards the resolution of the fish Tree of Life. The first explicit phylogenetic classification of bony fishes was published in 2013, based on a comprehensive molecular phylogeny (www.deepfin.org). We here update the first version of that classification by incorporating the most recent phylogenetic results. Results: The updated classification presented here is based on phylogenies inferred using molecular and genomic data for nearly 2000 fishes. A total of 72 orders (and 79 suborders) are recognized in this version, compared with 66 orders in version 1. The phylogeny resolves placement of 410 families, or ~80% of the total of 514 families of bony fishes currently recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • 1683 Gradianu.Vp
    Gonostoma dracula sp. nov. (Teleostei, Gonostomatidae) from the Oligocene deposits of the Central Paratethys (Romania): earliest occurrence of the modern bristlemouths IONUÞ GRÃDIANU, TOMÁ PØIKRYL, RÙENA GREGOROVÁ & ANTONY S. HAROLD The Gonostomatidae comprise bioluminescent, meso- to bathypelagic fishes which occur from temperate to tropical cli- mates. The members of this family, most notably Cyclothone spp., represent the most abundant vertebrates on Earth. In the present day fauna, the Gonostomatidae consist of six genera: Bonapartia, Cyclothone, Diplophos, Gonostoma, Margrethia, Triplophos. Although the earliest known gonostomatid, †Primaevistomias weitzmani, is from the middle Eocene of the Caucasus, the most significant increase in number of individual specimens occurred in the Early Oligocene of the Central and Eastern Paratethys. †Scopeloides glarisianus represents the most abundant Oligocene gonostomatid species and has been recorded from Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Caucasus, and Iran, while specimens of †Kotlarczykia bathybia are rare, isolated and reported only from Poland and the Czech Repub- lic. In this paper we describe †Gonostoma dracula sp. nov., which seems to be the earliest fossil species of Gonostoma. The specimens were discovered in the Dysodilic Shale intercalations of the Kliwa Sandstone Formation from Piatra Pinului in the Gura Humorului area, Eastern Carpathians (Romania). †Gonostoma dracula sp. nov., differs from all ex- tinct and extant representatives of the genus and seems to exhibit a sequence of characters that are problematic among Gonostoma species and that show varying affinities with living representatives, although with some important similari- ties with G. bathyphilum.†Gonostoma dracula sp. nov., represents the oldest species to date and the first record of the genus from the Oligocene deposits of the entire Paratethys area.
    [Show full text]
  • West Coast Inventory List
    Resource Inventory of Marine and Estuarine Fishes of the West Coast and Alaska: A Checklist of North Pacific and Arctic Ocean Species from Baja California to the Alaska–Yukon Border OCS Study MMS 2005-030 and USGS/NBII 2005-001 Project Cooperation This research addressed an information need identified Milton S. Love by the USGS Western Fisheries Research Center and the Marine Science Institute University of California, Santa Barbara to the Department University of California of the Interior’s Minerals Management Service, Pacific Santa Barbara, CA 93106 OCS Region, Camarillo, California. The resource inventory [email protected] information was further supported by the USGS’s National www.id.ucsb.edu/lovelab Biological Information Infrastructure as part of its ongoing aquatic GAP project in Puget Sound, Washington. Catherine W. Mecklenburg T. Anthony Mecklenburg Report Availability Pt. Stephens Research Available for viewing and in PDF at: P. O. Box 210307 http://wfrc.usgs.gov Auke Bay, AK 99821 http://far.nbii.gov [email protected] http://www.id.ucsb.edu/lovelab Lyman K. Thorsteinson Printed copies available from: Western Fisheries Research Center Milton Love U. S. Geological Survey Marine Science Institute 6505 NE 65th St. University of California, Santa Barbara Seattle, WA 98115 Santa Barbara, CA 93106 [email protected] (805) 893-2935 June 2005 Lyman Thorsteinson Western Fisheries Research Center Much of the research was performed under a coopera- U. S. Geological Survey tive agreement between the USGS’s Western Fisheries
    [Show full text]
  • 'Living Fossil' Eel (Anguilliformes: Protoanguillidae, Fam
    Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on August 17, 2011 A 'living fossil' eel (Anguilliformes: Protoanguillidae, fam. nov.) from an undersea cave in Palau G. David Johnson, Hitoshi Ida, Jiro Sakaue, Tetsuya Sado, Takashi Asahida and Masaki Miya Proc. R. Soc. B published online 17 August 2011 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1289 Supplementary data "Data Supplement" http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/suppl/2011/08/16/rspb.2011.1289.DC1.h tml References This article cites 29 articles, 7 of which can be accessed free http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/early/2011/08/16/rspb.2011.1289.full.ht ml#ref-list-1 P<P Published online 17 August 2011 in advance of the print journal. This article is free to access Subject collections Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections palaeontology (231 articles) taxonomy and systematics (370 articles) evolution (2875 articles) Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top Email alerting service right-hand corner of the article or click here Advance online articles have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet appeared in the paper journal (edited, typeset versions may be posted when available prior to final publication). Advance online articles are citable and establish publication priority; they are indexed by PubMed from initial publication. Citations to Advance online articles must include the digital object identifier (DOIs) and date of initial publication. To subscribe to Proc. R. Soc. B go to: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/subscriptions This journal is © 2011 The Royal Society Downloaded from rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org on August 17, 2011 Proc.
    [Show full text]